SH3501-2002双语版（附加说明）
备案号:J249,SH2003
中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准
Trade Standard for Petrochemical Industry of PRC
SH 3501,2002
代替SH 3501,2001
SH 3501-2002
A substitute version of SH 3501-2001
石油化工有毒、可燃介质管道
工程施工及验收规范
Specification for construction and acceptance of hypertoxic and combustible medium piping engineering in petrochemical industry
Chinese language is the "original" language and if inconsistencies exist between English and Chinese versions, the Chinese version takes precedence and the Chinese version is the legally binding version.
原本以中文书就，如果英文和中文版本之间存在不一致，以中文版本为准，中文版本具有法律约束力。
2003,02,09 发布 2003,05,01 实施
国家经济贸易委员发布
Issued on Feb. 9, 2003 Implemented on May 1, 2003
Issued by State Economy & Trade Commission
目 次
前 言
Foreword
本规范是根据国经贸厅行业[2002]36号文的通知，由中国石化集团第五建设公司对《石油化
工剧毒、可燃介质管道工程施工及验收规范》SH 3501,2001进行修订而成。
The Specification is the revision of Specification for Construction and Acceptance of Hypertoxic and Combustible Medium Piping Engineering in Petrochemical Industry SH3501-2001 revised by The
Fifth Construction Company of the China Petrochemical Corporation according to File [2002]36 issued by State Economy & Trade Commission.
本规范共分9章和2个资料性附录。本规范与SH 3501,2001《石油化工剧毒、可燃介质管
道工程施工及验收规范》相比，主要变化如下:
The Specification contains 9 chapters and 2 data appendixes. The main changes of the Specification comparing with original SH3501-2001 Specification for Construction and Acceptance of Hypertoxic and Combustible Medium Piping Engineering in Petrochemical Industry are:
,适用范围扩大至毒性程度为中度危害和轻度危害介质;
,调整了管道分级规定，与SH 3509,2001《石油化工管道设计器材选用通则》协调一致;
,将有关内容与GB 50235,97《工业金属管道工程施工及验收规范》进行了协调;
,修改了原规范中管道组成件检验、试验的有关规定;
,完善了焊接接头检验方面的有关规定。
----Scope of application is enlarged. Toxic level includes moderate hazard and negligible hazard.
----Specification for pipeline grading is regulated to comply with General Rule for Pipeline
Design and Selection in Petrochemical Industry.
----Specification for inspection and test of constituent elements of pipeline is modified.
----Perfect specification for inspection of weld joint.
本规范以黑体字标志的条文为强制性条文，必要严格执行。
Boldfaces in the Specification are mandatory clauses and must be strictly implemented.
本规范由中国石化集团施工规范管理站淄博分站管理，由中国石化集团第五建设公司负责解
释。
The Specification is managed by Zibo Branch of Construction Specification Management Station of China Petrochemical Corporation, and interpreted by The Fifth Construction Company of the China Petrochemical Corporation.
本规范在实施过程中，如发现需要修改补充之处，请将意见和有关资料提供给我们，以便今
后修订时参考。
In case any repair and supplement are found necessary during implementation of the Specification,
please send the suggestion together with relevant information to us for reference during future update.
管理单位:中国石化集团公司施工规范管理站淄博分站
Management unit: Zibo Branch of Construction Specification Management Station of China Petrochemical Corporation
通讯地址:山东省淄博市132号信箱
Address: Mailbox No. 132, Zibo City, Shandong Province.
邮政编码:255438
Postcode: 255438
主编单位:中国石化集团第五建设公司
Chief editor: China Petrochemical Corporation
通讯地址:甘肃省兰州市西固区康乐路35号
Address: No. 35, Kangle Rd., Xigu District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province
邮政编码:730060
Postcode: 730060
主要起草人:姚代贵 张西庚 汪庆华 单承家
Main drafters:Yao Daigui, Zhang Xigeng, Wang Qinghua, Shan Chengjia
本规范1985年发布，1997年第一次修订，2001年第二次修订，本次为第三次修订。
The specification was issued in 1985, revised in 1997 for the first time, revised in 2001 for the second time, and this is the third revision.
石油化工有毒、可燃介质管道工程施工及验收规范
Specification for Construction and Acceptance of Hypertoxic and Combustible Medium Piping Engineering in Petrochemical Industry
?1范围 Scope
本规范规定了石油化工有毒(毒性程度为极度危害、高度危害、中度危害和轻度危害)、可燃
介质管道工程的施工和检验要求。
The Specification specifies requirements for construction and inspection of hypertoxic (toxic levels are utmost hazard, high hazard, moderate hazard and negligible hazard) and combustible medium piping engineering.
本规范适用于设计压力400 Pa[绝压]~42MPa[表压]，设计温度,196?~850?的有毒、可燃介
质钢制管道工程的施工及验收。
The Specification is applicable for construction and acceptance of hypertoxic and combustible medium steel piping engineering with design pressure of 400Pa [absolute pressure]~42MPa [gage pressure] and design temperature of -196?~850?.
本范围不适用于长输管道及城镇公用燃气管道的施工及验收。
The Specification is not applicable for construction and acceptance of long-distance pipeline and gas pipeline.
本规范中对有毒、可燃介质的划分，是根据GB 5044《职业性接触毒物危害程度分级》和GB 50160《石油化工企业设计防
火规范》作出的。本次修订为保持与GB 50235,97《工业金属管道工程施工及验收规范》和SH3059,2001《石油化工管道设
计器材选用通则》协调，仅将毒性程度为极度危害介质定义为剧毒介质，同时在适用范围中增加了输送毒性程度为中度危害和
轻度危害介质的管道，并增补了有关施工及验收规定。
Definition of hypertoxic and combustible medium in this specification is prepared according to GB 5044 ―Harm Extent
Classification of Professional Contact to Hypertoxic Material‖ and GB 50160 ―Fire Prevention Design Specification for Petrochemical
Enterprise‖. In order to keep consistent with GB 50235-97 ―Construction and Acceptance Specification for Industrial Metal Piping
Works‖ and SH 3059-2001 ―General Regulation on Material Selection for Petrochemical Piping Design‖, this revision has only defined
the extreme harmful medium as virulent medium, and, piping with the transmission hypertoxic levels of moderate harmful and gentle
harmful medium is added in the application scope. The related construction and acceptance specification is also supplemented.
压力范围400 Pa[绝压]~42 MPa[表压]是为了与GB 50316《工业金属管道设计规范》保持协调而所作的规定。
The definition of pressure range 400Pa[absolute pressure]~42Mpa[gauge pressure] is for the purpose to keep consistent with GB 50316 ―Design Specification for Industrial Metal Piping‖.
?2规范性引用文件Normative documents quoted
下列文件中的条款通过本规范的引用而成为本规范的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后
所有的修改单(不包括堪误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本规范，然而，鼓励根据本规范达成协
议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版适用于本规
范。
Provisions in following documents are quoted as provisions of the Specification. Modification
(excluding corrigendum) or revision of dated document is not applicable for the Specification. It is
suggested that all parties who reach an agreement based upon the Specification can study whether the
latest revision of the dated document can be used. Latest revision of undated document is applicable for
the Specification.
GBT/229 金属夏比缺口冲击试验方法
Test Methods for Low Temperature Variation Ratio Impact of Metal
GB/T 4334.1~6 不锈钢耐腐蚀试验方法
Test Method for Anticorrosion of Stainless Steel
GB 5777 无缝钢管超声波探伤方法
Methods for Supersonic Inspection of Seamless Steel Pipe
JB 4730 压力容器无损检测
Nondestructive Test of Pressure Container
SH 3503-2001 石油化工工程建设交工技术文件规定
Specifications for Technical Document of Handover of Petrochemical
Engineering Construction
SH3059-2001 石油化工管道设计器材选用通则
General Rule for Pipeline Design and Selection in Petrochemical
Industry
SH 3064 石油化工钢制通用阀门选用、检验及验收
Selection, Inspection and Acceptance of Common Steel Valve in
Petrochemical Industry
SH 3505 石油化工施工安全技术规程
Specifications for Safety Technology of Construction in Petrochemical
Industry
SH3521 石油化工仪表工程施工技术规程
Technical Specifications for Construction of Meter Works in
Petrochemical Industry
SH 3526 石油化工异种钢焊接规程
Specifications for Welding of Special Steel in Petrochemical Industry
国质检锅[2002]109号 锅炉压力容器压力管道焊工考试与管理规则
GZJG [2002] No. 109 Rules for Examination and Management of Welder for Welding of
Pressure Container and Pipe of Boiler
劳部发[1993]441号锅炉压力容器无损检测人员资格考核规则
LBF [1993] No. 441 Rules for Qualification Test of Operator for Nondestructive Test of
Pressure Container of Boiler
除了规范性引用文件外，在实施本规范时，还会遇到的一个问题是本规范对有毒、可燃介质管道施工中的许多技术要求
并未作出相应的规定，如:管道支承件的检验 ;防腐衬里管道的衬里层质量检验;夹套阀的夹套压力试验;П形弯管的平面度
允许偏差;夹套管加工预制和安装;管道安装前应具备的条件;自由管段和封闭管段的加工尺寸允许偏差;软垫片的尺寸允许
偏差和非金属垫片的氯离子含量限制;焊接接头组对时的管道平直度要求;焊接工艺评定标准和焊接记录;不锈钢管道支架装
配时对氯离子含量限制;管道安装的允许偏差;阀门安装要求;防腐衬里管道安装要求;伴热管安装要求;无法进行液体压力
试验和气体压力试验时的替代性检验;管道涂漆和绝热;管道支吊架在热负荷运行时的检查和调整。
因此，《石油化工有毒、可燃介质管道工程施工及验收规范》SH3501只是根据石油化工行业的特点对国家标准《工业金属管道
工程施工及验收规范》GB50235进行的必要补充。上述管道施工技术要求如果设计文件和其他石油化工行业标准未作明确规定
时，一般应按国家标准《工业金属管道工程施工及验收规范》GB50235-1997和《现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范》
GB50236-1998的规定执行。
?3 总则 General
3.1 有毒、可燃介质管道施工应按设计文件规定进行，修改设计或材料代用，应经设计单位批准。
3.1 Construction of hypertoxic and combustible medium piping shall be carried out as per specifications in design document. Modification of design or replacement of material shall be approved by the design unit.
3.2 管道施工的安全技术和劳动保护，应按SH 3505的规定执行。在已投入生产的区域内施工时，
应按生产区域的特点制定施工安全技术措施。
3.2 Safety technique and labor protection for piping installation shall be implemented according to SH 3505. If construction is carried out in producing area, measures for safety technique of construction shall be formulated according to characteristics of the producing area.
3.3 承担有毒、可燃介质管道施工的单位，必须持有质量技术监督行政部门颁发的相应的压力管
道(压力管道，是指利用一定的压力，用于输送气体或者液体的管状设备，其范围规定为:最高
工作压力大于或者等于0.1Mpa(表压)的气体，液化气体，蒸汽介质或者可燃、易爆、有毒、有腐
蚀性、最高工作温度高于或者等于标准非典的液体介质，且公称直径大于25mm的管道)安装许可
证。
3.3 Unit undertaking construction of hypertoxic and combustible medium piping must have corresponding certificate of pressure piping installation issued by Executive of Quality & Technology Supervision.
3.4 从事有毒、可燃介质管道施工的焊工应按《锅炉压力容器压力管道焊工考试与管理规则》进
行考试，取得合格证书。无损检测人员应按《锅炉压力容器无损检测人员资格考核规则》进行考
核，取得相应的资格证书。
3.4 Welder engaged in hypertoxic and combustible medium piping installation shall take an examination for Rules for Examination and Management of Welder for Welding of Pressure Pipe of Boiler and get the certificate of qualification. Nondestructive test operator shall take an
examination for Rules for Qualification Test of Operator for Nondestructive Test of Pressure
Container of Boiler and get the certificate of qualification.
本规范适用范围内的有毒、可燃介质管道，绝大部分是属于《压力管道安全管理与监察规定》劳部发(1996)140号文规定的安全监察范围，因此，施工单位、从事压力管道焊接的焊工和无损检测人员，都应取得相应的资格证书。 Most of the hypertoxic/combustible medium piping covered in the application scope of this specification is included in safety audit scope specified No.140 Labor Ministry Document (1996), “Safety Management and Audit Regulation for Pressure Piping”. Therefore, the construction unit, welder for pressure piping welding and non-destructive personnel shall obtain relevant qualification certificates.
压力管道许可证目前分为GC1、GC2和GC3三个级别(下一步将改为四个级别)，通常，石油化工工程所包含的压力管道多数具有有毒、可燃、高压、高温等特点，一般应取得GC1级压力管道安装许可证。目前已经取得GC1级《压力管道安装许可证》的施工单位数量全国已经超过200余家，取得GC1级以下的安装单位数量更多，所以实施这条规定并不存在任何困难。
取得压力管道安装许可证，表示取证单位具备了如下条件:
(A)具有法人资格，持有工商营业执照。施工单位对压力管道安装质量具备独立承担法律责任的条件;
(B)具有适应压力管道安装需要的质量管理体系。施工单位具有能够切实保证压力管道安装质量的管理能力，并通过国家安全质量监督行政部门和评审机构审查确认，无论从组织机构、职责权限、资源管理、工程实施或质量检测过程的控制程序上，均能使压力管道安装质量管理体系保持正常、有效地运行，压力管道安全法规和施工技术规范的要求能够得到落实;
(C)有所持压力管道许可证级别的压力管道安装业绩和安装能力。施工单位是具备压力管道安装
经验
班主任工作经验交流宣传工作经验交流材料优秀班主任经验交流小学课改经验典型材料房地产总经理管理经验
的企业，并在人力、物力上均能满足所承担的压力管道安装工作的需要;
(D)其所安装的压力管道工程质量合格，安全性能可靠。经过工程质量验评、试车投产和长期运行，证明该施工单位安装的工程质量合格，能为石油化工装置实现“安、稳、长、满、优”运行创造条件。 为确保压力管道安装单位持续保持质量管理体系的正常有效和压力管道工程质量符合要求，国家对压力管道安装许可证持证单位实行动态管理，包括:
1)特种设备安全监察机构及安全监察人员对持证单位进行日常安全监察;
2)持证单位的压力管道安装质量管理体系责任人员向省和地市级质量技术监督行政部门备案; 3)持证单位名称、地址改变，更换法定代表人或管理者代表，以及质量手册改版时，应在15天内向发证安全监察机构和评审机构备案;
4)实施压力管道工程开工前的书面告知制度;
5)压力管道安装过程接受有资格的检验机构进行安全质量监督检验;
6)压力管道安装许可证的有效期为五年(今后将改为四年)，到期前应申请换证并接受换证评审，合格后方可换取新的压力管
道安装许可证。
(2)从事有毒、可燃介质管道施工的焊工应按《锅炉压力容器压力管道焊工考试与管理规则》进行考试，取得合格证书。与对压力管道安装许可证的要求相似，即使超出压力管道安全监察范围的有毒、可燃介质管道，也要求焊工持有锅炉压力容器压力管道焊工资格证才能上岗施焊。需要注意的是，有些单位在此前按照《现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工验收规范》GB50236—97的规定考试合格从事管道焊接的焊工，应尽快按照《锅炉压力容器压力管道焊工考试与管理规则》重新考试取证，否则，今后这些焊工不能从事有毒、可燃介质管道的焊接工作。此外，还应对焊工按人建档并实行动态管理，掌握每个焊工的合格项目和施焊业绩，不但注意焊工施焊时有否相应的合格项目，同时注意该焊工的合格项目是否有效，即在持证期间该焊工是否中断过该合格项目在受监察设备(工程)施焊工作六个月以上。对于中断过受监察设备(工程)施焊工作六个月以上的焊工，必须重新考试或提前办理免试手续(如符合规定的条件)，保证焊工做到持证上岗。
(3)无损检测人员应按《锅炉压力容器无损检测人员资格鉴定考核规则》进行考试，取得相应的资格证书。应当注意，这里规定必须按照《锅炉压力容器无损检测人员资格鉴定考核规则》的规定取得相应资格证书，对其他机构(如机械工程学会、电力部门)颁发的资格证书一律视为无效。同时，无损检测人员必须由锅炉压力容器安全监察部门在其证书上注明所在单位的名称且须与承担无损检测工作的单位名称一致，否则不能作为承担检测任务的单位成员上岗操作，其出具的检测
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无效。
?4 管道分级 Pipeline grading
4.1 输送有毒、可燃介质管道的分级，应符合SH 3059,2001的规定(见表1)。常见毒性介质、可燃介质参见附录A。
4.1 Grading of pipeline conveying hypertoxic and combustible medium shall meet specifications in SH
3059,2001 (see table 1). Please see Appendix A for common hypertoxic and combustible medium.
表1 管道分级
Table 1 Pipeline Grading
管道级别适用范围 Pipeline Scope of application grading
1毒性程度为极度危害介质管道(苯管道除外?)
2 毒性程度为高度危害介质的丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢介质管道?
3 设计压力大于或等于10.0MPa输送有毒、可燃介质管道
1. Utmost hazard pipeline (except benzene pipeline) SHA 2. Acrylon, carbonyl chloride, carbon disulfide and hydrogen fluoride medium
pipeline whose toxic level is high hazard
3. Pipeline conveying hypertoxic and combustible medium with design pressure
?10.0MPa
SHB 1 毒性程度为极度危害介质的笨管道
2 毒性程度为高度危害介质管道(丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢管道除外)
类液化烃、甲类、乙类可燃液体介质管道 3 甲类、乙类可燃气体和甲ABA
1. Utmost hazard benzene pipeline
2. High hazard medium pipeline (except Acrylon, carbonyl chloride, carbon
disulfide and hydrogen fluoride pipeline)
3. Category A and B combustible gas and Category Aand Bcombustible liquid B A
medium pipeline
1 毒性程度为中度、轻度危害介质管道
2 乙类、丙类可燃液体介质管道 BSHC 1. Moderate and negligible hazard medium pipeline
2. Category Band C combustible liquid medium pipeline B
设计温度低于-29?的低温管道 SHD Pipeline with design temperature lower than -29?
4.2 输送同时具有毒性和可燃特性介质的管道，应按本规范中的高级别管道处理。
4.2 Pipeline conveying both hypertoxic and combustible medium shall be treated as high-level pipeline
in the Specification.
