【BS英国标准】BS EN 847-1-1997 木工工具.安全要求.铣工具和环状圆盘锯刀片.doc

【BS英国标准】BS EN 847-1-1997 木工工具.安全要求.铣工具和环状圆盘锯刀片.doc | BS EN BRITISH STANDARD | | |847-1 : 1997 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Tools for | | | | | |woodworking Ð | | | | | | |requirements |Safety | | | | | | |Part 1. Milling tools and circular | | |saw blades | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |The European Standard EN 847-1 : 1997 has the status of a | |British Standard | | | | | | | | | ICS 79.120.20 | | || | | | | | |NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW | | | 1997 BS EN 847-1 : National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 847-1 : 1997. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MTE/23, Woodworking machines, which has the responsibility to: ? aid enquirers to understand the text; ? present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; ? monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled `International Standards Correspondence Index', or by using the `Find' facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 28, an inside back cover and a back cover. This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Amd. No. Date Text affected Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 December 1997 BSI 1997 ISBN 0 580 28357 7 EN 847-1EUROPEAN STANDARD  NORME EUROPEENNE È May 1997EUROPAISCHE NORM ICS 79.120.10 Descriptors: Woodworking machinery, power-operated tools, milling cutters, blades, circular saws, safety, accident prevention, hazards, specifications, design, definitions, marking English version Tools for woodworking Ð Safety requirements Ð Part 1: Milling tools and circular saw blades Outils pour le travail du bois Ð Prescriptions de È r Holzbearbeitung Ð Maschinen-Werkzeuge fuse curite РPartie 1: Outils de fraisage, lames de scies Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen Ð circulaires Teil 1: FraÈ s- und Hobelwerkzeuge, KreissaÈ geblaÈ tter This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-03-19. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation EuropaÈ isches Komitee fuÈ r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN Ð All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 847-1 : 1997 E Page 2 EN 847-1 : 1997 Foreword Contents This European Standard has been prepared by Page Technical Committee CEN/TC 142, Woodworking machines Ð Safety, of which the Secretariat is held by Foreword 2 BSI. Introduction 4 This European Standard shall be given the status of a 1 Scope 4 national standard, either by publication of an identical 2 Normative references 4 text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be 3 Definitions 4 withdrawn at the latest by November 1997. 3.1 milling tool for woodworking 4 This European Standard has been prepared under a 3.2 circular saw blade (woodworking) 4 mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and 3.3 one piece tool 4 supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). 3.4 composite tool (tipped tool) 4 Organizations contributing to the preparation of this 3.5 complex tool 4 European standard include the Comite Europe en de 3.6 tool set 5 l'Outillage (CEO). 3.7 body 5 This European Standard also includes annex A describing the rig for the testing of kickback behaviour 3.8 cutting part 5 of milling tools for hand feed and annex B giving cutting diameter d(cutting radius r) 3.9 5 1 1guidance to the manufacturer on information which shall be supplied to the user, concerning safe working 3.10 deflector 5 practices to be employed. 3.11 cutting blade projection t 5 Detailed drawings for the test rig (see annex A.1) and 3.12 clamping length L 5 the reference tool can be acquired from the CEN radial cutting edge projection c 3.13 5 members (i.e. the national standards institutes). r axial cutting edge projection c 3.14 5 All figures in this standard are examples or a explanations. 3.15 round form tool 5 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, 3.16 not round form tool 5 the national standards organizations of the following 3.17 adhesive fixing 5 countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, 3.18 separable fixing 5 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, 3.18.1 friction lock fixing (see figure 3) 5 Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, 3.18.2 form lock fixing (see figure 4) 5 Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 3.19 radial and axial approach flats (see figure 5) 5 3.20 radial approach angle t(see figure 5) 5 r 3.21 axial approach angle t(see figure 5) 5 a 3.22 kickback velocity ratio V/V5 RC 3.23 woodworking machine 7 3.24 similar materials 7 3.25 tools 7 3.26 hand feed 7 3.27 integrated feed 7 3.28 speed range 7 3.29 loading the machine 7 3.30 demountable power feed unit 7 3.31 ejection 8 3.32 kickback 8 BSI 1997 Page 3 EN 847-1 : 1997 4 7 Tool identification 22 Symbols for some cutting material groups 8 7.1 Marking of milling tools for integrated 5 List of hazards 8 feed other than planing and combined planing and thicknessing machines 22 6 Design requirements 8 7.2 Marking of milling tools for machines 6.1 General requirements for milling tools with hand feed other than planing and and circular saw blades 8 combined planing and thicknessing 6.1.1 Safety requirements and/or measures 8 machines 22 6.1.2 Separable fixing 9 7.3 Marking of milling tools for planing and combined planing and thicknessing 6.1.2.1 Form lock fixing and friction lock fixing 9 machines 22 7.4 Marking of shank mounted tools 22 6.1.2.2 Clamping parts 9 7.5 Marking of circular saw blades 22 6.1.3 Overspeed test for complex tools 9 7.6 Marking of cutting components and 6.1.3.1 Test conditions 9 deflectors 22 6.1.3.2 Test procedure 9 8 Information 23 6.1.4 Cutting blade thickness and minimum Annexes clamping length 9 A (normative) Kickback test on a 6.1.4.1 One piece or composite cutting blades 9 standard test rig 24 6.1.4.2 One piece hardmetal (HW, HC) cutting A.1 Test rig 24 blades 10 A.2 Spindle moulding machine 24 6.1.5 Dimensions and tolerances 10 A.3 Mechanism (see figure A.1) 24 6.1.5.1 Bore tolerances 10 A.4 Installment and calibration 24 6.1.5.2 Hub diameter and tolerances 10 A.5 Automatic machining cycle for the 