高中英语合成词讲解
合成(Compounding)
构词法 派生法(Derivation)
【前缀/后缀】
转化法(Conversion)
【词性转换】
1.合成词: painkiller colorblind sleepwalk
1. 合成名词
(1) n+n
air conditioner
blood pressure
income tax
credit card
(2) adj + n
central bank
fast food
solar system太阳系
remote control遥控
(3) v-ing +另一词
washing machine
driving license
(4) 其他方式
by-product 副产品
editor-in-chief总编辑
2. 合成形容词
(1) 过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。
absent-minded man-made
warm-hearted grey-haired
(2) 动词的ing 或另一词构成
long-suffering长期受苦的
far-reaching 深远的
3. 合成动词及合成副词
overeat
baby-sit
empty-handed空手的,一无所获的
派生法(Derivation)---词缀法
前缀
Pre- (前)Pre-reading, preview, prepay Re- (重新) Rewrite, reconsider, reuse dis- (不)disagree , dislike , disappear in/im- (不)incorrect , impossible mis –(错误或失当) misunderstand, mislead super- (超级) supermarket, superman mini-(微小) miniskirt, minibus
fore-(前,预先)foretell, forecast
post–(之后)postwar, post-reading
semi-(半,部分) semicircle, semi-final anti- (阻止,抗) antiwar, anti-Japanese war under-
(在……下, 在……中) underground, under-develop 后缀
名词后缀 :
-er -or -tion -ment -ity -ist -hood -ion
请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连,组成新词:
work, educate, develop, visit, satisfy, teach, sail, piano,
art, child, act, brother, solute, conclude, move,possible
-er teacher, worker
-or visitor, sailor
-tion education, satisfaction -ment development, movement
-ity ability, possibility
-ist pianist, artist
-hood childhood, brotherhood -ion action, solution, conclusion 形容词后缀:
-ous dangerous, humorous
-ful helpful, careful
-able, -ible comfortable, responsible
-ant, -ent important, excellent -ary military, voluntary 副词性的词缀:
-ly quickly, softly, yearly -wards backwards, forwards 转化法
1.动词转化为名词
1)意思没有变化,例如:I think we'd better finish the talk now.我想我们的谈话最好现在结束。
2)意思有一定变化,例如:He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 3)构成短语,例如:Let's have a look first. 我们先看一下吧。
2.名词转化为动词
1)
表
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示物体的,如:Have you booked the ticket?你订好票了吗?
2)表示身体部位的,如:Hand in your papers please.请把你们的
试卷
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交上来。 3)表示一类人的,如:She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
4)抽象名词,如:We breakfasted together.我们在一起吃了早餐。
3.形容词转化为动词
少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
Fire can warm our body.
Sunshine can dry our clothes.
4.副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如:Murder will out.恶事终必将败露。 5.形容词转化为名词
1)表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如: The girl in black appears very beautiful.那个穿黑衣服的女孩子看上去非常漂亮。
2)一些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数,如: We don't belong to the rich, but we dong't belong to the poor either. 我们不是有钱人但我们也不是穷人。