4.3 输送混合介质的管道，应以主导介质作为管道分级的依据。
4.3 Pipeline conveying mixed medium shall take dominant medium as grading reference.
本次修订虽扩大了规范的适用范围，但仍不适用于无毒、非可燃介质管道的施工及验收。修订后的管道分级与SH 3059,2001保持一致，取消了原规范中将SHB级管道分为SHB I、SHB II两级的规定，SHB级管道仅保留原SHB I级管道，将中度、轻度危害介质管道与原SHB II级管道合并作为SHC级管道，低温管道单列为SHD级管道。此外，根据石化行业的特点，本规范将毒性程度为极度危害介质的苯管道作为SHB级管道处理，将毒性程度为高度危害介质的丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢管道作为SHA级管道处理。
Though the application scope is widened in this revision of specification, it is still not applicable for construction and acceptance of nonhypertoxic and incombustible medium piping. The piping grading in the revision is consistent with SH 3059-2001, canceling the definition of Grade SHB I and SHB II for SHB piping in the original specification and only retaining the specification of original Grade SHB I for SHB piping. Moderate and gentle harmful medium piping, and the originally defined Grade SHB II piping are incorporated into Grade SHC piping, and low temperature piping is separately specified as Grade SHD piping. Moreover, based on the petrochemical industrial characteristics, this specification has defined benzene piping with a hypertoxicity level of extremely harmful medium as Grade SHB piping and acrylon, carbonyl chloride, carbon disulfide sulphide and hydrogen fluoride piping with a hypertoxicity level of high harmful medium as Grade SHA piping.
对于无毒、非可燃介质管道，其施工及验收规定可按照设计文件和GB 50235的规定执行。 The construction and acceptance of non-hypertoxic and incombustible medium piping can accord to the specification of design document and GB 50235.
介质的致毒性是指介质具有使人中毒的特性。当这些介质被人吸入或与人体接触后，能对人体造成伤害，甚至死亡。根据《职业性接触毒物危害程度分级》GB5044的规定，毒物按急性毒性、急性中毒发病状况、慢性中毒患病状况、慢性中毒后果、致癌
性和最高允许浓度等六项指标，将毒物分为极度、高度、中毒和轻度危害四个等级，并列举了常见的56种毒物在某些行业中的危害程度分级。但该标准同时指出:对接触同一毒物的其他行业(该标准表2中未列出的)的危害程度，可根据车间空气中的毒物浓度、中毒患病率、接触时间的长短划定级别。凡车间空气中毒物浓度经常达到TJ36—79《工业企业设计卫生标准》中所规定的最高容许浓度值，而其患病率或症状发生率低于本分级标准中相应的值，可降低一级。所以，对于某种具体物质，国家标准和专业标准在划分危害等级时存在差异是正常的。石油、化工和石油化工等以管道输送介质为主的生产过程，有毒物质处于连续、密闭状况下流动，其危害程度取决于因事故致使毒物与人体接触，或因经常性泄漏引起职业性慢性危害的机率，通常要低于非密闭性生产过程。因此，在压力管道设计时具体确定毒物危害等级主要以车间空气中毒物浓度、中毒患病率、接触时
间长短来划定。
关于车间空气中毒物的最高允许浓度规定如下:
3极度危害:最高允许浓度小于0 .1 mg/m;
33高度危害:最高允许浓度为0 .1 mg/m ~1 .0 mg/m。
根据《工业企业设计卫生标准》(TJ36—79)的规定，苯、丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢等五种毒物在车间空气中和居住区大气中的最高允许浓度见表4:
由表4可见，苯在车间空气中的最高允许浓度远远高于极度危害介质规定的限值。也高于丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢等四种介质。
表4 几种毒物的最高允许浓度
毒物名称 苯 丙烯腈 光气 二硫化碳 氟化氢
车间空气允许浓度 40.0 2.0 0.5 10.0 1.0 3(mg/m)
0.0.04 0居住区大气允许浓度(日平均0.8 0.05 —— 30(一次) mg/m) 7 (一次0.02)
当一种介质同时具有致毒性和可燃性时，将该介质分别按毒性分级和火灾危险性分类后在本规范划所对应的管道级别中确定级别较高的等级。输送混合介质的管道应以主体导介质作为管道分级的依据。所谓“主导介质”，应理解为混合流体中含量较多的有毒、可燃介质或危险性较大的介质。施工单位在处理此类问题时，一般应与设计单位协商确定。
SH3501管道适 用 范 围 压力管道法规中的管道级别 级别
GC1 1(除苯以外的极度危害介质管道
P?4MPa且T?400?为GC1; SHA 2(丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢管道 P,1MPa且T,400?为GC3;
其余为GC2。
GC1 3(P?10MPa的有毒、可燃介质管道
1(苯管道 SHB GC1
P?4MPa且T?400?为GC1; 2(除丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢外的高P,1MPa且T,400?为GC3; 度危害介质管道 其余为GC2。
3(甲类、乙类可燃气体和甲A类液化烃，甲BP?4MPa为GC1;
类可燃液体管道 P,4MPa为GC2。
P?4MPa且T?400?为GC1;
4(乙A类可燃液体管道 P,1MPa且T,400?为GC3;
其余为GC2。
P?4MPa且T?400?为GC1; 1(中度、轻度危害介质管道 P,1MPa且T,400?为GC3;
其余为GC2。 SHC P?4MPa且T?400?为GC1; 2(乙B、丙类可燃液体管道 P,1MPa且T,400?为GC3;
其余为GC2。
P?10MPa或极度危害介质为GC1;
甲、乙类可燃气体，甲A类液化烃，甲B类可
燃液体:P?4MPa为GC1; SHD 设计温度低于-29?低温管道 P,4MPa为GC2;
其他可燃、有毒介质:P,1MPa为GC3;其余
为GC2。
?5 管道组成件检验 Inspection of constituent elements of pipeline
?5.1 一般规定 General specifications
5.1.1 有毒、可燃介质管道工程使用的管道组成件，应符合设计文件规定及本规范的有关要求。
5.1.1 Constituent elements of pipeline for Hypertoxic and Combustible Medium Piping
Engineeringshall meet the requirements in design document and the Specification.
5.1.2 管道组成件(管子、阀门、管件、法兰、补偿器、安全保护装置等)的制造单位，当所在
地质量技术监督行政部门有规定时，应取得《压力管道元件制造单位安全注册证书》。
5.1.2 Manufacturer of constituent elements of pipeline (pipe, valve, pipe fittings, flange, compensator,
safety protection device, etc.) shall have Registered Certificate of Manufacturer for Safety
Production of Elements of Pressure Pipe if it is required by local executive of quality &
technology supervision.
5.1.2 本条是根据《特种设备安全监察条例》、《压力管道安全管理与监察规定》和《压力管道元件制造单位安全注册与管理办
法》的要求:This clause is set down according to the requirement of “Safety Management and Audit Regulation for Pressure Pipin.除
了已取得《压力管道安装许可证》的施工单位自制并在本单位施工的工程中使用的管道组成件以外，均应向质量技术监督行政
部门申请安全注册并取得安全注册证书。经安全注册的制造厂的产品上应有安全注册标识，同时带有符合要求的质量证明书或
合格证而制定的。
5.1.3 管道组成件必须具有质量证明文件，无质量证明文件的产品不得使用。
5.1.3 Constituent elements of pipeline must have certificate of qualification. Product having no the
certificate can’t be adopted.
产品在使用前，应对质量证明文件进行审查，并与实物核对。若到货的管道组成件实物标识
不清或与质量证明文件不符或对产品质量证明文件中的特性数据或检验结果有异议，供货方应按
相应标准作验证性检验或追溯到产品制造单位。异议未解决前，该批产品不得使用。
Certificate of qualification of products shall be checked before use. If marks of the constituent
elements are unclear, or not conform to certificate of qualification, or there is objection about performance data or inspection result in certificate of qualification, the Supplier shall carry out
experimental verification based upon related standard or track back to the manufacture. Before
settlement of objection, the products can’t be used.
5.1.3 本条规定对质量证明文件中的特性数据或检验结果主要指化学成分
分析
定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析
、拉力试验、冲击试验、水压试验、压扁试验、扩口试验、超声波检测、涡流试验等检、试验结果。若有异议时应进行必要的分析检验，分析检验主要指力学性能和化学成分的分析检验。“异议”主要指特性数据与标准不符或特性数据不全等情况。
5.1.4 This clause defines that the characteristic data, and inspection and test results in quality identification document mainly indicate the detection and test results of chemical composition analysis, tensile test, flattening test, flaring test, supersonic detection, eddy current test and etc. When dispute exists, necessary analysing inspection shall be performed, which mainly indicates the analysing test for mechanical performance and chemical composition. ―Dispute‖ mainly indicates the inconformity of characteristic data and with the standard or incomplete characteristic data and etc.
管道组成件的质量是确保管道工程质量和安全运行的重要保证，管道元件质量证明书是管道元件制造质量是否符合规范和标准要求的重要证明文件。所以对质量证明书必须仔细审查，并与实物进行标识核对，证书和实物的标识不符的应视为无效证件。规范规定，材料无质量证明书的不能使用，对质量证明书中的特性数据或检验结果有异议时，应由供货方按相应标准作验证性检验或追溯到制造单位并解决存在的问题，否则不得验收入库，不得投入使用。我们应注意到:在国家标准《工业金属管道工程施工及验收规范》GB50235-97第3章《管道组成件及管道支承件的检验》的条文说明中有以下叙述:原规范规定制造厂仅需提供(管道组成件和支承件的)合格证明书，现明确规定是质量证明书，而非合格证。这里提出了合格证并非质量证明书的概念，通常，质量证明书应包括证明产品特性的所有技术内容和数据，如在材料特性方面，质量证明书应包括化学成分、力学性能以及订货方要求的其他技术数据，而合格证内容则只写明钢号。目前有些压力管道元件制造单位提供的质量证明书或合格证很不规范，不符合产品标准的要求，产品标识也不具唯一性，不但失去了质量证明文件的作用，也给施工单位的质量管理工作带来困难。遇到这种情况应要求补足证件或拒收。
产品质量证明书的内容不仅包括产品标准中已经明确规定的要求、技术数据和产品标识，还应包括产品标准中规定由订货双方
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确定的检验项目和结果，如GB50235和SH3501中对管道组成件的无损检测要求(第5.2.5条;第5.3.2条;第5.4.1条)、低温冲击韧性(第5.1.6条)、耐晶间腐蚀性能(第5.2.4条)以及阀门的低温密封试验(第5.3.1条)、合金钢组成件的金相分析(第5.4.1条)、垫片和填料特殊规定等专项要求，根据材料产品标准规定，一般需要用户根据设计文件的要求在订单或合同中加以规定(协议项目)。如果按一般材料标准进行采购，则产品质量证明书中不会有这些特殊项目的数据或结果，不能满足设计或施工规范的要求。这是当前压力管道组成件采购中比较常见的问题，应引起我们的注意。
产品标识是说明产品特性的一组代码或标记，如制造厂标记、材料牌号(及代表材料牌号的色标)、产品标准号、
批(件)号、规格等。其中有的具有唯一性，有的则不具有唯一性。而对压力管道组成件来说，质量管理要求其
标识具有唯一性。所谓标识的唯一性，就是某一标识具有不可混淆的特性，是针对某一批或某一件产品所特有的
标识，根据这个标识可以对该件或该批产品的质量进行追溯。显然，在上述代码或标记中通常只有批(件)号具
有唯一性。因此，只有在产品质量证明书和实物上同时标明批(件)号，这批(件)产品才具有可追溯性。而我
国现行产品标准中往往并未明确规定必须在产品质量证明书和实物上同时标识批(件)号。这是目前压力管道元
件质量控制中遇到的一个突出问题，本规范特别在相应条款中对批号作了明确规定，如第5.2.2;5.2.3;5.4.2条。
(注:石油化工行业1996年版管道器材标准中规定管件的表面应有制造批号，但未规定质量证明书上应注明产品
批号)。
5.1.4 管道组成件在使用前应进行外观检查，其表面质量应符合相应产品标准的规定，不合格者
不得使用(在国家标准GB50235—97第3.0.2条条文说明中有两点要求:一是要求供货方提供的产品符合设计
文件的规定;二是规定对产品进行100%外观检查)。
5.1.4 Appearance inspection of constituent elements of pipeline shall be carried out before use. Quality
of their surfaces shall meet the specification in corresponding standard. Unqualified product can’t be
used.
5.1.5 合金钢管道组成件主体的关键合金成分，应根据本规范规定的比例采用光谱分析或
其他方法进行半定量分析复查，并作好标识[在验证性检验工作中，合金钢组成件的合金元素分析国内目
前一般采用快速光谱分析法，即用便携式光谱分析仪进行检测。在国家标准GB50235中，对合金钢组成件的合金
元素分析规定为“确定材质”，而SH3501第5.1.5条中则明确为“关键合金成分”，具体实施时应根据材料的使用特
性确定需要进行分析的元素，光谱的分析精度应达到半定量要求，避免误用。除了光谱分析外，本规范还提出可
用其他方法进行合金元素分析。在过去，这些分析方法主要是用取样分析或点滴分析等化学分析方法。现在已经
有了便携式的X射线合金元素分析仪和同位素合金元素分析仪，可对合金钢的铬、铁、镍、钼、钨等化学成分进
行快速分析]。
5.1.5 Certain proportion (specified in the Specification) of alloyed steel pipeline’s main body, alloying component, shall be checked with spectral analysis method or other methods. Marks shall
be made.
5.1.6 设计文件有低温冲击值要求的材料，产品质量证明文件应有低温冲击韧性试验值，
否则应按GB /229的规定进行补项试验[这些验证性和补充性检验包括:根据国家标准或其他行业标准的规
定进行阀门压力试验和密封试验，解体检查以及合金钢组成件的合金元素分析，特殊用途组成件的无损检测和专
项检验，弹簧支吊架的校核性试验等]。
5.1.6 If there are requirements for low temperature impact value of a material in design document,
certificate of qualification of the material shall have low temperature impact toughness test value;
otherwise, additional test shall be done according to GB/229.
5.1.7 凡按规定作抽样检查或检验的样品中，若有一件不合格，必须按原规定数加倍抽检，若仍
有不合格，则该批管道组成件不得使用，并应作好标识和隔离。
5.1.7 If one of samples is unqualified during sampling inspection, certain amount (specified in
the Specification) of products shall be inspected. If there still is unqualified product, the
batch of products can’t be used. And they shall be marked and separated with other
products.
5.1.7 关于抽查检验的程序与选用合格品的规定，符合GB/T 19000质量管理标准要求，也有利于促进管道组成件生产企业提高产品的质量管理，从而保证建设工程的质量。
5.1.7 For the specification of spot test procedure and qualified product selection, GB/T 19000 quality management standard shall be complied with so as to improve the product quality management of piping constituent elements enterprise, thus the engineering works quality can be ensured.
5.1.8 管道组成件应分区存放，且不锈钢管道组成件不得与非合金钢、低合金钢接触。
5.1.8 Constituent elements of pipeline shall be stacked by areas. Constituent elements of stainless steel
pipeline can’t contact non-alloyed steel and low alloy steel.
?5.2 管子检验 Inspection of pipe
5.2.1 输送有毒、可燃介质的管子，使用前应按设计文件要求核对管子的规格、数量和标识，中、低合金管道应按5.1.5的要求逐根进行合金成份复查。
5.2.1 Specification, quantity and mark of pipe conveying hypertoxic and combustible medium shall be
checked according to the design document.
5.2.2 管子的质量证明文件应包括以下内容:
5.2.2 Certificate of Qualification of pipe shall contain following contents:
a) 产品标准号;
a) Product standard number of product;
b) 钢的牌号;
b) Brand of steel;
c) 炉罐号、批号、交货状态、重量和件数;
c) Stove number, lot number, delivery state, weight and number of packages;
d) 品种名称、规格及质量等级;
d) Name, specification and quality level of variety;
e) 产品标准和订货合同中规定的各项检验结果;
e) Results of all inspections specified in product standard and contract;
f) 制造厂检验印记。
f) Inspection stamp of manufacturer.
5.2.3 若到货管子钢的牌号、炉罐号、批号、交货状态与质量证明文件不符，该批管子不得使用。
5.2.3 If brand, stove number, lot number and delivery state of pipe steel don’t conform to
certificate of qualification, the batch of pipes can’t be used.
5.2.4 有耐晶间腐蚀要求的材料，产品质量证明文件应注明晶间腐蚀试验结果，否则应按GB/T 4334.1~6中的有关规定，进行补项检验。
5.2.4 If the material is required to resist intercrystalline corrosion, result of intercrystalline corrosion test shall be written in the certificate of qualification; otherwise, additional test shall be done according to
GB/T 4334.1~6.
5.2.4 奥氏体不锈钢管的产品标准规定，须作晶间腐蚀试验抽检。本条规定了使用的场合有耐晶间腐蚀要求，质量证明文件上
又没有这一试验结果时，应按相关标准作补项试验。
5.2.4 As per the product standard for austenite stainless steel pipe, random Huey test shall be implemented. This clause specifies that the
application location shall be based on the intercrystalline corrosion requirement. In case of lack of such test result on quality
identification document, supplementary test shall be performed according to the related standard.
5.2.5 输送毒性程度为极度危害和高度危害介质管子的质量证明文件中应有超声波检测结果，否
则应按GB 5777的规定，逐根进行检验。
5.2.5 Ultrasonic detection result for pipe conveying utmost hazard or high hazard medium shall be written in certificate of qualification; otherwise, each pipe shall be detected according to GB 5777.
5.2.5 输送极度危害和高度危害介质的管子，如果质量证明书上没有超声波检测结果，还应按GB 5777的规定进行补项检验，
这是根据输送介质的特性规定的。
5.2.5 Regarding pipe for transmission of extremely harmful and high harmful medium, supplementary supersonic detection shall be
performed according to the provisions of GB 5777 if there is not provided with such detection result in quality identification document.
This specification is set down based on the characteristics of the transmitted medium.
5.2.6 钢管的表面质量应符合下列规定:
5.2.6 Surface quality of steel pipe shall meet following specifications:
a) 钢管内、外表面不得有裂纹、折叠、发纹、扎折、离层、结疤等缺陷;
a) There shall be no crack, fold, hairline crack, wrinkle, separation layer or scab on inner or exterior
surface of steel pipe.
b) 钢管表面的锈蚀、凹陷、划痕及其他机械损伤的深度，不应超过相应产品标准允许的壁厚
负偏差;
b) Depth of rust, hollow, scratch and other mechanical damages can’t exceed the permissible
variation of wall thickness.
c) 钢管端部螺纹、坡口的加工精度及粗糙度应达到设计文件或制造标准的要求;
c) Working accuracy and roughness of thread and groove at end of steel pipe shall meet the
requirements in design document of manufacture standard.
d) 有符合产品标准规定的标识。
d) Have marks meeting standard.