6.1.6 Handling 13 performance of kickback 24 6.2 Specific requirements for milling tools 13 A.6 Measurements 25 6.2.1 Tools for hand fed machines 13 A.7 Test method 25 6.2.1.1 Tool form 13 A.7.1 Setting 25 6.2.1.2 Cutting egde projection and kickback A.7.2 Test piece (reference 12 in figure A.1) 25 velocity ratio 13 A.7.3 Operator's action 25 6.2.1.3 Gullet width s 14 A.7.4 Number of tests 25 6.2.1.4 Diameter of the body d 14 Approach angles tand t A.8 Evaluation of the results 25 6.2.1.5 14 r a B (normative) Safe working practice 27 6.2.1.6 Milling tool kickback test 17 B.1 Maximum speed 27 6.2.2 Tool sets and extendible tools for hand fed machines 17 B.2 Circular saw blades 27 6.2.3 Prevention of relative rotation of tool B.3 One piece tools 27 set elements 18 B.4 Fastening of tools and tool parts 27 6.2.4 Balance of milling tools 18 B.5 Repair of tools 27 6.2.4.1 Quantities and units 18 6.2.4.2 Dynamic balancing 18 6.2.4.2.1 One piece tools, composite tools and bodies for complex tools other than cutterblocks for planing and combined planing and thicknessing 18 6.2.4.2.2 Bodies of cutterblocks for planing and combined planing and thicknessing machines 18 6.2.4.2.3 Complex tools 18 6.2.4.2.4 Tool sets 18 BSI 1997 Page 4 EN 847-1 : 1997 Introduction ISO 513 Application of hard cutting materials Ð for machining by chip removal The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated Designation of the main groups of in the scope of this standard; in addition, machinery chip removal and groups of shall comply as appropriate with EN 292 for hazards which are not covered by this standard. application The requirements of this standard concern designers, ISO 1940-1 Mechanical vibration; balance quality manufacturers, suppliers and importers of tools for requirements of rigid rotors Ð woodworking machines. Part 1: Determination of permissible This standard also includes information which the residual unbalance manufacturer should provide to the user. ISO 3002-1 Basic quantities in cutting and Besides hazards which may result from inhomogeneity grinding Ð of the material and differing cutting forces during Part 1: Geometry of the active part of processing, other hazards result from high cutting speeds and manual feeding of the workpieces. cutting tools Ð General terms, reference systems, tool and working angles, chip breakers 1 Scope This standard is applicable to all hazards arising from the design and use of tools for woodworking 3 Definitions machines, and describes the methods for the For the purposes of this standard the following elimination or reduction of these hazards by tool definitions apply. design and by the provision of information. Part 1 of the standard deals with milling tools (bore mounted, 3.1 milling tool for woodworking shank mounted, integrated spindle) and circular saw A rotating cutting tool, (e.g. milling cutter, planing blades, but does not cover any hazard related to the cutter, thicknessing cutter) normally having its main strength of shank of shankmounted milling tools. The feed direction perpendicular to its axis of rotation, for hazards are listed in clause 5. This standard does not working various surfaces on wood and similar apply to boring bits, eccentric single router cutters, cutters with cutting circle less than 16 mm and to tools materials through chip removal. used in rotary knife lathes and copying lathes where The cutting edge of the cutting part may be: the hazard of ejection and contact with the tool is ? parallel to the axis of rotation; always prevented by a system of fixed guards and/or ? square to the axis of rotation; or movable guards interlocked with guard-locking and/or self-closing guards. ? a profile which is a combination of the two. The tool may be: 2 Normative references ? a one piece tool; This European Standard incorporates by dated or ? a composite tool; undated reference, provisions from other publications. ? a complex tool; or These normative references are cited at the ? in the form of a tool set. appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent 3.2 circular saw blade (woodworking) amendments to or revisions of any of these publications A rotating cutting tool for cross-cutting or ripping apply to this European Standard only wood and similar materials through chip removal. when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication The tool cuts on its periphery and both flanks referred to applies. simultaneously, and may be: ? a one piece tool; EN 292-1 Safety of machinery Ð Basic ? a composite tool; or concepts, general principles for design Ð ? a complex tool. Part 1: Basic terminology, 3.3 one piece tool methodology Tools without bonded or detachable parts; the bodyEN 292-2 : Safety of machinery Ð Basic and the cutting parts are one piece. 1991 concepts, general priniciples for 3.4 composite tool (tipped tool) design Ð Part 2: Technical priniciples and Tools where the cutting components (tips) are firmly connected to the body by bonding, e.g. welding, specifications brazing, adhesive fixing, etc. EN 292-2/A1 : 1995 3.5 complex tool ISO 286-2 ISO system of limits and fits Ð Tools where one or more of the cutting components Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance (inserts, blades) are exchangeably mounted in a body grades and limit deviations for holes through detachable fixing elements. The cutting and shafts components may be one piece or a composite. BSI 1997 Page 5 EN 847-1 : 1997 3.14 axial cutting edge projection c 3.6 tool set a The distance measured axially between the axial A unit consisting of a number of individual tools cutting edge and the body (see figure 2a) or the clamped together on a carrier. deflector (see figure 2d). 3.7 body 3.15 round form toolThe part of the tool which holds the cutting blades or A tool where the body has a circular shape at any inserts, or on which the cutting parts are formed cross section perpendicular to the rotational axis of (ISO 3002/1). the tool and which performs chip thickness limitation (see figures 2a and 4). 