汽车类英文翻译

Vehicle fuel use knowledge Automobile production and modern life is an indispensable and important traffic and transport. When you have the opportunity to drive a car, I am sure that you will be concerned about the care of your beloved rides. Perhaps you are concerned about the ignition line, a spark plug, to see whether they affected the engine power output, or to consider what kind of equipment with saving device will save some overhead; or to the entire selection of the catalytic devices to meet emissions oil check. However, you may have thought that the most common fuel in which to play the role of what? Motor fuel composition and characteristics of the car we normally use are powered by the internal combustion engine, in accordance with their work and the different ways of points for the gasoline engine and diesel. Gasoline, diesel are made from oil refining. The ancient times and plant remains were due to the earth's crust formation pressure in the deep, high temperature and high pressure, and under the conditions of hypoxia, through a complicated chemical changes in the evolving oil. Comparison of the chemical composition of the oil complex, it is not composed of a single element, but by a mixture of hydrocarbons. Gasoline is the major cost alkenes, the nature of its stability, big and difficult to heat oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline explosion of anti-Chi-eking, it is good for gasoline, but it will make diesel in diesel combustion Performance deteriorated, diesel is not good. In addition, a small amount of oil contains nitrogen compounds, oxides and sulfides, in the oil belongs to the bad elements, in the refining process, we need to try to remove the. From the underground mining of crude oil from the factory after the refining process is very complex, and ultimately extracted from gasoline, diesel fuel and kerosene. Overall, the process reached a certain quality standard for gasoline, diesel was yellow transparent liquid form in small density than water. The smell of petrol and diesel vary, different sense of touch, hand-dip that petrol, the cool hand, Shibuya flu, skin Blushing gasoline evaporation; hand dip feeling Gun diesel, oil flu. Gasoline use the correct selection of the correct fuel to the engine due to the efficiency of play. If the transfer of fuel used properly, there should be not only the payment of engine power, on the contrary will cause damage to the engine, reducing its performance and life. Gasoline is a very volatile fuel, and even in the low temperature -30 ℃ can produce oil and gas could be ignited. Volatile petrol better, the easier it is vaporization, in the winter low temperature environment to enable cold-start and to a normal work. But volatile petrol too easily in the gas pumps, pipeline or pipeline twists and turns over the site