5.2.7 SHA级管道中，设计压力等于或大于10MPa管子，外表面应按下列方法逐根进行无损检测，
检测方法和缺陷评定应符合JB 4730的规定，检验结果以I级为合格:
5.2.7 Nondestructive test shall be done for surface of each pipe whose design pressure ?10MPa
among SHA level pipelines. Test methods and evaluation of defect shall meet specifications of JB 4730. Grade ? will be qualified.
a) 外径大于12mm的导磁性钢管，应采用磁粉检测;
a) Magnetic-particle inspection shall be carried out for magnetic permeable steel pipe with
external diameter larger than 12mm.
b) 非导磁性钢管，应采用渗透检测。
b) Penetration test shall be done for magnetic impermeable steel pipe.
5.2.7 设计压力等于或大于10 MPa的管子，制造单位已做过一系列试验，所以本规范规定只作表面裂纹的无损检测。
5.2.7 For pipe with the design pressure equal to or more than 10Mpa, the manufacturer shall have performed series of tests, therefore,
only non-destruction detection for surface crack is required in this specification.
5.2.8 SHA级管道中，设计压力小于10MPa的输送极度危害介质(苯除外)的管子，每批(指同
批号、同炉罐号、同材质、同规格)应抽5%且不少于一根，按本规范5.2.7条规定的方法和评定
标准进行外表面磁粉检测或渗透检测，检验结果以II级为合格。抽样检验不合格时，应按本规范
5.1.7条的规定处理。
5.2.8 Exterior surface magnetic-particle inspection or penetration test shall be done for 5% (at least one piece) of each batch (of the same lot number, stove number, material and specification) of pipes conveying utmost hazard medium (except benzene) with design pressure less than 10MPa according to methods and criteria for evaluation in Clause 5.2.7. Grade ? will be qualified. If it
is unqualified, the pipes shall be treated according to Clause 5.1.7.
5.2.8 SHA级管道中，设计压力小于10 MPa、输送极度危害介质的管子，应抽5%作表面无损检测。抽样检验程序应符合本规
范5.1.7条的规定。
5.2.8 Regarding the pipe with the design pressure less than 10Mpa and for extremely harmful medium transmission in Grade SHA piping, 5% shall be sampled for surface crack non-destruction detection and such sampling detection shall comply with Clause 5.1.7 of
this specification.
5.2.9 管子经磁粉检测或渗透检测发现的表面缺陷允许修磨，修磨后的实际壁厚不得小于管子公
称壁厚的90%，且不得小于设计文件规定的最小壁厚。
5.2.9 Surface defect found by magnetic-particle inspection or penetration test can be grinded. But the wall thickness after grinding can’t be less than 90% of nominal thickness of the pipe and min. thickness
specified in design document.
5.2.9 关于缺陷打磨，原规范中仅规定打磨后的实际壁厚不小于公称壁厚的90%。为保证修磨后的管子的实际壁厚仍符合设计
文件的要求，因此本次修订增加了“且不得小于设计文件规定的最小壁厚”。
5.2.9 For defect area grinding, the original specification only specifies that the actual wall thickness after being ground shall not be less
than the 90% of the nominal wall thickness. In order to ensure the conformity of the actual wall thickness after being ground to the design
document, this revision has supplemented that ―and shall not less than the minimal wall thickness given in the design document‖.
?5.3 阀门检验 Inspection of valve
5.3.1 设计文件要求做低温密封试验的阀门，应有制造单位的低温密封性试验合格证明书。
5.3.1 If cryogenic seal test for valve is required in design document, certificate of qualification for cryogenic seal test shall be provided by the manufacturer.
5.3.2 用于SHA级管道的通用阀门，其焊缝或阀体、阀盖的铸钢件，应有符合SH 3064规定的无
损检测合格证明书。
5.3.2 Certificate of qualification (meet SH 3064) for nondestructive test of weld joint and steel casting of
body and cover of universal valve for SHA level pipeline shall be provided.
5.3.3 阀门安装前，应按设计文件中的“阀门规格书”，对阀门的阀体、密封面及有特殊要求的垫
片和填料的材质进行抽检，每批至少抽查一件;合金钢阀门的阀体应逐件进行光谱分析。若不符
合要求，按5.1.7规定办理。
5.3.3 Before installation of valve, sampling inspection shall be done for materials of valve body, sealing face, gasket and filler having special requirement. At least one of each batch shall be inspected. Spectral analysis shall be done for valve body of each alloy steel valve. If it is unqualified, the batch of valves can’t be used.
5.3.4 阀门的外观质量应符合产品标准的要求，不得有裂纹、氧化皮、粘砂、疏松等影响强度的
缺陷。
5.3.4 Appearance quality of valve shall meet requirement in product standard. There shall be no crack, scale, sand fusion, loose and other defects that can impact strength of valve.
5.3.5 阀门在安装前，应逐个对阀体进行液体压力试验，试验压力为公称压力的1.5倍，停压5min，
无泄漏为合格。
5.3.5 Before installation, hydraulic test shall be done for each valve body. Maintain the test pressure at 1.5 times of nominal pressure for 5min. if the valve is not leaky, it is qualified.
5.3.6 具有上密封结构的阀门，应逐个对上密封进行试验，试验压力为公称压力的1.1倍。试验
时应关闭上密封面，并松开填料压盖，停压4min，无渗漏为合格。
5.3.6 If the valve has upper seal structure, each upper seal shall be tested. Upper seal face shall be closed and cover of filler shall be loosened. Maintain the test pressure at 1.1 times of nominal pressure for 4min. If the valve is not leaky, it is qualified.
5.3.7 阀门液体压力试验和上密封试验应以洁净水为介质。不锈钢阀门液体压力试验时，水中的
氯离子含量不得超过100mg/L，试验合格后应立即将水渍清除干净。
5.3.7 Clean water shall be used as medium for hydraulic test and upper seal test. When hydraulic test is done for stainless steel valve, content of chloride ion in water can’t exceed 100mg/L. After test, water
spot shall be removed.
5.3.7 试验奥氏体不锈钢阀门时，水中的氯离子含量不得超过100 mg/L，而本规范8.1.7条规定，奥氏体不锈钢管道系统作液体
压力试验时，水中的氯离子含量不得超过25 mg/L。因为管道系统试压后，可能有死角，不能将水排净、吹干，而阀门试压后，
完全可以将水排净，阀体可以擦干。
5.3.7 For testing austenite stainless steel valve, the chloride ion content in water should not exceed 100mg/L, while Clause 8.1.7 of this
specification provides that the chloride ion content in water for the hydraulic test of austenite stainless steel piping system shall not
exceed 25mg/L. After pressure test of piping system, there may be some dead positions where the water cannot be completely drained
and dried, but after the valve pressure test, the water can be completely drained and the valve body can be mopped up.
5.3.8 阀门的阀座密封面应按SH 3064的规定进行密封性试验。
5.3.8 Leakage test for sealing surface of valve seat shall be done according to SH 3064.
5.3.9 凡按SH 3064或API标准制造并有相应认证标志，且用户到制造厂监造和验收的阀门，每
批可按5%且不少于一个进行抽检，若有不合格，应按本规范5.1.7条的规定处理。
5.3.9 If valves are manufactured according to SH 306 or API standard, have certification marks and are supervised and inspected by the user in the manufacturer’s plant, 5% of each batch (at least 1 piece) will be checked. If there is unqualified valve, it shall be treated according to Clause 5.1.7.
5.3.9 目前国内阀门制造厂按本条要求制造的阀门产品质量是可信的，为防止出现产品不符合标准的情况，为保证石油化工企
业生产的安全，仍规定对上述阀门每批抽检5%，如果有不合格产品存在，应按本规范5.1.7条的规定处理。
5.3.9 Presently, the quality of valves manufactured according to this requirement by the domestic valve manufacturer is reliable, however,
in order to prevent from the existence of inconformity of products to the standard and ensure the production safety of petrochemical
enterprise, 5% of each batch of the above mentioned valves shall be stilled tested. In case of inconformity, Clause 5.1.7 shall be followed
for the disposal.
5.3.10 安全阀应按设计文件规定的开启压力进行调试。调压时压力应平稳，启闭试验不得少于3
次。调试合格后，应及时进行铅封。
5.3.10 Commissioning of safety valve shall be carried out with cracking pressure specified in design document. The pressure shall be stable. At least three times of start-stop test shall be done. Qualified safety valve shall be sealed with lead after commissioning.
5.3.11 检验、试验合格的阀门，应作出标识，并填写阀门检验、试验记录。
5.3.11 Qualified valves shall be marked, and inspection and test records shall be made.
?5.4 其他管道组成件检验 Inspection of constituent elements of other pipes
5.4.1 对其他管道组成件的产品质量证明文件，应进行核对，且下列项目应符合产品标准的要求:
a) 化学成分及力学性能;
b) 合金钢锻件的金相分析结果;
c) 热处理结果及焊缝无损检测报告。
5.4.1 Certificate of qualification of constituent elements of other pipes shall be checked. Following
items shall meet the requirements in product standard.
a) Chemical constitution and mechanical property.
b) Metallographic analysis result of alloy steel forging
c) Heat treatment result and nondestructive test report of weld joint.
5.4.2 管件外表面应有制造厂代号(商标)、规格、材料牌号和批号等标识，并与质量证明文件
相符，否则不得使用。
5.4.2 Exterior surface of elements shall have code name (trademark), specification and brand and lot number of material that are conform to certificate of qualification. Otherwise, it can’t be used.
5.4.3 管件的表面不得有裂纹，外观应光滑、无氧化皮，表面的其他缺陷不得超过产品标准规定
的允许深度。坡口、螺纹加工精度应符合产品标准的要求。焊接管件的焊缝应成形良好，且与母
材圆滑过渡，不得有裂纹、未熔合、未焊透、咬边等缺陷。
5.4.3 Surface of elements shall be smooth without crack and scale. Other defects on surface can’t
exceed the permissible depth specified in product standard. Working accuracy thread and groove
at end shall meet the requirements in product standard. Weld joint of pipes shall be smooth and
well join with the pipe. There shall be no crack, stick-out weld, faulty fusion and undercut.
5.4.4 SHA级管道的管件应按本规范5.2.7条、5.2.8条的规定进行表面无损检测。
5.4.4 Nondestructive test for surface of elements of SHA level pipeline shall be carried out
according to Clause 5.2.7 and 5.2.8 of the Specification.
5.4.5 螺栓、螺母的螺纹应完整，无划痕、毛刺等缺陷，加工精度符合产品标准的要求。螺栓、
螺母应配合良好，无松动或卡涩现象。
5.4.5 Threads of bolt and nut shall be complete without scratch or burr. Working accuracy shall meet the
product standard. Bolt and nut shall fit with each other without loose or lock.
5.4.6 设计压力等于或大于10MPa管道用的合金钢螺栓、螺母，应逐件进行快速光谱分析，每批
应抽两件进行硬度检验，若有不合格，按本规范5.1.7条的规定处理。
5.4.6 Quick spectral analysis test of each alloy steel bolt and nut for pipeline with design pressure ?
10MPa shall be done. Hardness inspection of two elements each batch shall be tested. If it is
unqualified, it shall be treated according to Clause 5.1.7.
5.4.6 本条规定设计压力等于或大于10 MPa管道用的合金钢螺栓、螺母应采用快速光谱分析逐件进行材质确认，同时每批应抽
两件进行硬度检验是根据石油化工企业生产长周期连续运行的特点而制定的。螺栓、螺母的标准硬度值，可参见下表。
5.4.6 This Clause specifies that the design pressure shall be equal to or more than 10Mpa. The alloy bolts and nuts used for piping shall
be tested to confirm the material quality piece by piece by means of quick optical spectrum analysis. The specification that 2 pieces from
each batch shall be also sampled for hardness test is set down based on the characteristic of continuous operation in a long cycle of
petrochemical industrial production. For the standard hardness values for bolt and nut, see the following table.
高压管道用螺栓、螺母的标准硬度值
Standard hardness value of bolts and nuts for high-pressure piping
钢 号 硬度值，HB 依据标准
Steel Grade Hardness value, HB Standard basis
25 ?170 GB699-88
35 ?197 GB699-88
50 ?241 GB699-88
40Mn ?229 GB699-88
30CrMo、35CrMo ?229 GB3077-88
25CrMoV ?241 GB3077-88
25CrMo1V ?241 GB3077-88
20Cr1Mo1VTiB 211~274 DJ56-79
20Cr1Mo1NbB 236~278 DJ56-79
5.4.7 设计温度低于,29?的低温管道合金钢螺栓、螺母，应逐件进行快速光谱分析检验，每批
应抽两根螺栓进行低温冲击性能检验。若有不合格，应按本规范5.1.7条的规定进行处理。
5.4.7 Quick spectral analysis test of each alloy steel bolt and nut for pipeline with design temperature
lower than -29? shall be done. Low temperature impact performance test of two bolts each
batch shall be done. If it is unqualified, it shall be treated according to Clause 5.1.7.
5.4.7 本条规定低温钢管道的分界线为-29?，现规定与GB 50235保持一致。
o5.4.7 This Clause specifies that the boundary line for low temperature steel piping is –29C. The present specification is consistent with
GB 50235.
5.4.8 其他合金钢管道组成件的快速光谱分析，每批应抽检5%，且不少于一件。若有不合格，应
按本规范5.1.7条的规定处理。
5.4.8 5% (at least one piece) of each batch of alloy steel elements for other pipelines shall be tested with quick spectral analysis. If it is unqualified, it shall be treated according to Clause 5.1.7.
5.4.9 密封垫片应按产品标准进行抽样检查验收，每批不得少于一件。缠绕垫片不得有松散、翘
曲现象，表表面不得有影响密封性能的伤痕、空隙、凹凸不平及锈斑等缺陷。金属垫片、石棉橡
胶板垫片的边缘应切割整齐，表面应平整光滑，不得有气泡、分层、折皱、划痕等缺陷。
5.4.9 Sampling inspection (at least one piece per batch) of gasket seal shall be carried out according to the product standard. The gasket can’t be loose or warped. There shall be no scar, gap, sag, crest and
rusty stain that may impact sealing property on surface. Edge of metallic gasket and rubber slat gasket shall be smooth. The surface shall be smooth and even without bubble, separation layer, fold or scratch.
5.4.10 现场制作石棉橡胶板垫片，不得在低于15?的环境中进行，且自板材制成之日起，耐油
石棉橡胶板储存期限不得超过一年半，普通石棉橡胶板储存期限不得超过两年。
5.4.10 Temperature of workshop for production of asbestos-packing gasket can’t be less than 15?.
Storage life of oil-proof asbestos packing sheet can’t exceed one and half year, and that of common
asbestos packing sheet can’t exceed two years.
5.4.11 法兰密封面不得有径向划痕等缺陷。
5.4.11 Flange shall be sealed without radial scratch.
?6 管道预制及安装 Prefabrication and installation of pipeline
6.1 管道预制 Prefabrication of pipeline
6.1.1 管道预制加工应按现场审查确认的设计单线图或依据管道平、剖面图绘制的单线图进行，
预制加工图上应标注管线编号、现场组焊位置和调节裕量[GB50235对单线图的内容要求是:作为预制
加工的依据，应标明管道系统号、各组成件顺序号、管道组成件的数量、规格、材质。同时在工程施工时在单线
图上记录焊缝位置、焊缝编号、焊工代号、无损检测方法、焊缝补焊位置、热处理焊口编号，作为工程交工文件]。
6.1.1 Prefabrication of pipeline shall be carried out according to designed single line diagram, or single
line diagram drawn based upon plane and section of pipeline that are approved on site. Number of pipeline, position of gang welding and overmeasure shall be indicated in the working diagram.
6.1.2 管道预制过程中的每一道工序，均应核对管子的标识，并做好标识的移植。不锈钢管道、
低温钢管道，不得使用钢印作标识。
6.1.2 During each sequence of prefabrication, marks of pipeline shall be checked. Transfer of marks shall be done well. Steel mark can’t be used for stainless steel pipe and low temperature steel pipe.
6.1.3 弯管最小弯曲半径应符合设计文件要求，当设计文件未规定时，应符合表2的规定。
6.1.3 Min. bending radius of elbow pipe shall meet the requirement in design document. If it is not
specified in the design document, it shall meet the specification in table 2.
表2 弯管最小弯曲半径
Table 2 Min. Bending Radius of Elbow Pipe
管道设计压力 弯管制作方式 最小弯曲半径 Design pressure of pipe Fabrication mode Min. bending radius MPa
热 弯 3.5D0Hot bending ,10 冷 弯 4.0D 0Cold bending
冷、热弯 ?10 5.0D 0Cold and hot bending
注:D为管子外径。 0
Notes: Dn is exterior diameter of pipeline
6.1.4 当设计允许用焊接钢管弯制弯管时，焊缝应避开受拉或受压区。
6.1.4 If it is allowable that elbow pipe can be fabricated by welding of pipes, the weld joint can’t be in tensile or compressive region.
6.1.5 弯管制作后，弯管处的最小壁厚不得小于管子公称壁厚的90%，且不得小于设计文件规定
的最小壁厚。弯管处的最大外径与最小外径之差，应符合下列规定:
6.1.5 After fabrication of elbow pipe, min. wall thickness at elbow can’t be less than 90% of the
nominal thickness and min. thickness specified in the design document. Difference between max. exterior diameter and min. exterior diameter at elbow shall meet the following specifications:
a) SHA级管道应小于弯制前管子外径的5%;
a) For SHA level pipeline, the difference shall be less than 5% of exterior diameter of pipe before
fabrication.
b) SHB、SHC及SHD级管道应小于弯制前管子外径的8%。
b) For SHB, SHC and SHD level pipelines, it shall be less than 8% of exterior diameter of pipe
before fabrication.
弯管壁厚允许减薄量:GB50235规定制作弯管前、后的管子壁厚允许差值如表6所示，且均不得小于管子
的设计壁厚。而SH3501规定弯管的最小壁厚不得小于管子公称壁厚的90%，且不得小于设计文件规定的最小壁
厚。当使用壁厚负偏差管子制造弯管时，GB50235比SH3501要求严格。
表6 制作弯管前、后的管子壁厚允许差值
(mm)
管 道 类 别 允许的最大壁厚减薄量
输送剧毒介质或设计压力?10MPa的管道 弯管制作前管子壁厚的 10%
输送非剧毒介质或设计压力<10MPa的管道 弯管制作前管子壁厚的15%
6.1.6 弯管制作后，直管段中心线偏差?不得大于1.5mm/m，且不得大于5mm。
6.1.6 After fabrication of elbow pipe, deviation of central line of straight section ? can’t be larger
than 1.5mm/m and 5mm.