3.8 cutting part 3.16 not round form tool The functional part or parts of the tool each comprised of chip producing elements. The cutting edges, face A tool where chip thickness limitation is performed by and flank are therefore elements of the cutting part. In a deflector (see figure 2b, c, d, e and g) or where a the case of a multi-toothed cutter, each tooth has a cross section of the body is not circular (see figure 2f). cutting part (ISO 3002/1). 3.17 adhesive fixing 3.9 cutting diameter d(cutting radius r) The bonding of the tool components to the body which 1 1prevents their change of position relative to each other. For tools on which various blades can be mounted, the 3.18 separable fixing cutting diameter d(cutting radius r) is the maximum 1 1possible value (see figure 1). 3.18.1 friction lock fixing (see figure 3) A fixing where the relative change of position in a 3.10 deflector radial direction during rotation is prevented only by A projecting part either exchangeably mounted or friction forces. firmly connected by bonding to the body or part of the 3.18.2 form lock fixing (see figure 4) body which performs chip thickness limitation A fixing where the relative change of position in the (see figures 2b, c, d, e and g). radial direction during rotation is prevented by the NOTE. The deflector can also be called a `counter-knife'. form and arrangement of the components. 3.11 cutting blade projection t 3.19 radial and axial approach flats The difference between the radius rof the cutting 1 (see figure 5) circle and the radius rof the back supporting circle, 5 A flat on the radial and/or axial surface of the deflector where t = r2 r(see figure 2). 15 or of the body, in front of the deflector edge. 3.12 clamping length L 3.20 radial approach angle t(see figure 5) r That part of the cutting blade length h which is The angle between the approach flat and the tangent to the deflector circle at the deflector edge or to the clamped to the body (see figure 3). body circle at the point where the radial approach flat 3.13 radial cutting edge projection c rbegins. The difference between the deflector (not round form 3.21 axial approach angle t(see figure 5) a tools) or the body (round form tools) and the cutting The angle between a plane perpendicular to the axis of edge measured in the direction of the normal to the the tool and the axial approach flat. profile (see figures 1 and 2). 3.22 kickback velocity ratio V/V RCNOTE. The cutting edge projections defined in 3.13 and 3.14 are The relation between the speed Vof the ejected also called `chip thickness limitation'. R workpiece and the cutting speed V. C Figure 1. Cutting diameter BSI 1997 Page 6 EN 847-1 : 1997 b) c) In this case r= r 2 sa) d) e) f) g) Figure 2. Deflector a) b) Figure 3. Friction lock fixing BSI 1997 Page 7 EN 847-1 : 1997 a) b) c) Figure 4. Form lock fixing Figure 5. Radial and axial approach flats 3.23 woodworking machine feed 3.26 hand The manual holding and/or guiding of the workpiece or A machine or a combination of machines intended for of a machine element incorporating a tool. Hand feed cutting of wood and similar materials, by chip removal, includes the use of a hand operated carriage on which chipless cutting, sanding, forming, laminating the workpiece is placed manually or clamped and the (including gluing and edging) or joining (see 3.24). use of a demountable power feed unit (see 3.30). It includes equipment for noise and dust control which 3.27 integrated feed is integral with the machine. A feed mechanism for the workpiece or tool which is A `machine' includes also associated auxiliary integrated with the machine and where the workpiece equipment, e.g. power feed units, reversing units, or machine element with incorporated tool are held magazines and hoppers, clamping devices and and controlled mechanically during the machining conveying and lifting equipment. operation. 3.24 similar materials 3.28 speed range Materials with physical and technological The minimum and maximum speeds within which the characteristics similar to those of wood, such as cork, tool spindle or tool is designed to operate. bone, wood based materials such as chipboard, 3.29 loading the machine fibreboard, plywood, etc., and for which the process of The manual or automatic placing of the workpiece machining and chip or particle removal is similar, onto a carriage, magazine, lift, hopper, moveable bed, e.g. rubber, plastic and other stiff material. conveyor or the presentation of the workpiece to an integrated feed device. 3.25 tools 3.30 demountable power feed unit All individual tools and tool sets for the mechanical A feed mechanism which is mounted on the machine removal of chips, e.g. circular saw blades, bandsaw so that it can be moved from its working position blades, milling cutters, chain cutters. Tools also include without the use of a spanner or similar additional devices for forming and shaping or chipless cutting. device. BSI 1997 Page 8 EN 847-1 : 1997 3.31 ejection 6 Design requirements The unexpected movement of the workpiece, parts of 6.1 General requirements for milling tools and it or parts of the machine during processing. circular saw blades 3.32 kickback Tools shall be designed and made of such materials in A particular form of ejection (see 3.31) and is order that they will withstand the forces and loads describing the unexpected movement of the workpiece expected when used and maintained in compliance or parts of it or parts of the machine opposite to the with the manufacturer's instructions. This can be direction of feed during processing. verified by means of the calculation and test procedure described in 6.1.1. 