英语修辞手法

英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 本体+喻体+比喻词 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale 4>.She reminds me of a tigress. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 本体+喻体 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 4.He is a pig.他简直是头猪。比喻:他是一个像猪一般的人，指肮脏，贪吃的人。 3.She is a woman with a stony heart.她是一个铁石心肠的女人。(比喻:这个女人冷酷无情。) 3.Mark Twain is a mirror of America.马克•吐温是美国的一面镜子。(用镜子比喻美国的现实，很贴切。) 3.Personification 拟人 把生命赋予无生命的事物. 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化) 1 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.鸟拟人化) 4.Metonymy 借喻,转喻,借代 不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. (用the kettle壶，表示 the water in the kettle 壶水) 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. 3>.The ham sandwich is waiting for his check.吃三明治的顾客 II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 2.He is fond of the bottle.他喜欢喝酒。 (用bottle装酒的瓶子，表示wine酒) 3.Grey hairs should be respected.老人应受到尊重。 (用grey hairs白发，表示 old people老人) 4.The pen is mightier than the sword.笔要比剑更锋利。(用pen笔，表示article文章) 5.I am reading Lu xun.我在读鲁迅的作品。 2 (用Lu xun鲁迅，表示Lu Hsun's works鲁迅的作品) 5.Synecdoche 提喻 区别于借代提喻是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。 换喻主要借助于密切的关系与联想，而提喻则是借助于部分相似。 提喻大致归纳为四种情况: a.部分和全体互代;b.以材料代替事物c.抽象和具体互代;d.以个体代替整个类。 1.Outside,(there is) a sea of faces.外面街上，是人的海洋。(以人体的局部代全体，即以faces 表示people) 2. Have you any coppers? 你有钱吗,以材料代事物，即以copper铜喻指coin money铜币 3.They share the same roof.他们住在一起。(以部分代全体，即用roof屋顶，表示house屋子、住宅) 4.He is the Newton of this century.他是本世纪的牛顿。(以个体代整个类，用Newton表示scientist科学家) 5.It was reported that China won the volleyball match.椐报载:在这次排球赛中，中国队赢了。(以国家名称China代该国球队the Chinese Volleyball Team) 6.Life was a wearing to him.生活令他感到厌倦。(以抽象代具体，即用wearing喻指a wearing thing令人厌倦的事情) 7、“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...” „„他说这是世界上最美的语言。 这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。 8、There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的3 厂里约有100名工人. 9、The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 10、He earns his bread by writing. 11、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men. 长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。 句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲) 12、Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the US team. 很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。 这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。 6.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶 这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法. 例如: 1> .Not that I loved Caesar less but that I loved Rome more. 2>.You are staying; I am going. 3>.Give me liberty, or give me death. 4>.He for God only ,she for God in him . 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 4 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>. Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. I have a sea of trouble . 4>.My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了。 5>.When I told our father about this, his heart burst. 当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时，他的心几乎要迸出来。 6>.My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone. 从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。 8.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法 婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例如: 1>.He is out visiting the necessary.他出去方便一下. 2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽. 3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世) 4. He is a bit off his head. 他疯了。 5.The child is a slow learner . 9( transferred epithet 转移是转移修饰的意思.也就是用来修饰人的分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关. 5 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder. 用到了reassuring arm,这里的reassuring,是令人舒心的意思,是一般用来修饰人的现在分词形式的形容词,但是在这里修饰了并无独立生命的arm,虽不直接修饰人,但这里它所修饰的arm是人的一部分,所表示的意思也是Darrow这个人令"I"感到舒心. 2. But above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. 第2句里面的purposeless也是同样的道理. 3.a surprising silence He gave a wide-eyed answer. 用修饰人的adj修饰n. 通常发生在adj上， 区别于拟人。 • There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉 思的寂静。 The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一只令 人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。 He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十岁时他结束了他 那忙碌的一生。 This is the cheapest market in this country. 这是这个国家最便宜 的市场了。 10.