of a hot gas resistance. If petrol volatile enough, it will be difficult to fully vaporization, inconvenience cryogenic engine in the difficult start-up environment, but also in the engine can not be fully combustion, the engine of instability, increase engine instability, increased fuel consumption resulting in a great deal coke. Therefore, the volatile petrol can neither too strong nor too bad, it is in the process of refining gasoline to control. Vehicle fuel is in accordance with its octane level to the level of labeling to distinguish, and that is an octane number of gasoline antiknock index, which is an important quality indicators petrol one. At present the most commonly used methods of octane number two: motor and study law, the two methods measured values are not the same. Currently, China's automotive gasoline used on the labeling of the numerical method, 93, it said that the gasoline octane number not less than 93 #, and so on. According to the engine compression ratio should be different with different grade of gasoline, the use of this vehicle in the manual will be marked. If the use of high-compression engine is not suitable for the low-grade gasoline, will result in detonation. Compression Engine is high because of a good economy, and its high efficiency and low fuel consumption, Hyundai Motor engine compression ratio of the design are generally higher. Is high compression engine also have a tendency to knock the larger, which requires the use of good antiknock, high octane number of gasoline. Raise the octane number of gasoline there are mainly two ways: One is by adding antiknock additive in gasoline, the other method is to use a high octane number of gasoline hydrocarbon components refining process. Among the many types of antiknock additive, it has been found to promote tetraethyl lead special effects explosion significantly, as long as a small number of tetraethyl lead will be able to greatly enhance the octane petrol oil, therefore, from 1921 onwards, tetraethyl lead as an effective and Economic gasoline antiknock additive widely used. Tetraethyl lead is a kind of fruit flavor, the poisonous oily liquid, it can through the respiratory tract, esophagus and no wound the skin into the body, and it is very difficult excretion out. When the body lead to a certain amount of accumulated will be poisoning people, mild dizziness poisoning will be the first storm, no appetite, fatigue, weakness, insomnia and blood pressure drop, and other symptoms of poisoning are severe abdominal pain and nervous system disorders, and even death. Therefore, leaded petrol on the environment and human caused harm is tremendous. As modern society possession of the car on the increase, in order to protect the environment, pollution control, and many countries have strict ban on the use of leaded petrol and