6.1.1 Safety requirements and/or measures 4 Symbols for some cutting material Tools with bore and integrated spindle shall be designed with a safety factor of at least 4 (i.e. twice groups 21 the intended speed) for speeds up to 12000 minand of 2,25 (i.e. 1,5 times the intended speed) for speeds SP Alloyed tool steel (minimum 0,6 % C and no 21over 12000 min. more than 5 % alloy constituents) An overspeed test is required for complex tools, HL High alloyed tool steel (more than 5 % alloy see 6.1.3. units, e.g. 12 % Cr) A load of at least 50 N per mm of cutting edge profile HS High speed steel (more than 12 % total of length shall be assumed. alloying components W, Mo, V, Co) Verification: by checking calculations or using the test HW Uncoated hardmetal on tungsten carbide base procedure described in 6.1.3. (ISO 513) HC Coated hardmetal (ISO 513) ST Stellites DP Polycrystalline diamond (ISO 513) 5 List of hazards Hazard Condition or causes of hazard related to the Corresponding clause of EN 847-1 tool 6.1.6, 8 1.3 Cutting and Cutting hazard when mounting or severing dismounting the tool 6.2.1 Reduction of severity of injury of contact with the tool 6.1.1, 6.1.3, 6.2.3, 7.1, 7.2, B.1, B.3, B.6 1.10 Projection of Disintegration or partial break up to tool parts body Incorrect assembly of tool components 6.1.2, 6.1.4 Movements of blades fixed by friction 6.1.2, 6.1.4 Fly in/out of blades or separate components 6.1.2, 6.1.3 6.1.5.1, 6.2.4 Dynamic unbalance of the tool while rotating Wood kickback when machining 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.2.3, 7.2, annex A Fixing of the tool on the machine spindle 6.1.5.2, 6.2.4, B.5 Modification of position of tool components 6.2.3, B.5.5 5 Vibrations Dynamic unbalance of tool 6.1.5.1, 6.2.4 BSI 1997 Page 9 EN 847-1 : 1997 6.1.2 Separable fixing 6.1.3 Overspeed test for complex tools 6.1.2.1 Form lock and friction lock fixing 6.1.3.1 Test conditions Form lock fixing shall be used for complex tools with The strength of complex tools to withstand the the exception that friction lock fixing may be used in expected centrifugal forces to be seen in use is the following cases: considered proven if, during an overspeed test of a sample tool at speeds: ? for cutting blades used in milling tools for surface 21planing and thicknessing machines whose cutting n= 2 3 nfor nup to 12000 min p max max 21width is at least 150 mm; (nin min); p 21? for cutting blades (except moulding and bevel n= 1,5 3 nfor nover 12000 min p max max 21blades) used in milling tools for machines with (nin min) p integrated feed; the relative displacements of the detachable tool parts ? for tools used in chipping and flaking machines shall at no point be greater than indicated in the test with integrated feed. procedure (see 6.1.3.2). Verification: by checking relevant drawings, Tension elements shall be tightened to the torque measurement and visual inspection of the tool. figure indicated by the manufacturer. 6.1.2.2 Clamping parts 6.1.3.2 Test procedure The design of a complex tool, which includes a 1) Measure the tool dimensions. deflector, shall ensure that clamping of the knife can 2) Bring the tool to its maximum speed n maxonly be achieved with the deflector in position. for 1 min. Form lock fixing shall ensure a positive mechanical 3) Stop and remeasure the tool; measured fastening between the separable tool elements, and t be greater than 0,15 mm. displacements shall noshall not rely on friction between the clamped parts. 4) Bring the tool to the test speed nfor 1 min. p Examples of positive mechanical locks are: pin(s), slots, notches. 5) Stop and remeasure the tool and compare the results with those obtained from step 3). Where a pin lock is used, at least 1 pin per blade The compared displacements shall not exceed 0,15 (see figure 6) shall be used for cutting blade widths up mm. to 30 mm and at least 2 pins per blade for cutting blade widths over 30 mm. The overspeed test shall be conducted with blanks for the largest cutting diameter and the largest cutting edge width. 6.1.4 Cutting blade thickness and minimum clamping length For cutting materials HS, HL and SP as well as for composite cutting blades (see definitions in clause 3) the relationship between cutting blade thickness a and clamping length L is determined from the formulae shown in 6.1.4.1 or the graphs shown in figure 7 and for one piece carbide cutting blades (cutting material groups HW and HC) from the formulae shown Dimensions in mm in 6.1.4.2 and the graphs shown in figure 8. Figure 6. Complex tool pin locking 6.1.4.1 One piece or composite cutting blades For all tools with separable fixing the minimum clamp For planing and combined planing and thicknessing length Land the minimum cutting blade thickness min machine milling tools, where fixing of the wedges is by ashall be determined as a function of the cutting min means of screws (see figures 3b and 4b), at least two blade projection t, see figure 7. screws are required for each wedge. Where the cutting blade thicknesses a is greater than The distance between the back of the wedge and the a, but less than the next whole number following minbody shall not exceed 7 mm when the cutting blade is a, the minimum clamping length Lshall be minmin in position (see figure 3b). selected in accordance with the given cutting blade projection t. Verification: by checking the relevant drawing, measurement and visual inspection of the tool and by checking that the knife cannot be clamped without the deflector in position. BSI 1997 Page 10 EN 847-1 : 1997 If the selected cutting blade thickness a is greater than 6.1.4.2 One piece hardmetal (HW, HC) cutting blades the next whole number following a, the minimum minFor one piece hardmetal (HW, HC) cutting blades the clamping length Lshall correspond to the selected min and the minimum clamping minimum thickness amin cutting blade thickness, see figure 7. length Lshall be selected in accordance with the min NOTE. The graph shown in figure 7 is based on the following requirements of figure 8, as a function of the cutting formulae (aand Lin mm): min min blade projection t. a= 1 for 0 < t # 1 mm; min For cutting blade thicknesses greater than 2 mm, the a= 0,25t + 0,75 for 1 < t # 5 mm; minimum clamping length Lshall be calculated min min using the following formulae: HS a= 0,125t + 1,4 for t > 5 mm; min a= 0,5t + 0,5 (ain mm); HL a= 0,143t + 1,285 for t > 5 mm; min min min L= t + 3 (Lin mm) SP a = 0,171t + 1,115 for t > 5 mm; min min min Example 1 L= 0,48t + 3,8 (form lock fixing); min For a given cutting blade projection t = 1,1 mm, the L= 15 for t # 15 mm (friction lock fixing); min minimum cutting blade thickness shall be Lfor t > 15 mm (friction lock fixing). min a= 1,05 mm and the minimum clamping length min Verification: by checking relevant drawings, L= 4,1 mm. min measurement and visual inspection of the tool. If the selected