水稻栽培技术指导方案

水稻栽培技术指导 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 水稻栽培技术指导方案 一、 浸种催芽的方法 浸种催芽方法严格按照包装袋说明进行，先用强氯精,1公斤种子用4克强氯精,，2公斤水浸种:早稻,用温水,浸种8,10小时，单、双晚稻浸种6,8小时，清洗干净后日浸夜露至破胸，注意防止高温“烧芽”。注意陈种一次连续浸泡时间不能超过10小时，否则会影响种子芽率。 二、 肥水运筹 ?施肥 氮肥施用原则是:前重、中控、后补施肥法。亩产500公斤的稻田纯氮不少于10公斤，亩产600公斤的稻田纯氮不少于12.5公斤，亩产650公斤以上的稻田纯氮不少于15公斤，氮、磷、钾肥配合施用，氮、磷、钾比例虽因不同土质而异，但大致比例为1:0.7:1，并尽量增施有机肥。氮肥总用量的70%做基肥，移栽活蔸后每亩追施5—8公斤尿素促分蘖。孕穗至破口期每亩追施3—5公斤尿素作穗粒肥，效果非常明显。以增穗和提高结实率为主攻目标，采取多穗途径取得高产。 ?管水 ? 寸水返青:秧苗移栽活蔸后，稻田保持1,2寸深水层。移栽后遇低温，则白天灌浅水，晚上灌深水层。 ? 浅水促分蘖:水稻移栽返青后，浅灌1寸左右，并适度排水露田，有利于提高土壤温度，增加土壤通透性，健根壮体，早促分蘖。 ? 苗足晒田:待大田进入分蘖末期，为了控制后期无效分蘖，及时放水晒田，一般采取多次露田和轻晒相结合的方法，施肥过多、稻苗生长过旺及泥脚深的田块重晒。 ? 有水孕穗、抽穗:幼穗分化前期复水至抽穗保持田间浅水层。 ? 干湿壮籽:抽穗后应采取干湿交替灌溉，泥浆管理，结合多次晒田，以提高泥温，增加土壤通透性。 planning, and government financing, and whole village relocation, and first built Hou split" of principles, insisted big community planning, and large district transformation, break administrative divisions boundaries, optimization town spatial structure, speed up new Community construction, formed new community live building, and intensive with ground project, and enterprise tax insurance running, and Expand employment and improve people's livelihood shed changed economic chain. The second, on poverty relief and development work in this battle the mission objectives for poverty alleviation in the file are already quite clear, was the previous two years (2016-2017) concentrated hard, three years after (2018-2020), consolidation and improvement, by the end of 2017, the County ... ... A poor village and ... ... Library district all "pick hat" and "five-ten", ... ... All the rural poor out of poverty, stability to achieve "two worry about three". To accomplish these tasks, win the battle for poverty alleviation, the key is to find out the way, selecting the right breakthrough, effectiveness in order to work on. (A) to accurately identify objects for poverty alleviation. XI General Secretary noted that the critical time of poverty lies in precision. How to do accurate? ' first task is to do basic work solid. Total demand is down to village, household, persons, County, town, and village books, card 三、 田间管理 ?分蘖期管理: ? 保持田间湿润，促进分蘖:抛秧时田水宜浅，花皮水即可。秧苗扎根后田间可间隙灌溉，湿润促分蘖。 ? 及时中耕除草:为节省劳力可合理施用除草剂，但要根据水稻不同移栽方式选用专用除草剂，切不可错用。 ? 看苗追肥，促进生长均衡:旱地育的秧分蘖力强，应防止分蘖过盛，一般在施足基肥的情况下分蘖期不宜再施追肥。若田底瘦，基肥少，秧苗长的不壮，应早施少施速效肥料，氮、磷、钾、锌配合。不可多施、迟施，不可偏氮肥。 ?幼穗分化期的管理: ? 合理施用穗肥:在播后60天左右，应适量施一次穗肥，穗肥要氮、磷、钾配合,一亩总用量不超过10市斤,。若脚叶大量落黄还要喷施少量硫酸锌,三两兑水100斤喷一亩,。在出穗前半个月,亮苞前,，若田底肥力不足，秧稞黄而不青，宜少量施一次保花肥，以磷、钾为主少配氮肥，一亩总用量不超过5市斤。若植株生长青秀则不可施保花肥。 ? 保持水层灌溉:幼穗分化到出穗期，田间要保持一寸多水层，有利稻株吸收养分，也有利于稳定田间温度。 ?开花到成熟期的管理: a) 合理灌溉，适时排水:灌溉前期田间仍应保持浅水层。