词根词缀复

co-, com-, con-, col-, cor-:together; with 共同, (和…)一起co-表示"共同",通常放在元音词根前 cooperation 合作(co+operation 操作→共同操作→合作) coexist 共存(co+exist 存在) coordinate 协调:同等的 coauthor 合著者 com-,con-表示"共同" combine 联合,结合(com+bine 捆→捆在一起→结合) compassion 同情 commend 赞扬;推荐 comparison 比较 contemporary 同时代的(con+tempor 时间+ary→同时间的) conclude 结束;总结(con+clude 关闭→全部关闭→结束) confirm 坚定;证实(con+firm 坚定) conflict 冲突(con+flict 打→一起打斗→冲突) col-,cor 在同辅音词根前,表示"共同" collaboration 协作;合著(col+labor 劳动+ation→共同劳动colleague 同事 collect 收集 correct 改正,纠正(cor+rect 正→全部改正→纠正) correspond 通信;符合(cor+respond 反应→共同反应→相互通信) in-, im-:in; into 内部的,向内的 inborn 天生的(in+born 出生的) inspired 有灵感的(in+spired 有呼吸的→有生命的,有灵感的) indoor 户内的(in+door 门→门内的) in-, im-, il-, ir-:not 否定,相反,不足 inhuman 不人道的(in+human 人道的) injustice 不公正(in+justice 公正) inconstant 多变的,无常的(in+constant 稳定的) immoral 不道德的(im+moral 道德的) impartial 公平的(im+partial 有偏见的) impolite 无礼的(im+polite 礼貌的) micro-:small表示“微,小” a microcomputer 微型计算机 microscope 显微镜(micro+scope 看→看小东西→显微镜) macro-:large表示“宏伟,大” macroeconomics 宏观经济学 macrostructure 宏观结构(macro+structure 结构) pre-:before (在…之)前 prewar: 战前的 preschool 学龄前的(pre+school 学校→上学前的) prehistory 史前(pre+history 历史) prefix 前缀(pre+fix 固定→固定在前面→前缀) post-:(在…之)后 postwar: 战后的 postpone 推迟(post+phone 放→放到后面→推迟) re-, retro-:backward; back; behind; again 向后(的),回复(的);再,又reflect 回想;反射(re+flect 弯曲→反弯曲→反射) retreat 后退,撤退(re+treat 拉→拉回来→撤退) retrospect 回顾,回想(retro+spect 看→向后看) reunite: 重聚; Stem -audi-, -audit-:hear 表示“听” audience 听众;观众(audi+ence 表名词→听的人→听众) audible 听得见的;可听的(audi+ible 能…的) inaudible 听不见的(in 不+audi+ible) auditorium 礼堂;讲堂(audit+orium 场所→听的场所) -chron-: time表示“时间” chroic 长期的 chronicle 编年史(chron+icle 表名词) -dic-, -dict-: say; speak表示“说话,断言” dictate v 口授;命令;听写 dictator n 发命令者;独裁者(dictate+or→发命令者) diction n 措词;词语的选择(dict+ion→说话状态→措词) dictionary n 字典(diction+ary→措词的书→字典) contradict n 反驳;否认(contra 反+dict→反说→反驳) predict v 预言;预告(pre 预先+dict) predicate v 断定,认定(pre+dic+ate→预先说→断定) predication n 认定,断定(predicate+ion) -gram-, -graph-:write; wirting表示“写,图” grammar n 语法,文法 diagram n 图解,图表(dia 交叉+gram→交叉画图) biography n 传记(文学)(bio 生命+graph+y→写生命→传记) biographer n 传记作家(biography+er) autograph n 亲笔字(auto 自己+graph→自己写的字→亲笔字) -log-, -ology-:study; the science of表示“科学,学科”" geology n 地质学(geo 地+logy) psychology n 心理学(psych 心理+ology) physiology n 生理学(physi 身体,物质+ology) -phon-:sound表示“声音” phonetics n 语音学(phon+etics 学科) symphony n 交响乐(sym 共同+phony→所有乐器一起响→交响乐) microphone n 麦克风(micro 小+phone→小声音变大声音) -scrib-, -script-:write; writing表示“写”" script n 原本,脚本 describe v 描写,叙述 inscribe v 铭刻(in 进入+scribe→刻写进去→铭刻) manuscript v 手抄本;原稿(manu 手+script) prescribe v 开药方;命令(pre 预先+scribe→预先写好药量) transcribe 抄写,转录(trans+scribe 写→把写的东西移到〔另一张纸上〕→抄写) -spect-:see; look at表示“看”" expect v 期待,盼望 inspect v 检查;视察(in 内+spect→看进去→视察) perspective n 看法;眼界;透视(per 全部+spective→全部看到→透视,看法) prospect n 展望,前景(pro 向前+spect→向前看→展望) respective a 各自的(re 回+spective→回头看[自己]→各自的) retrospect v 回顾,回想(retro 向后+spect 看→向后看→回顾) Suffixes -er (1)表名词,“…人” singer n 歌唱家(sing 唱歌) leader n 领袖(lead 领导) writer n 作家(write 写) insider n 局内人(inside 内部) banker