全国职称外语等级考试试卷

全国职称外语等级考试试卷 2008年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷 综合类B级 第1部分:词汇选项(第1—15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意 义最为接近的选项。 1. She found me very dull. A. dirty B sleepy C. lazy D. boring 2. The President made a brief visit to Beijing. A short B working C formal D secret 3. He was persuaded to give up the idea. A mention B accept C consider D drop 4. Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day. A eats B drink C buys D produces 5. Mary just told US a very fascinating story. A strange B frightening C difficult D interesting 6. It's a gorgeous day anyway. A lovely B cold C normal D rainy 7. Her life is becoming more diverse. A generous B humorous C varied D romantic 8. Foreign military aid was prolonging the war. A broadening B worsening C extending D accelerating 9. She was unwilling to go but she had no choice A unable B indecisive C ready D reluctant l0. She is slender, with delicate wrists and ankles. A .sick B weak C slim D pale 11. With immense relief, I stopped running. A .some B enormous C little D extensive 12. The scientists began to accumulate data. A . collect B handle C analyze D investigate 13. Jack eventually overtook the last truck. A. hit B passed C reached D led 14. Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. A. possible B profitable C easy D wise 15. The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. A. fact B mystery C statement D game 第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23,30题, 每题1分, 共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27,30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 A New Citizenship Test 1 Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship(公民身份)exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services(US-cist). It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are 13 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three. 2 “The goal is to make it more meaningful.” explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US. CIS. Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better “understanding and respect” for US civic(公民的)values, Gonzalez says. 3 The US isn’t the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a “shared commitment” from immigrants for their adopted country’s “values”. 1n recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test Last November. In March, a new butch law--took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude(裸体的)women bathing at beaches and gay(同性 恋的)men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that newcomers will be comfortable with the country’s liberal social mores. 4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from Inca citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other. Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries, after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes(少数民族聚居区)in France and the killing Of Dutch public figures by religious extremists. 5 Officials believe that a person’s attachment to a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate(同化)themselves. "Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?” says Ali Noonan, of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition(难民辩护联 盟). A Preparation for taking a citizenship test B citizenship tests in European countries C importance of promoting integration D Necessity to know the branches of government E Different views on the new citizenship test F goal of the new citizenship test 23. Paragraph 2_____________ 24. Paragraph 3_____________ 25. Paragraph 4_____________ 26. Paragraph 5_____________ 27. The questions in the new citizenship test are more difficult 28. Would-be immigrants to the US are expected 29. In the Dutch citizenship test, all would-be immigrants are required 30. Some people fear that changes in the citizenship test will do little A to know a lot more about the country B to watch a video C to help immigrants accept the new culture D to marry American citizens E to do low-skill jobs F to answer 第4部分:阅读理解(第31~45题, 每题3分, 共45分) 下面有3篇短文, 每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容, 为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Political Spins Last week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton “chutzpah”(大胆放肆). With just one sentence, Snow managed to make headlines, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics-with carefully-worded one-liners(一行字幕新闻)made for TV which often lack substance and clarity(清晰度). “The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller,” said Mark Smith, a political science professor at Cedarville University. This has been accompanied by a changing media environment, Smith said. In 1 968, the average TV or radio sound bite(演讲中的句子或短语)was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In 1996, the average sound bite had shrunk to 8 seconds. Thus, politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible. Campaigning politicians also use 30-'second"I V ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages. Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the “Straight-Talk Express”. Mocking hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth—whether it’s in fashion or not. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, on the other hand, has chosen the campaign slogan “Let the conversation begin”. She hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly. But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political “spin”. Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan(无党派 的)website Fact Check. org, calls spin “ just a polite word for deception(欺骗). ” “I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin.” said Jackson. “Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong.” 31. Which statement is NOT true of one-liners? A They are unclear. B. They contain a lot of information C They lack substance D They are carefully constructed. 32. What changed from 1968 to 1996? A. Publicity. B. Information. C. Communication. D. The average sound bite. 33. The campaign slogan “Straight-Talk Express” aims at convincing voters that the Presidential candidate is A. honest. B. friendly. C. open-minded. D. warm-hearted. 34. According to Brooks Jackson, all campaign slogans are A. attractive. B. impressive. C. deceptive. D. informative. 35. Which statement best describes strong partisans? A. They are very funny. B. They are very healthy. C. They are very aggressive. D. They are very stubborn(顽固的). 第二篇 A Tale of Scottish Rural Life Lewis Grassic Gibbon's Sunset Song (1932) was voted “the best Scottish novel of all time” by Scotland's reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland's poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades. The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kin Addie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it. Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine(女主人公). We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father; experience tragedy (her mother's suicide and murder of her twin children); and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man. But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kin Addie’s long history, in a language that imitates the place's changing, patterns of speech and writing. The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris' point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody else's business and nothing is ever forgotten. Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris' husband, Evan Avondale. The war finally kills Evan, but not in the way his widow is told. In fact, the Germans aren't responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle. If the novel is about the end of one way of life, it also looks ahead. It is a “Sunset Song” but is concerned too with the new Kin Addie, indeed of the new European world. Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story. 36. What is Sunset Song mainly about? A. The First World War. B. The beauty of the sunset. C. The new European world. D. The lives of rural Scottish farmers 37. Which statement is NOT true of Chris? A. She is the heroine of Sunset Song B. She had a miserable childhood. C. She is the creation of a man. D. She married only once. 38. What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with? A. The climate of Kinraddie. B. The history of Kinraddie. C. The geography of Kinraddie. D. The language spoken in Kinraddie. 39. Who killed Chris' husband, Ewan? A. His own troops. B. The French army. C. The Germans. D. The Russian soldiers. 40. The word “Sunset” in the title of this novel most probably means A. the end of the heroine's life. B. the end of the story. C. the end of the traditional way of life. D. the end of the day. 第三篇 Centers of the Great European Cities The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan(大都市的)atmosphere. Squares, plazas(广场)and arcades(拱廊)form the heart of Europe’s cities. Venice、in Italy has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes。In Barcelona, Spain, La Becquerel is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London’s Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats(杂技演员)and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景)to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames. These vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. “The reason people think Venice is SO great today is you don't see all the mistakes,” said Girardeau. “Those have all been removed.” Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car. SO bars, restaurants and cafes were near to people’s homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans’ life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence. Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(浓咖啡)and cigarettes. Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Cuomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters(迎合)not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community. 41. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe A. has many large squares. B. has many very magnificent sky-scrapers. C. draws tourists in large numbers every year. D. has a center where tourists meet their spouses. 42. Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden? A. It is crowded with people. B. It is located in London. C. It is filled with stalls. D. It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes 43. Why do people think that Venice is so great? A. Because it is a famous tourist attraction. B. Because you can reach anywhere by boat. C. Because it is well-known for its merchants. D. Because all the mistakes have been removed 44. What are Parisians famous for? A. Their pursuit of independence. B. Their enthusiasm for conversation. C. Their ability to keep the city flourishing. D. Their devotion to developing a multiple culture. 45. The writer cites the Cuomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that A. there is a tight link between church and society. B. all churches are magnificent. C. old churches are very popular. D. high-rise churches are impressive. 第5部分:补全短文(第46,50题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文 内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Rising Tuition in the US Every Spring, US university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year’s budget. They consider faculty salaries, utility costs for dormitories, new building needs and repairs to old ones. They run the numbers and conclude--it seems, inevitably that, yet again, the cost of tuition must go up. According to the US'S College Board, the price of attending a four-year private university in the US rose 81 percent between 1993 and 2004._______ (46) In 2005 and 2006,the numbers continued to rise. According to university officials, college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks. "Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our revenue needs for each year." said the university’s president, Dr Bill Brown. “Student tuition pays for 78 percent of the university’s operating costs.” Brown’s scholiast a private university that enrolls about 3.100 undergrads and is consistently recognized by annual college ranking guides like US News and World Report’s and The Princeton Review’s.________(47) Tuition at private universities is set by administration Follicles and then sent for approval to the school’s board of trustees(董事). ________(48)This board oversees(监管)ail of a state’s public institutions. John Durham, assistant secretary to the board of trustees at East Carolina University(ECU), explains that state Law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free. Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education. ________ (49) State residents attending ECU pay about US$10, 000 for tuition room and board before financial aid. Amid the news about continued increases in college costs, however, there is some good news. Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university. To receive financial aid, US students complete a formal application with the federal government. The federal government then decides whether an applicant is eligible(有资格的)for grants or loans_________(50) A The application is then sent to the student's university, where the school itself will decide whether free money will be given to the student and how much B At public universities, however, tuition increases must also be approved by a state education committee, sometimes called the board of governors C The school currently charges US$23,410 a year for tuition D Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food E That's more than double the rate of inflation F The state government covers the rest 第6部分:完形填空(第51,65题，每题1分，共1 5分) 下面的短文有15处空白, 请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 How Two Great Conflicts Helped to Change Europe Ninety years ago on a sunny morning in Northern France, something happened that changed B. retain and Europe for even At half past seven on the morning of July 1,1916, whistles(哨子)blew and thousands of British soldiers left their positions to attack their German enemies. By the end of the day, 20,000 of them were dead, and another 30,000 wounded or missing. The Battle of the Somme, _________ (51) it is called, lasted for six months. When, it ended, 125,000 British soldiers were dead. They had gained five kilometers of ground. This was one of a series of great battles during WWI. The attack on the Somme was staged to relieve_________ (52) on the French, who were engaged in a great battle of their own at a place called Verdun. By the time the battle ended, over a million French and German troops had been killed. About 17 million people were killed in WWI. There have been wars with greater numbers of dead. But there has never been one in________ (53) most of the dead were concentrated in such a small area. On the Somme battlefield, two men died for every meter of space. Local farmers working in the land sit________ (54) the bodies of those who died in that battle. The dead of all nations were buried in a series of giant graveyards along the line of the border________ (55) France and Belgium. Relatives and descendants(子孙)of those who died still visit these graveyards today. What the French call the “tourism of death”________ (56) an important contribution to the Iowa economy. It took a second great conflict before Europe was to turn_________ (57) war itself. Twenty-eight years after the Somme battle, a liberating army of British, American and Canadian troops took back than 500,000 people were killed, New_______(58)from another German invasion. More_______ (59) were built. Two great conflicts across two generations helped to change the European mind about war. Germany, once the most warlike country in Europe, is now probably more in_______ (60) of peace than any other. One major cause of war in Europe was rivalry(竞争)between France and Germany. The European Union was specifically formed to end that ________ (61). According to US commentator William Pfaff, “Europeans are interested in a slow development of civilized and tolerant international relations, _______ (62) on problems while avoiding catastrophes(灾难) along the way. They have themselves only recently________(63)from the catastrophes of VVWI and WWI I, when tens of millions of people were destroyed. They don’t want_______(64). ” The last British veteran of the Somme battle died in 2005, aged 108. And WWI is passing out of memory and into history. But for anyone who wants to understand how Europeans _________ (65), it is still important to know a little about the terrible events of July 1, 1916. 51 A since B because C as D for 52 A aggression B anxiety C pressure D resistance 53 A where B which C why D that 54 A find B look for C seek D look at 55 A among B on C in D between 56 A makes B brings C gives D adds 57 A into B to C in D against 58 A America B Britain Canada D France 59 A monuments B graveyards C tablets D gravestones 60 A hatred B suspicion C favor D fear 61 A war B rivalry C battle D revenge 62 A compromising B confronting C attacking D fighting 63 A repeated B recovered C repaired D relaxed 64 A much B many C more D less 65 A behave B assume C know D think 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 : 第一部分词汇选项题 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 D A D A D A C C D C B A B D B 第三部分概括大意与完成句子 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 F B C E F A B C 第四部分阅读理解 第一篇Political Spins 31 32 33 34 35 B D A C D 第二篇 A tale of Scottish rural life 36 37 38 39 40 D D B A C 第三篇 Centers of the great European cities 41 42 43 44 45 C D D B A 第五部分补全短文 46 47 48 49 2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(B级) 真题 北京中考数学真题pdf四级真题及答案下载历年四级真题下载证券交易真题下载资料分析真题下载 及答案 第1部分:词汇选项(第1,15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为 接近的选项。 1 Will you please call my husband as soon as possible, A visit B phone C consult D invite 2 We had a long conversationabout her parents. A speech B question C talk D debate 3 The chairman proposedthat we stop the meeting. A stated B announced C demanded D suggested 4 Obviously these people can be relied onin a crisis. A lived on B depended on C believed in D joined in 5 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record. A beats B maintains C matches D tries 6 All the pupils seem to be very cheerful. A happy B healthy C naughty D busy 7 The traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floor. A laid B displayed C kept D stored 8 She stood there，shaking with fury. A misery B laughter C anger D cry 9 Mary evidently is the most diligentstudent among us A intelligent B beautiful C talkative D hardworking 10 Persistent attempts to interview Garbo were fruitless. A Forceful B Reasonable C Continuous D Firm 11 Why can't you stop your eternal complaining, A everlasting B long C temporary D boring 12 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. A shaken B damaged C fallen D jumped 13 These paintings are considered by many to be authentic. A faithful B royal C genuine D sincere 14 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. A attraction B simplicity C power D rigor 15 Ten years after the event，her death still remains a puzzle A mist B fog C mystery D secret 第2部分:阅读判断(第16,22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该 句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果 该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C. Radiocarbon Dating Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon(放射性碳)，or carbon-14，dating. One key to understanding how and by something happened is to discover when it happened. Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at he University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon，called carbon-12，has six protons(中子)and six neutrons(质子) in its nucleus. Carbon-14，or C-14， is a radioactive，unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons(原子核)。It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay(衰减)。This process involves the loss of he extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus. In Libby's radiocarbon dating technique，the weak radioactive emissions(放射)from his decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. he decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated. Carbon-14 is produced in the Earth's atmosphere when nitrogen(氮)-14，or N-14， interacts with cosmic rays(宇宙射线)。