基本功-冠词介词连词

一、冠词的应用 大致规律: 1.复数前面一般不加定冠词,除非后面跟定语从句(或其缩略式)进行限定(you accept that overweight and obesity are forms of malnutrition as well; it's that it might be easier to make the changes required to fix the problems created by industrial agriculture than those created by inequality); 2. 明确特指对象一般要加定冠词(debunking the idea that we need to grow more food on a large scale so we can "feed the nine billion”- the anticipated global population by 2050); 3. "of”前的单数名词一般要加定冠词,固定词组除外(Since the start of the recession, the number of Americans who have moved each year has fallen sharply for a host of reasons); 4.同位语进行解释说明时一般要加不定冠词(by Redfin, a national real estate brokerage firm); 5.单数名词前有形容词,一般需要添加不定冠词(The country's fastest-growing cities are now those where housing is more affordable than average, a decisive reversal from the early years of the millennium); 6.定语从句(包括“doing和done"的从句缩略形式)的先行词前一般都要添加定冠词(There is also the virtually unregulated food system that is geared toward making money rather than feeding people); 7.如果实在搞不清楚,不妨将其翻译为中文,看看丁灭工、加什么更符合汉语习惯,也不失为一种实际应用技巧。 练习(以下空白处有些需要填写冠词a或者the,有些则不需要冠词) have gained young talent, either from net migration to 23 cities or from residents graduating from college. Denver has many of 24 tangible things young people want, economists say, including mountains, sunshine and jobs in 25 booming industries like tech. Perhaps more important, it also has 26 ones that give cities 27 perception of cultural cool, like microbreweries and bike-sharing and 28 acceptance of marijuana and same-sex marriage. Other cities that have had significant increases in 29 young and educated population and that now have more than their share include San Diego, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Indianapolis, Nashville, Salt Lake City and Portland, Ore. At the other end of 30 spectrum are 31 cities where less than 4 percent of the population are young college graduates. Among those, Detroit lost about 10 percent of this group, while Providence gained just 6 percent and Memphis 10 percent. Atlanta, one of the biggest net gainers of young graduates in the 1990s, has taken 32 sharp turn. Its young, educated population has increased just 2.8 percent since 2000, significantly less than its overall population. It is suffering 33 consequences of 34 over-enthusiasm for new houses and new jobs before the crash, economists say. 二、介词、连词的应用 1. 大会、 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 、 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 、条约、法律等涉及的内容,往往通过“On"来连接,具体案例如下。 大会类: Conference on Disarmament; the 2015 White House Conference on Aging; the 2014 Asian Conference on the Life Sciences and Sustainability; the Fifth International Conference on Communications and Electronics; the Third International Conference on Communications and Information Technology 协议、合同、条约类: Agreement on Rules of Origin(原产地规则协议); Agreement on Safeguards (WTO保障措施协议); the Rio+20 Treaty on Higher Education; Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS); Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT); the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS); Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (Bangkok Treaty). 法律类: Sharia Law on Divorce; Common Law on Trademark Abandonment; Law on the Protection of Trademarks and other Signs; Law on the Protection of Literary and Artistic Property; Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women; Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests. 2.有关某方面上升、下降、增加、减少介词选用…`i n",具体案例如下。 rise in population of elderly; the biggest rise in population; 16% rise in population; a spike in investment activity; spike in first half investment; benefit from spike in prices; huge spike in London hotel investment in Q1 the increase in the green coverage area; an increase in cost of living; a surprise drop in US jo b creation; drop in unemployment; the drop in labor force; a decline in domestic violence; a decline in competence; a decline in operating profit. 3. 关于“as”必须予以重视,这里重点学习“a s"作为连词引导事实背景,中文的大致意思就是“随着……”,“在……的背景下”,逻辑上来讲属于主句的原因,在讲授汉英翻译技巧时也会再次学习作为“三剑客”之一的“as"。具体案例如下。 As population ages, driving issues will increase. As Connecticut population ages, elder abuse rises. As pollution worsens, China turns to big data. Texas pollution worsens as budget shrinks for regulators. China's manufacturers feel the squeeze as costs rise 4.其他的介词使用规则需要平时点滴积累,特别是固定词组搭配,绝对不能掉以轻心。 The world is still acting too slowly to stop Ebola FOR months the world has sat largely idle 1 an Ebola epidemic has marched steadily from the remote jungles 2 Guinea to the slums Obama announced the largest humanitarian deployment by America?s armed forces to fight an in fectious disease. Saying that the epidemic “is global security 7 these countries break down”, the president began the process of sending some 3,000 American troops to set up treatment centers with 1,700 beds and to train local health workers. American forces are preparing to confront jihadists in Iraq and Syria and are stretched thin elsewhere. Ebola is a disease that is usually absent worst recorded outbreak has thus far caused 3,000 known deaths (see article). Moreover it is unlikely to spread widely in rich countries virus that kills some 1.6m people a year, or tuberculosis (TB),which takes another 1.3m lives, an expensive fight against Ebola may seem a misallocation of resources. Yet Ebola is now growing exponentially, 13 the number of new cases roughly doubling every three weeks or so. In Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, it is thought to be doubling every two weeks. Previous outbreaks this rate of progress, small numbers quickly become big ones, and there is a real risk 16 the disease spreading to cities such as Lagos, which is home 17 more than 10m people. The longer Ebola is allowed to replicate 18 humans, the greater the risk that it will become more contagious. Some virologists fret that it might even acquire the ability to this seems unlikely, nobody wants to find out just how quickly Ebola can adapt to humans. basic protective gear such as gloves, gowns, surgical masks and disinfectant. Domestic health systems in affected countries have lack of basic gear. The second need is for trained staff to run the treatment centers and work in them. Poorly run ones 24 weak infection controls may hasten the spread of the disease. Both are needed soon, 25 the cost of halting Ebola?s spread is also rising exponentially. In August the World Health Organization estimated that it would take nine months and cost $490m to contain Ebola. Now it reckons the cost has risen to over $1 billion. The longer the world prevaricates, the harder and costlier it will be to contain this outbreak.