祈使句讲解和练习

祈使句 一.祈使句的句式特征 祈使句常常是 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。 例如:Keep off the grass!勿踩草地! Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。 二.祈使句的肯定句式 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型: 1.行为动词原形+其它成分。 例如:Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。 Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。 小试牛刀:this way, please. 请这边走。 home at once. 马上回家去。 2. Be动词+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。 例如:Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 小试牛刀: . The baby is sleeping.安静,宝宝正在睡觉。 3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分。 例如:Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。 Let me have a rest. 让我休息一会儿吧。 Let us help you. 让我们帮助你吧。 小试牛刀:Let there together. 我们一起去吧。 Let the work. 让他来做这工作。 三.祈使句的否定句式 祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never,一般分为以下四种类型: 1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t,构成『Don’t+行为动词原形+其它成分』。 例如:Don’t say that again!别再那样说了! 2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t,构成『Don’t be+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)』。注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。 例如:Don’t be careless.不要粗心。 3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。 (2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s后加not。 例如:Don’t let me go with her tomorrow.=Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。 Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。 4.在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用『No+名词/V-ing形式』结构,表示『禁止做某事』。例如: NO Photos!禁止拍照!No Entry禁止入内! No Passing禁止通行! No Smoking禁止吸烟! 1 小试牛刀:改为否定句 Please cut me a piece of cake. Wait a minute, please. Be quite. Let’s hurry. 四.祈使句的反意问句 祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式: 1.祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’ t you。 例如:Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信,好吗? Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗? 2.祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。 例如:Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟,好吗? 3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shall we外,其它均用will you。 例如:Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走,好吗? Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步,好吗? 小试牛刀:Turn on the TV, ? 把电视打开,好吗? Tell me the truth, ? 告诉我实话,好吗? Let me know, ? 告诉我,好吗? Let’s go swimming together, ? 我们一起去游泳好吗? 五.祈使句的应答句 祈使句的动作是未发生的动作,常用I will.来回答其肯定式,表示愿意接受请求或命令,用I won't.来回答其否定式。另外,常用All right. / OK. / Yes, let's... / A good idea.等来回答Let's...句式,表示接受建议;用You may. / You can.等来回答Let us...句式,表示允许或同意。 [原题再现] 答案: ① C ② B ① -Let's go swimming, shall we? - ________. A. It's my pleasure B. It doesn't matter C. Yes, let's go D. I agree with you ② -Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. - ________. A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't 六.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用 祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。考查"祈使句(或名词词组)+ and(或or)+ 简单句"这一固定句型。 例如:Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。 Hurry up, or we’ll be late.快点,否则我们要迟到了。 [原题再现] 答案: ① A ② A ① -English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it? -Yes. ________more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known ② Let's keep to the point or we ________ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached 七.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用 祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。 例如:Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。 八.祈使句的强调形式 祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。 例如:Do shut up!快住口!Do be careful. 务请小心。Do come on time. 务必请准时来。 九.特殊形式的祈使句 在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。 例如:More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. 如果你给那小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了。 =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died. 十.运用祈使句的误区 1、祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中,如果稍不留神,就会出错。因此,要认真审题,认真分析句子结构,并根据上下文语境,作出正确判断。 例如:___________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check 析:如果空白处选填B(Check)项,则视为祈使句,但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接;如选A或D 项(分词或不定式),句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作,故均不符合句子结构。因此,只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意。 2. 考查祈使句型与非谓语动词作状语的辨别能力 注意标点符号(如破折号)的功能,牢记常见祈使句的结构,排除非谓语动词的干扰(非谓语动词提前作状语,常用逗号与后面分开,表示时间、原因、条件、目的等)。 [原题再现] 答案: A I've never seen anyone run so fast - ________David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 一、将以下祈使句改为否定式: 1. Come here early. 2. Ask him. 3. Please wait for her. 4. Read the book carefully. 5. Sit under the tree, please. 6.Let’s go there together. 二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be )lat e. 2. ____________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping. 3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite. 4. ____________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud. 5. ____________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry. 6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming. 7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like. 8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry. 9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold. 10. Let’s ____________ (not, say) anything about it. 三、选择最佳答案填空: ( )1. If you are tired, ______ a rest. A. have B. having C. to have D. had ( )2. ______ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let B. let do C. Doing let D. To do let ( )3. He is not honest. ______ believe him. A. Not B. Don’t C. To not D. Not to ( )4. If you want to stay, let me know, ______? A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we ( )5. Never come late again, ______? A. will you B. won’t C. do y ou D. does he ( )6._____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train. A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got ( )7._____ in the street. It’s dangerous. A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t play D. Don’t to play ( )8. Please ______ me some money, will you? A. lend B. lending C. to lend D. be lend ( )9. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated. A. be B.are C. is D. being ( )10. _____ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept ( )11.Her doctor said: “________ work so hard” A Stop B Don’t C Can’t D No ( )12. Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clo ck A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure ( )13.________ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful ( )14. ________him the secret, will you? A Don’t tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling ( )15. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Don’t read C Don’t to read D Not read ( )16. ________ Your child. We’ll look after him. A N ot to worry about B Don’t worry about C Not worry for D Don’t worry with ( )17.They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest? A not they B do not they C don’t they D not to ( )18 --You look rather tired. ________ stopping to have a rest? -- All right. A Why not B How about C Why not to D.why don’t ( ) 19 ______ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never ( )20.Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard. A not B don’t C aren’t D can’t 1-5 AABAA 6-10 BCAAA 11-15BDCAB 16-20BCBDB