进入蜡熟期后水稻生理需水要求下降，土壤水分达到饱和状态,湿润,就能满足需要，到收获前一周田间断水。 b) 适时合理补施粒肥:从开花到灌浆结实要经过四十多天的时间，这时谷粒增重很快，应增施粒肥，用谷粒壮两少许尿素兑100市斤喷雾，以缓和叶片枯萎速度，使出穗后同化作用提高，以利谷粒充实。此时若植株叶色正常切切不可再施肥料。 四、 病虫害防治 ?水稻主要病害及防治 水稻在生长发育过程中，由于受温、光、水、风等气象因素和土壤、品种、前茬、肥水管理、周围作物等综合因素的影响，导致病虫害的发生，因此病虫害的planning, and government financing, and whole village relocation, and first built Hou split" of principles, insisted big community planning, and large district transformation, break administrative divisions boundaries, optimization town spatial structure, speed up new Community construction, formed new community live building, and intensive with ground project, and enterprise tax insurance running, and Expand employment and improve people's livelihood shed changed economic chain. The second, on poverty relief and development work in this battle the mission objectives for poverty alleviation in the file are already quite clear, was the previous two years (2016-2017) concentrated hard, three years after (2018-2020), consolidation and improvement, by the end of 2017, the County ... ... A poor village and ... ... Library district all "pick hat" and "five-ten", ... ... All the rural poor out of poverty, stability to achieve "two worry about three". To accomplish these tasks, win the battle for poverty alleviation, the key is to find out the way, selecting the right breakthrough, effectiveness in order to work on. (A) to accurately identify objects for poverty alleviation. XI General Secretary noted that the critical time of poverty lies in precision. How to do accurate? ' first task is to do basic work solid. Total demand is down to village, household, persons, County, town, and village books, card 防治要坚持“预防为主，综合防治”的原则。 ?水稻稻瘟病防治 可分为苗瘟、叶瘟、穗颈瘟等，危害水稻各部位。水稻整个生育期都有发生，病斑主要有两种:一是急性型病斑，病发时，病斑呈暗绿色，多数近圆形或椭圆形，斑上密生青灰霉层;二是慢性型病斑，病斑为梭形，或长梭形，外围有黄色晕圈，内部为褐色，中心灰白色，有褐色坏色线贯穿病斑并向两头延伸，这是本病的一个重要特征，穗颈瘟常在穗下第一节穗颈上发生淡褐色或绿色的变色部分，影响结实，形成白穗、枯穗;分枝或小枝也可发病，影响病枝结实，又称“枝梗瘟”。 主要预防措施: ?按水稻需肥规律，采用配方施肥技术，后期做到干湿交替，促进稻叶老熟，增强抗病力。 ?施药适期:秧田在发病初用药;本田分蘖开始，每3天调查一次，主要查看植株上部3片叶，如发现发病中心或叶上急性病斑，即应施药防治;预防穗瘟，根据病情预报，多肥田为对象，掌握破口期,个别抽穗,时打药。 ?施药类型和剂量:抓住关键时期，适时用药。早抓叶瘟，狠治穗瘟。发病初 期每亩用2%春蕾霉素50克杜邦万兴水剂30克，加水50,60公斤喷雾。叶瘟要连防2,3次，穗瘟要着重在抽穗期进行保护，特别是在孕穗期,破肚期,和齐穗期是防治适期。 ?水稻稻曲病的防治 水稻稻曲病又名谷黄，又称伪黑穗病、绿黑穗病、谷花病、青粉病，俗称“丰产果”。该病只发生于穗部，危害部分谷粒。受害谷粒内形成菌丝块渐膨大，内外颖裂开，露出淡黄色块状物，即孢子座，后包于内外颖两侧，呈黑绿色，初外包一层薄膜，后破裂，散生墨绿色粉末，即病菌的厚垣孢子，有的两侧生黑色扁平菌核，风吹雨打易脱落。全国各稻区均有发生。在八十年代之前，该病为零星发生，熟次要病害。九十年代以来，由于密粒直立型高产水稻品种的大面积推广，单季稻熟制的扩大，施肥水平偏高和不合理，尤其是单季稻孕穗期至抽穗期多雨适温的频率较高，致使稻曲病的发生面积逐年增加，为害日益加重，已成为我省水稻的主要病害。 