Scientists believe since the Earth was formed， the mount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently，C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50，000 years. All life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子)that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues(组织)。Once an organism(有机体) dies it tops taking in carbon in any form，and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases，and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating，the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample，the older that sample is. 16 Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50，000 years. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The C-14 in an organism begins to decay when it dies A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 The half-life of C-14 is about 25，000 years. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23,30题，每题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23,26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1,4 段每段1选择个最佳标题;(2)第27,30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确 定1个最佳选项。 Chimpanzees 1 Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)will soon be extinct(灭绝)。If the present rate of hunting and habitat(栖息地)destruction continues，then within 20 years，there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy (悲剧)。Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications(含 意)for the survival of their distant relatives - human beings. 2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组)match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse，used as model for human disease in lab tests，which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact，chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically，chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority(优先)。But there is another，more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. 3 The chimpanzees' trump card(王牌)comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医)often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular，chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting. 4 For example，chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV，the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed，their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant. 5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到)the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans，scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This，they hope，will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration(改变)of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach. 23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 A Reasons for HIV resistance B Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans C Effective AIDS treatment D Genetic similarities between chimps and humans E Chimps' resistance to HIV F Genetic differences between chimps and humans 27 Chimpanzee extinction may affect 28 There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and 29 Scientists suspect that genes.PlaY a significant role in protecting chimps from getting 30 The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to A some human disease treatments B some diseases C human survival D human genomes E key areas F healthier lifestyle 第4部分:阅读理解(第31,45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选 项。 第一篇 Water The second most important constituent(构成成份)of the biosphere(生物圈)is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures，since water freezes at0? and boils at100?。 Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range. The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately，but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans - about 97 per cent. The rest is fresh，but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains， and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fractional which is somewhat less than one per cent of the whole，there is 10-20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny，but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere. Water vapor in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环)of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated(蒸发)from the surface of the oceans，from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的)earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow，falling on either the sea or the land. There is，as might be expected，a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land，but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans，and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers. 31 Liquid water only exists A in the center of the earth. B on the surface of our planet. C in a very narrow range of temperatures. D in the coastal areas of the earth. 32 The total quantity of water on Earth A remains almost unchanged. B has greatly increased in recent years. C is decreasing constantly. D is affected by global warming. 33 Most of the fresh water on Earth A is stored underground. B is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains. C is found in rivers and lakes. D comes from the rain. 34 The word“fraction”in the second paragraph means A a very small amount. B a large area. C an important system. D a major source of information 35 There is more of rainfall A over the mountains than over the rivers. B over the rivers than over the mountains C over the oceans than over the land. D over the land than over the oceans. 第二篇 Mind-reading Machine A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning(扫描)what's happening in their brains. When you look at something，your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons(神经元)are responsible for this processing. The fMRI(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) (功能性磁振造影)brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at. Like cells anywhere else in your body，active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons，and the more active a neuron is，the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain，the more active its neurons，and in turn，the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI，scientists can visualize(使„显现)which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood - and therefore，which parts are working to process information. An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks，looks at something，or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images，fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images. The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects，like people，animals，and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan，indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see. In a second test，the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before，their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time， the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example，if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test，their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples. 36 What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes, A The magnetic system in the brain. B The central part of the heart. C Oxygen-rich blood. D Neurons in the brain. 