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻 这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义. 1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见 2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome. 3. dully bright 大智若愚 bitter-sweet memory 苦乐参半的记忆 6 11.Irony 反语 反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞 同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法. 例如: 1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念) 2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar. 当然，我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。 店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客:像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢,名 为“gentlemen”实则“beggar”而已。 3. you are very clever indeed. 4. better luck than I did . 12.Climax 渐进法,层进法 这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后 达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象. 例如: 1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry. 2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone. 7 13.Parallelism 排比, 平行 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致 的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy. 2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately. 14、头韵法(alliteration)在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开 头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。 1.How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. 2.Forgive and forget . 3.I wish you to be hearty ,happy, healthy. 15. 拟声(onomatopoeia)是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事 物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。 1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing. 在学 校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。 2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of 8 a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嗄声呀，亲人的说话声呀。 Presently there came the click of high-heeled shoes.高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。 16. Pun 双关 就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现. 1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise. 2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. 3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately 4>.A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. 一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。(arms可指手臂或者武器) 5>.Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者:七天没有水就是一周没有水。 6、Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly. 生动形象的明喻(Simile) 一、用like,as,likened to表示比喻关系 1(The water of the pool was too dirty，and what was more，the swimmers were packed like sardines([sɑ:’di:n] 沙丁鱼(罐装的)((Lars Mellgren,Michael Walker) 9 游泳池里的人太多，水太脏，在池里，游泳者像沙丁鱼罐头一样被塞得拥挤不堪。 2(O my Luve’s like a red，red rose( That’s newly sprung in June; 0 my Luve’s like the melodie( That’s sweetly played in tune! (Robert Burns:A Red，Red Rose) 啊，我爱人像红红的玫瑰， 它在六月里初开。 啊，我爱人像支乐曲[yuèqǔ]， 美妙地演奏起来。 3( I see also the dull，drilled，docile([‘d?usail] 听话的, 温顺的, 容易教的; 易驾驶的; 驯服的)，brutish([‘bru:ti?] 如野兽般的,粗野的)masses of the Hun ([h?n] 野蛮人, ,总称,德国人)soldiery ([‘s?uld??ri] 军人)plodding([pl?d] 沉重缓慢地走(路) on like a swarm of crawling locusts.[‘l?uk?st]((Winston S(Churchill:Speech On Hitler’s Invasion”of the USSR) 我也看到大批呆头呆脑、训练有素、唯命是从、凶暴惨恶的德国大兵，像一群蠕动的蝗虫蹒跚前进。 4(A year has gone as a tortoise goes，heavy and slow((Whittler) 一年过去，像乌龟爬行一样沉重而缓慢。 5(Passions are liken'd best to floods and streams: The shallow(浅的) murmur，but the deep are dumb„ (W(Raleigh:The Silent Lover) 激情最像洪流与溪水， 水面喧声淙淙[cóng cóng]，水底无语无声„„ 二、用as„as„或more than表示比喻关系 1(The ruby([‘ru:bi] 红宝石) shall be redder than a red rose， And the sapphire([‘sæfai?]) shall be as blue as the great sea( (0(Wilde) 红宝石将比红玫瑰还要红， 蓝宝石像大海一样蓝。 2(So as she shows she seems the budding rose， Yet sweeter far than is earthly flower((( (Robert Greene:Pandosto) 她的出现，看似含苞的玫瑰， 却远比尘世的花儿馥郁„„ 。 3(In the morning the dust hung like fog，and the sun was as red as ripe new blood((J( Steinbeck) 早上，尘埃如雾般地笼罩，太阳红得像鲜血。 4(Every tree and every branch was encrusted ([in’kr?st] 用一层硬壳覆盖, 包裹) with bright and delicate hoarfrost([‘h?:’fr?st] 霜,白霜)，white and pure as snow，delicate and refined as carved ivory([‘aiv?ri] 象牙, 象牙制品).(Mitfond) 10 每一棵树，每一根树枝，都包裹一层明亮精美的白霜，像雪那样的洁白，那 样的纯净，像牙雕一般精致优美。 三、用as if或as though表示比喻关系 1(A crowd of people pressed around him，touching his body，felt his legs， and bid for (在拍卖中)出(某价)竞买(某物)him as if he had been a horse((M(Reid:The Quadroon) 一大群人围在他身边，摆弄他的身子，摸摸他的大腿，出价买他，好像他是 一匹马似的。 2(The woman made him fetch and carry just as if he was a great Newfoundland dog((W.Thackeray) 这个女人叫他拿这做那，简直把他当作一条纽芬兰的大狗。 3(With the development of these tools，it is as if a man suddenly became a millionaire of the mind((K(Croft) 随着这些新工具的发展，好像一个人一夜之间成了知识上的百万富翁似的。 