图1 弯管中心偏差
Fig1. Central deviation of elbow pipe
6.1.7 钢管热弯或冷弯后的热处理，应符合下列规定:
6.1.7 After hot or cool bending, heat treatment of steel pipe shall meet following specifications:
a) 钢管的热弯温度与弯后热处理应按表3的规定进行，表中未列入的钢号，按该材料供货状
态的要求进行;
a) Hot bending temperature and heat treatment of steel pipe shall meet table 3. Steel pipe not listed
in shall meet the requirement in delivery state of the material.
b) 钢管冷弯后的热处理应按表4的规定进行;
b) After cold bending, heat treatment of steel pipe shall be carried out according to table 4.
c) 公称直径大于100mm或壁厚大于13mm的铁素体合金钢管弯制后，应进行消除应力的热
处理;
c) After bending of ferritic alloy steel pipe whose nominal diameter is larger than 100mm or wall
thickness is larger than 13mm, heat treatment for stress relief shall be carried out.
d) 有应力腐蚀的冷弯弯管，应作消除应力的热处理;
d) Heat treatment for relieving of stress shall be done for cold bending elbow pipe having stress
corrosion.
e) 热处理时的加热速度、恒温时间、冷却速度应符合本规范7.4.9条的规定。
e) Heating rate, time of constant temperature, cooling rate for heat treatment shall meet Clause 7.4.9
in the Specification.
表3 钢管热弯温度及热处理
Table 3 Hot Bending Temperature and Heat Treatment of Steel Pipe
热弯温度 钢种或钢号 Hot bending 热处理要求 Steel type or temperature Requirement for heat treatment grade ?
终弯温度小于900?，且壁厚大于等于19mm时，进行600?
10, 20 750~1050 ~650?回火。
Final bending temperature shall be lower than 900?, if wall
16Mn 900~1050 thickness is ?19mm, tempering shall be performed at 600?~650?
12CrMo 900?~920?正火 800~1050 15CrMo Normalizing at 900?~920?
980?~1020?正火加720~760?回火 12Cr1MoV 800~1050 Normalizing at 980?~1020? and tempering at 720~760?
850?~875?完全退火或725?~750?高温回火 1Cr5Mo 800~1050 Complete annealing at 850?~875? or tempering at 725?~750? 0Cr18Ni9 1050?~1100?固溶化 Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti 900~1200 Dissolved at 1050?~1100? Cr25Ni20
本条规定了钢管在热弯或冷弯后的热处理条件。表3列举了常用的几种钢的热弯温度和热处理要求，表中未列入的钢号，热处理要求应按本条的规定处理。表中10、20、16Mn钢热弯的终弯温度低于900?，壁厚大于或等于19 mm的热弯管，应进行600?~650?的回火的规定和表4中10、20钢的热处理条件是根据ASME B31.3和GB 50235,97的规定作出的。
This Clause defines the heat treatment conditions for steel pipe after hot and cold bending. Table 3 lists the common hot bending temperatures and heat treatment requirements. For the steel grades unlisted in the table, the disposal shall comply with the specification of
othis clause. The specification in the table that the 10, 20 and 16Mn hot bent pipe with the final bending temperature less than 900C and
o othe wall thickness equal to or more than 19mm shall be tempered in the condition of 600C ~650C, and the heat treatment condition for
10 and 20 steel in the Table are set down according to the requirement of ASME B31.3 and GB 50235-97.
表4 钢管冷弯后热处理
Table 4 Heat Treatment After Cool Bending of Steel Pipe
钢种或钢号 壁厚 弯曲半径 热处理要求
Steel type or Wall thickness Bending radius Requirement for heat treatment
grade mm
?36 任意Random 600?~650?退火
Annealing at 600?~650? 10，20 19~36 ?5D0
<19 任意Random ,
>20 任意Random 680?~700?退火 12CrMo Annealing at 680?~700? 13~20 ?3.5D 015CrMo <13 任意Random ,
>20 任意Random 720?~760?退火
Annealing at 720?~760? 12Cr1MoV 13~20 ?3.5D 0
<13 任意Random ,
0Cr18Ni9 按设计文件要求 Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti 任意Random 任意Random In design document Cr25Ni20
表4中列举了常用的几种钢管子冷弯后的热处理条件，表中未列入的钢种，应根据交货状态分别对待:热轧状态交货的非合金钢管，可按10、20钢的要求进行热处理;正火状态交货的钢管，当壁厚大于8 mm，管子冷弯后应进行退火热处理;调质状态交货的钢管不宜进行冷弯，否则弯管均应按原供货状态进行热处理。
Table 4 lists the common heat treatment conditions for common types of steel pipes after cold bending. T he pipes unlisted in the table
shall be correspondingly disposed based on the relevant delivery situation: heat treatment according to the requirement for 10 and 20 steel can be adopted for unalloyed steel pipe delivered in hot rolled condition; For the steel pipe delivered in condition of normalization, tempering shall be performed to those with the wall thickness more than 8mm after the cold bending; however the steel pipe delivered in hardening and tempering condition shall not be disposed by cold bending, otherwise, the bent pipe shall be treated based on the original delivery condition.
a)GB50235规定公称直径大于或等于100mm，或壁厚大于或等于13mm的中、低合金钢管热弯后应按设计文件规定进行完全退火、正火加回火或回火处理，未规定具体热处理条件;冷弯后热处理则明确规定了要求。而SH3501第6.1.7条则对热弯和冷弯的热处理条件均作了明确规定，同时又规定了铁素体合金钢弯管加工后须进行消除应力热处理。另外，在SH3501规范中，表4《钢管冷弯后热处理》表中所列钢材牌号未包括GB50235中所列的16Mn、16Mo、09MnV、15MnV、2.5Ni、3.5Ni、12Cr2Mo、Cr5Mo、Cr9Mo等钢号，其中铁素体钢已在条文中作了规定，但珠光体耐热钢则未明确规定，可按照GB50235的规定进行处理，或按本规范条文说明中的要求进行热处理:正火状态交货的壁厚大于8mm的管子弯制的弯管进行退火处理;调质钢一般不宜冷弯，否则按材料原供货状态的要求进行热处理。钢管热弯时，若属本规范表3未列的钢材，而设计对热处理又未作规定时，则弯后应按材料供货状态的要求进行热处理。
铁素体钢包括铁素体合金钢和铁素体不锈耐酸钢。前者是指单相铁素体组织或含少量珠光体的耐热合金钢。铁素体合金钢主要用于低温环境，如16MnDR、09Mn2VDR、2.5Ni、3.5Ni等。铁素体合金钢的韧性是随着温度的降低而降低的，而且在一定温度范围内回很快地由韧性状态转变为脆性状态，因此，铁素体合金钢在低温条件下存在较大的脆性破坏危险。特别是在存在缺口、裂纹、截面突变、残余应力、冲击载荷、应力集中、局部热应
力、焊接热影响区脆化及机械拘束等情况下，脆性破坏的危险性将会增大。通过热处理细化晶粒，可以提高钢的
低温韧性。
铁素体不锈耐酸钢在管子中很少使用。
b)SH3501规定有应力腐蚀的冷弯弯管，应作消除应力热处理;应力腐蚀是钢材在拉应力和腐蚀介质共同作用下
发生的脆性开裂。因此其产生原因与母材，介质以及冷加工和焊接残余应力有关。一般情况下，管道是否有应力
腐蚀倾向应在设计文件中指明。但是一般来说，氯化物、碱和硫化氢是产生应力腐蚀的主要介质。应力腐蚀往往
是在点腐蚀小孔或腐蚀小坑的底部开始出现裂纹，然后逐步扩大，有沿晶间、穿晶和混合型三种扩展形式，扩展
速度很快。消除应力热处理可以改善金属的组织结构，提高抗晶间腐蚀能力。
6.1.8 SHA级管道弯制后，应进行磁粉检测或渗透检测。若有缺陷应予以修磨，修磨后的壁
厚不得小于管子公称壁厚的90%，且不得小于设计文件规定的最小壁厚。
6.1.8After bending, magnetic-particle inspection or penetration test of SHA level pipeline shall be carried out. If there is defect, it can be grinded. After that, the wall thickness can’t be less than 90% of the nominal thickness and min. thickness in design document.
6.1.8管子弯制过程中，容易出现缺陷，为保证对缺陷进行修磨后，管子的壁厚符合设计文件的要求，因此本次修订增加了“且
不得小于设计文件规定的最小壁厚”。
6.1.8 Defect may occur during the pipe bending, therefore, in order to ensure the wall thickness after grinding the defect can reach the
design thickness, this revision has supplemented that ―and shall not less be than the minimal wall thickness given in the design
document‖.
6.1.9 SHA级管道弯管加工、检测合格后，应填写SHA级管道弯管加工记录。
6.1.9 After bending and inspection, Bending record for SHA level pipeline shall be made.
6.1.10 夹套管内的主管必须使用无缝钢管。当主管上有环焊缝时，该焊缝应经100%射线检测，
经试压合格后方可进行隐蔽作业。套管与主管间的间隙应均匀，并按设计文件要求焊接支承块。
6.1.10Main pipe in sleeve shall be seamless steel pipe. If there is girth joint on the steel pipe, the joint shall be checked with 100% radial. If it is qualified, concealed works can be carried out. Gap between sleeve and main pipe shall be uniform. Rest pad shall be welded according the design document.
6.1.10 本条规定了夹套管预制过程中施工单位应执行的关键技术要求，若设计有更详细的规定，应执行设计文件的规定。
其主要技术要求如下:
1)外观检查应无划痕、凹陷等缺陷;
2)焊接质量应符合相应级别管道焊接的要求;
3)熔体介质用的夹套管，对接焊缝内表面高度应为零 ，且表面平整光洁，粗糙度不应低于Ra1.6µm，并应用样板或光洁度测量仪检查，以纵向检查结果为判断依据;
4)输送剧毒、可燃介质的夹套管的内管必须使用无缝钢管。当内管有环焊缝时，该焊缝应经100%射线检测;
5)用通球试验检查弯曲加工后的内管不圆度，通球直径见表8;
表8 夹套管通球试验用的球径 (mm) 弯曲半径 R?3.5D2.5D?R<3.5 D 1.8D?R< 3.5D R<3.5 D W WWWWW通球直径 ?0.9D ?0.85D ?0.8D ?0.75D NNNN注: 对管子外径D? 2 5 或带有连续弯头用手工弯制的弯管，其通球直径允许?0.75DWN
6)夹套管内、外管的同心度要求如下:
内管公称直径小于等于150时允许偏差为1.5 mm;
内管公称直径大于150，小于等于350时允许偏差为2.0 mm;
内管公称直径大于350时允许偏差为3.0 mm。
7)夹套管法兰组装应保证相互配合的夹套管能正确安装。法兰两相邻螺栓孔应跨中，其允许偏差为?1 mm。法兰面的垂直度允许偏差见表9，其密封面的榫凸面宜与流体方向保持一致。
表9 夹套管法兰组装垂直度允许偏差 (mm)
公称直径 垂直度允许偏差
D?100 D?0.4 gg
100,D?200 D?0.6 gg
D,200 D?0.8 gg
8)夹套管的结构尺寸偏差应符合规范的规定。其弯曲角度允许偏差为:内管?1.5mm/m;外管?3mm/m。沿管段全长最大值不得大于5mm。
6.1.10 This clause specifies the critical technical requirements to be followed by the construction unit during the prefabrication of jacket pipe. If more detailed requirement is provided in the design document, this design document shall be complied with.
实际预制加工时应执行相应的标准规范，其主要技术要求如下:
1)外观检查应无划痕、凹陷等缺陷;
2)焊接质量应符合相应级别管道焊接的要求;
3)熔体介质用的夹套管，对接焊缝内表面高度应为零 ，且表面平整光洁，粗糙度不应低于Ra1.6µm，并应用样
板或光洁度测量仪检查，以纵向检查结果为判断依据;
4)输送剧毒、可燃介质的夹套管的内管必须使用无缝钢管。当内管有环焊缝时，该焊缝应经100%射线检测;5)用通球试验检查弯曲加工后的内管不圆度，通球直径见表8;
表8 夹套管通球试验用的球径 (mm) 弯曲半径 R?3.5D2.5D?R<3.5 D 1.8D?R< 3.5D R<3.5 D W WWWWW通球直径 ?0.9D ?0.85D ?0.8D ?0.75D NNNN
注: 对管子外径D? 2 5 或带有连续弯头用手工弯制的弯管，其通球直径允许?0.75DWN
6)夹套管内、外管的同心度要求如下:
内管公称直径小于等于150时允许偏差为1.5 mm;
内管公称直径大于150，小于等于350时允许偏差为2.0 mm;
内管公称直径大于350时允许偏差为3.0 mm。
7)夹套管法兰组装应保证相互配合的夹套管能正确安装。法兰两相邻螺栓孔应跨中，其允许偏差为?1 mm。法兰面的垂直度允许偏差见表9，其密封面的榫凸面宜与流体方向保持一致。
表9 夹套管法兰组装垂直度允许偏差 (mm)
公称直径 垂直度允许偏差
D?100 D?0.4 gg
100,D?200 D?0.6 gg
D,200 D?0.8 gg
8)夹套管的结构尺寸偏差应符合规范的规定。其弯曲角度允许偏差为:内管?1.5mm/m;外管?3mm/m。沿管段全长最大值不得大于5mm。
6.1.11 检验合格后的管道预制件应有标识，并封闭端口，其内部不得有砂土、铁屑、熔渣及其他杂物，存放时应防止损伤和污染。
6.1.11 Qualified prefabricated pipe shall have mark and be sealed. There shall be no sand clay, iron
chips, slag and other sundries in the pipe. Damage and pollution of pipeline shall be prevented
during storage.
6.1.11 管道内部清洁，是施工质量好坏的重要标志，是投料试车一次成功的关键前提之一，本规范6.2.1条也有管道内部清洁的要求。多年来，由于管道内部不干净，严重影响试车进程，影响产品质量，有着深刻的教训。所以预制合格的管道，一定要保证内部清洁，并及时封闭其端口。
6.1.11 The internal cleanness of the piping is the essential aspect affecting the construction quality, the critical requisition for the
successful commissioning and service at the first time. Clause 6.2.1 of this specification also specifies the internal cleanness of piping.
Deepgoing lesson have been learned from the serous impact to commissioning and production quality due to uncleanness inside piping in
the past years. Thus the inside of qualified prefabricated pipes shall be kept clean and the end openings shall be timely closed
6.1.12 管道采用螺纹法兰连接时，螺纹和密封面的加工、检验应符合设计文件的规定。
6.1.12 If pipes are connected with screwed flange, processing and inspection of thread and sealing face
shall meet the design document.
管端加工包括切割、焊接接头坡口加工和管端螺纹加工三部分。切割和焊接坡口的加工要求在本规范第7章《焊
接》中规定。本章对管端加工只规定了采用螺纹法兰连接时，螺纹和密封面加工、检验应符合设计文件的规定。
0螺纹法兰连接是用于高压高温条件下的一种管道可拆卸连接，法兰与管子由螺纹连接，管端断面加工成带20坡
度的密封面，用透镜式钢垫圈作为密封件，密封面的粗糙度要求达到小于Ra0.8的镜面水平。石油化工行业管道
器材标准中尚无此类标准(化工行业有此标准)，故应按设计文件的规定进行加工。在SH/T3517-2001中对这种
连接接头部件的加工要求有具体详细的规定。
6.2 管道安装 Installation of pipeline(规范中未提及的安装技术要求，应执行GB50235、SH3517等相
关标准规范的规定。)
6.2.1 管道安装前，应逐件清除管道组成件内部的砂土、铁屑、熔渣及其他杂物。设计文件有特
殊要求的管道(主要是指内部喷砂、脱脂等特殊要求)，应按设计文件要求进行处理。
6.2.1 Before installation, sand clay, iron chips, slag and other sundries in the pipe shall be removed. Special requirement for pipeline in design document shall be met.
6.2.2 管道上的开孔应在管段安装前完成。当在已安装的管道上开孔时，管内因切割而产生的异
物应清除干净。
6.2.2 Tapping of pipeline shall be completed before installation of pipeline. If the pipeline was installed, foreign bodies caused by cutting shall be removed.
6.2.3 管道安装时，应检查法兰密封面及垫片，不得有影响密封性能的划痕、锈斑等缺陷存在。
6.2.3 When installing pipeline, check sealing face and gasket of flange. There shall be no scratch and rusty stain that can impact sealing property.
6.2.4 安装前，法兰环槽密封面与金属环垫应作接触线检查。当金属环垫在密封面上转动45?后，
检查接触线不得有间断现象。
6.2.4 Before installation, contact wire of flange’s ring type joint face and metallic ring gasket shall be checked. After the metallic ring gasket turns a 40? angle, check whether the contact wire is interrupted.
6.2.5 有拧紧力矩要求的螺栓，应严格按设计文件规定的力矩拧紧。测力扳手应预先经过校验，
允许偏差为?5%。带有测力螺帽的螺栓，必须拧紧到螺帽脱落。
6.2.5 Bolt shall be screwed down with force moment specified in design document, if any. Torque-indicating wrench shall be checked before use. Allowable deviation is ?5%. Bolt with force
measuring nut shall be screwed down till the screw cap is fell off.
6.2.6 流量孔板上、下游直管的长度应符合设计文件要求，且在此范围内的焊缝内表面应与管道
内表面平齐(包括温度计套管的安装方向和插入深度;流量孔板的上、下游直管长度;以及在流量孔板上、下
游直管范围内管道内壁的平滑度要求等，都是安装单位施工时容易忽视的问题)。
6.2.6 Lengths of straight pipes at upper and lower reaches of flow orifice plate shall meet the design document. Inner face of weld joints in the range shall be equal to inner face of pipeline.
6.2.7 温度计套管及其他插入件的安装方向与长度，应符合SH 3521的规定。
6.2.7 Installation direction and length of thermowell and other inserts shall meet SH 3521.
6.2.8 连接法兰的螺栓应能在螺栓孔中顺利通过。法兰密封面间的平行偏差及间距，应符合表5
的规定。
6.2.8 Bolt connection of flange shall be able to pass through the bolt hole smoothly. Parallel deviation and distance between sealing faces of flange shall meet table 5.
表5 法兰密封面间的平行偏差及间距 单位:mm
Table 5 Parallel Deviation and Distance Between Sealing Faces of Flange Unit: mm
平 行 偏 差 管道级别 间 距 Parallel deviation Pipe level Distance DN?300 DN,300
SHA ?0.4 ?0.7 垫片厚+1.5
Thickness of gasket+1.5
垫片厚+2.0 SHB、SHC、SHD ?0.6 ?1.0
Thickness of gasket+2.0
6.2.9 与转动机器(以下简称机器)连接的管道，宜从机器侧开始安装，并应先安装管支架。管
道和阀门等的重量和附加力矩不得作用在机器上。管道的水平度或垂直度偏差应小于1 mm/m。气
体压缩机入口管道因水平偏差造成的坡度，应坡向分液罐一侧(与机器连接的法兰装配，除了平行度
要求外，还有密封面平面的径向偏差规定，这是确保管道与机器实现无应力装配的重要指标。与GB50235不同的
是:一般法兰连接的平行度要求按照管道级别规定精度要求，且不与法兰直径挂钩。与机器连接的法兰接头增加
了转速低于3000r/min的装配精度要求。另外，还增加了两法兰间距离的规定)。
6.2.9 Pipeline to be connected with rotary machine (hereinafter referred to as machine) shall be installed from the machine side. Support of pipeline shall be firstly installed. Weight and additional moment of pipeline and valve can’t act on the machine. Deviation of levelness or verticality of pipeline can’t exceed
1mm/m. The gradient formed at inlet pipe to gas compressor as a result of horizontal deviation shall decline towards liquid separation tank.
