标准化鸡舍建设

标准化鸡舍建设 农户在鸡舍建设上存在的误区 随着新农村建设及支持畜牧业发展政策的实施，蛋鸡养殖成为农民增收致富的主要途径之一。 近年来，随着养殖业的快速发展，政府对兽医生物安全工作给予了高度重视，各种免疫落实到位。为什么在这种情况下，仍有80%以上蛋鸡养殖户受疾病困扰,究其原因，与鸡舍建设不合理、饲养设备简易、鸡舍通风条件差等有关，鸡群长期处于恶劣环境中，体质和抗病力下降，从而对外界病原的易感性增强，导致一些疾病的频繁发生。农户在鸡舍建设上存在以下误区: 误区一:什么样的环境都能养鸡 场地选择时不考虑防疫隔离条件，鸡舍建在院内或养殖高度密集区，不利于防疫隔离的 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 。 误区二:什么样的场房都能养鸡 场房简陋，饲养条件差，隔热、保温条件差，鸡群长期处于应激状态，造成体质变差，抵抗力降低。 误区三:什么样的设备都能养鸡 鸡只占笼面积小，采食、饮水空间不能保证，造成鸡群发育不均匀，营养摄取不够，体质差，容易感染疾病。 误区四:什么样的通风条件都能养鸡 鸡舍 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 不合理，通风与保温矛盾突出。特别在冬季，冬春、秋冬季节转化时 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现更明显，是这些季节鸡群容易发生传染病的主要原因。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 鉴于此，峪口禽业在大量市场调查的基础上，结合30多年鸡舍建设经验，特推荐一套适合当前农户养殖现状的“起步阶段”、“中等规模饲养阶段”、“大规模饲养阶段”等三种鸡舍建设模式，供处于不同养殖阶段、不同养殖规模的养殖户参考。 起步阶段蛋鸡舍建设,存栏2000-5000只 适合于刚进入养鸡行业或有2-3年养殖经验的农户，推荐饲养规模为2000-5000只。 一、鸡舍建设的基本规划 1、场址选择:避开养殖密集区，水质较好。 2、饲养模式:“育雏育成”和“产蛋”两阶段笼养。 3、鸡舍建筑: 2000-3000只饲养规模推荐采用:半开放式鸡舍;两列三层全阶梯式饲养;水泥地面;墙面白水泥批白;自然通风，设天窗、地窗;人工或机械清粪;人工喂料。 5000只饲养规模推荐采用:密闭式鸡舍;三列三层全阶梯式饲养;水泥地面;墙面白水泥批白;机械通风;人工或机械清粪;人工或机械喂料。 4、鸡舍土建 1)、墙体:包括墙面厚度和墙体高度。墙体厚度:南方地区厚度24墙体; 北方地区37墙或24墙加10厘米厚保温层(图1)。 墙体高度:高出最上层鸡笼1-1.5米;一般高度为2.6-3.0米。 说明: while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application a、基础埋深应在地冻线以下，图中数值为参考值; b、墙体高度见剖面图; c、山墙按370厚实心墙施工; d、蛋鸡舍外标高为-0.500，育雏舍为-0.300。 2)、屋顶:推荐使用彩钢保温板或石棉瓦+泡沫板+塑料布。南方地区采用石棉瓦+泡沫板+塑料布(图2);北方地区采用10-15厘米厚彩钢板或石棉瓦+泡沫板+塑料布(图3)。 二、2000-3000只规模蛋鸡舍具体设计及设备选型 (一) 鸡舍建筑(以3000只为例):两列鸡笼三个过道，鸡舍建筑面积:37.96米*7.34米=279平米。 1、鸡舍长宽:鸡舍长37.96米，其中储料间3米、前过道2米、后过道1.5米，单列笼长30.72米(16组笼，单笼长1.92米);鸡舍宽7.34米，其中粪沟宽1.8米，过道宽1米，粪沟前部深20厘米，后部深30厘米(图4、图5)。 2、窗户(自然通风)(图6、图7) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 3、光照:灯泡应高出顶层鸡笼50厘米，位于过道中间和两侧墙上。灯泡间距2.5-3.0米， 灯泡交错安装，两侧灯泡安装墙上(图8、图9)。 (二)、设备选型 (三)、成本预算(按北京价格计算) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 起步阶段蛋鸡舍建设,存栏5000只 一、5000只规模蛋鸡舍具体设计及设备选型 (一)鸡舍建筑:三列鸡笼四个过道，建筑面积407平米。 1、鸡舍长宽:鸡舍长38.8米;前过道2米、后过道1.5米，单列笼长34.56米(18组笼， 单笼长1.92米);鸡舍宽10.14米，其中粪沟宽1.8米，过道宽1米(图1)。 2、窗户:安装AC2000通风系统，窗户上沿略高于鸡舍顶笼或持平(图2、图3)。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 3、风机(机械纵向通风):直径1.4米的风机2台，直径0.8米的风机2台，交叉安装在正 对鸡舍过道的后墙上，风机中心(轴心)与第二层笼的高度持平(图4、图5)。 4、降温系统:安装水帘(屋脊高1.0米)(图6、图7)。 5、光照:灯泡应高出鸡笼顶层50厘米，位于过道中间和两侧墙上。灯泡间距:2.5-3.0米， 四列灯泡交错安装，两侧灯泡安装在两侧墙上。 (二)设备选型 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application (三)成本预算 起步阶段配套雏鸡舍建设 一、推荐饲养模式 推荐农户采用“育雏育成”和“产蛋鸡”两阶段的饲养方式，其优势如下: while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 1、利于防疫。单独的育雏育成鸡舍可以远离蛋鸡舍，避免了同一院内大小鸡群混养造成的交叉感染，传染病发生的几率较混养模式下降80%。 2、利于鸡群稳定。“育雏育成为一体”的饲养模式利于雏鸡舍的保温，避免雏鸡从育雏舍转到育成舍的温差应激，同时减少转群带来的人为应激，提高鸡群质量。 3、利于提高养殖效益。相比育雏、育成和产蛋鸡三阶段饲养，两阶段饲养模式能够将雏鸡从1日龄饲养到10-13周龄后再转到蛋鸡笼，大大的提高了笼位的利用效率，降低了养殖成本。 二、2000-5000只规模雏鸡舍具体设计及设备选型 (一)基本设计:半开放式鸡舍;两列四层重叠式饲养(图8);水泥地面;墙面白水泥批白;自然通风(图9)，设天窗、地窗;人工喂料;粪板人工清粪。 (二)5000只鸡舍建筑 1、推荐两列四层三个过道，鸡舍长25.34米，其中储料间2.5米、前过道1.5米、后过道1米，单列笼长19.6米(8组笼，单笼长0.7米，三笼为一组，每组笼间隔0.4米);鸡舍宽6米，其中过道宽0.82米，鸡笼宽1.4米;鸡舍高2.6米，屋脊高1米;建筑面积152.04平米(图10、图11)。 2、窗户:间距1.0-1.5米，长0.8米，高1.0米;鸡舍两侧墙都设窗户;鸡舍屋顶设天窗，要安装顶帽，天窗长0.3米，宽0.3米，间距3米;鸡舍两侧墙根部设地窗，长0.5米，宽0.3米，间距2.0-2.5米(图12)。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 3、光照:灯泡间距2.5-3.0米;灯泡离顶层笼高30-50厘米(图13)。 (三)设备选型 (四)5000只规模鸡舍成本预算 中等饲养规模阶段鸡舍建设,存栏1万-5万只 随着蛋鸡养殖的发展，越来越多的养殖户逐渐意识到要想致富，就必须摆脱粗放的饲养模式，走规模化、标准化的饲养道路。在国家“三农”政策的指引下，近年来，东北、山西、山东、湖北、河南等养鸡密集地区的农户，利用融资、合资、独资等模式筹备大量资金，向标准化、规模化饲养模式转移，相继出现饲养5万只、10万只、20万只、50万只等中、大规模养殖的蛋鸡生产企业。 但是，由于缺乏相关鸡舍设计经验，存在鸡舍建筑布局不合理、设备选型不当等原因，往往出现高投资、低收入的不良境况。鉴于此，北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司结合三十多年while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 标准化鸡舍建设经验，推荐如下适合农户中、大规模养殖的标准化鸡舍设计模式，供养殖户参考。 