cutting blade thickness is more than the Example 1 minimum thickness a= 1,05 mm, for example min For a given cutting blade projection t = 15 mm a = 1,5 mm, the minimum clamping length Lis min (cutting material group SP), the minimum cutting blade related to the selected cutting blade thickness thickness is a= 3,7 mm and the minimum clamping a = 1,5 mm and has the value L= 5 mm, while min min length for form lock fixing is L= 11 mm or for maintaining t = 1,1 mm. min friction lock fixing L= 15 mm. min Example 2 If the selected cutting blade thickness is more than the For a given cutting blade thickness a = 2 mm, the minimum thickness a= 3,7 mm, but not more than min cutting blade projection shall not exceed t = 3 mm and the next whole number, i.e. 4 mm (3,7 # a # 4), for the clamping length shall not be less than 6 mm. example a = 4 mm, the minimum clamping length Lmin Verification: by checking relevant drawings, is nevertheless related to the cutting blade projection measurement and visual inspection of the tool. t = 15 mm and has the same values as above, i.e. L= 11 mm (form lock fixing) or L= 15 mm 6.1.5 Dimensions and tolerances min min (friction lock fixing). 6.1.5.1 Bore tolerances If for the given cutting blade projection t = 15 mm the Bore diameters shall be toleranced as follows: selected cutting blade thickness is more than the next ? bores of milling cutters H7 in accordance with whole number (a > 4), for example a = 5 mm, the ISO 286-2; minimum clamping length shall be selected according to this greater cutting blade thickness (theoretically ? bores of circular saw blades H8 in accordance resulting from t = 22,5 mm) but maintaining the cutting with ISO 286-2. blade projection t = 15 mm. Thus L= 14,6 mm min Verification: by checking relevant drawings and (form lock fixing) or L= 22,5 mm (friction lock min measurement. fixing). 6.1.5.2 Hub diameter and tolerances Example 2 The minimum hub diameter dshall be for: 4min For a given cutting blade thickness a = 5 mm (cutting material group SP), the maximum cutting blade ? dup to and including 50 mm: 1,4 d; 3 3projection shall be t = 22,5 mm and the minimum ? dover 50 mm: d+ 20 mm. 3 3 clamping length L= 14,6 mm (form lock fixing) or min The run-out tolerance shall be measured at the outside L= 22,5 mm (friction lock fixing). min diameter of the hub. The parallelism tolerance shall be measured at the hub flat surfaces. BSI 1997 BSI 1997 Page Figure 7. Cutting blade thickness and minimum clamping length (one piece cutting blades or composite cutting blades) 1997 11 EN 847-1 : Page 12 EN 847-1 : 1997 Figure 8. Cutting blade thickness and minimum clamping length (one piece hardmetal (HW, HC) cutting blades) BSI 1997 Page 13 EN 847-1 : 1997 The tolerances shall be in accordance with figure 9. Round form tools for machines other than planing or combined planing and thicknessing machines shall be designed such that the radial cutting edge projection (defined in 3.13) and the (chip thickness limitation) cr axial cutting edge projection c(defined in 3.14) as a well as the kickback velocity ratio V/Vtested in RC accordance with 6.2.1.6 are within the boundaries indicated in figure 11. Tools for planing or combined planing and thicknessing machines shall be round form tools and designed such that the radial cutting edge projection is c= max. r 1,1 mm and that the kickback velocity ratio V/V(see RC 3.22) shall not exceed 0,25 when tested in accordance with 6.2.1.6. Figure 9. Hub tolerances Not round form tools shall be designed such that the radial and axial cutting edge projections are c= max. r 1,1 mm and c= max. 1,1 mm and that the kickback a Verification: by checking relevant drawings and velocity ratio V/V(see 3.22) shall not exceed 0,25 RC measurement. when tested in accordance with 6.2.1.6. The design of form lock tools shall be such that the 6.1.6 Handling cutting edge projections cand cabove shall not be r a Detachable tools which weigh more than 15 kg shall exceeded when the components provided by the be designed so that they can be fitted with attachments manufacturer are used. for handling (e.g. threaded holes) or be shaped in such a For friction lock tools the manufacturer shall provide a way that a standard handling device can easily be setting gauge. attached. Verification: by checking relevant drawings, measurement and visual inspection of the tool. 6.2 Specific requirements for milling tools 6.2.1 Tools for hand fed machines 6.2.1.1 Tool form Milling tools for hand fed machines shall be either round form tools (see 3.15) or not round form tools (see 3.16). Tools for planing and combined planing and thicknessing machines shall be round form tools only. Verification: by checking relevant drawings, measurement and visual inspection of the tool. 6.2.1.2 Cutting edge projection and kickback velocity ratio Hand fed machine tools with a cutting diameter greater than 70 mm shall be subjected to a kickback test. For all profile tools, except finger jointing tools and tools with similar profiles, the kickback test shall be carried out at least with the standard profile illustrated in figure 10 for each construction type. Finger jointing Dimensions in mm tools and tools with similar profiles shall be tested Figure 10. Kickback test profile individually. BSI 1997 Page 14 EN 847-1 : 1997 Figure 11. Round form tool design boundaries Whatever the shape of the profile, the radial cutting 6.2.1.4 Diameter of the body edge projection cdescribed above shall be maintained r of For not round form tools the minimum diameter dmin along the whole length of the profile except the shaded the body (equal to 2 3 rin figures 2c, d, e and g and 2 5 area shown in figure 1. 3 rin figure 2f) shall be selected in accordance with 6 NOTE. For tools with integrated spindle (e.g. cutter heads for the requirements of figure 13. surface planing machines) the kickback test may be carried out on The diagram in figure 13 is based on the following a representative section of the tool (minimum 40 mm cutting edge formulae (din mm): width, or, where screw clamping devices are used, including at min least two clamping devices). d= 0,6 3 dfor 16 # d# 80 mm; Verification: by checking relevant drawings, min 1 1 measurement and fulfilling the kickback type test d= 0,642 3 d2 3,34 for 80 < d# 270 mm; min 1 1 according to annex A. d= d2 100 for d> 270 mm. min 1 1 6.2.1.3 Gullet width s Verification: by checking relevant drawings, The maximum gullet width sfor cutting diameters max measurement and visual inspection of the tool. d= 16mm to 400 mm shall be measured at the 1 maximum cutting circle. 