developed increasingly stringent vehicle emission control standards and environmental protection laws and regulations, China has taken the lead in the use of Beijing unleaded petrol, and for the reunification of the country in 2000 to use unleaded petrol. However, the use of unleaded petrol, there are some new problems. Vehicle maintenance like fitness, the extension of the life of the vehicle are very helpful. Many owners usually work too busy, wait until the holidays again time was spent on leisure travel. Such cycles, we did not have time to their conservation, conservation expertise is not available, the vehicle will be the ultimate failure to protest, then regret it late to take remedial measures. According to the environmental conditions and the different models, each car general maintenance around a 5,000 km. Its main contents are the replacement of oil, filter machine. As oil and heating and air-oxidation easily gradually, with acidic substances in the oil, resin and iron slowly increasing, oil will gradually darken the color, viscosity will gradually decline to the required period of the oil - must be replaced with new oil. If time does not replace oil, these sediments may be blocked oil Road, the engine dry mill, which has seriously affected the life of the engine. In the process of vehicles do not attach importance to the way maintenance and lead to serious consequences are not infrequent. First reflected in the engine oil covered, it is obvious that the above is full of sticky lid of the solid material, the lid of the rubbery Even so, engine lubricating one can well imagine the extent of the obstruction. The second device for the oil, oil-foot terminal that black high temperature has been above the sediment erosion, oil has been taking serious heat functional decline in the high temperature engine circumstances life will be seriously affected. Second is obviously add new lubricants because I can not blocking the smooth flow of internal engine, and the lesson is painful, as long as they can carry out the process in accordance with the requirements of maintenance, these problems are absolutely avoidable. Maintenance projects, in addition to the replacement project, there are many items processes is quite detailed and complicated. First, we must ensure that all vehicle systems without lubrication and Oil leakage inspection of the various surface are indispensable: oil liquid, liquid antifreeze, brake oil surface, and surface power steering, gear oil surface and the electrolyte liquid, the liquid surface such as glass. Need to add to the timely addition, the leakage phenomenon found to be small in the early detection, early settlement will damage their vehicles to a minimum. Secondly, and closely related to the driver braking life, the exercise of power system and the key is maintenance