一、适合养殖农户的群体 适合于有3-5年蛋鸡养殖经验，有一定经济基础，技术、管理能力和市场意识较强的养殖农户，推荐饲养规模为1-5万只。 二、鸡舍建设的基本规划 1、场址选择:避开养殖密集区，水质较好。 2、饲养模式:“育雏育成”和“产蛋”两阶段笼养。 3、鸡舍建筑 推荐采用密闭式鸡舍，四列三层阶梯式饲养，水泥地面，墙面白水泥批白，自动饮水、通风、机械喂料、清粪等。 三、规模化鸡舍(以1.5万只为例)具体建设及设备选型 (一)、标准化鸡舍建筑设计 四列三层五个过道，实际笼位16896只，鸡舍建筑面积1168平方米(包括操作间和宿舍)。 鸡舍长92.54米，其中前过道(包括机头)3.5米，后过道(包括机尾)2.5米，单列笼长85.8米;44组笼，单笼长1.95米(包括笼架);鸡舍宽12.22米，其中粪沟宽1.57米，中间三个过道宽1.1米，两边过道宽0.95米;鸡舍屋檐高2.6米，屋脊高1米;鸡舍前侧面设操作间宽3.5米，长4.5米(图1、图2、图3)。 (二)、标准化鸡舍土建 1、地基 冻土层以下，基础深1.2米(北方)，打钎拍底，混凝土垫层，砼C15，基础砌筑砂浆M7.5，基础砌砖由50厘米宽经两步放脚到37墙，鸡舍内外高差0.3米。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 2、墙体(包括墙面厚度和墙体高度) 墙体厚度:南方地区厚度24墙体;北方地区37墙或24墙加10厘米厚保温层，砖混结构，砌筑砂浆M5。 墙体高度:2.6米，高出最上层鸡笼1-1.5米。 墙体沿墙每高50cm设置一道拉结筋2Φ6。构造柱400×360，砼为C25，配筋6Φ12Φ6@200，构造柱在混凝土底板处生根。墙体在2.35米处设砼圈梁一道，配筋5Φ12Φ6@250。门窗口设过梁。圈梁过梁砼柱为C25。 3、屋面结构 屋顶采用双层彩钢板，中间夹10厘米厚聚苯(容重14Kg以上)保温层。柁的跨度为11.96米，脊高1米，每架柁的间距为4.49米，柁的上弦为20号工字钢，中间用20厘米×20厘米、厚1厘米的钢板将工字钢两面对帮焊。下弦为直径1.8厘米的钢筋，中间用花篮螺栓链接，檩条为100C型钢(图4、图5)。 4、舍内土建 粪沟宽度1.57米;走道宽度:中间3条走道1.1米，两边走道0.95米。粪沟垫层C15砼，粪沟前面深-0.25米，粪沟3‰向后放坡，粪沟与地面水泥沙浆面层。鸡舍内部墙面、走道平面、粪沟表面要力求平整，不留各种死角，以减少细菌的残留为原则。舍内因为要经常消毒冲刷，所以地面与墙面的面层要坚固、耐用。墙面批白水泥。 5、鸡舍门 鸡舍所有门的高度为2米;鸡舍操作间、后侧便门(方便转群)为100mm厚彩钢复合板保温门;操作间门宽1.5米、后便门宽0.9米;休息间为塑钢门窗，门宽0.9米，窗高1.1米、窗宽1.4米(图6)。 6、密闭式通风系统 1)通风口:在侧墙上安装AC2000通风小窗(小窗大小0.67米×0.23米)，小窗间距3米，位于墙体圈梁以下(图7、图8)。 2)风机:在后山墙安装风机6个(风机尺寸1.4米×1.4米)，距离舍内地面高10厘米，侧while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 墙每侧安装风机1个，距离后山墙6米，风机角度与后墙成120度角度(图9、图10、图11)。 7、密闭式光照系统 灯泡应高出顶层鸡笼50厘米，位于过道中间和两侧墙上。灯泡间距2.5-3.0米，灯泡交错安装，两侧灯泡安装墙上(图12)。 8、水帘降温系统 在鸡舍前端增修耳房(用于安装水帘)，耳房长12.22米，高2.6米，宽1.62米，10厘米厚彩钢复合板顶，中央砌1个1立方米的水池，耳房地面比鸡舍内地平面低20厘米(图14、图15、图16)。 (三)、规模化鸡舍设备选型 大规模饲养阶段鸡舍建设,存栏10万只以上 随着蛋鸡养殖市场竞争的日益激烈和农户现代化意识的逐渐提高，规模效应和成本效应越来越成为制约养殖户发展的主要阻力，面临的问题主要集中在小规模、高成本和低效益三大方while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 面。