手表机芯知识大全

手表机芯知识大全 手表机芯知识大全 原型机芯出现在约略1962年。最早由绮年华采用，编号Cal.1466U。 1976年ETA改良成Cal.2892，具中央秒针、日期显示并可以快速调校，而后逐大量制造。Cal.2892机芯将原来的振频，由18,000vph修改为21,600vph，最后固定于现在的28,800vph。 Cal.2892推出已有30多年的历史，目前市面上曾使用过该机芯的举例有:采用2892-A2为基础机芯的著名品牌有名士(Baume&Mercier)、百年灵(Breitling)、宝格丽(Bvlgari)、卡地亚(Cartier)、香奈儿(Chanel)、萧邦(Chopard)、Corum、玉宝(Ebel)、FranckMuller、尊达(GeraldGenta)、恒宝(Hublot)、芝柏表(Girard-Perregaux)、万国表(IWC)、浪琴(Longines)、艾美(MauriceLacroix)、沛纳海(Panerai)、欧米茄(Omega)、柏高(PaulPicot)、蕾蒙威(RaymondWeil)、豪雅表(TagHeuer)、与雅典表(UlysseNardin)等知名品牌。在市场上占有率极高，是很多品牌最常使用的基础机芯。 Cal.2892自动上炼机芯鎏金与镀铑材质，振频28,800vph，21颗红宝石，双向自动上炼。Cal.2892的特色就是功能衍伸极丰富，以其为基础机芯加以增加的功能有:计时码表、大日期、能量储存、GMT、日月星、两问表、年历与万年历等功能。 Cal.2892其机械结构特殊的部份为2番轮不在中心，这种 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 ，可让轮轴不至于磨损而导致卡轮、卡针的恼人问题。螺丝脱落的机率很低，自动盘及滚珠轴承也少见断裂或松脱的毛病。另外，分针离合轮富有的弹性设计，使转针所造成的磨损率降到最低。日历定位簧一体成型，不会跳脱也利于维修。其质量稳定，且维修容易，坚固耐用准确度高。 整体来说，ETACal.2892的良好质素在市场上很受欢迎也备受肯定，只是产量太大，并不受收藏家青睐，但是就实用性的观点而言，绝对可说是物超所值。Cal.2628自动上炼机芯27颗红宝石，五方位调校，动力储存44小时，双向自动上炼机制，镀铑机芯，振频28,800vph。 temperature piping and equipment, avoid oil pipeline, avoiding vibration equipment, principles of construction of beautiful and neat easy to install. 5.1.5.2 from field instrumentation and valves field junction boxes to the single line slot cable using pipe, 220VAC power cord shall be full pipe laying, indoor coaxial cables concealed and outdoor wear buried. 5.1.5.3 bending cold bending method should be used to protect pipe, bending angle should not be less than 900, when wearing non-armoured cable and laid, bend radius should not be less than 6 times the pipe diameter, when while wearing armored cable and concealed, bend radius should not be less than 10 times the pipe diameter. Bend protection tube there should be no dents, cracks, single right-angled bend protection tube should not be more than two. 5.1.5.4 between protective tube and between protective tube and connector, threaded connections should be used, it tube end screw thread length should not be less than 1/2 of the fitting, and ensures the electrical connection. 5.1.5.5 protection tube should line up, ... 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 check tubing for pressure piping laying pipe, components, materials and specifications meet the design requirements, and have quality certificates, before laying should be cleared by welding and bending the welding slag, rust, chip or a foreign body, and preservative treatments. 5.1.7.2 in pressure piping welding welder must have a valid welder certificate. 5.1.7.3 tubing under the conditions to meet measurement requirements should be as short as possible, General length should not be more than 15m, pipe bending cold bending, cutting machine, minimizing bending and cross, and there shall be no sharp and complex bending, bending radius of not less than 3 times the pipe diameter. 5.1.7.4 pipe and process equipment, piping, or building surface distance is greater than 50mm, not be laid parallel to the oil, combustible, explosive 2892-A2的特点是稳定、耐用、易于维修，稍加调校，其精确度便可达到瑞士官方天文台的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ;而且机芯尺寸较小、较薄，从而易于扩展外延功能。30多年来，2892经受了一种各样的考验。它用有力的事实无可置疑地证明了自己是瑞士制表史上最为经典的机芯之一。虽然有些机芯在精确度和耐久性上能和它一比高低，可是在综合素质上却没有一个可以胜出它。无论独立制表人，或是顶级大品牌，都采用过它作为基础机芯制作手表。 原动系统 2892-A2的发条占据了发条盒75%的空间(通常老机芯为50%)。由于发条是机芯动力的源泉，需要足够的扭矩，因此2892-A2的发条较硬。这就需要提高自动系统的上弦效率来对抗强硬主发条所产生的阻力，为此，2892-A2使用了ETA微型轮齿。这种由ETA发明的特殊齿型被同时用在轮齿和轴齿上。它可以将摩擦力降到最低，用以提高传动系的效率。 