planning, and government financing, and whole village relocation, and first built Hou split" of principles, insisted big community planning, and large district transformation, break administrative divisions boundaries, optimization town spatial structure, speed up new Community construction, formed new community live building, and intensive with ground project, and enterprise tax insurance running, and Expand employment and improve people's livelihood shed changed economic chain. The second, on poverty relief and development work in this battle the mission objectives for poverty alleviation in the file are already quite clear, was the previous two years (2016-2017) concentrated hard, three years after (2018-2020), consolidation and improvement, by the end of 2017, the County ... ... A poor village and ... ... Library district all "pick hat" and "five-ten", ... ... All the rural poor out of poverty, stability to achieve "two worry about three". To accomplish these tasks, win the battle for poverty alleviation, the key is to find out the way, selecting the right breakthrough, effectiveness in order to work on. (A) to accurately identify objects for poverty alleviation. XI General Secretary noted that the critical time of poverty lies in precision. How to do accurate? ' first task is to do basic work solid. Total demand is down to village, household, persons, County, town, and village books, card 稻曲病只在穗部发病，一般在水稻开花至乳熟期发病，受侵染的谷粒，病菌在颖壳内生长，形成直径为1厘米左右的“稻曲”代替米粒。稻曲病病菌萌发、发育的最适宜温度为26,28度，34度以上或12度以下病菌不能生长。稻曲病病菌可侵染水稻的花和幼颖。病菌侵染的主要时期为水稻孕穗中期，破口扬花后则很少侵入。在孕穗末期至水稻抽穗期，如遇到湿度大，温度适宜，日夜温差小的气候条件，极有利于该病的发生流行，是典型的气候型病害。同时该病在品种之间的抗性有明显的差异。该病的发生与施氮肥不合理呈正相关，氮肥偏多，水稻中后期生长嫩绿的田块，发病越重。 稻曲病的防治一直困扰着农民和农技人员，要彻底根治稻曲病必须走综合防治之路。首先是选用抗病品种;其次是合理施肥，增施磷、钾肥，改传统的施肥方法为平衡促进法，同时合理灌水，建立适群体、壮个体的高产群体;第三是提倡适时施药预防，经研究 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 明，稻曲病的预防适期为破口前5,7天,即剑叶抽出至三分之一时,和破口期。一般预防1,2次，在水稻孕穗期和破口抽穗期喷药两次，可有效防治稻曲病，药剂可选用杜邦万兴兑水60公斤还可兼治水稻叶尖枯病、云形病、纹枯病等。 ?水稻纹枯病的防治: 病菌主要以菌核在土壤中越冬，也能以菌丝体在病残体上或在田间杂草等其它寄主上越冬。此病自苗期到抽穗后都可发生，一般以分蘖盛、末期至抽穗期发病为盛，尤以抽穗期前后发病更烈，主要侵害叶鞘和叶片，严重时可为害穗部和深入到茎内部。在田间，发病严重时一般矮秆阔叶品种常造成枯蔸，全耸立地枯死，全田稻株呈“癞头”状，中、高秆品种常造成植株贴地倒伏。 防治方法: ? 打捞菌核，减少菌源。 ? 加强栽培管理，施足基肥，追肥早施，不可偏施氮肥，增施磷、钾肥，采用配方施肥技术，要掌握“前浅、中晒、后湿润”的原则。 ? 药剂防治。抓住防治适期，分蘖后期病穴率达15%即施药，药剂防治同稻曲病。 ?水稻恶苗病的防治: 恶苗病又称徒长病。从苗期到抽穗期均可发生。恶苗病菌寄生或附着在种子上，planning, and government financing, and whole village relocation, and first built Hou split" of principles, insisted big community planning, and large district transformation, break administrative divisions boundaries, optimization town spatial structure, speed up new Community construction, formed new community live building, and intensive with ground project, and enterprise tax insurance running, and Expand employment and improve people's livelihood shed changed economic chain. The second, on