近年来，越来越多的养殖户开始寻求多方经济资源，用融资、合资、独资等方式筹备大量资金，向标准化、规模化饲养模式转移，相继出现了饲养10万只、20万只、50万只等大规模的蛋鸡养殖生产企业。 一、适合的养殖农户群体(企业) 适合于有5年以上蛋鸡养殖经验，有很强的经济基础，技术、管理能力和市场意识较强的养殖农户或企业，推荐饲养规模为10万只以上。 二、鸡场建设的基本规划 1、场址选择:避开养殖密集区，水质较好。 2、饲养模式:“育雏育成”和“产蛋”两阶段笼养。 3、鸡舍建筑:推荐每栋鸡舍1.5-2万只饲养规模，采用密闭式鸡舍，四列三层阶梯式饲养，水泥地面，墙面白水泥批白，自动化饮水、喂料、通风、清粪等。 三、规模化饲养鸡场建设(以10万只饲养规模为例) (一)鸡场总体布局 1、总体原则:从便于防疫和组织生产考虑。场区的分区布局为生产区、办公区、生活区、辅助生产区、污粪处理区等区域。 2、排列原则:按主导风向，地势高低及水流方向依次为生活区、办公区、辅助生产区、生产区和污粪处理区。如地势与风向不一致时，则以主导风向为主(图1)。 (二)鸡场内布局 总体规划:要综合考虑鸡舍朝向、鸡舍间距、道路、排污、防火、防疫等方面的因素。 10万只规模化鸡场推荐设计: 推荐采用6栋单列或双列鸡舍排列，单栋鸡舍为1.6万只密闭式鸡舍，采用四列四过道三层阶梯式笼养，安装风机、水帘，通风小窗，采用机械清粪、机械喂料和自动光照、自动饮水系统。具体鸡舍建设，参考公司提供的《中等饲养规模阶段(存栏1-5万只)》中，1.6万只标准化鸡舍的建设(图2、图3、图4)。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 1、单栋鸡舍朝向:采用东西走向或南偏东(或西)15度左右，利于提高冬季舍温和避免夏季太阳辐射，利用主导风向，改善鸡舍通风条件为原则。 2、鸡舍间距:单列鸡舍和双列鸡舍两种类型。鸡舍间距，育雏育成舍10-20米，蛋鸡舍10-15米。 3、鸡场道路:鸡场道路分净道和污道两种，净道作为场内运输饲料、鸡群和鸡蛋之用;污道用于运输粪便、死鸡和病鸡。二者不得交叉使用。 (三)、鸡场辅助设施建设 1、鸡场大门消毒池 场区与外界要划分明确;场内不同区域及大门入口处设立消毒池。车辆消毒池长为通过最大车辆长度的1.3-1.5倍。消毒池深度为-30至-50厘米(图5)。 2、鸡场道路设计 (1)场内道路:设计时要考虑运输和防疫的要求。要求净污分开，分流明确，互不交叉，排水性好，路面质量要好。道路推荐使用混凝土结构，厚度15-18厘米，混凝土强度C20以上;道路与建筑物距离为2-4米(图6)。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application (2)场外道路:路面最小宽度为两辆中型车顺利错车，约为4-8米。 3、供水排水设计 (1)场区具备使用井和备用井两眼，另需建设水泵房、水塔及管道。 (2)生产和生活废水采用地埋管道排出;雨水排泄要根据场内地势设计排水路线，达到下雨不积水，污水流畅的原则(图7)。 4、场区电路设计 (1)使用电压为220V/380V。 (2)就近选择电源;变压器的功率应满足场内最大用电负荷。 (3)机械化程度较高的鸡场，必须配置备用发电机(图8)。 (四)、鸡舍设备选型 大规模饲养阶段专业化育雏育成鸡舍建设 随着蛋鸡养殖的发展，专业化生产已成为蛋鸡产业健康发展的必然选择。农户逐渐认识到雏鸡、蛋鸡混养所带来的防疫和管理难题，如疾病交叉感染、免疫排毒等所面临的养殖风险。目前，北京、东北、山西、湖北、河南等省市的许多养殖大户开始着手建设规模化、专业化、标准化的育雏育成舍，以提高鸡群质量，减少疾病发生和增加养殖效益。在前五期标准化蛋鸡舍建设的基础上，峪口禽业总结了三十年的规模化、标准化雏鸡舍建设经验，以供养殖户参考。 一、适合养殖农户的群体 适合于有4年以上蛋鸡养殖经验，有较强的经济基础，技术、管理能力和市场意识较强的while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 养殖农户，推荐饲养规模为每栋1万只以上。 