6.2.10 与机器连接的管道及其支、吊架安装完毕后，应卸下接管上的法兰螺栓，在自由状态下所
有螺栓应能在螺栓孔中顺利通过。法兰密封面间的平行偏差、径向偏差及间距，当设计或制造厂
未规定时，不应超过表6的规定值。
6.2.10 After installation of pipeline, support and hanger on the machine, flange bolt on connector shall be removed. All bolts shall be able to naturally pass through the bolt hole smoothly. Parallel deviation, radial deviation and distance between sealing faces of flange can’t exceed the values in table 6 if there is no specification in design document or by the manufacturer.
表6 法兰密封面平行偏差、径向偏差及间距
Table 6 Parallel Deviation, Radial Deviation and Distance Between Sealing Faces of Flange
机器旋转速度 平行偏差 径向偏差 间距
Rotary speed of machine Parallel deviation Radial deviation Distance
r/min mm mm mm
,3000 ?0.40 ?0.80 垫片厚+1.5
Thickness of gasket+1.5
3000~6000 ?0.15 ?0.50 垫片厚+1.0
Thickness of gasket+1.0
>6000 ?0.10 ?0.20 垫片厚+1.0
Thickness of gasket+1.0
6.2.11 机器试车前，应对管道与机器的连接法兰进行最终连接检查。检查时，在联轴器上架设百
分表监视位移，然后松开和拧紧法兰连接螺栓进行观测，其位移应符合下列规定:
6.2.11 Before commissioning of machine, flange connecting pipe and machine shall be checked. Dial indicator shall be erected on shaft coupling to monitor the displacement. Loosen and tighten joint bolt of flange to observe its displacement. The displacement shall meet following specifications:
a) 当转速大于6000 r/min时，位移值应小于0.02mm;
a) When rotary speed is larger than 6000 r/min, the displacement shall be less than 0.02mm;
b) 当转速小于或等于6000 r/min时，位移值应小于0.05mm。
b) When rotary speed is less than or equal to 6000 r/min, the displacement shall be less than
0.05mm.
6.2.9~6.2.11 这三条是管道与机器连接时的要求。表6保留原规范SHJ 501,85表3.2.12的所有规定，GB 50235的规定见下表:
6.2.9~6.2.11 These three clauses are in regard to the requirements on the connection of piping to machines. In Table 6, all the
specification of 3.2.12 of Table SHJ 501-85 in the original specification has been maintained and the following table lists the
specification of GB 50235:
法兰平行度、同轴度允许偏差
Tolerance of flange parallelism depth and axiality
机器转速 平行度 同轴度
Machine rotation speed Parallelism depth Axiality
r/min mm mm
3000~6000 ?0.15 ?0.50
>6000 ?0.10 ?0.20
相互比较，本规范保留了转速<3000 r/min时的要求，因为转速小于3000 r/min的转动机器在石化行业里比较普遍。
Through the intercomparison, the requirement under the condition of rotation speed of <3000r/min has been maintained in this specification as the rotating machine with the rotation speed less than 300r/min is commonly used in petrochemical industry.
管子与机器的法兰连接处，单机试车前，应在联轴器上架表检查确认最终连接情况，若有不合格，应进行调整，合格后方能进
行试车。
The final connection status shall be checked for the flange connection of pipe to machine before commissioning through installing
instrument to the coupling. For any inconformity, rectification shall be performed till the conformity status is achieved prior to the
commissioning.
6.2.12 管道系统试运行时，高温或低温管道的连接螺栓，应按下列规定进行热态紧固或冷态紧固:
6.2.12 During commissioning of piping, thermal state fastening or cold state fastening of joint bolt of
high-temperature or low-temperature pipeline shall meet the following specifications.
a) 螺栓热态紧固或冷态紧固作业的温度应符合表7的规定;
a) Working temperature for thermal state fastening or cold state fastening of bolt shall meet
specifications in table 7:
表7 螺栓热态紧固、冷态紧固作业温度 单位:?
Table 7 Working Temperature for Thermal State Fastening or Cold State Fastening of Bolt
Unit: ?
工作温度 一次热紧、冷紧温度二次热紧、冷紧温度
Working temperature Temperature for primary thermal Temperature for secondary
state fastening, cold state thermal state fastening, cold
fastening state fastening
250~350 工作温度 ,
Working temperature
>350 350 工作温度
Working temperature
-70~-29 工作温度 ,
Working temperature
<-70 -70 工作温度
Working temperature
b) 热态紧固或冷态紧固应在紧固作业温度保持2h后进行;
b) Thermal state fastening or cold state fastening shall be carried out after the fastening
temperature has being kept for 2h.
c) 紧固管道连接螺栓时，管道的最大内压力应符合下列规定:
c) When fastening joint bolt of pipeline, max. internal pressure of pipeline shall meet the following
specification:
1) 当设计压力小于6MPa时，热态紧固的最大内压力应小于0.3MPa;
1) When design pressure is less than 6MPa, max. internal pressure of thermal state fastening
shall be less than 0.3MPa.
2) 当设计压力大于6MPa时，热态紧固的最大内压力应小于0.5MPa;
2) When design pressure is larger than 6MPa, max. internal pressure of thermal state fastening
shall be less than 0.5MPa.
3) 冷态紧固应在卸压后进行;
3) Cold state fastening should be done after depressurizing;
d) 螺栓紧固应有保障操作人员的技术措施。
d) Protective measures shall be taken during fastening of bolt.
设计规定应使用力矩扳手进行紧固螺栓时，力矩扳手必须事先进行校验，允许偏差为?5%。
6.2.13 有静电接地要求的管道，各段间应导电良好。当每对法兰或螺纹接头间电阻值大于0.03
Ω时，应有导线跨接。
6.2.13 For pipeline to be provided with static earthing, its each section shall have satisfactory electric conductivity. When resistance between each pair of flanges or screwed connections is larger than 0.03Ω,
additional conductors shall be attached for cross connection.
6.2.14 管道系统静电接地引线，宜采用焊接形式。对地电阻值及接地位置应符合设计文件要求(石
油化工管道静电接地是保证装置安全运行的重要措施。应严格按照有关标准规范施工，SH3517中有相应的具体规
定，本规范第6.2.13至6.2.17条提出的是确保静电接地可靠、有效的主要施工技术要求)。
6.2.14 Static earthing lead of piping shall be welded. Its resistance to ground and earthing position shall
meet the design document.
6.2.15 用作静电接地的材料或零件，安装前不得刷油。导电接触面必须除锈并连接可靠。
6.2.15 Material or part for static earthing can’t be painted with oil before installation. Current
conducting interface must be derusted and stably connected.
6.2.16 有静电接地要求的不锈钢管道，导线跨接或接地引线应采用不锈钢板过渡，不得与不锈
钢管直接连接。
6.2.16 For stainless steel pipeline to be provided with static earthing, stainless steel plate shall be used to connect conducting wire or earth lead with the pipeline. Can’t directly connect the wire with the pipeline.
6.2.17 管道的静电接地安装完毕测试合格后，应及时填写管道静电接地测试记录。
6.2.17 After the pipeline is properly provided with static earthing, static earthing test record shall be
made.
6.2.18 管道安装时，应同时进行支、吊架的固定和调整工作。支、吊架位置应正确，安装应牢固，
管子和支承面接触应良好。支吊架安装是否规范正确是影响管道安全运行的重要环节。本规范第6.2.18至
6.2.25条提出的是确保支吊架可靠、有效的主要施工技术要求。对支吊架的形式和安装位置检查、安装调整时间、
方法和要求都作了具体规定。
6.2.18 During installation of pipeline, fixing and adjustment of support and hanger shall be carried out at the same time. Support and hanger shall be properly installed and fixed. Bearing surface shall properly contact with the pipeline.
6.2.19 无热位移管道的管道吊架，其吊杆应垂直安装。有热位移管道的管道吊架，其吊点应在位
移相反方向，按位移值的1/2偏位安装。
6.2.19 Suspender of pipeline’s hanger without thermal walking shall be vertical. Suspender of pipeline’s hanger with thermal walking shall be installed at the position that is 1/2 displacement away form the suspension center.
6.2.20 固定支架和限位支架应严格按设计文件要求安装。固定支架应在补偿装置预拉伸或预压缩
前固定。
6.2.20 Steady rest and limit support shall be installed strictly according to design document. Steady rest shall be fixed before prestretching or precompression of compensating device.
6.2.21 导向支架或滑动支架的滑动面应洁净平整、不得有歪斜和卡涩现象，且隔热层不得妨碍其
位移。
6.2.21 Slide surface of guide support or sliding support shall be clean and even without skewness or lock. The thermal insulating layer can’t impact its displacement.
6.2.22 弹簧支、吊架的弹簧安装高度，应按设计文件规定进行调整。弹簧支架的限位板，应在试
车前拆除。
6.2.22 Installation height of spring of spring support and hanger shall be adjusted according to the design document. Limit plate of spring support shall be removed before commissioning.
6.2.23 弹簧支、吊架时，焊缝不得有漏焊、裂纹、高度和长度不够等缺陷。支架与管道焊接时，
管子表面不得有咬边现象。
6.2.23 When welding support and hanger, omission of welding, crack on weld joint, insufficient height and length are forbidden. When welding support with pipeline, surface of pipeline shall be free of undercut.
6.2.24 管道安装时，不宜使用临时支、吊架。当使用临时支、吊架时，不得将其焊在管道上。在
管道安装完毕后，应及时更换成正式支、吊架。
6.2.24 Temporary support and hanger may not be used during installation of pipeline. If they are used, they can’t be welded to the pipeline. After installation of pipeline, the temporary support and hanger
shall be replaced with formal support and hanger.
6.2.25 管道安装完毕后，应按设计文件逐个核对、确认支、吊架的形式和位置GB50235第6.3.23
3;的非金属垫片，这是防止支吊条规定:不锈钢管道与支架之间应垫入不锈钢或氯离子含量不得超过50mg/Cm
架上的碳钢部件对不锈钢产生污染腐蚀的重要措施，应认真实施。
6.2.25 After installation of pipeline, form and position of each support and hanger shall be checked and approved.
6.2.26 “II”形补偿器安装，应按设计文件规定进行预拉伸或预压缩，允许偏差为预伸缩量的10%，
且不大于10mm。
6.2.26 Before installation of ? type compensator, prestretching or precompression of compensator shall be carried out according to the design document. Allowable deviation is 10% of pre- stretch magnitude and not longer than 10mm.
6.2.27“II”形补偿器水平安装时，平行臂应与管道坡度相同，垂直臂应呈水平状态。
6.2.27If ? type compensator is installed in horizontal direction, grade of parallel arm shall be the same with that of pipeline. Vertical arm shall be in horizontality.
6.2.27 波形补偿器安装应按下列要求进行:
6.2.27 Requirements for installation of waveform compensator:
a) 按设计文件规定进行预拉伸或预压缩，受力应均匀;
Prestretching or precompression of compensator shall be carried out according to the design
document. Stress shall be uniform.
b) 波形补偿器内套有焊缝的一端，在水平管道上应位于介质流入端，在垂直管道上应置于上
部;
Waveform compensator’s one end having weld joint shall be at inflow end of parallel pipeline
and upper part of vertical pipeline.
c) 波形补偿器应与管道保持同轴，不得偏斜;
Waveform compensator and pipeline shall be dead in line without skewness.
d) 波形补偿器预拉伸或预压缩合格后，应设临时约束装置将其固定，待管道负荷运行前，再
拆除临时约束装置。
After appropriate prestretching or precompression of waveform compensator, temporary
restraint device shall be set to fix the compensator. The device will be removed before loading
operation of pipeline.
6.2.28 管道补偿器安装调试合格后，应做好安装记录。有毒、可燃介质管道设计时一般不选用填料式或
球形补偿器
6.2.28 After installation, commissioning and inspection of compensator, installation record shall be- made.
安装过程应有施工记录的工序包括:法兰连接接头的装配(含与机器连接的法兰装配);有热位移的支吊架和弹
簧支吊架安装调整;补偿器安装调整;静电接地测试;安全装置(爆破板、安全液封、阻火器、安全阀)调整试
验;工程隐蔽。
?7 管道焊接 Welding of pipeline
7.1 一般规定 General specifications
7.1.1 施焊前，应根据焊接工艺评定报告编制焊接作业指导书。焊工应按指定的焊接作业指导书
施焊现在JB4708正在修订为适用于压力管道的焊接工艺评定，届时管道工艺评定将有统一的标准。就目前实际
情况来考虑，结合压力管道已经纳入安全监察范畴这一具体条件，比较合理的处理方法是:《压力容器焊接工艺评
定》JB4708能够覆盖的材料，按JB4708评定合格的评定报告应优先用于管道焊接工艺文件的编制，但应注意按
JB4708-2000年新版完成过渡工作。同时应注意对于要求全焊透而又无法进行内部缺陷检测的角焊缝，如管道中
的支管三通连接接头焊缝，JB4708要求制作型式试验试件进行焊接工艺评定。对JB4708尚未覆盖的管道材料，
一般采用GB50236规定的评定方法，同时原有按GBJ236—82的规定进行评定的焊接工艺评定报告已不能使用。
7.1.1 Welding operation instruction shall be compiled according to welding procedure qualification
report before welding. The welder shall operate according to the instruction.
7.1.2 焊接材料应具有产品质量证明文件，且实物与证书上的批号相符。外观检查时，焊条的药
皮不得有受潮、脱落或明显裂纹。焊丝在使用前应清除其表面的油污、锈蚀等本规范对焊接材料的
质量要求与压力管道组成件的要求基本相同。
焊条应按说明书或焊接作业指导书的要求进行烘烤，并在使用过程中保持干燥。
出厂期超过一年的焊条，应进行焊条焊接工艺性能试验，合格后方可使用对于这种工艺性能试
验的合格标准，规范条文说明中的解释是:试验过程电弧稳定、无异常现象、焊缝成型良好、焊后未产生气孔、
裂纹等缺陷的焊条是可以使用的。不要求对试验的试件进行其他力学性能试验。
7.1.2 Welding materials shall have certificate of qualification. Lot number on material package shall conform to the certificate. Coating of electrode can’t be affected with damp, fall off or have clear crack. Oil stain and rust stain on welding wire shall be removed.
Electrode shall be baked according to the product instruction or welding operation instruction. It
shall be dry during use.
Electrode whose ex-works date exceeds one year shall be tested with welding performance.
Qualified electrode can be used.
7.1.2 本条根据JB3223,83《焊条质量管理规程》第4.3条:“存放一年以上的焊条，在发放前应请质量检验部门，重新做各种
性能试验，符合要求时方可发放，否则不应出库。”的规定而制定的。鉴于各施工单位都改善了焊条的保管条件，并能严格进行
焊条的管理，所以本条规定仅做焊条焊接工艺性能试验。
7.1.2 This clause is set down according to Clause 4.3 of JB 3223-83 ―Electrode Quality Management‖: ―For electrode that has been stored more than one year, each performance tests shall be performed again by quality inspection department before issuing for
application. Only those conforming to the requirement can be issued from the store.‖ Considering all the construction units have
improved their storage condition of electrode and the electrode management requirement has been strictly implemented, this specification
only requires the electrode process performance test.
焊条焊接工艺性能试验时，首选应检查焊条焊芯不得有锈蚀现象，药皮不应有影响焊条质量的缺陷。然后进行焊条的焊接试验，
试验过程电弧稳定、无异常现象、焊缝成型良好，焊后未产生气孔、裂纹等缺陷的焊条是可以使用的。
During electrode weld process performance test, inspection shall be performed for that there shall not be any rustiness on core welding-wire and any defect of the coating affecting the electrode quality. After that, the welding test with electrode can be performed and those electrodes with stable electric arc, no abnormality and good weld shape during the welding test and without any gas pore, crack
or other defects after the welding are applicable.7.1.3 焊接环境温度低于下列要求时，应采取提高焊接环境温度的措施: 7.1.3 When ambient temperatures are less than following values, measures for increase of temperature
shall be taken:
a) 非合金钢焊接，不低于-20?;
b) 低合金钢焊接，不低于-10?;
c) 奥氏体不锈钢焊接，不低于-5?;
d)其他合金钢焊接，不低于0?。
a) Non-alloy steel welding, not lower than -20?;
b) Low alloy steel welding, not lower than -10?;
c) Austenitic stainless steel welding, not lower than -5?;
d)other alloy steel welding, not lower than 0?.
7.1.3 根据GB/T 13304,91《钢分类》的规定，本条将原规范“碳素钢、合金钢、不锈钢”的划分改用“非合金钢、低合金钢、合金钢”表述。
7.1.3 In accordance with the specification of GB/J 13304-91 “Classification of Steel” This clause expresses the classification by
―unalloyed steel, low alloyed steel and alloyed steel ‖ instead of ―carbon steel, alloyed steel, stainless steel‖ in the original specification.
7.1.4 管道的施焊环境若出现下列情况之一，而未采取防护措施时，应停止焊接作业:
7.1.4 If following situations happen in construction site for welding of pipeline and no protective
measure are taken, welding operation shall be stopped:
a) 焊条电弧焊焊接时，风速等于或大于8 m/s;
气体保护焊焊接时，风速等于或大于2 m/s;
b) 相对湿度大于90%;
c) 下雨或下雪。
a) For arc welding of electrode, wind speed is ?8 m/s;
For gas shielded welding, wind speed is ?2 m/s;
b) Relative humidity is >90%;
c) It is raining or snowing.
根据GB50236的条文说明，认为只要在整个焊接过程中能保证被焊区域的足够温度(包括在必要时采取的预热、中间加热、缓冷等手段)就可顺利地进行焊接，获得合格接头，所以对环境温度值给予限制不是充分必要的，故未作强制性规定。
7.1.5 钨极氩弧焊宜用铈钨棒。使用氩气的纯度应在99.95%以上。 7.1.5 Cerium tungsten rod may be used for argon tungsten-arc welding. Purity of argon shall be over
99.95%.