6.2.1.5 Approach angles tand t r aThis shall include the regrinding range and shall be Not round form tools shall be provided with radial (t) rselected in accordance with the requirements of and axial (t) approach angles in accordance with the afigure 12. requirements of figure 14. NOTE. The graph shown in figure 12 is based on the following The radial approach angle tshall be 18Ê to 25Ê and r formulae (sin mm): max the axial approach angle t10Ê to 25Ê. a s= 0,235 3 d+ 7,2 for 16 # d# 80 mm; The radial and axial approach angles are measured at max 1 1 the maximum value of the deflector circle diameter or s= 0,1 3 d+ 18 for 80 < d# 250 mm; max 1 1 the body circle diameter (see figure 2). s= 43 for d> 250 mm. max 1 Verification: by checking relevant drawings, measurement and visual inspection of the tool. BSI 1997 Page 15 EN 847-1 : 1997 Figure 12. Gullet width BSI 1997 Page 16 EN 847-1 : 1997 BSI 1997 Figure 13. Diameter of the body for not round form tools Page 17 EN 847-1 : 1997 Figure 14. Not round form tool approach angles Verification: by checking relevant drawings, 6.2.2 Tool sets and extendable tools for hand fed measurement and visual inspection of the tool. machines Tools belonging to a tool set, or parts of extendable 6.2.1.6 Milling tool kickback test tools, which do not in themselves meet the The kickback testing is to be performed on a standard requirements for hand feed, shall be prevented from test rig. being used individually by means of design, e.g. by pins Annex A describes the test rig, the functions of the (see e.g. figure 15). mechanism and the automatic machining cycle, as well Verification: by checking relevant drawings and visual as giving instructions for the measurement of the inspection of the tool. spindle rotational speed, the time of workpiece passage between two points, the test method and the processing of results. BSI 1997 Page 18 EN 847-1 : 1997 6.2.4.2 Dynamic balancing Tool sets shall be dynamically balanced as a complete assembly and as individual tools. Tools with keyways shall be balanced without keys. 6.2.4.2.1 One piece tools, composite tools and bodies for complex tools other than cutterblocks for planing and combined planing and thicknessing machines Balance quality level G16 in accordance with ISO 1940-1 applies (see figure 17). The graph shown in figure 17 is based on the following formula: 1* 5 U = 1,5279 3 103 T n max Verification: by visual inspection and measurement of the tool. 6.2.4.2.2 Cutterblock bodies for planing and combined planing and thicknessing machines . Design of tools for hand fed Figure 15 Balance quality level G6,3 in accordance with machines to prevent individual use ISO 1940-1 applies (see figure 18). The graph shown in figure 18 is based on the following 6.2.3 Prevention of relative rotation of tool set formula: elements1* 5 10 U = 0,6016 3 3T Individual tools in tool sets, whose cutting edges can nmax be damaged if, by relative rotation, they come into Verification: by visual inspection and measurement of contact with each other, shall be provided with a the tool. means of preventing this from occuring (e.g. see figure 16). 6.2.4.2.3 Complex tools Balance quality level G40 in accordance with ISO 1940-1 applies (see figure 19). The graph shown in figure 19 is based on the following formula: 1* 5 U = 3,8197 3 103 T n max Verification: by visual inspection and measurement of the tool. 6.2.4.2.4 Tool sets Tool sets shall be balanced in accordance with 6.2.4.2.1 and 6.2.4.2.3. Figure 16. Prevention of relative rotation between tool elements If a tool set includes complex tool and/or composite tools, the balance quality level shall be G40 shown in ISO 1940-1. Verification: by checking relevant drawings and visual Verification: by visual inspection and measurement of inspection of the tool. the tool. 6.2.4 Balance of milling tools 6.2.4.1 Quantities and units Cutting diameter din mm 1 21Maximum permissible speed nin min max Permissible specific residual imbalance for one piece and * composite tools and for bodies U in mm?g/kg T Permissible specific residual *imbalance for complex tools U in mm?g/kg G BSI 1997 BSI 1997 Page 1997Figure 17. Dynamic balancing for one piece tools, composite tools and bodies 19 EN 847-1 : Page 20 EN 847-1 : 1997 BSI 1997 Figure 18. Dynamic balancing for bodies of cutterblocks for planing and combined planing and thicknessing machines BSI 1997 Page Figure 19. Dynamic balancing for complex tools 1997 21 EN 847-1 : Page 22 EN 847-1 : 1997 7.4 Marking of shank mounted tools 7 Tool identification Shank mounted tools shall be marked depending on 7.1 Marking of milling tools for integrated feed their use in accordance with the requirements of 7.1 other than planing and combined planing and and 7.2, the marking of the bore diameter shall be thicknessing machines replaced by the marking of the shank diameter. Milling tools to be used on machines only with Shank mounted tools with less than 30 mm cutting integrated feed other than planing and combined diameter and less than 12 mm shank diameter shall be planing and thicknessing machines shall be clearly and marked at least with: permanently marked at least with: ? the name or trademark of the manufacturer or ? the name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier; supplier; ? the maximum speed e.g. n max. 12000; ? the maximum speed e.g. n max. 6000; ? the tool dimensions (cutting diameter ? MAN or MEC (for hand respectively integrated (see 3.9)) 3 (cutting width) 3 (bore diameter); feed); ? for one piece and composite tools, the tool cutting ? for one piece and composite shank mounted tools material group symbol (see 4); the cutting material group symbol (see 4). ? MEC (for integrated feed). NOTE. Permanently marked means e.g. engraving, etching or embossing stamping. A character height of 3 mm, where possible, NOTE. Permanently marked means e.g. engraving, etching or is considered acceptable. embossing stamping. A character height of 3 mm, where possible, is considered acceptable. Verification: by checking relevant drawings, Verification: by checking relevant drawings and visual measurement and visual inspection. inspection. 