checks. Include: the friction of the brake wear, hand brake gap with tire wear and air pressure testing, clutch gap adjustment projects. Do not covet cheap street stalls to do maintenance, inspection and where the projects are often added at a stroke with no quality assurance, the final only suffer fooled themselves. In addition, the lighting and light trucks full nspection is also indispensable. Now the TAC law provisions increasingly small, increasingly large penalties. There is no doubt that in the light of the incomplete road conditions while driving is unwise act. Maintenance of replacement parts and components based on the needs of the exercise mileage distinction. Motor vehicle under the brand name of its different models for maintenance, replacement of fuel filters, air filters, air conditioning filters, spark plugs, is at the belt, brake fluid, gear oil components. More timely replacement parts for motor vehicles to maintain and restore the technical capability to ensure that the use of motor vehicles with good reliability and extend the service life of important significance. Overwhelming majority of drivers to change old friend "-to repair the" misconception is not suspected of trouble, plans to save money without maintenance vehicles, so penny wise and pound foolish. 译文: 车用燃油的使用知识 汽车是现代化生产和生活中不可缺少的重要交通和运输工具。当您有机会驾驶一辆汽车时，相信您会关心、呵护您心爱的座驾。也许您关心点火线路、火花塞，看它们是否影响了发动机的输出功率；或是考虑装用什么样的节油装置会节省一些开销；又或是到各处去挑选催化装置，以应付尾气排放的油查。可是，您可曾想到过，那最普通的燃油在其中起着什么样的作用呢?车用燃油的构成与特征我们通常使用的汽车都是用内燃机作动力，根据其工作方式的不同又分为汽油机和柴油机。汽油、柴油都是从石油中提炼制成。远古时期的动、植物遗体由于地壳的运动被压在地层深处，在高温、高压和缺氧的条件下，经过复杂的化学变化而逐渐形成石油。石油的化学成分比较复杂，它不是单一的元素组成的，而是由碳氢化合物构成的混合体。汽油的主要成本是烷烃，它的性质稳定，发热量大且不易氧化；汽油中的芳香烃的抗炽爆性强，这对汽油来说好的，但它在柴油中就会使柴油的燃烧性能变差，对于柴油是不好的。此外，石油中含有的少量氮化物、氧化物和硫化物等，属于油料中的不良成分，在炼制过程中要尽量设法去除的。从地下开采出来的原油厂里经过非常复杂的炼制工序，最终提炼出汽油、柴油和煤油等燃料。总的来说，经过加工达到了一定质量标准的汽油、柴油呈淡黄色透明液体状，密度比水小。汽油和柴油的气味有所不同，触摸感也不同，用手蘸一点汽油，手发凉，有涩感，汽油蒸发后皮肤发白；用手蘸柴油感觉滑腻，有油感。汽油的正确选用正确的选用燃料才能使发动机发挥出应有的效率。如果燃料使用不当，不仅发不出发动机应有的功率，相反还会对发动机造成损伤，降低它的性能和使用寿命。汽油是一种挥发性很强的燃料，甚至于在-30℃的低温下还能产生可以被点燃的油气。汽油的挥发性越好，就越容易汽化，在冬季低温的环境下能使冷车顺得地起动和正常工作。但挥发性过强的汽油容易在汽油泵、输油管曲折或油管较热的部位造成气阻。如果汽油的挥发性不够，就难以充分汽化，不便发动机在低温环境下不易起动，而且在发动机内也不能充分燃烧，使发动机工作不稳，增加发动机工作不稳，增加耗油量，产生大量积碳。所以，汽油的挥发性既不能过强，也不能太差，这是在汽油的炼制过程中加以控制的。 车用汽油是按照其辛烷值的高低以标号来区分的，辛烷值是表示汽油抗爆性的指标，它是汽油重要的质量指标之一。目前最常用的辛烷值测定方法有两种：马达法和研究法，两种方法测出的数值是不一样的。现在我国车用汽油的标号采用研究法测定的数值，93号汽油表示它的辛烷值不低于93#，余此类推。发动机根据压缩比的不同应选用不同标号的汽油，这在每辆车的使用手册上都会标明。如果高压缩的发动机使用不适合的低标号的汽油，就会产生爆震。  因为压缩比高的发动机具有很好的经济性，它的效率高、耗油量低，所以现代汽车的发动机压缩比一般都设计较高。压缩比高的发动机产生爆震的倾向也较大，这就要求使用抗爆性好，即高辛烷值的汽油。提高汽油辛烷值的方法主要有两种：一种是在汽油中加入抗爆剂，另一种方法是采用含有高辛烷值烃类成分的汽油炼制工艺。在众多种类的抗爆剂中，人们发现四乙铅的搞爆效果特别显著，只要少量的四乙铅就能大大提高汽油的辛烷油，因此，从1921年起，四乙铅作为有效而又经济的汽油抗爆剂被广泛使用。四乙铅是一种带水果香味、有剧毒的油状液体，它能通过呼吸道、食道以及无伤口的皮肤进入人体，并且很难排泄出来。当人体内的铅累积到一定量时，便会使人中毒，轻度中毒会有头晕、头艰、没有食欲、疲倦、乏力、失眠和血压下降等症状；重度中毒是会发生腹部痛和神经系统错乱，甚至死亡。因此，含铅汽油对环境及人类造成的危害是很大的。