根据氧乙炔焊在焊接过程中容易使焊件产生过热而形成魏氏组织，7.1.6 管道焊接不得使用氧乙炔焰焊接
从而导致材料劣化，降低焊接接头质量。
7.1.6 Oxyacetylene flame can’ be used for welding of pipeline.
7.2 焊前准备与接头组对Preparation and assembly of joints
7.2.1 管道焊缝的设置，应便于焊接、热处理及检验，并应符合下列要求:
7.2.1 Position of seams shall be convenient for welding, heat treatment and inspection, and meet
following requirements:
a) 除采用无直管段的定型弯头外，管道焊缝的中心与弯管起弯点的距离不应小于管子外径，
且不小于10mm;
a) Except sizing elbow without straight pipe, distance between center of welded pipe and origin of
elbow can’t be less than exterior diameter of pipe and 10mm.
b) 焊缝与支，吊架边缘的净距离不应小于50mm。需要热处理的焊缝距支、吊架边缘的净距
离应大于焊缝宽度的5倍，且不小于100mm;
b) Net distance between seam and edges of support and hanger can’t be less than 50mm. Net
distance between seam needing heat treatment and edges of support and hanger shall be larger than
5 times of width of seam and can’t be less than 100mm.
c) 管道两相邻焊缝中心的间距，应控制在下列范围内:
1) 直管段两环缝间距不小于100mm，且不小于管子外径;
2) 除定型管件外，其他任意两焊缝间的距离不小于50mm;
c) Distance between centers of two neighboring seams shall be controlled within the following
range:
1) The distance between two circumferential seams of straight pipe can’t be less than 100mm
and exterior diameter of pipeline.
2) Except calibration pipe, distance between any two seams can’t be less than 50mm.
d) 在焊接接头及其边缘上不宜开孔，否则被开孔周围一倍孔径范围内的焊接接头，应100%
进行射线检测;
d) Weld joint and its edge shall not be preferably perforated; otherwise, 100% radial test shall be done for weld joints within one aperture range.
e) 管道上被补强圈或支座垫板覆盖的焊接接头，应进行100%射线检测，合格后方可覆盖。
e) 100% radial test shall be done for weld joint to be covered by stiffening ring or support pad.
7.2.2 焊接接头的坡口形式、尺寸及组对要求，若设计文件未规定时，宜按附录B确定。
7.2.2 Type of groove, dimension and assembly requirement of weld joints shall be confirmed according
to Appendix B if there is no requirement in design document.
7.2.3 管子坡口应按下列方法加工:
a) SHA级管道的管子，应采用机械方法加工;
b) SHB、SHC及SHD级管道的管子，宜用机械方法加工。当采用氧乙炔焰或等离子切割时，
切割后必须除去影响焊接质量的表面层。
7.2.3 Groove of pipeline shall be processed with following method:
a) For SHA level pipe, mechanical treatment method shall be adopted.
b) For SHB, SHC and SHD pipes, mechanical treatment method may be adopted. If
oxyacetylene flame or plasma is adopted, surface coat that can impact welding quality shall
be removed after cutting.
7.2.4 壁厚相同的管道组成件组对时，应使内壁平齐，其错边量不应超过下列规定:
a) SHA级管道为壁厚的10%，且不大于0.5mm;
b) SHB、SHC及SHD级管道为壁厚的10%，且不大于1mm。
7.2.4 When assembling elements of pipes with the same wall thickness, the inner wall shall be even.
Unfitness of butt joint cant’ exceed the following values:
a) For SHA level pipe, 10% of wall thickness and not larger than 0.5mm;
b) For SHB, SHC and SHD pipes, 10% of wall thickness and not larger than 1mm.
7.2.5 壁厚不同的管道组成件组对，当壁厚差大于下列数值时，应按图2、图3的要求加工。
a) SHA级管道的内壁差0.5mm或外壁差2mm;
b) SHB、SHC及SHD级管道的内壁差1.0mm或外壁差2mm。
7.2.5 When assembling elements of pipes with different wall thickness, if different of wall thickness
exceeds following values, processing shall be done according to figure 2 and 3.
a) For SHA level pipe: inner wall: 0.5mm, or exterior wall: 2mm;
b) For SHB, SHC and SHD pipes: inner wall: 1.0mm, or exterior wall: 2mm.
图2 不同壁厚管子加工要求
Fig.2 Requirements for Processing of Pipes With Different Wall Thickness
图3 不同壁厚管子和管件加工要求
Fig.3 Requirements for Processing of Pipes and Elements With Different Wall Thickness
7.2.6 焊接接头的坡口的渗透检测应按下列规定进行:
a) 材料淬硬倾向较大的管道坡口100%检测;
b) 设计温度低于-29?的非奥氏体不锈钢管道坡口抽检5%。
7.2.6 Requirements for penetration test of weld joint’s groove
a) 100% of grooves with trend of harden quenching shall be tested.
c) 5% of grooves of non-austenitic stainless steel pipe whose design temperature is lower than -29?
shall be tested.
7..2.6 本条规定了焊接接头坡口应进行渗透检测的两类管道。其中淬硬倾向较大的管道，主要指标准抗拉强度下限值б?540 b
MPa的钢管或Cr-Mo合金钢管道。
7.2.6 This clause specifies two types of piping whose groove of welding joint need penetrant test, including piping with obvious
inclination of harden quenching and piping with a lower limit value of standard tensile strengthσ?540, or Cr-Mo alloy steel piping.b
7.2.7 焊接接头组对前，应用手工或机械方法清理其内外表面，在坡口两侧20mm范围内不得有
油漆、毛刺、锈斑、氧化皮及其他对焊接过程有害的物质。
7.2.7 Before assembly of weld joints, inner and exterior faces of it shall be removed with manual or
mechanical method. There shall be no paint, burr, rusty stain, scale and other sundries in 20mm range at
two sides of grooves that can impact welding.
7.2.8 焊接接头组对前，应确认坡口加工形式、尺寸，其表面不得有裂纹、夹层等缺陷。
7.2.8 Before assembly of weld joints, machining mode and dimension of grooves shall be checked.
There shall be no crack or interlayer on the surface.
7.2.9 不锈钢管采用电弧焊时，焊接接头组对前应在坡口两侧各100mm范围内涂白垩粉或其他防
粘污剂。
7.2.9 If arc welding method is adopted for welding of stainless steel pipe, chalk powder or other
antisticking agent shall be painted on surface in range of 100mm from two sides of grooves
before assembly of weld joints.
7.2.10 施工过程中，除设计文件要求进行冷拉伸或冷压缩外，不得用强力方法组对焊接接头。
7.2.10 Cold drawing or cold compression shall be carried out according to the design document. Can’t
assemble weld joints with force.
7.2.11 定位焊应与正式焊接的焊接工艺相同。定位焊的焊缝长度宜为10mm~15mm、厚度为
2mm~4mm，且不超过壁厚的2/3。定位焊的焊缝不得有裂纹及其他缺陷。
7.2.11 Tack weld shall be the same with welding process of formal welding. Length of seam may be 10mm~15mm and thickness may be 2mm~4mm and not larger than 2/3 of wall thickness. There shall be no crack and other defects on the seam.
7.2.12 在合金钢钢管上焊接组对卡具时，卡具的材质应与管材相同，否则应用焊接该钢管的焊条
在卡具上堆焊过渡层。
7.2.12 If assembled fixture will be welded onto alloy steel pipeline, material of fixture shall be the same
with that of pipeline. Otherwise, use the electrode to weld an intermediate layer on fixture.
7.2.13 焊接在管道上的组对卡具不得用敲打或掰扭的方法拆除。
7.2.13 Assembled fixture welded on pipeline can’t be removed by knock or breaking off with fingers
and thumb.
7.2.14 当采用怕氧乙炔焰切割合金管钢管道上的焊接卡具时，应在离管道表面3mm处切割，然
后用砂轮进行修磨。有淬硬倾向的材料，修磨后尚应作磁粉检测或渗透检测。
7.2.14 If using oxyacetylene flame to cut welded fixture on alloy steel pipeline, shall cut at the point
3mm away from surface of the pipeline, and then grind the surface with grinding wheel.
Magnetic particle test shall be done for material that may be quenched after grinding.
7.3 焊接工艺要求Requirement for welding procedure
7.3.1 不得在焊件表面引弧或试验电流。设计温度低于-29?的管道、不锈钢及淬硬倾向较大的
合金钢管道，焊件表面不得有电弧擦伤等缺陷。
7.3.1 Can’t generate the arc or test current on surface of weldment. There shall be no abrasive arc
on surface of weldment on pipeline with design temperature lower than -29?, stainless steel
pipeline or alloy steel pipeline with trend of harden quenching.
7.3.2 内部清洁要求较高的管道、机器入口管道及设计文件规定的其他管道的单面焊焊缝，应采
用氩弧焊进行根部焊道焊接。
7.3.2 For inconel welds of pipeline with high requirement for cleanness of its inner, inlet pipeline for
machine and other pipelines specified in the design document, root weld bead shall be welded with
argon arc.
7.3.3 在焊接中应确保起弧与收弧的质量。收弧时应将弧坑填满，多层焊的层间接头应相互错开。
7.3.3 Quality of arc starting and arc stopping shall be guaranteed. Arc crater shall be filled up when stopping arc. Interlayer joints of multilayer welding shall be stagger.
7.3.4 除焊接工艺有特殊要求外，每条焊缝应一次连续焊完。如因故被迫中断，应采取防裂措施。
再焊时必须进行检查，确认无裂纹后方可继续施焊。
7.3.4 Each seam shall be welded once except there are special requirements. If it is interrupted, crack control measures shall be taken. Welding can be continued when there is no crack.
7.3.5 管道冷拉伸或冷压缩的焊接接头组对时所使用的工、卡具，应待该焊接接头的焊接及热处
理工作完毕后，方可拆除。
7.3.5 Tools and fixtures used for assembly of weld joints on pipeline by cool drawing or compression shall be removed after welding and heat treatment of weld joints.
7.3.6 公称直径等于或大于500 mm的管道，宜采用单面焊接双面成形的焊接工艺或在焊缝内侧
根部进行封底焊;公称直径小于500 mm的SHA和SHD级管道的焊缝底层应采用氩弧焊。
7.3.6 Welding procedures of single-side welding and both sides forming or sealing run at root of inner side of seam may be adopted for pipeline whose nominal diameter is ?500mm. Base coat of weld joint
on SHA and SHD level pipeline whose nominal diameter is less than 500mm shall be welded with argon arc.
7.3.7 奥氏体不锈钢管道焊接，应按下列要求:
a) 单面焊焊缝宜用手工钨极氩弧焊焊接焊缝底层，管内应充氩气或氮气保护;
b) 在保证焊透及熔合良好的条件下，应选用小的焊接工艺参数、采用短电弧和多层多道焊接
工艺，层间温度应按焊接作业指导书予以控制;
c) 有耐腐蚀性要求的双面焊焊缝，与介质接触一侧应最后施焊。
7.3.7 Requirements for welding of austenitic stainless steel:
a) Base coat of inconel weld shall be welded with manual argon tungsten-arc welding method.
The pipeline shall be charged with argon or nitrogen for protection.
b) Under the precondition of complete penetration and satisfactory fusion, small parameters
for welding procedure, short arc and multilayer and multipass welding procedure shall be
adopted. Interpass temperature shall be controlled according to welding operation
instruction.
c) Seam of both sides welding with requirements for its resistance to corrosion shall be
welded to medium at the end.
7.3.7 本条规定奥氏体不锈钢管道采用氩弧进行焊接接头的根部焊道焊接时，管内应充氩气或充氮气保护。充氩气保护是目前
焊接规范的一贯要求。充氮气保护，是本规范所采用的新技术，已于1997年7月在兰州通过了集团公司组织的专家技术鉴定。
主要技术参数为:氮气纯度应大于99.5%，含水量小于50 mg/L，管内氮气的浓度应大于99.9%，一般充气流量不宜过大，保证
气体有流动状态为佳。
7.3.7 When welding is conducted to the root pass of welding joint of austenitic stainless steel piping with argon arc, argon gas or
nitrogen gas shall be filled to the piping for protection. Protection by argon gas is the consistent requirement of the current welding specification, while protection by nitrogen gas is a new technology adopted by this specification, which has passed the technical appraisement by professionals arranged by the group company in Lanzhou in July 1997. The main technical parameters are as follows: the purity of nitrogen gas shall be more than 99.5%; the water content shall be less than 50mg/L; the concentration of nitrogen gas in piping shall be more than 99.9%; generally speaking, the flow of gas charging shall not be excessively large, and it is better to keep the gas at a flow state.
7.3.8 奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头焊后应按设计文件规定进行酸洗与钝化处理。 7.3.8 After welding, pickling and passivating treatment of weld joints of austenitic stainless steel pipe
shall be carried out.
7.3.9 焊接完毕后，应及时将焊缝表面的熔渣及附近的飞溅物清理干净。 7.3.9 After welding, slag and splash nearby shall be cleaned off.
?7.4 预热与热处理 Preheating and heat treatment
7.4.1 管道组成件焊前预热应按表8的规定进行。中断焊接后需要继续焊接时，应重新预热。
7.4.1 Preheating of elements of pipeline before welding shall be carried out according to table 8. If
welding is interrupted, the elements shall be repreheated before welding.
表8 管道组成件焊前预热要求
Table 8 Requirements for Preheating of Elements of Pipeline Before Welding
预热温度 壁厚 钢种或钢号 Wall thickness Preheating temperature Steel type or grade mm ?
10, 20 ?26 100~200
16Mn, 12CrMo ?15 150~200
15CrMo ?12 150~200
12Cr1Mov ?6 200~300
1Cr5Mo 任意Random 250~350
2.25Ni, 3.5Ni 任意Random 100~150 7.4.2 当环境温度低于0?时，除奥氏体不锈钢外，无预热要求的钢种，在始焊处100mm范围内，应预热到15?以上。
7.4.2 When ambient temperature is lower than 0?, except austenitic stainless steel pipe, the surface
from welding point to 100mm away of steel without preheating requirement shall be preheated to
over 15?.
7.4.3 异种钢焊接预热应按SH 3526的规定进行。
7.4.3 Preheating of special steel shall meet SH 3526.
7.4.4 预热应在坡口两侧均匀进行，内外热透并防止局部过热。加热区以外100 mm范围应予以
保温。
7.4.4 Preheating shall be uniformly carried out at both sides of groove. Inner and outer shall be heated.
Local overheating shall be prevented. Range of 100mm from heating area shall be insulated.
7.4.5 预热范围应为坡口中心两侧各不小于壁厚的3倍，有淬硬倾向或易产生延迟裂纹的材料，
两侧各不小于壁厚的5倍，且不小大100 mm。
7.4.5 Preheating range is from two sides of center of groove to 3 times of wall thickness away. For
material with trend of harden quenching or delayed cracking, the range shall be from two sides of
center of groove to 5 times of wall thickness away and be not less than 100mm.
7.4.6 管道焊接接头的热处理，应在焊后及时进行。常用钢材焊接接头的热处理温度，宜按表9
的规定确定。
7.4.6 Heat treatment of weld joints shall be carried out after welding. Temperature for heat treatment of
weld joints of common steel pipe shall be confirmed according to table 9.
表9 常用钢材焊接接头热处理
Table 9 Heat Treatment of Weld joints of Common Steel
预热温度 壁厚 钢种或钢号 Wall thickness Preheating temperature Steel type or grade mm ?
10, 20 ?30 600~650
16Mn ?19 600~650
12CrMo ?19 650~700
15CrMo, 12Cr1Mov ?13 700~750
1Cr5Mo 任意Random 750~780
2.25Ni, 3.5Ni ?19 600~630
注1:有应力腐蚀的管道焊接接头，应按设计文件要求进行焊后消除应力的热处理。
注2:非合金钢管道焊接接头，壁厚为19mm~29mm时，焊后应保温缓冷。
Notes: 1. Heat treatment for relieving of stress shall be done for weld joints of pipe having stress corrosion.
2. Weld joints of non-alloy steel pipe with wall thickness of 19mm~29mm shall be insulated after welding.
7.4.7 易产生延迟裂纹的焊接接头，焊接时应严格保持层间温度，焊后应立即均匀加热至300?
~350?保温缓冷，并及时进行热处理。
7.4.7 Interpass temperature of weld joints with trend of delayed cracking shall be preserved during welding. After welding, heat the weld joints to 300?~350? and preserve the temperature.
Heat treatment shall be immediately carried out.
7.4.7 本条规定对容易产生延迟裂纹的焊接接头，焊接后应立即加热至300?~350?，保温缓冷，然后及时进行热处理。焊后
加热处理可降低焊接接头的冷却速度，以利于减少淬硬组织，并降低扩散氢含量，同时也给准备正式热处理提供了较充裕的时
间。
7.4.7 For welding joint where delayed crack easily forms, it shall be immediately heated to 300?~350? after welding; then measures
for heat preservation and slow cooling shall be taken before the duly heat treatment. The heating treatment after welding can lower down
the cooling speed, so as to lessen the quenched structure, lower down the content of diffusible hydrogen, as well as provide enough time
for preparation of formal heat treatment.
7.4.8 热处理的加热范围为焊缝两侧各不少于焊缝宽度的3倍，且不少于25mm。加热区以外100
mm范围内应予以保温，且管道端口应封闭。
7.4.8 Heating range is from two sides of seam to at least 3 times of wall thickness away and not less
than 25mm. Range of 100mm from heating area shall be insulated. Mouth of pipe shall be
sealed.
7.4.9 热处理的加热速度、恒温时间及冷却速度，应符合下列要求:
a) 加热升温至300?后，加热速度应按5 125/δ?/h计算，且不大于220?/h
b) 恒温时间应按下列规定计算，且总恒温时间均不得少于30 min。在恒温期间，各测点的温
度均应在热处理温度规定的范围内，其差值不得大于50?;
1) 非合金钢为每毫米壁厚2 min~2.5 min;
2) 合金钢为每毫米壁厚3 min;
c) 恒温后的冷却速度应按6 500/δ?/h计算，且不大于260?/h。冷至300?后可自然冷却。
注:δ为管子壁厚，mm
7.4.9 Heating rate, constant time and cooling rate for heat treatment shall meet following
requirements:
a) When temperature reaches 300?, the heating rate shall be calculated with formula 5125/
δ?/h and not higher than 220?/h.
b) Constant time shall be calculated according to following requirements. Total constant time
can’t be less than 30min. During the period, temperature of all measuring points shall be
within the specified range and the difference can’t be larger than 50?.
1) For non-alloy steel, 2min~2.5min/mm;
2) For alloy steel, 3min/mm.
c) Cooling rate after constant time shall be carried out with formula 6500/δ?/h and not
larger than 260?/h. When temperature drops to 300?, the pipeline can’ be cooled by
radiation.
Notes: δ is wall thickness of pipe, mm.
7.4.9 从表3、表4和表9的规定可以看出，各钢号的热处理温度区间最大是50?，最小是20?。要保证热处理的质量，恒温
时各测点的温度值必须控制在热处理温度区间内。如果温度区间超过50?，允许差值也不得大于50?。
7.4.9 Informed by Table 3, Table 4 and Table 9, for various steel grades, the maximum temperature range for heat treatment is 50?,
while the minimum one is 20?. In order to ensure the quality of heat treatment, temperatures of all measured points during the period of
constant temperature shall be controlled within the temperature range for heat treatment. If the temperature range for heat treatment
exceeds 50?, the allowable difference shall not be more than 50?.