传动系统 2892-A2轮系的布局将头轮，三轮和秒轮(四轮)安排在同一直线上，擒纵轮稍稍靠近。二轮却没有安置在中心位置，这是为了制止轮轴因磨损而导致卡轮、卡针的现象。这种布局产生的直接效果是增强了机芯的稳定性能，还可以节省动力传输时的损耗，而且令发条的扭矩在驱动传动组件时不会影响摆幅。2892-A2日历部分构造虽然简单，然而耐 用，可在没有附加组件的情况下可以实现日历瞬跳，而且无论在齿轮啮合还是分离状态下都可以调整日期而不会损坏任何部件。这就是说，无论在什么时刻，人们都可以自由自在地调整日期。 上弦拨针系统 2892-A2型机芯的直径为25.6毫米，高3.6毫米，21颗红宝石。主板、基板、夹板及压板采用传统的黄铜材料制成。2892-A2的原形是绮年华(Eterna)在1962年前后推出的1466U型机芯。它在机芯自动上弦摆陀的轴心处采用了5颗钢珠轴承作驱动，使用5个齿轮和1个双层轮来改变动力传递方向。钢珠轴承不仅增加了摆陀运转时的灵活性，同时 也降低了故障率，更重要的是可以提高自动上弦效率。2892-A2的钢珠轴承较大，这意味着能更好地支撑基板，也意味着更佳的摆陀防震。 temperature piping and equipment, avoid oil pipeline, avoiding vibration equipment, principles of construction of beautiful and neat easy to install. 5.1.5.2 from field instrumentation and valves field junction boxes to the single line slot cable using pipe, 220VAC power cord shall be full pipe laying, indoor coaxial cables concealed and outdoor wear buried. 5.1.5.3 bending cold bending method should be used to protect pipe, bending angle should not be less than 900, when wearing non-armoured cable and laid, bend radius should not be less than 6 times the pipe diameter, when while wearing armored cable and concealed, bend radius should not be less than 10 times the pipe diameter. Bend protection tube there should be no dents, cracks, single right-angled bend protection tube should not be more than two. 5.1.5.4 between protective tube and between protective tube and connector, threaded connections should be used, it tube end screw thread length should not be less than 1/2 of the fitting, and ensures the electrical connection. 5.1.5.5 protection tube should line up, ... 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 check tubing for pressure piping laying pipe, components, materials and specifications meet the design requirements, and have quality certificates, before laying should be cleared by welding and bending the welding slag, rust, chip or a foreign body, and preservative treatments. 5.1.7.2 in pressure piping welding welder must have a valid welder certificate. 5.1.7.3 tubing under the conditions to meet measurement requirements should be as short as possible, General length should not be more than 15m, pipe bending cold bending, cutting machine, minimizing bending and cross, and there shall be no sharp and complex bending, bending radius of not less than 3 times the pipe diameter. 5.1.7.4 pipe and process equipment, piping, or building surface distance is greater than 50mm, not be laid parallel to the oil, combustible, explosive 2892-A2将自动上弦部分整合到主夹板上，使自动上弦部分和条盒轮夹板处在同一水平面。为了提高摆陀的相对重量，2892-A2减小了摆陀边缘的斜面。同时用红宝石取 代自动传机轮上的梢杆，将自动上弦部分夹板上方的宝石用梢杆替换。这样的置换是为了减小相关轮系之间的摩擦系数。所有这些技术手段目的都是围绕着提高自动上弦效率，同时使机芯更薄。 擒纵调速系统 2892-A2的摆频是2.88万次/小时。摆轮采用铍铜合金(Glucydur)制成，直径为9毫米;游丝为Nivarox扁平游丝，偏心螺丝微调。偏心螺丝微调基于传统的快慢针结构。它通过调整游丝内外桩之间缺口的角度来控制游丝的有效长度，从而实现对精准度简便、快速的调节。偏心螺丝微调仅限调节5秒以内的误差。 功能和工艺 除了构造上科学合理之外，2892-A2还有一个的优点，那就是功能延展性很强，简单地增加模块组，便可具有计时、大日期、动力储存、GMT、日月星、两问、年历、万年历等功能。按照ETA机芯制造厂的定位，2892-A2在产品链上属于高端层次,AquaracerChronotimer，在制造上投入的成本也较高。2892-A2的基础打磨主要有珍珠纹、太阳光 线放射纹和摆陀上的日内瓦条纹。 Cal.1120是约1985年由OMEGA将Cal.2892修改而成为其下的专用机芯。并且都通过瑞士天文台认证(C.O.S.C.)，故每只都是天文台机芯。将原来的21颗红宝石增加至23颗。其中有2颗就放在发条轮的上下轴心，以增进顺畅度。在自动盘的部分增厚，滚珠轴承较小，所产生的噪音自然较小，多了2支固定用的定位梢。并且将自动传动轮设计为可单独拆解，方便自由拆卸利于维修。 OMEGACal.1120以镀铑处理，并在夹板、自动盘上隽以日内瓦波纹，细部则采用鱼鳞纹打磨，质感明显比ETACal.2892优秀，由此可证，Cal.1120质量与功能绝对不输高价位表所采用的机芯。但因价位不高的关系，故难以在齿轮部份做细致的抛光打磨，这点与Cal.2892相同。 temperature piping and equipment, avoid oil pipeline, avoiding vibration equipment, principles of construction of beautiful and neat easy to install. 