n 银行家(bank 银行) teenager n 青少年(teenage 十一到十九岁) southerner n 南方人(southern 南方的) villager n 村民(village 村庄) (2)表名词,“物品,机器” washer n 洗衣机(wash 洗) lighter n 打火机(light 点火) heater n 加热器(heat 加热) boiler n 锅炉(boil 煮) (3)表名词,“反复做” mutter v 喃喃自语 chatter v 喋喋不休(chat 聊天+ter) stutter v 口吃 waver v 摆动(wave 波动) batter v 连打,不断打(bat 打+ter) -tion, -ation:the act, state, or result of doing something:名词字尾行为状态 the completion of the task (=act of finishing it) his election (=he was elected) to the post Young children demand a lot of attention. Examination Combination Exercise 1 Try to guess the meaning of the italicized word in each of the following sentences according to word analysis: 1. In retrospect, we would have been wise to leave our money in the bank. a. many years ago b. looking around c. looking back 分析:retrospect 回顾,回想(retro+spect 看→向后看) 2. He lost his spectacles. a. glasses b. shoes c. pants 分析:(spect+acle→看的东西→眼镜) 3. He inspected their work. a. spoke highly of b. examined closely c. did not examine 分析:inspect v 检查;视察(in 内+spect→看进去→视察) 4. I am going to buy a microbus. a. big bus b. medium-sized bus c. small bus 分析:micro- 微小 5. He lived a hard life in pre-liberation days. a. before liberation b. after liberation c. since liberation 分析:pre-:before (在…之)前 Exercise 2 Complete the following sentences according to word analysis: 1. If you have auditory trouble, you have trouble in the ears. 2. What he has said is illogical. Here illogical means not logical. 3. An irregular verb is a verb which is not regular. 4. A predictor is one who can say something in advance. 5. A preposition comes before a noun. 6. If they are co-producers, they produce something together. Exercise 3 Following is a list of words containing some of the stems and affixes introduced in this section. Definitions of these words appear on the right. These words are probably unfamiliar to you. It is Not the purpose of this exercise to teach you the definitions of all these words. Instead, the exercise is designed to serve as a review of stems and affixes defined in this section and as a way for you to practice using the skill of word analysis to guess the meanings of unfamiliar words. Group 1 1. c microscope a. the science of hearing 2. d phonoscope b. the act or sense of hearing 3. b audition c. an instrument used to make small object large enough to see or study 4. a audiology d. an instrument which tests the quality of strings for musical instruments Group 2 1. b听力表,测听计audiometer a. an instrument that records or reproduce sound 2. a留声机gramophone b. an instrument for measuring hearing 3. c天文,航海用的精密时计,精密的时钟chronometer c. an instrument for measuring time accurately 4. d年代学;年代记chronology d. the science which measures time and gives dates to events Group 3 1. b显微图micrograph a. an instrument used to make weak sounds louder 2. c极微时间测定器chronoscope b. an instrument for doing extremely small writing 3. d表音符号phonogram c. an instrument used to measure small periods of time 4. a扩音器,麦克风microphone d. the sign or symbol representing a sound or word Group 4