7.4.10 异种钢焊接接头的焊后热处理，应按SH 3526的规定进行。
7.4.10 Heat treatment of weld joints of special steel shall meet SH 3526.
7.4.11 焊后需要进行消除应力热处理的管段，可采用整体热处理的方法，但该管段上不得带有焊
接阀门。
7.4.11 Integral heat treatment of pipeline after welding may be carried out for relieving of stress. The
pipeline shall have no welded valve.
7.4.12 已经进行焊后热处理的管道上，应避免直接焊接非受压件，如果不能避免，若同时满足下列条件，焊后可不再进行热处理:
a) 管道为非合金钢或碳锰钢材料;
b) 角焊缝的计算厚度不大于10 mm;
c) 按评定合格的焊接工艺施焊;
d) 角焊缝进行100%表面无损检测。
7.4.12 Unpressurized elements can’t be directly welded on pipeline after heating treatment. If it is
unavoidable, heat treatment can be omitted after welding if following conditions are met:
a) The pipeline is made of non-alloy steel or carbon magnetic steel.
b) Calculated thickness of fillet weld is not larger than 10mm.
c) Qualified welding procedure is adopted.
d) Nondestructive test is carried out for surface of 10% of fillet welds. 7.4.12 本条参照《蒸汽锅炉安全技术监察规程》劳部发[1996]276号第78条的规定制订的。 7.4.12 This clause is formulated making reference to Clause 78 of Steam Boiler Safety Technology Supervision Order issued by
Ministry of Labour in 1996, No. 276.
7.4.13 经焊后热处理合格的部位，不得再从事焊接作业，否则应重新进行热处理。
7.4.13 After heat treatment, welding can’t be carried out on qualified part. Otherwise, heat treatment
shall be carried out again.
?7.5 质量检验uality inspection 1)由目视检查方法确定的焊缝外观质量主要检查焊缝的可见
。根据国家标准规定，工业管道的焊缝外观质量实行分级评定:设计文件或施工规范规定100% 缺陷和成形尺寸
射线检测或超声波检测的焊缝，其外观质量不得低于II 级;局部射线或超声波检测的焊缝，其外观质量不得低于III 级;不要求无损检测的焊缝，其外观质量不得低于IV 级。《石油化工有毒、可燃介质管道施工及验收规范》(SH3501-2002)中规定:焊缝表面不得有裂纹、未熔合、气孔、夹渣和飞溅，低温钢、不锈钢和淬硬倾向较大的合金钢不允许有咬边。此外，对焊缝的宽度要求一般以每边盖过坡口边缘2 mm为宜 ，焊缝的宽度偏差也不应超过2 mm 。焊缝与母材应均匀过渡，且焊缝表面不应有明显的低于母材的局部低凹。本规范第7.5.3条还对焊缝余高作了明确规定。当检查发现焊缝外观质量不符合规定时，应对缺陷进行修磨消除，但修磨后的焊缝不得低于母材，咬边处经修磨后应予补焊。焊缝的表面无损检测应按设计或规范的规定进行。SH3501规定，每名
0焊工焊接的标准抗拉强度下限值大于等于540MPa的钢材、设计温度低于-29C的非奥氏体不锈钢以及Cr-Mo低合金钢管道，其承插和焊接支管的焊接接头及其他角焊缝，应按射线检测的相同百分比进行表面无损检测(第7.5.6
2)由磁粉检测或渗透检测方法确定的焊缝表面质量;以及由射线检测或超声波检测确定的焊缝条)。
规范规定进行射线检测抽查的焊缝，其检测比例按GB50235第7.4.3.2条的规定应不低于5%，这是抽内部质量
查的最低数量，并不意味着抽查量达到5% 即可满足要求。如《工业金属设计规范》GB50316中对输送设计压力大于等于4MPa而小于10MPa，设计温度低于400?的A2类、B类和C类流体的管道，要求抽查比例为10%，其他一些行业标准规定的检测比例也高于5%。本规范表10规定了有毒、可燃介质管道焊缝无损检测的比例和合格标准。并明确在按比例检测的焊接接头中，固定焊焊接接头不得少于检测数量的40 %，且不少于一个接头。GB50235第7.4.2条中规定:管道焊缝的射线检测或超声波检测应及时进行，当抽样检验时，应对每一焊工所焊的焊缝按规定的比例进行抽查，检验位置应由施工单位和建设单位的质检人员共同确定。条文内容除了明确规定抽查应按每名焊工所焊的焊缝按比例进行外，强调抽查的及时性和抽查部位的随机性，目的是控制焊工的焊接技能状况，但对具体抽查方法并未作出规定。由于焊缝质量与焊工的技术水平和施焊时的精神、体力状况关系很大，在一些行业标准中，为了便于操作，对抽查方法作了具体规定。本规范的具体规定是:对于公称直径小于500mm的管道，每名焊工焊接的同管线级别、同检测比例、同材料类别的管线编号的焊接接头按规定比例进行抽查(且不少于一个)，同时要求尽量覆盖不同的管径(第7.5.7条);对于公称直径大于500mm的管道，对每名焊工焊接的每个焊接接头的焊缝长度按比例抽查。根据这些规定，事实上对被抽查焊缝的技术难度同一性体现并不突出，因而缺乏样本的代表性，如能采取按每名焊工在某一规定时间内的焊接合格项目进行抽查，则将更具代表性。
无损检测以射线检测为主，除非设计文件规定采用超声波检测。当设计文件规定采用射线检测而由于条件限制改用超声波检测时，应征得设计单位的同意(GB50235规定应经建设单位同意)。 与焊接工艺评定的情况相似，压力管道焊缝的无损检测评定方法目前也未统一。射线检测时，国家标准GB50235、GB50236以采用GB3323为主，超声波检测时，GB50235按GB11345《钢焊缝手工超声波探伤方法和探伤结果分级》评级;SH3501均采用《压力容器无损检测》JB4730评级。
当焊缝经检测发现有不允许缺陷时，除有缺陷的焊缝应返修外，还应对该焊工所焊的焊缝加倍检验，但各标准对加倍检验的具体规定也不统一。GB50235第7(4(7条规定:每出现一道不合格焊缝应再检验两道该焊工所焊的同一批焊缝，当这两道焊缝又出现不合格时，每道不合格焊缝应再检验两道该焊工的同一批焊缝，当再次检验又出现不合格时，应对该焊工所焊的同一批焊缝全部进行检验。而SH3501-2002则没有再次扩检的规定。另外，GB50235中所说的“同一批”未作明确界定。SH3501中也未明确规定扩检部位的抽查方法，时间概念上也不明确。
7.5.1 检验焊接接头前，应按检验方法的要求，对焊接接头的表面进行相应处理。
7.5.1 Surface of weld joints shall be treated according to the requirement before inspection of weld
joints.
7.5.2 焊缝外观应成型良好，宽度以每边盖过坡口边缘2mm为宜。角焊缝的焊脚高度应符合设计
文件规定，外形应平缓过渡。
7.5.2 Appearance of weld joints shall be satisfactory. Both edges of weld joint shall cover 2mm width of
two edges of groove. Height of leg shall meet the design document. The surface shall be smooth
7.5.3 焊接接头表面的质量应符合下列要求:
a) 不得有裂纹、未熔合、气孔、夹渣、飞溅存在;
b)设计温度低于-29?的管道、不锈钢和淬硬倾向较大的合金钢管道焊缝表面，不得有咬边
现象;其他材质管道焊缝咬边深度不应大于0.5mm，连续咬边长度不应大于100mm，且
焊缝两侧咬边总长不大于该焊缝全长的10%;
c) 焊缝表面不得低于管道表面，焊缝余高Δh应符合下列要求:
1) 100%射线检测焊接接头，其Δh?1+0.2b，且不大于2mm; 1
2) 其余的焊接接头，Δh?1+0.2b，且不大于3mm。 1
注:b为焊接接头组对后坡口的最大宽度，mm。 1
7.5.3 Requirements for quality of weld joint’s surface:
a) No crack, not fusional, bubble, slag, splash;
b) Surface of seam of pipeline with design temperature lower than -29?, stainless steel
pipeline and alloy steel pipeline with trend of harden quenching shall be free from undercut.
Depth for undercut of weld joints of other pipelines can’t be larger than 0.5mm.
Continuous length for undercut can’t be longer than 100mm. Total length for undercut at
two sides of seam can’t exceed 10% of total length of the seam.
c) Surface of seam can’t be lower than that of pipeline. Excess weld metal Δh shall meet
following requirements:
1) After 100% radial test for weld joints: Δh?1+0.1b, not larger than 2mm;1
2) Other weld joints: Δh?1+0.2b, not larger than 3mm. 1
Notes: b is max. width of groove after assembly of weld joints, mm.1
7.5.4 管道焊接接头的无损检测应按JB 4730进行焊缝缺陷等级评定，并符合下列要求:
a) 射线检测时，射线透照质量等级不得低于AB级，焊接接头经射线检测后的合格等级应符
合表10的规定;
b) 超声波检测时，管道焊接接头经检测后的合格标准如下:
1) 规定进行100%超声波检测的焊接接头I级合格;
2) 局部进行超声波检测的焊接接头II级合格;
c) 磁粉检测和渗透检测的焊接接头I级合格。
7.5.4 Results of nondestructive test for weld joints shall be graded according to JB 4730. Following
requirements shall be met:
a) For radial test, quality grade of radial transillumination can’t be lower than Grade AB, and
that of weld joints shall meet table 10;
b) For supersonic test, approval standard for weld joints are as follows:
1) For weld joints of 100% supersonic test, grade ?.
2) For weld joints of local supersonic test, grade ?.
c) For magnetic particle test and penetration test, grade ?.
7.5.4 本条规定射线透照质量等级要求不得低于AB级，这是根据本规范适用范围内管道的重要性，在JB 4730规定的A、AB、
B级中确定的。
7.5.4 The quality grade of radial transillumination shall not be lower than Grade AB, which is determined in consideration of the
importance of the piping applicable to this Specification as well as the grade classification in JB 4730 for Grade A, Grade AB and Grade
B.
7.5.5 每名焊工焊接的对接焊焊接接头的射线检测百分率应符合表10的规定，并在被检测的焊接
接头中，固定焊的焊接接头不得少于检测数量的40%，且不少于1个焊接接头，射线检测百分率
计算原则如下:
a) 按设计文件给出的同管道级别、同检测比例、同材料类别的管线编号计算;
b) 当管道公称直径小于500 mm时，按焊接接头数量计算;
c) 当管道公称直径等于或大于500mm时，按每个焊接接头的焊缝长度计算。
7.5.5 Percentage of radial test for weld joints of butt welding operated by each welder shall meet table
10. Weld joints of stationary welding shall be not less than 40% of total tested joints and at least
one weld joint of stationary welding shall be tested. Principle for percentage calculation of radial
test is as follows:
a) According to numbers of pipelines of the same level, test proportion and material category
specified in the design document.
b) According to quantity of weld joints when nominal diameter of pipeline is less than
500mm.
c) According to length of seam of each weld joint when nominal diameter of pipeline is ?
500mm.
7.5.5 管道焊接接头的质量合格等级是根据该焊接接头的载荷性质、服役环境、接头失效后的影响、选用材质、制造条件等因
素确定的。
7.5.5 The qualified grade of quality for the welding joint of piping is determined in consideration of various factors in respect of the
welding joint, such as type of load, condition of service, influence of joint’s failure, material quality, condition for fabrication, etc..
表10规定射线检测百分率和合格等级是参照GB 50236,98《现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范》第11.3.5.7款与第
11.3.5.8款以及GB 50235,97第7.4.3条制定的。
The percentage and qualified grade of radial test in Table 10 is determined making reference to Clause 11.3.5.7 and Clause 11.3.5.8 of GB
50236-98 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Welding Works of On-site Equipment and Industrial Pipeline as well as Clause 7.4.3
of GB 50235-97.
凡抽样检测的焊接接头，应由焊接质量检查员来确定。固定焊接接头应占抽查数的40%以上。表10中规定的检测数量是不分转
动焊接接头或固定焊接接头。这一规定，是要求通过抽检能反映焊工的真实技术水平，杜绝特意焊接供检验的焊接接头或焊工
自选焊接接头供检测的情况发生，以保证焊接接头的可靠性。
All welding joints for sampling test shall be confirmed by the inspector for welding quality. The number of fixed welding joint shall be
more than 40% of the total sampled number. The quantity for test specified in Table 10 is the total quantity of rotating welding joint and
fixed welding joint. Sampling test aims at showing the real technical skill of welders, which can avoid the specially welded joints or
self-chosen joints by welders for inspection, so as to ensure the reliability of the welding joint.
7.5.6 每名焊工焊接的标准抗拉强度下限值σ?540MPa的钢材、设计温度低于-29?的非奥氏体b
不锈钢、Cr-Mo低合金钢管道，其承插和焊接支管的焊接接头及其他角焊缝，应采用磁粉检测或
渗透检测方法检查焊缝的表面质量，检测百分率按表10的规定执行。
7.5.6 For weld joints of socket branch pipe and welded branch pipeline and other fillet welds of steel pipeline with lower limit of standard tensile strength a?540MPa, non-austenitic stainless steel b
pipeline with design temperature lower than -29?, Cr-Mo low alloy steel pipeline welded by each
welder, magnetic particle test or penetration test shall be done to test their surface quality. Percentage of test shall meet table 10.
7.5.6 标准抗拉强度下限值б?540 MPa的钢，在制作过程中有产生裂纹的倾向;Cr-Mo钢的淬硬倾向大，属裂纹敏感性材料，b
特别是经热处理后，再热裂纹敏感性显露出来，当抗变形能力低于实际的变形量时即形成裂纹;非奥氏体低温钢有淬硬性倾向，
坡口热加工容易产生表面微裂纹，焊接后因冷却过快容易引起裂纹和淬硬现象。因此这类焊接接头进行检测，对保证安全使用
是十分必要的。这类焊接接头施工时，要严格遵守相应规程的要求。
7.5.6 For steel with a lower limit value of standard tensile strengthб?540 MPa, it is inclined to b
produce crack during the process of fabrication. Cr-Mo steel has an obvious inclination of harden quenching, belonging to crack sensitive material; especially after heat treatment, the reheat crack sensitivity will appear; once the resistance to deformation is lower than the actual amount of deformation, crack will occur. Non- austenite low temperature steel has an inclination of harden quenching, whose groove easily produces surface tiny crack under heat processing; excessively sudden cooling after welding may cause crack and harden quenching. For the sake of safety, it is necessary to carry out inspection on these types of welding joints. In addition, the welding operation of these types of welding joints shall be strictly in conformity with the relevant specification.
7.5.7 抽样检测的焊接接头宜覆盖本规范7.5.5 a) 项涉及的不同管径，检测位置应由质量检查员根
据焊工和现场的情况随机确定。
7.5.7 Weld joints of different diameters of pipelines specified in Clause 7.5.5 a) shall be tested. Test points shall be confirmed by the quality controller according to operation of welder and actual situation.
7.5.8 无损检测时，当设计文件规定采用超声波检测，应按设计文件规定执行;当设计文件规定
采用射线检测但由于条件限制需改用超声波检测代替时，应征得设计单位同意。
7.5.8 Supersonic test shall be done if specified in the design document. If supersonic test has to replace the radial test limited by actual condition though it is specified in the design document that radial test
shall be done, it shall be approved of by the design unit.
7.5.8 超声波检测是检验焊缝内部质量的有效方法，灵敏度高、对人体无害，但对检验人员技术和检测表面的要求高，但由于不像射线透照那样可以留下底片备查，所以其可追溯性差。因此用超声波检测代替射线检测时，检测前应征得设计单位同意。
7.5.8 Supersonic detection is deemed to be an efficient method for inspection of internal quality of the weld joint, which is highly sensitive and not harmful to human, but requires high level of technical skill and detected surface condition. Unlike the radial transillumination that can leave negative film for future reference, supersonic detection is hardly traceable. Therefore, in case supersonic detection is adopted to take the place of radial detection, an approved must be got from the design unit in advance.
7.5.9 按本规范7.5.5条规定进行焊接接头抽样检验，若有不合格时，应按该焊工的不合格数加倍检验，若仍有不合格，则应全部检验。
7.5.9 Sampling inspection of weld joints shall be carried out according to Clause 7.5.5. If there is
unqualified weld joint, double of unqualified quantity of one welder shall be inspected. If there still is
unqualified weld joint, all weld joints shall be inspected.
表10 焊接接头射线检测百分率及合格等级
Table 10 Percentage and Qualified Grade of Radial Test for Welding Joint
设计压力P
管道 MPa(表压) 设计温度t 检测百分率 合格 级别 输 送 介 质 Design Design Test 等级 Classification Medium for transportation pressure p temperature t percentage Qualified of Piping Mpa (gage ? % Grade
pressure)
毒性程度为极度危害介质(苯除外)和毒
性程度为高度危险介质的丙烯腈、光气、
二硫化碳和氟化氢 任意 任意 Utmost hazard medium (except benzene) 100 II Random Random and high hazard Acrylon, carbonyl SHA
chloride, carbon disulfide and hydrogen
fluoride
有毒、可燃介质 任意 P?10.0 100 II Hypertoxic and combustible medium Random
有毒、可燃介质 4.0?P,10.0 t?400 100 II Hypertoxic and combustible medium
毒性程度为极度危害介质的苯、毒性程P,10.0 -29?t<400 20 II 度为高度危害介质(丙烯腈、光气、二硫
化碳和氟化氢除外)和甲类液化烃 A
SHB Utmost hazard benzene, high hazard
medium (except Acrylon, carbonyl P,4.0 t?400 20 II chloride, carbon disulfide and hydrogen
fluoride), and Category Aliquified A
hydrocarbon
甲类、乙类可燃气体和甲类、乙类P<10.0 -29?t<400 10 II BA
可燃液体
Category A and Category B combustible P,4.0 t?400 10 II and Type B combustible gas, Type Aba
liquid
毒性程度为中度、轻度危害介质和乙4.0?P,10.0 t?400 100 II B
类、丙类可燃介质 P,10.0 -29?t<400 5 III SHC Moderate and negligible medium and P,4.0 t?400 5 III category B and C combustible medium B
SHD 有毒、可燃介质 任意 t<-29 100 II
Hypertoxic and combustible medium Random
7.5.10 不合格的焊缝同一部位的返修次数，非合金钢管道不得超过3次，其余钢种管道不得超过
两次。
7.5.10 For non-alloy steel piping, The time of rework for the same place of a unqualified weld seam shall not be more than 3; while that of other types of steel piping shall not be more than 2.