poverty relief and development work in this battle the mission objectives for poverty alleviation in the file are already quite clear, was the previous two years (2016-2017) concentrated hard, three years after (2018-2020), consolidation and improvement, by the end of 2017, the County ... ... A poor village and ... ... Library district all "pick hat" and "five-ten", ... ... All the rural poor out of poverty, stability to achieve "two worry about three". To accomplish these tasks, win the battle for poverty alleviation, the key is to find out the way, selecting the right breakthrough, effectiveness in order to work on. (A) to accurately identify objects for poverty alleviation. XI General Secretary noted that the critical time of poverty lies in precision. How to do accurate? ' first task is to do basic work solid. Total demand is down to village, household, persons, County, town, and village books, card 种子带菌和病稻草是恶苗病发病的主要原因。重病种子往往不能发芽，或萌发后不久幼苗即可死亡。轻病的种子长出的病苗徒长，比健株高出三分之一，植株细弱，全株呈黄绿色，根系发育不良，部分病苗在插秧前后死亡。 防治方法:种子消毒处理是防治恶苗病的重要措施，用多菌灵或强氯精浸种。 ?水稻细条性条斑病的防治: 属水稻检疫性病害，主要为害叶片，病斑初为褐色水渍状小点，后扩大成赤褐色条斑，严重时远望一片红褐色，仔细观察可看到半透明的条斑症状，到后期变为黄白色，与白叶枯病相似，最后叶片枯死。 防治方法: ? 种子消毒，同稻瘟病。 ? 秧田要搞好水浆管理，严防淹苗，在三叶一心期和移栽前打药预防;水稻拔节后对感病品种要及时检查，如发现发病中心，应立即施药防治。用25%叶枯宁可湿性粉剂，每亩100克兑水喷雾。 ?南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治: 水稻黑条矮缩病是由灰飞虱传播的病毒引起的，又称侏儒病。我省水稻黑条矮缩病有两种:普通黑条矮缩病和南方黑条矮缩病。我省大部分地区所发生的属后者。近年来随着毒源地的扩大，发病地区和面积发病率不断上升，渐已成为水稻的主要病害之一。发病严重的损失达70%以上。 a)症状: ? 水稻秧苗期感染病菌后，秧苗明显矮缩，叶片短阔，浓绿。 ? 大田分蘖期感病，成丛矮缩，分蘖增多，叶片僵直，心叶抽生缓慢，心叶破叶鞘而出，叶片弯曲皱缩，叶背有蜡质白条与周围健株有明显对比。 ? 抽穗灌浆阶段感病，剥开叶鞘后，茎杆表面有白色的蜡质凸起，后变茶褐色。 水稻发病后，病株大多矮缩枯死，个别株虽能抽穗，但穗头十分矮小，秕粒多，形成中心株，使其周围各株均有不同程度的感染，南方黑条矮缩病后期还有气生根。 b)病源: 简称RBSDV 称稻黑条矮缩病毒。 planning, and government financing, and whole village relocation, and first built Hou split" of principles, insisted big community planning, and large district transformation, break administrative divisions boundaries, optimization town spatial structure, speed up new Community construction, formed new community live building, and intensive with ground project, and enterprise tax insurance running, and Expand employment and improve people's livelihood shed changed economic chain. The second, on poverty relief and development work in this battle the mission objectives for poverty alleviation in the file are already quite clear, was the previous two years (2016-2017) concentrated hard, three years after (2018-2020), consolidation and improvement, by the end of 2017, the County ... ... A poor village and ... ... Library district all "pick hat" and "five-ten", ... ... All the rural poor out of poverty, stability to achieve "two worry about