5.1.5.2 from field instrumentation and valves field junction boxes to the single line slot cable using pipe, 220VAC power cord shall be full pipe laying, indoor coaxial cables concealed and outdoor wear buried. 5.1.5.3 bending cold bending method should be used to protect pipe, bending angle should not be less than 900, when wearing non-armoured cable and laid, bend radius should not be less than 6 times the pipe diameter, when while wearing armored cable and concealed, bend radius should not be less than 10 times the pipe diameter. Bend protection tube there should be no dents, cracks, single right-angled bend protection tube should not be more than two. 5.1.5.4 between protective tube and between protective tube and connector, threaded connections should be used, it tube end screw thread length should not be less than 1/2 of the fitting, and ensures the electrical connection. 5.1.5.5 protection tube should line up, ... 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 check tubing for pressure piping laying pipe, components, materials and specifications meet the design requirements, and have quality certificates, before laying should be cleared by welding and bending the welding slag, rust, chip or a foreign body, and preservative treatments. 5.1.7.2 in pressure piping welding welder must have a valid welder certificate. 5.1.7.3 tubing under the conditions to meet measurement requirements should be as short as possible, General length should not be more than 15m, pipe bending cold bending, cutting machine, minimizing bending and cross, and there shall be no sharp and complex bending, bending radius of not less than 3 times the pipe diameter. 5.1.7.4 pipe and process equipment, piping, or building surface distance is greater than 50mm, not be laid parallel to the oil, combustible, explosive OMEGACal.2628的夹板除了日内瓦波纹打磨外，亦有鱼鳞纹装饰，比起Cal.2892仅以鱼鳞纹装饰打磨，的确是用心许多。 Cal.2500在2000年后，OMEGA开始将同轴擒纵技术运用于旗下的机芯，其中首先用于Cal.1120机芯，并将型号更改为Cal.2500。也因为多了一组齿轮，所以多了两颗红宝石，加上同轴擒纵部份也多了两颗红宝石，因此总共拥有27红宝石。配合无卡度游丝与螺丝微调摆轮系统，使得Cal.2500机芯与Cal.2892机芯有了极大的差异，严格来说，这也算是OMEGA的半自制机芯,breitlingwatches。另外具有GMT功能的型号则为Cal.2628。OMEGACal.2628的自动盘除了形式不同外，滚珠轴承较小，所以产生的滚动噪音自然也小;另外自动陀外缘用上了21K白金材质的配重盘，以增进上炼效率。 最好的机芯一定采用尽可能少的部件进行设计、并综合各项性能再构成完美的体系。有些手表由于机芯的问题必须送返瑞士原厂维修。除了高昂的维修费用之外，花费在邮寄上的时间和费用也不少。鉴于这种情况，许多高级手表制造商纷纷选择了ETA2892-A2型机芯制作手表。从ETA在1976年推出了2892型机芯之后，该机芯经历了2892-2892-2-2892-A2的进化。2892-A2运用了最先进的科技，无论在材料或是机芯构造方面均显示出优秀的素质，达到了近乎完美的境界。 1120与2500的主要不同，上面其实已经讲道，2500与1120主要不同: 1、擒纵机构不同 很明显1120采用锚式擒纵机构，而2500采用同轴擒纵机构。 2、调速机构不同 1120使用普通摆轮游丝组，设有快慢针以及螺丝微调装置。 2500采用“无卡度游丝”摆轮组，摆轮上设有微调螺丝。 1120快慢微调螺丝调节范围:?30秒 temperature piping and equipment, avoid oil pipeline, avoiding vibration equipment, principles of construction of beautiful and neat easy to install. 5.1.5.2 from field instrumentation and valves field junction boxes to the single line slot cable using pipe, 220VAC power cord shall be full pipe laying, indoor coaxial cables concealed and outdoor wear buried. 5.1.5.3 bending cold bending method should be used to protect pipe, bending angle should not be less than 900, when wearing non-armoured cable and laid, bend radius should not be less than 6 times the pipe diameter, when while wearing armored cable and concealed, bend radius should not be less than 10 times the pipe diameter. Bend protection tube there should be no dents, cracks, single right-angled bend protection tube should not be more than two. 5.1.5.4 between protective tube and between protective tube and connector, threaded connections should be used, it tube end screw thread length should not be less than 1/2 of the fitting, and ensures the electrical connection. 