7.5 Marking of circular saw blades 7.2 Marking of milling tools for machines with Circular saw blades shall be marked clearly and hand feed other than planing and combined permanently at least with: planing and thicknessing machines ? the name or trademark of the manufacturer or Tools for use on hand fed machines other than planing supplier; and combined planing and thicknessing machines shall ? the maximum speed e.g. n max. 4500; be clearly and permanently marked at least with: ? the name or trademark of the manufacturer or ? the tool dimensions (cutting diameter) 3 supplier; (width) 3 (bore diameter); ? the permissible speed range e.g. n 4500-9000 ? for one piece and composite saw blades the (dependent on a recommended minimum cutting cutting material group symbol (see 4). speed of 40 m/s); NOTE. Permanently marked means e.g. engraving, etching or embossing stamping. A character height of 3 mm, where possible, ? the tool dimensions (cutting diameter is considered acceptable. (see 3.9)) 3 (cutting width) 3 (bore diameter); Verification: by checking relevant drawings and visual ? MAN (for hand feed); inspection. ? for one piece and composite tools the tool cutting material group symbol (see 4). 7.6 Marking of cutting components and NOTE. Permanently marked means e.g. engraving, etching or deflectors embossing stamping. A character height of 3 mm, where possible, Cutting components and deflectors for complex tools is considered acceptable. shall be clearly and permanently marked at least with Verification: by checking relevant drawings and visual the name or trademark of the manufacturer or inspection. supplier. 7.3 Marking of milling tools for planing and Cutting components and deflectors intended for use on combined planing and thicknessing machines hand feed machines, and not profiled by the Tools for use on planing and combined planing and manufacturer or user, shall be clearly and permanently thicknessing machines shall be clearly and permanently marked with the name or trademark of the profile marked at least with: manufacturer. ? the name or trademark of the manufacturer or Cutting components and loose deflectors shall be supplier; clearly and permanently identified in sets. ? MEC (for integrated feed) or MAN (for hand feed); Marking shall be provided where possible on the ? the minimum clamping length Land the min reverse (back) of the cutting blades and deflectors. corresponding blade thickness a (see 6.1.4), NOTE. Permanently marked means e.g. engraving, etching or e.g. L11; a 3,7. min embossing stamping. A character height of 3 mm, where possible, NOTE. Permanently marked means e.g. engraving, etching or is considered acceptable. embossing stamping. A character height of 3 mm, where possible, Verification: by checking relevant drawings and visual is considered acceptable. inspection. Verification: by checking relevant drawings and visual inspection. BSI 1997 Page 23 EN 847-1 : 1997 8 Information The manufacturer shall provide relevant safety information with the tool. This information shall at least include that found in annex B. The manufacturer shall declare in the information for use and sales literature whether the tools have been manufactured in accordance with this standard. Verification: by inspection of the sales literature, instruction handbook or information for use. BSI 1997 Page 24 EN 847-1 : 1997 The spring-loaded pressure pads simulate the action of Annex A (normative) the human hand on the workpiece. The loads are preset Kickback test on a standard test rig as follows: 3 1,6 daN; ? vertically: 2 A.1 Test rig ? horizontally: 4,5 daN; The test rig comprises a vertical spindle moulding machine with a mechanism on its table supporting a ? horizontally after a stroke of 20 mm: 8 daN. piece of wood (reference 12 in figure A.1) to which it These applied forces result in a load to pull out the mechanically imparts the necessary movements to workpiece of: produce kickback. ? 3 daN from a stationary position (static friction); It includes devices for continuously measuring the rotational speed of the machine spindle and for ? 2 daN in motion (sliding friction). measuring the time it takes the ejected workpiece to A.4 Installment and calibration pass through a measured section (between two fixed reference points). The test rig should be installed in a place specifically intended for this purpose. The workpiece shall not be A.2 Spindle moulding machine ejected into the test area, for example a braking The rotational speed of the spindle moulding machine channel may be used. 21shall be adjustable up to 12000 min. The test rig shall initially be calibrated by an The machine spindle shall be capable of accepting accredited institution using their own measuring tools with various bore and shank diameters. The instruments and reference tools. required power shall not be less than 5,5 kW. The calibration test tool shall be marked with the kickback velocity ratio within a tolerance of A.3 Mechanism (see figure A.1) approximately The mechanism consists of a base (reference 1) Vconnected to the machine table and a plate fitted with R 10 % e.g. = 0,19 to 0,21pressure pads (reference 2) coupled to the base. VC The base can be adjusted with respect to the rotational Eight tests shall be performed. The highest and lowest axis of the machine spindle in order to regulate the results shall be discarded. The average of the depth of cut. remaining six test results shall be within the tolerance marked on the calibration test tool. The base also includes: ? two guides made of wood (reference 3); A.5 Automatic machining cycle for the performance of kickback ? a tilting guard (reference 4); The automatic machining cycle is as follows: ? a pneumatic cylinder (reference 5). The plate (reference 2) is connected to the base ? Start the spindle moulding machine. (reference 1) and is rotated