由于现代社会汽车的拥有量在不断增加，为了保护环境、控制污染，许多国家都严格禁止使用含铅汽油并制定了日趋严格的汽车废气排放控制标准和环境保护法规，我国已率先在北京市使用无铅汽油，并定于2000年全国统一使用无铅汽油。 汽车保养就如同健身，对延长汽车的使用寿命有很大帮助。很多车主平时工作太忙，等到节假日又把时间用在休闲旅游上。这样循环往复，自己既没有时间养护，又不具备养护专业知识，最终汽车会以发生故障为抗议，到那时后悔晚矣。 根据环境情况和车型的不同，轿车一般每5000公里左右保养一次。其主要内容是更换机油、机滤。由于机油与空气接触及受热易被逐渐氧化，随着油中的酸性物质、胶质、铁屑慢慢地增多，机油的颜色会渐渐变黑，黏度也会逐渐下降，到了规定的换油期则必须更换新油。如果长时间不更换机油，这些沉淀物可能会阻塞油道，导致发动机干磨，严重影响发动机的使用寿命。在车辆使用过程中由于不重视定程保养而导致严重后果的例子屡见不鲜。首先反映为发动机机油盖，很明显，盖子上面满是黏稠的固体物质，盖子上的胶状体尚且如此，发动机润滑系阻塞程度可想而知了。第二为机油尺，油尺的末端成黑色表示上面的沉积物已经高温烧蚀，润滑油带走热量的功能已经严重下降，发动机在过高温度情况下工作会严重影响使用寿命。其次很明显新润滑油因为加注口阻塞无法顺畅流入发动机内部，教训是惨痛的，只要能够按照要求进行定程保养，这些问题是绝对可以避免的。保养项目中除更换项目外，还有很多检查项目，工序流程也是相当细致和复杂。首先，要确保汽车各个系统的润滑和油路无渗漏，对各种液面的检查缺一不可：机油液面、防冻液液面、刹车油液面、助力转向液面、齿轮油液面、电解液液面、玻璃清洁液液面等。需要添加的要及时增补，发现渗漏现象，要做到小病及早发现、提前解决，将其对车辆损害降到最低程度。其次，与驾驶员生命息息相关的制动、行使和动力系统也是保养检查的重头戏。内容包括：制动磨擦件的磨损情况、手制动间隙配合、轮胎磨损状况及气压检测、离合器间隙调整等项目。千万不要贪图便宜到路边摊做保养，那些地方对检查和添加项目往往一笔带过，没有质量保证，最后吃亏上当的只有自己。另外，全车照明及指示灯的检查也是必不可少的。如今的交法条文一天比一天细，处罚力度一天比一天大。无疑，在灯光不全的情况下驾车上路是不明智的行为。保养中更换零部件依据行使里程的需要有所区别。各汽车品牌对其下名下的不同车型安排保养计划，更换燃油滤清器、空气滤清器、空调滤清器、火花塞、正时皮带、制动液、齿轮油等部件。适时更换以上部件对于保持和恢复汽车的技术性能，保证汽车具有良好的使用性和可靠性、延长使用寿命有重要意义。广大司机朋友要改变老的“以修代保”的错误观念，不可以嫌麻烦、图省钱而不保养汽车，以免因小失大。  车用汽油是按照其辛烷值的高低以标号来区分的，辛烷值是表示汽油抗爆性的指标，它是汽油重要的质量指标之一。目前最常用的辛烷值测定方法有两种：马达法和研究法，两种方法测出的数值是不一样的。现在我国车用汽油的标号采用研究法测定的数值，93号汽油表示它的辛烷值不低于93#，余此类推。发动机根据压缩比的不同应选用不同标号的汽油，这在每辆车的使用手册上都会标明。如果高压缩的发动机使用不适合的低标号的汽油，就会产生爆震。  因为压缩比高的发动机具有很好的经济性，它的效率高、耗油量低，所以现代汽车的发动机压缩比一般都设计较高。压缩比高的发动机产生爆震的倾向也较大，这就要求使用抗爆性好，即高辛烷值的汽油。提高汽油辛烷值的方法主要有两种：一种是在汽油中加入抗爆剂，另一种方法是采用含有高辛烷值烃类成分的汽油炼制工艺。在众多种类的抗爆剂中，人们发现四乙铅的搞爆效果特别显著，只要少量的四乙铅就能大大提高汽油的辛烷油，因此，从1921年起，四乙铅作为有效而又经济的汽油抗爆剂被广泛使用。四乙铅是一种带水果香味、有剧毒的油状液体，它能通过呼吸道、食道以及无伤口的皮肤进入人体，并且很难排泄出来。当人体内的铅累积到一定量时，便会使人中毒，轻度中毒会有头晕、头艰、没有食欲、疲倦、乏力、失眠和血压下降等症状；重度中毒是会发生腹部痛和神经系统错乱，甚至死亡。因此，含铅汽油对环境及人类造成的危害是很大的。由于现代社会汽车的拥有量在不断增加，为了保护环境、控制污染，许多国家都严格禁止使用含铅汽油并制定了日趋严格的汽车废气排放控制标准和环境保护法规，我国已率先在北京市使用无铅汽油，并定于2000年全国统一使用无铅汽油。 汽车保养就如同健身，对延长汽车的使用寿命有很大帮助。很多车主平时工作太忙，等到节假日又把时间用在休闲旅游上。这样循环往复，自己既没有时间养护，又不具备养护专业知识，最终汽车会以发生故障为抗议，到那时后悔晚矣。 根据环境情况和车型的不同，轿车一般每5000公里左右保养一次。其主要内容是更换机油、机滤。由于机油与空气接触及受热易被逐渐氧化，随着油中的酸性物质、胶质、铁屑慢慢地增多，机油的颜色会渐渐变黑，黏度也会逐渐下降，到了规定的换油期则必须更换新油。如果长时间不更换机油，这些沉淀物可能会阻塞油道，导致发动机干磨，严重影响发动机的使用寿命。在车辆使用过程中由于不重视定程保养而导致严重后果的例子屡见不鲜。首先反映为发动机机油盖，很明显，盖子上面满是黏稠的固体物质，盖子上的胶状体尚且如此，发动机润滑系阻塞程度可想而知了。第二为机油尺，油尺的末端成黑色表示上面的沉积物已经高温烧蚀，润滑油带走热量的功能已经严重下降，发动机在过高温度情况下工作会严重影响使用寿命。其次很明显新润滑油因为加注口阻塞无法顺畅流入发动机内部，教训是惨痛的，只要能够按照要求进行定程保养，这些问题是绝对可以避免的。保养项目中除更换项目外，还有很多检查项目，工序流程也是相当细致和复杂。首先，要确保汽车各个系统的润滑和油路无渗漏，对各种液面的检查缺一不可：机油液面、防冻液液面、刹车油液面、助力转向液面、齿轮油液面、电解液液面、玻璃清洁液液面等。需要添加的要及时增补，发现渗漏现象，要做到小病及早发现、提前解决，将其对车辆损害降到最低程度。其次，与驾驶员生命息息相关的制动、行使和动力系统也是保养检查的重头戏。内容包括：制动磨擦件的磨损情况、手制动间隙配合、轮胎磨损状况及气压检测、离合器间隙调整等项目。千万不要贪图便宜到路边摊做保养，那些地方对检查和添加项目往往一笔带过，没有质量保证，最后吃亏上当的只有自己。另外，全车照明及指示灯的检查也是必不可少的。如今的交法条文一天比一天细，处罚力度一天比一天大。无疑，在灯光不全的情况下驾车上路是不明智的行为。保养中更换零部件依据行使里程的需要有所区别。各汽车品牌对其下名下的不同车型安排保养计划，更换燃油滤清器、空气滤清器、空调滤清器、火花塞、正时皮带、制动液、齿轮油等部件。适时更换以上部件对于保持和恢复汽车的技术性能，保证汽车具有良好的使用性和可靠性、延长使用寿命有重要意义。广大司机朋友要改变老的“以修代保”的错误观念，不可以嫌麻烦、图省钱而不保养汽车，以免因小失大。