二、规模化、专业化育雏育成舍(场)建设的基本规划 1、场址选择:避开养殖密集区，水质较好，若与蛋鸡舍在同一场区，则应离蛋鸡舍100米以上(图1)。 2、饲养模式:“育雏育成”一段式饲养模式，饲养周期为16-17周。 3、鸡舍建筑:推荐每栋鸡舍饲养量1-2万只，密闭式鸡舍，四列三层阶梯式笼养，水泥地面，墙面白水泥批白，采用锅炉集中供暖，乳头饮水，自动喂料、通风、 光照、清粪等系统。 三、规模化、专业化育雏育成舍具体土建及设备选型(每栋舍1.6万只为例) (一)标准化育雏育成舍建筑设计 推荐采用四列三层五个过道，实际笼位16000只，鸡舍建筑面积804.6平方米。 鸡舍长62.18米(净长61.44米)，其中前过道2.0米，后过道1.5米，机头1.5米，机尾1.0米，单列笼长55.44米;28组笼，单笼长1.98米(包括笼架);鸡舍宽12.94米(净空12.20米)，其中粪沟长59.44米(舍内)，舍外延长3.5米，宽1.8米;过道宽1米;鸡舍屋檐高2.7米，屋脊高1.2米(图2、图3)。 (二)标准化鸡舍土建 1、地基 冻土层以下，基础深1.2米(北方)，打钎拍底，混凝土垫层，砼C15，砖基础砌筑砂浆M7.5，基础砌砖由50厘米宽经两步放脚到37墙，鸡舍内外高差0.3米。 2、墙体(包括墙面厚度和墙体高度) 墙体厚度:石家庄以北推荐37墙加5厘米厚保温层，砖混结构，砌筑砂浆M5。墙体高度while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 2.7米，高出最上层鸡笼0.8-0.9米。 墙体沿墙每高50cm设置一道拉结筋3Φ6。构造柱400×360，砼为C25，配筋6Φ12Φ6@200，构造柱在混凝土底板处生根。墙体在2.45米处设砼圈梁一道，配筋5Φ12Φ6@250。门窗口设过梁。圈梁过梁砼柱为C25。 3、屋面结构 屋面为双坡式100mm彩钢板(容重为14公斤)屋顶;大坨跨度为12.57米，间距5.5米;柁的上弦为20号工字钢，中间用20厘米×20厘米、厚1厘米的钢板将工字钢两面对帮焊，下弦为直径1.8厘米的钢筋，中间用花篮螺栓链接;檩条为100C型钢，单坡檩条7根(图4、图5)。 4、舍内土建:粪沟宽度1.8米，走道宽度1.0米。粪沟垫层C15砼，粪沟前面深0.27米，粪沟3‰向后放坡，后面粪沟深0.45米，粪沟与地面水泥沙浆面层。鸡舍内部墙面、走道表面、粪沟表面要力求平整，不留各种死角，以减少细菌的残留为原则。因舍内经常要消毒冲刷，因此，地面与墙面的面层要坚固、耐用，墙面批白水泥。 5、密闭式通风系统 推荐采用通风小窗，湿帘，温控系统的纵向负压通风方式。 1)通风口:在侧墙上安装通风小窗(小窗大小0.63米×0.18米)，小窗中心间距3米，小窗安装在墙体圈梁以下，下沿与顶层鸡笼上部保持平行，距离地面1.9米。小窗在鸡舍两侧安装必须要求对称，小窗上沿必须安装导风板，导风板切忌水平安装，否则会对两侧鸡群造成严重的应激(图6、图7)。 2)风机:在后山墙安装风机7台(其中4台风机尺寸1.37米×1.37米，功率1.1千瓦;3台风机直径0.7米，功率0.75千瓦)，风机轴心与鸡笼中心持平，离地面高度:大风机25厘米，小风机60厘米(图8、图9)。 3)水帘降温系统:在鸡舍前端安装水帘，水帘安装在鸡舍前山墙内部(不要镶嵌在框内)，水帘高2.55米，宽度与鸡舍前山墙同宽，分三小块，水帘厚度为150毫米。前山墙安装10while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 厘米厚彩钢复合板门，用于冬季保暖(图10、图11)。 4)温控系统:采用AC2000简版温控器。 6、锅炉供暖系统 鸡舍采用100毫米热镀锌翅片暖气管道供暖，管道要均匀安装在鸡笼下层，每列为一个循环，两侧墙高50厘米处各安装一组翅片暖气管道。供暖水流方向和通风方向一致(图12、图13)。 7、密闭式光照系统 灯泡应高出顶层鸡笼45厘米，位于过道中间和两侧墙上。灯泡距地面2.4米，间距3.0米，灯泡交错安装，两侧灯泡安装墙上。 (三)、规模化鸡舍设备选型 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application