around the axis A by the ? Actuate the pressure pad (reference 6) and stop pneumatic cylinder (reference 5). cylinder (reference 10). The plate is fitted with: ? Actuate the pneumatic cylinder (reference 5). ? a flexible vertical pressure unit (see detail) Close the plate and feed the milling cutter into the actuated by two cylinders (reference 6). The vertical wood. force is provided by springs acting on two pressure ? Release the stop cylinder (reference 10) (the pads (reference 7); the cylinders provide only workpiece is now only held by the springs). vertical motion; ? Actuate the cylinder (reference 11) for starting ? a spring-loaded horizontal pressure pad climb cutting. (reference 8) which pushes the workpiece against ? Relax the cylinders (reference 6 and 11). the guide (reference 3) by means of two springs ? Open the plate. mounted on the joints (reference 9). This arrangement allows a backward movement of the ? Stop the machine. counter guide in a parallel or oblique direction in relation to the reference plane of the guide when kickback occurs; ? a pneumatic stop (reference 10) which acts directly on the workpiece in order to prevent the kickback occuring too soon; ? a cylinder (reference 11) which pushes the workpiece (reference 12) in order to simulate climb cutting and initiate kickback. BSI 1997 Page 25 EN 847-1 : 1997 A.7.3 Operators action A.6 Measurements The measurement system consists of a device to The operator puts the testpiece into the test rig, starts continuously measure the rotational speed of the the automatic cycle, notes the time and evaluates the machine spindle and a device to measure the time it results. takes the ejected workpiece to pass through the A.7.4 Number of testsmeasuring section. Eight tests shall be carried out. The measurement of the rotational speed shall be performed with an electronic measuring instrument. A.8 Evaluation of the results The measurement of the time it takes the ejected The kickback speed Vis calculated from the R workpiece to pass between two reference points shall relationship: be performed with photoelectric cells, photo a transistors, laser elements or similar equipment, and V R = t with a time-frequency-meter located in a channel for the guide of the ejected workpiece. Measurement shall where not be affected by chips produced during testing. a is the distance between the two reference points; A.7 Test method t is the time it takes the end of the test piece to A.7.1 Setting pass between the two reference points; ? Whatever the type of tool, the rotational speed of Vis the kickback speed calculated in m/s. R the spindle shall be set to a cutting speed of V= 45 m/s 0,5 m/s. C The value of vis the arithmetic average of the results R ? The depth of cut is 10 mm for a cutting height of disregarding the two extremes. 40 mm maximum. V R Then is calculated with V= 45 m/s.C A.7.2 T piece (reference 12 in figure A.1) estVC ? Species `straight grain spruce'; VR The tool is qualified if complies with the? moisture content: max. 18 %; V Crequirements of 6.2.1.2. ? surface: planed; ? dimensions: 500 mm 3 40 mm 3 40 mm (tolerances for L, B, H: 1 mm); ? each test piece is used for two or four tests. BSI 1997 Page 26 EN 847-1 : 1997 g i Figure A.1 Kickback test r BSI 1997 Page 27 EN 847-1 : 1997 B.4.5 Extension of the spanner or tightening using Annex B (normative) hammer blows shall not be permitted. working practice SafeB.4.6 Clamping surfaces shall be cleaned to remove B.1 Maximum speed dirt, grease, oil and water. The maximum speed marked on the tool shall not be B.4.7 Clamping screws shall be tightened according to exceeded. Where stated, the speed range shall be instructions provided by the manufacturer. Where adhered to. instructions are not provided, clamping screws shall be tightened in sequence from the center outwards. B.2 Circular saw blades B.4.8 Use of loose rings or bushes to `make up' bore B.2.1 Circular saw blades, the bodies of which are sizes on circular saw blades shall not be permitted. cracked, shall be scrapped (repairing is not permitted). Use of fixed rings, e.g. pressed or held by adhesive B.2.2 Composite (tipped) circular saw blades, where fixing, in circular saw blades or flanged bushes for the tip dimension is reduced to less than 1 mm, shall other tools shall be permitted if made to the be taken out of service. See figure B.1. manufacturers specifications. B.4.9 Resin shall only be removed from light alloys with solvents that do not affect the mechanical characteristics of these materials. B.5 Repair of tools Repair of tools is only allowed according to the tool manufacturers instructions. Particular attention is drawn to the following. Figure B.1 Minimum dimensions of composite circular saw blade tipsB.5.1 The design of composite (tipped) tools shall not be changed in the process of repair. B.5.2 Composite tools shall be repaired by a B.3 One piece tools competent person, i.e. a person of training and Tools with visible cracks shall not be used. experience, who has knowledge of the design requirements and understands the levels of safety to be B.4 Fastening of tools and tool parts achieved. B.4.1 Tools and tool bodies shall be clamped in such a way that they shall not loosen during operation. B.5.3 Repair shall therefore include, e.g. use of spare parts which are in accordance with the specification of B.4.2 For tools with friction lock the positioning aid or the original parts provided by the manufacturer. setting gauge provided by the manufacturer shall be used to maintain radial and axial cutter projections cB.5.4 Tolerances which ensure correct clamping shall r and c. be maintained. a B.4.3 Care shall be taken when mounting tools to B.5.5 For one piece tools care shall be taken that ensure that the clamping is by the hub of the tool and regrinding of the cutting edge will not cause that the cutting edges are not in contact with each weakening of the hub and the connection of the other or with the clamping elements. cutting edge to the hub. B.4.4 Fastening screws and nuts shall be tightened using the appropriate spanners, etc., and to the torque value provided by the manufacturer. 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