5.1.5.5 protection tube should line up, ... 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 check tubing for pressure piping laying pipe, components, materials and specifications meet the design requirements, and have quality certificates, before laying should be cleared by welding and bending the welding slag, rust, chip or a foreign body, and preservative treatments. 5.1.7.2 in pressure piping welding welder must have a valid welder certificate. 5.1.7.3 tubing under the conditions to meet measurement requirements should be as short as possible, General length should not be more than 15m, pipe bending cold bending, cutting machine, minimizing bending and cross, and there shall be no sharp and complex bending, bending radius of not less than 3 times the pipe diameter. 5.1.7.4 pipe and process equipment, piping, or building surface distance is greater than 50mm, not be laid parallel to the oil, combustible, explosive 2500摆轮微调螺丝调节范围:?5秒 所谓“同轴”(2500)走时精度提高的原因 主要原因我认为是2500使用了无卡度游丝以及摆轮制作工艺的提高所致。 1、无卡度游丝由于不设快慢针，就彻底消除了快慢针位移以及游丝“荡框”给表带来的走时精度不确定性。 此外无卡度游丝解决了游丝外端曲线对振动周期的影响。 2、2500走时精度调节，是通过调节摆轮上的两粒轴向相对的平衡螺丝进行微调，而粗调已在出厂前以激光削切摆轮的下外缘 完成，虽说是粗调，其实已经很精了，因为经过粗调后误差在?5秒，才能算合格!否则摆轮微调螺丝无法进行微调了! 由于使用摆轮上的微调螺丝大大提高了调节精度，所以2500的走时精度得以较大的的提高。 temperature piping and equipment, avoid oil pipeline, avoiding vibration equipment, principles of construction of beautiful and neat easy to install. 5.1.5.2 from field instrumentation and valves field junction boxes to the single line slot cable using pipe, 220VAC power cord shall be full pipe laying, indoor coaxial cables concealed and outdoor wear buried. 5.1.5.3 bending cold bending method should be used to protect pipe, bending angle should not be less than 900, when wearing non-armoured cable and laid, bend radius should not be less than 6 times the pipe diameter, when while wearing armored cable and concealed, bend radius should not be less than 10 times the pipe diameter. Bend protection tube there should be no dents, cracks, single right-angled bend protection tube should not be more than two. 5.1.5.4 between protective tube and between protective tube and connector, threaded connections should be used, it tube end screw thread length should not be less than 1/2 of the fitting, and ensures the electrical connection. 5.1.5.5 protection tube should line up, ... 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 check tubing for pressure piping laying pipe, components, materials and specifications meet the design requirements, and have quality certificates, before laying should be cleared by welding and bending the welding slag, rust, chip or a foreign body, and preservative treatments. 5.1.7.2 in pressure piping welding welder must have a valid welder certificate. 5.1.7.3 tubing under the conditions to meet measurement requirements should be as short as possible, General length should not be more than 15m, pipe bending cold bending, cutting machine, minimizing bending and cross, and there shall be no sharp and complex bending, bending radius of not less than 3 times the pipe diameter. 5.1.7.4 pipe and process equipment, piping, or building surface distance is greater than 50mm, not be laid parallel to the oil, combustible, explosive