37 The function of an fMRI machine is A to show how neutrons take in oxygen-rich blood. B to measure how dense the blood is in the brain. C to record how much oxygen the brain consumes. D to identify which parts of the brain are processing information 38 The expression“highlighting the areas of the brain at work' in paragraph 5 means A giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information. B marking the parts of the brain that are processing information. C putting the parts of the brain to work. D preventing the parts of the brain from working. 39 The researchers experimented on A animals and objects. B fMRI machines. C two volunteers. D thousands of pictures. 40 Which of the following can best replace the title of the passage, A Recent Development in Science and Technology. B Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned. C A Technological Dream. D An Intelligent Robot. 第三篇 Youth Emancipation in Spain The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes， says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth. To coax(劝诱)young people from their homes，the Institute started a“Youth Emancipation(解放)“program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的) labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem，say sociologists(社会学家)。Family ties in south Europe - Italy，Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe，said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report“The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth:Key for Understanding”。 “In general，young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized，”said Minguez. In Spain - especially in the countryside，it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts，uncles，cousins，nieces and nephews(外侄/侄子)all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. “A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist，”said Jose Antonio G6mez Yanez，a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid. Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores(家务)worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso，a 60-year-old in Madrid，has three children in their 20s. The eldest， 28，has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good. “His mum does the wash and cooks for him;in the end，he lives well，”Masso said. 41 The“Youth Emancipation”program aims at helping young people A fight for freedom. B live in an independent way. C fight against social injustice. D get rid of family responsibilities. 42 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in A Finland. B Greece. C Spain. D Italy. 43 Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT A parents' tolerance. B housing problems. C cultural traditions. D unwillingness to get married. 44 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso, A She is 60 years old. B She has a boyfriend. C She has three children. D She lives in Madrid. 45 The phrase“wary of”in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by A tired of. B afraid of. C cautious about. D worried about. 第5部分:补全短文(第46,50题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Reduce Packaging Pressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign. (46)Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries. (47)When returned bottles are put in a vending machine(自动售货机)，the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this. There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. (48) In response to a campaign by Britain's The Independent newspaper，leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. (49) But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti-waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden，non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. (50)In Germany， plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles. A In Belgium，when you buy something in a plastic or glass container，you make a deposit. B This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying. C This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. D Tesco said it was saving 112，000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates(装货箱)for transporting its fresh produce. E The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. F If a product is over-packaged，don't buy it. 第6部分:完形填空(第51,55题，每题1分，共15分) 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。 Taking a Nap during the Day Medical experts say most Americans do not get enough sleep. They say more Americans need to (51)for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly (52)continuing with other activities. One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of (53)disease. The study followed more than 2，300 Greek adults (54)about six years. Adults who rested for half an hour at least three times a week had a 37 percent lower (55)of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap. Study organizers said the strongest (56)was in working men. They said naps might improve health by mitigating(减低)tension (57)by work. Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the idea of (58) for many years. They urge(催促)people to (59)work，go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States，some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces mistakes and accidents，and also (60)the amount of work a person can do. Sleep experts say it is likely that people (61)more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not carry out important duties (62)they feel sleepy. And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is all you (63)。Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your (64)until the end of the day. But experts (65) that a nap should last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be difficult. 51 A work B wait C live D rest 52 A between B before C besides D during 53 A heart B brain C mind D liver 54 A on B at C for D with 55 A risk B end C order D part 56 A view B argument C protest D evidence 57 A reduced B broken C caused D sensed 58 A napping B walking C working D learning 59 A repeat B improve C change D leave 60 A increases B corrects C repeats D realizes 61 A take B make C do D bring 62 A because B when C although D since 63 A forget B hope C need D admire 64 A position B pressure C demand D effectiveness 65 A warn B see C doubt D promise 【参考答案】 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 C 11 A 12 B 13 C 14 A 15 C 16 A 17 B 18 B 19 C 20 A 21 A 22 C 23 B 24 D 25 F 26 E 27 C 28 D 29 B 30 A 31 C 32 A 33 B 34 A 35 D 36 D 37 D 38 B 39 C 40 B 41 B 42 A 43 D 44 B 45 C 46 E 47 A 48 B 49 D 50 C 51 D 52 B 53 A 54 C 55 A 56 D 57 C 58 A 59 D 60 A 61 B 62 B 63 C 64 D 65 A