4(She was the fattest woman I have ever seen in my life dozing in a straight—backed chair(It was as if a sack of grain was supported by a matchbox((Doris Lessing:In Pursuit of the English) 还有一位我平生所未曾见过的最胖的女人，她坐在一把直背椅子上打瞌睡， 那简直就 像一口袋粮食放在一个火柴盒上一样。 四、用A is to B as,what C is to D表示比喻关系 1(Carlos[‘kɑ:l?s] Lehder was to cocaine[k?‘kein] transportation what Henry Ford was to cars((Micheal Satchell) 卡洛斯?雷德与可卡因贩运的关系，正如亨利?福特与汽车的关系一样。 3(Etiquette[‘etiket] to society is what apparel([?’pær?l] 衣服, 服 装) is to the individual( 礼节之于社会，犹如衣服之于个人。 4(What sculpture.[‘sk?lpt??] is to a block of marble[‘mɑ:bl]，education is to the soul( 教育之于心灵，犹如雕刻术之于大理石。 五、用what„,that„，as„，so表示比喻关系 1(As the lion is king of beasts，so is the eagle king of birds( 鹰为百鸟之王，正如狮为百兽之王一样。 2(As fire tries gold，so does adversity [?d’v?:siti] try virtue( 如火试真金一样，逆境考验人的品德。 3(What salt is to food，that wit and humor are to conversation and literature( 隽永与幽默对于会话和文学，恰似盐对于食物一样。 4(What blood vessel is to a man’s body，that railway is to transportation( 铁路对于运输，好比血管动脉对于人的身体一样。 六、用It is in,with„as in,with表示比喻关系 1(It is in life as in a journey( 人生好比旅行。 2(It is in studying as in eating;he who does it gets the benefits， and not he who sees it done( 11 读 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 和吃饭一样，得益的是实际在吃的人，而不是在一旁观望的人。 3(It is in mind as in body which must be nourished [‘n?ri?] by good food( 精神如身体一样都必须有好的食物来滋养。 4(It is with words as with sunbeams ([‘s?nbi:m] 阳光光束, 日光);the more they are condensed，the deeper they burn( 言语犹如阳光，愈凝缩愈强。 七、用may,might as well„as表示比喻关系 1(You might as well throw your money away as spend it in gambling( 你把钱花在赌博上，还不如丢掉的好。 2(You might as well erect a house without bricks and mortar( [‘m?:t?] 砂浆, 灰浆)as try to get on in life without education( 不受教育而想立身处世，就像没有砖和灰浆想建造房子一样。 3(You might as well expect a river to flow backward as hope to move me( 你不能动摇我的心，正如不能使河水倒流一样。 4(Friendship is a vase，which，if it is cracked by accident，may as well be broken at once( 友谊好像花瓶一样，只要偶然发生裂痕，就很可能马上破碎的。 八、用no more,less„than„或not„any more than„表示比喻关系 (Our village is no less beautiful than this picture( 1 我们的乡村同这幅画一样美丽。 2(The greatness of people is no more determined by their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height[hait]((V(Hugo) 一个民族的伟大不决定于人口多少，正如一个伟人不决定于他的身高一样。 3(There is no more dependence to be placed on his words than there is on the wind( 他的话不可信就像一阵风吹过，消失殆尽。 4(A student can no more(或can not)obtain knowledge without studying than(或many more)a farmer can get harvest without plowing[plau]( 学生不学习不能得到知识，就如农夫不耕种不能收获一样。 5(A home without love is no more a home than a body without soul is a man( 一个没有爱的家庭不能称之为家庭，正如一个没有灵魂的躯体不能称之为人一样。 九、用and结构表示比喻关系 1(A word and a stone let go cannot be called back( 一言既出，如同抛石，无法收回(覆水难收[fùshuǐnánshōu])。 2(The strong man and the waterfall channel([‘t?ænl] v.开[凿, 挖]沟, 在...开辟[形成]水道) their own path( 强者像瀑布，总是自辟蹊径。 3(Truth and oil are ever above( 真理如油一样，总是要占上方的。 4(Time and tide(潮水) wait for no man( 时光如流水，岁月不饶人。 12 5(Fish and visitors stink([sti?k] 发臭味) in three days( 鱼肉易臭，访客难久， 6(Old friends and old wine are best( 陈酒味醇，挚友情深。 7(Kings and bears often worry their keepers( 国王和熊一样，总使照料的人坐立不安;伴君如伴虎。 8(Truth and roses have thorns about them( 真理如玫瑰，全身都带刺。 9(A new baby and a new job can be equally demanding(很费心的, 很费力的)( 照顾新生的婴儿和从事新的工作二者会同样费心费力。 10(Love and a cough cannot be hid( 恋爱如同咳嗽，难逃他人耳目。 十、明喻的其他表现形式 明喻表现形式繁多，除上述种种，有时我们还可以采用以下各种表现形式。例如: (一)用be something of表示比喻关系 1(He is something of a political chameleon [k?‘mi:li?n]( 他像是政治上的变色龙。 2(He is something of Hamlet in politics( 政治上，他有点像哈姆雷特，优柔寡断，心慈手软。 (二)用compare„to„表示比喻关系 1(The ancient Egyptians compared the rising of the sun to the beginning of life and the setting of the sun to the end of life( 古代埃及人把日出比作生命的开始，把日落比作生命的结束。 2(The people often compare eloquence[‘el?kw?ns] to a fast flowing river( 人们常常以滔滔的河水比喻口才。 (三)用remind„of表示比喻关系 本体与喻体之间以“remind„of”作桥梁，把二者联系起来，触景生情。 1(She reminds me of a tigress.[‘taiɡris]( 她真像一只母老虎，凶狠泼辣。 2(His nose was particularly white and his large nostrils[‘n?stril]，correspondingly dark，reminds me of an oboe[‘?ub?u] when they dilated.([dai’leit] 扩大, 膨胀, 张大)( 他的鼻子特别白，而他那对发黑的大鼻孔在张大时使我想起双簧管。 3(These red roses remind him of his lovely and dear wife ten years ago( 这些红玫瑰勾起他对十年前爱妻的思念。 可引导明喻的动词词组还有regard„as„，如:Samuel Johnson regarded a dictionary as a watch((塞缪尔?约翰就把词典看作钟表。);treat„as，如:He treats his child as the apple in the eye((他视孩子为掌上明珠。);look upon„as，如:We look upon our youth as the future of our motherland((我们把青年们看作祖国的未来。);respect„as，如:People respected him as a great poet((人们尊称他为大诗人。);disguise„as，如:He disguised [dis’ɡaiz] himself as a public servant((他把自己装扮成人民的公仆。) 13