three". To accomplish these tasks, win the battle for poverty alleviation, the key is to find out the way, selecting the right breakthrough, effectiveness in order to work on. (A) to accurately identify objects for poverty alleviation. XI General Secretary noted that the critical time of poverty lies in precision. How to do accurate? ' first task is to do basic work solid. Total demand is down to village, household, persons, County, town, and village books, card c)发生规律: 以山区发生为主，湖区和空旷地域相对较少，不同品种抗性有差异，,金优、威优、T优系列品种较易感病,，同一品种不同的播期也有差异。 d)防治方法: ? 选用抗病品种。清除田边杂草，压低虫源、毒病。 ? 种子消毒处理，用20%施暴菌500倍液浸种，代替强氯精。 ? 秧田防治:在秧苗期3—4叶期每亩用20%施暴菌,浙江东风农药厂,60克喷雾一次，播种时用大地春拌种,每公斤种子拌药15克,。 ? 在基肥和分蘖期施用速溶硅肥，提高水稻抗病虫能力。 大田防治:?、分蘖期发病，先将大田水排干，每亩用20%施暴菌60—90克加谷粒壮等叶面肥喷雾1—2次，等大田开拆后复水。?、幼穗分化期每亩用20%施暴菌60—90克加杜邦万兴喷雾。以上方法处理后，3—4天一般病株即可康复。 ?水稻主要虫害及防治措施 危害水稻的害虫主要有稻纵卷叶螟、螟虫和稻飞虱。一般采取扑杀母蛾、消除越冬成虫、杀死幼卵、防治幼虫的措施。稻纵卷叶螟的防治适期在2龄幼虫高峰 ,6天施药。 期，二化螟采取“狠治一代，挑治二代”的策略，在螟卵孵化高峰后5 ?稻飞虱,褐飞虱、白背飞虱、灰飞虱,:外形象极小的蝉，口呈针状，卵成块产于叶鞘或叶脉两侧的脉间。 药剂防治及使用:啶虫咪5%可湿性粉剂，每亩20克兑水60公斤喷雾。 ?水稻螟虫 二化螟:为害水稻，造成枯心、枯鞘、半枯穗、死孕穗、白穗和虫伤株等症状。 药剂防治:选用杜邦普尊，每亩30毫升，兑水60公斤喷雾。 ?稻纵卷叶螟:以幼虫缀丝纵卷水稻叶片成虫苞，幼虫匿居其中取食叶肉，仅留表皮，形成白色条斑，致水稻千粒重降低，秕粒增加，造成减产。 药剂防治:防治应做到适时用药，以第2、3龄幼虫高峰期用药为宜。可用杜邦凯恩，每亩14毫升，兑水60公斤喷雾。应选择晴天的早晨、下午或阴天用药。 planning, and government financing, and whole village relocation, and first built Hou split" of principles, insisted big community planning, and large district transformation, break administrative divisions boundaries, optimization town spatial structure, speed up new Community construction, formed new community live building, and intensive with ground project, and enterprise tax insurance running, and Expand employment and improve people's livelihood shed changed economic chain. The second, on poverty relief and development work in this battle the mission objectives for poverty alleviation in the file are already quite clear, was the previous two years (2016-2017) concentrated hard, three years after (2018-2020), consolidation and improvement, by the end of 2017, the County ... ... A poor village and ... ... Library district all "pick hat" and "five-ten", ... ... All the rural poor out of poverty, stability to achieve "two worry about three". To accomplish these tasks, win the battle for poverty alleviation, the key is to find out the way, selecting the right breakthrough, effectiveness in order to work on. (A) to accurately identify objects for poverty alleviation. XI General Secretary noted that the critical time of poverty lies in precision. How to do accurate? ' first task is to do basic work solid. Total demand is down to village, household, persons, County, town, and village books, card