7.5.11 焊接接头热处理后，首先应确认热处理自动记录曲线，然后在焊缝及热影响区各取一点测
定硬度值。抽检数不得少于20%，且不少于一次。
7.5.11 After heat treatment, the self-recorded curve shall be confirmed in priority, and then the hardness values shall be measured at two points, one from the weld seam and the other from the heat affected zone. The ratio of sampling for test shall not be less than 20%, and the number shall not be less than 1.
7.5.12 热处理后焊缝的硬度值，不宜超过母材标准布氏硬度值加100HB，且应符合下列规定:
a) 合金总含量小于3%，不大于270HB;
b) 合金总含量3%~10%，不大于300HB;
c) 合金总含量大于10%，不大于350HB。
7.5.12 After heat treatment, the hardness value of the weld seam shall not exceed the total value of Brinell hardness plus 100 HB, besides the flowing specifications:
a) If the total alloy content is less than 3%, the hardness value shall not be more than 270
HB;
b) If the total alloy content is within 3%~10%, the hardness value shall not be more than 300
HB;
c) If the total alloy content is more than 10%, the hardness value shall not be more than 350
HB.
7.5.13 热处理自动记录曲线异常，且被查部件的硬度值超过规定范围时，应按班次加倍复检，并
查明原因，对不合格焊接接头重新进行热处理。
7.5.13 In case the self-recorded curve indicates abnormalities and the hardness value of the inspected
part exceed the specified scope, double recheck shall be carried out according to the trick;
furthermore, the reason shall be found out and all unqualified welding joints shall bear a new heat
treatment.
7.5.14 无损检测和硬度测定完成后，应填写相应的检测报告与检测记录。
7.5.14 Upon the completion of nondestructive examination and hardness inspection, the relevant
inspection report or record shall be written.
7.5.15 进行无损检测的管道，应在单线图上标明焊缝编号、焊工代号、焊接位置、无损检测方法、
返修焊缝位置、扩探焊缝位置等可追溯性标识。
进行焊接接头热处理的管道，还应在单线图上标明热处理及硬度试验的焊缝编号。
7.5.15 For piping under nondestructive examination, some traceable markings shall be made on the line
diagram, such as S/N of weld seam, code of welder, position of welding, method for nondestructive
examination, position of weld seam for rework, position of weld seam for expanded detection, etc..
For piping whose welding joints are under heat treatment, the S/N of weld seam for heat treatment and
hardness test shall also be indicated.
通常，对要求焊后进行热处理的焊缝，应在热处理后对焊缝和热影响区进行硬度测试，并按不同钢种规定了相应
的合格值。硬度值超过规定值时，一般应重新进行热处理。但电力、石化行业标准与国家标准GB50235对热处理
后的焊缝及热影响区的硬度值规定不一致。GB50235中第7.4.8条规定:要求热处理的焊缝，当设计文件对热处
理后的焊缝及热影响区的硬度值未规定时，碳素钢不宜大于母材硬度的120%;合金钢不宜大于母材硬度的125%。
而SH3501规定:焊接接头热处理后，应首先确认热处理自动记录曲线，然后在焊缝及热影响区测量硬度，抽检
数量不应少于20%，且不少于一个。当热处理曲线异常，硬度抽查又不合格时，应按班次加倍复验，并查明原因。
对硬度值不合格的焊接接头应重新热处理。焊接接头热处理后的硬度值不宜超过母材标准布氏硬度加100HB，且
不得超过下列规定:
合金总量小于3%，HB?270
合金总量3%,10%，HB?300
合金总量大于10%，HB?350
从表面上看，石化行业标准是与国家标准矛盾的，但从理论和实际情况来看却比较合理。因为实践证明，国标
GB50235对焊缝热处理后规定的硬度值要求在合金含量较高的管材和铬-钼-钒系合金钢管的实际施工中比较难以
做到。究其原因，主要是:
1)焊接接头在焊接和随后的热处理过程中，相继经历了两次热循环。母材与焊缝、热影响区的热过程是不同的，
其组织的变化也是不同的，母材管子的硬度取决于钢管制造时的冶金和热处理过程，而焊缝的硬度则取决于焊接
时的冶金和热处理过程，焊缝和热影响区在热处理后的硬度与热处理后的母材硬度并不存在确定的必然的逻辑相
对关系。因此对焊缝及其热影响区的硬度值规定与母材硬度的系数关系是不合理的，以母材标准硬度作为对比基
础比较适当。在美国标准ASME B31.3《工艺管道》中只规定不同含铬量合金钢焊缝的最大允许硬度值，应该
说是更加合理的;
2)对于压力管道中常用的珠光体耐热钢来说，焊缝和热影响区的硬度是否合格主要决定于该处的金相组织，对焊缝进行硬度试验的目的是间接验证焊缝及其热影响区是否存在淬硬性组织马氏体。试验证明，当金属组织内存在马氏体时，硬度一般都在HB290以上，现场对实际焊缝硬度测试的结果也证明，当焊缝及其热影响区的硬度超过母材硬度125%而未超过HB280时，金属组织内并未出现马氏体，而根据国标中对硬度指标的规定则须进行重新热处理，而这种反复热处理的过程对焊接接头的使用性能来说并不有利。所以硬度不应作为热处理是否合格的唯一依据。所以，在电力行业标准中明确规定:当经焊接工艺评定，且具有与作业指导书规定相符的热处理自动记录曲线图的焊接接头可免去硬度试验。明确了控制热处理过程是保证热处理质量的主要手段的观点。另外，该规范对合金钢焊接接头还规定要作金相试验，说明焊接接头的组织对接头质量的重要意义。因此，当焊缝热处理后的硬度值出现不合格情况时，应检查热处理过程是否受控，并对接头进行金相试验。以确定热处理结果是否合格
和是否需要返修。
焊接记录和标识:焊接是有毒、可燃介质管道安装过程的重要环节。焊接过程质量控制及其见证资料是从事压力管道安装质量管理人员普遍关心的问题。通常，单线图和焊接工作记录被认为是压力管道焊接和无损检测工作的重要质量记录文件，也是压力管道安装资格审查和换证工作中不可缺少的质量体系运行见证文件。国家标准GB50235-1997中规定:有射线照相要求的管道的焊缝应有焊缝位置、焊缝编号、焊工代号、无损检测方法、焊缝返修位置、热处理记录等，并使其具有可追溯性。本规范也规定单线图上应注明焊缝编号、焊工代号、焊接位置、无损检测方法、焊缝返修位置、扩探位置、以及热处理焊缝及硬度试验焊缝编号等。除了单线图外，国家标准《现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范》GB50236-1998中第11.2.2，11.2.3，11.2.6，11.4.1和11.4.2条分别规定的焊接记录有:
1)对焊接线能量有规定的焊缝，施焊时应测量电弧电压、焊接电流及焊接速度并记录; 2)当对焊缝层次有明确规定时，应检查焊接层数;
3)对层间温度有明确规定的焊缝，应检查记录层间温度;
4)对有无损检测要求的焊缝，竣工图上应标明焊缝编号、无损检测方法、局部无损检测焊缝的位置、底片编号、热处理焊缝位置及编号、焊缝补焊位置及焊工代号;
5)焊缝施焊记录及检查、检验记录应符合相关标准的规定。
但是，除了单线图的内容有明确规定外，焊接施焊记录的格式在管道施工的有关标准规范中并无明确规定。所以，根据上述标准中的规定，对焊接施焊记录的内容应有如下要求:焊接日期、焊缝编号、焊工姓名和代号、焊接方法、焊接位置、焊接材料及其批号(或其他可追溯性标识)、焊缝检验方法及检验结果(包括返修焊缝的编号及其检验结果)。对于焊接工艺中有焊接线能量要求的焊接工作，除了上述要求的焊接工作记录外，还应有实际焊
接时的电流、电压、焊接速度等原始记录。对有层间温度要求或焊接层次要求的焊缝,原始记录中还应有层间温
度或焊接层次。其他焊缝则只要求记录对焊接工艺纪律进行抽查时的焊接电流、电弧电压的记录数据。
除了焊接记录外，在管道焊接接头组对、焊接、无损检测、热处理等过程中，还应在实物上作好相应的标识，如
焊缝编号、焊工代号、无损检测状态标识、热处理状态标识和外观检查状态标识等，以便与现场质量控制。
?8 管道系统试验 Test for piping system
8.1 Pressure test for piping system 管道系统压力试验
8.1.1 管道系统压力试验，应按设计文件要求，在管道安装完毕、热处理和无损检测合格后进行。
8.1.1 Pursuant to the design document, the pressure test for piping system shall be conducted after the completion of piping erection and heat treatment as well as passing the nondestructive examination.
8.1.2 管道系统试压前，应由建设/监理单位、施工单位和有关部门对下列资料进行审查确认:
a) 管道组成件、焊材的制造厂质量证明文件;
b) 管道组成件、焊材的校验性检查或试验记录;
c) SHA级管道弯管加工记录、管端的螺纹和密封面加工记录;
d) 管道系统隐蔽工程记录;
e) 符合本规范7.5.15条要求的单线图;
f) 无损检测报告;
g) 焊接接头热处理记录及硬度试验报告;
h) 静电接地测试记录;
i) 设计变更及材料代用文件。
8.1.2 All the following data shall be reviewed and confirmed by the employer/supervision unit, construction unit and other relevant departments prior to pressure test:
a) Quality certification released by the manufacturers of constituent elements and welding
materials for piping;
b) Records of standard check or test for constituent elements and welding materials for
piping;
c) The processing records of elbow of SHA piping, screw thread at the piping ends and the
sealing surface;
d) Records of concealed work of piping system;
e) Line diagram conforming to Clause 7.5.15 of this Specification;
f) Report of nondestructive examination;
g) Records of heat treatment of welding joints and report of hardness test;
h) Records of static earthing test;
i) Design alteration and material substitution document;
8.1.3 管道系统试压前，应由施工单位、建设/监理单位和有关部门联合检查确认下列条件:
a) 管道系统全部按设计文件安装完毕;
b) 管道支、吊架的型式、材质、安装位置正确，数量齐全，紧固程度、焊接质量合格;
c) 焊接及热处理工作已全部完成;
d) 合金钢管道的材质标识明显清楚;
e) 焊缝及其他需进行检查的部位不应隐蔽;
f) 试压用的临时加固措施符合要求，临时盲板加置正确，标志明显，记录完整;
g) 试压用的检测仪表的量程、精度等级、检定期符合要求;
h) 有经批准的试压方案，并经技术交底。
8.1.3 All the following conditions shall be jointly checked and confirmed by the employer/supervision unit, construction unit and other relevant departments prior to pressure test:
a) The whole piping system is installed according to the design document;
b) Model, material quality and mounted position of the support and trapeze of piping shall be
duly correct; the quantity is complete; the level of tightness and the quality of welding are
satisfied;
c) All work of welding and heat treatment are completed;
d) Marking of material quality of alloy steel piping is obvious and clear;
e) Weld seam and other parts needing inspection shall not be concealed;
f) The temporary fastening measures for pressure test are in compliance with the requirement;
the temporary blind plate is at correct position, with obvious marking and complete
records;
g) The measurement range, precision and verification period of the instrument is in
conformity with the requirement;
h) Approved program of pressure test is available, with technical clarification.
8.1.4 管道系统的压力试验应以液体进行。液压试验确有困难时，可用气压试验代替，但应符合
下列条件，并有经施工单位技术总负责人批准的安全措施:
a) 公称直径小于或等于300 mm、试验压力小于或等于1.6 MPa的管道系统;
b) 公称直径大于300 mm、试验压力等于或小于0.6 MPa的管道系统;
c) 脆性材料管道组成件未经液压试验合格，不得参加管道系统气体压力试验;
d) 不符合本条a)、b)的管道系统必须用气压试验代替时，其所有的焊接接头应经无损检测合格。
8.1.4 Liquid shall be adopted for pressure test for piping system. In case it is difficult to conduct
hydraulic pressure test, air pressure test can be adopt as substitution, but the following requirements must be satisfied, with security measures approved by the chief technical in-charge
of the construction unit:
a) Piping system with nominal diameter ?300mm and test pressure ?1.6 Mpa;
b) Piping system with nominal diameter ,300mm and test pressure ?0.6 Mpa;
c) The constituent elements made of fragile material shall not be brought into the air
pressure test before they are pass the hydraulic pressure test;
For piping system out of the scope of a) and b) of this clause that must adopt air pressure test instead of
hydraulic pressure test, all of its welding joints shall pass the nondestructive examination before the test.
8.1.4 本条规定用气体代替液体作压力试验时应做到的基本要求，另外，这里所指的施工单位技术总负责人是具有法人资格的
施工单位的技术总负责人。
8.1.4 This clause specifies the basic requirements for using gas for pressure test taking the place of liquid; in addition, the chief technical
in-charge of the construction unit refers to the chief technical in-charge of a construction unit having qualification of business entity.
气体压力试验有较大的危险性，在同一试验压力时，其储能要比液体压力试验时大几百倍甚至几千倍，所以要高度重视。同时，
试验时必须有安全部门在现场进行监督。
Gas pressure test is comparatively dangerous. Under the same test pressure as hydraulic pressure test, the stored energy of gas pressure
test is several hundred times or even several thousand times of that of hydraulic pressure test, which needs high attention. Besides,
security department shall be available on site for supervision during the process of test.
8.1.5 压力试验的压力应符合下列规定:
a) 真空管道为0.2 MPa;
b) 液体压力试验的压力为设计压力的1.5倍;
c) 气体压力试验的压力为设计压力的1.15倍。
8.1.5 The pressure used for the pressure test shall conform to the following:
a) 0.2 Mpa for vacuum piping;
b) The pressure of the hydraulic pressure test shall be 1.5 times of the design pressure;
c) The pressure of the air pressure test shall be 1.15 times of the design pressure.
金属工业管道系统的液压试验压力，对承受内压的管道一般为设计压力的1.5倍，但埋地钢管道的试验压力不得低
于0.4MPa。承受外压的管道，试验压力应为设计内、外压力之差的1.5倍，且不低于0.2MPa。夹套管内管的试验
压力按内部或外部设计压力的较高者确定，夹套管的外管试验压力按一般内压管道确定。
当管道与设备作为一个系统进行压力试验时，如管道的试验压力小于或等于设备的试验压力，应按管道的试验压
力进行试验。如管道的试验压力大于设备的试验压力，且设备的试验压力不低于管道设计压力的1.15倍时，则可
按设备的试验压力进行试压，但需经有关单位同意。
试验介质的静压应计入试验压力。液体管道的试验压力应以最高点的压力为准，但最低点的压力不得超过管道组
成件的承受力。
当设计温度高于试验温度时，试验压力应按下式进行换算:
P=1.5P[σ]/[σ]; S12
式中:P —试验压力(表压)(MPa) S
P—设计压力(表压)(MPa)
[σ]—试验温度下的管材许用应力(MPa) 1
[σ]—设计温度下的管材许用应力(MPa) 2
当[σ]/[σ],6.5时，取6.5。 12
当P在试验温度下产生超过材料屈服强度的应力时，应将试验压力降至不超过屈服强度时的最大压力。但在《工S
业金属管道设计规范》GB50316-2000中，该试验压力在液压试验时应降至屈服强度的90%(计入焊接接头系数);在气压试验时应降至屈服强度的80%(计入焊接接头系数)。试验条件下等材料周向应力计算如下:
σ= P[D,(t,C)] ,2(t,C) S0snsn
式中:σ— 在试验条件下的材料周向应力(MPa)
P—试验压力(MPa) S
D—管子外径(mm) 0
t—直管名义厚度(mm) sn
C—所有厚度附加量之和(mm)
气压试验:承受内压的钢管的试验压力为设计压力的1.15倍，当设计温度高于试验温度时，试验压力应按下式计算:
P,1.15P,δ,,,δ, S12
式中:P一试验压力(表压)(MPa) S
P一设计压力(表压)(MPa)
,δ,一试验温度下，管材的许用应力(MPa) 1
,δ,一设计温度下，管材的许用应力(MPa) 2
当,δ,,,δ,大于6.5 时，取 6.5。 12
气压试验时，材料的内应力不得超过试验温度下材料屈服强度的 80% 。 气压试验升压时，应逐步缓慢增加压力，压力升至试验压力的50% 时，应稳压3分钟，如未发现异常或泄漏，可
继续按试验压力的10% 逐级升压，每级稳压3分钟，直至试验压力稳压10分钟，再将压力降至设计压力，停留足
够时间进行检查。以发泡剂检查不泄漏为合格。
8.1.6 管道压力试验时，试验温度、应力值应符合下列规定:
8.1.6 During the process of pressure test for piping, values of the test temperature and stress shall
conform to the following:
a) 当设计温度高于试验温度时，管道的试验压力应按公式(1)核算:
a) When the design temperature is higher than the test temperature, the test pressure of the piping
shall be calculated by Formula (1):
[б] 1
P=KP??????????????????????????????????????(1)t0
[б] 2
式中:
K,系数，液体压力试验取1.5，气体压力试验取1.15;
P,试验压力，MPa; t
P,设计压力，MPa; 0
[б],试验温度下材料的许用应力，MPa; 1
[б],设计温度下材料的许用应力，MPa。 2
Here:
K-coefficient, which is 1.5 for hydraulic pressure test and 1.15 for air pressure test;
P-test pressure, Mpa; 1
P-design pressure, Mpa; 0
,-allowable stress of the material in test temperature, Mpa; 1
,- allowable stress of the material in design temperature, Mpa; 2
b) 液体压力试验时的应力值，不得超过试验温度下材料屈服点的90%;
b) The value of stress under hydraulic pressure test shall not exceed 90% of the yield point of the
material in test temperature;
c) 气体压力试验时的应力值，不得超过试验温度下材料屈服点的80%。
c)The value of stress under air pressure test shall not exceed 80% of the yield point of the material in
test temperature.
8.1.6 管道系统的试验压力，应按设计文件规定执行。如果设计未作规定，则按本条规定的公式进行计算。同时也可用本计算公式来校验设计文件规定的试验压力。
8.1.6 The test pressure of the piping system shall be in accordance with the design document; if it is not specified in the design document, it shall be figured out with the formula specified in this clause. Meanwhile, this formula can be also used to verify the test pressure specified by the design document.
当设计温度、压力都很高或采用薄壁管道，[б]/[б]的比值大于1.8时，还应按下式计算管壁的应力。该应力值应小于试验温12
度下材料屈服点的90%(液压试验时)或80%(气压试验时)。如果超出，就应降低试验压力，以满足本条的规定。
/ [σ] is more than 1.8, the When both the design temperature and pressure are very high, or when thin walled piping is adopted and [σ]12
stress of the pipe wall shall be calculated with the following formula. The value of the stress shall be less than 90% (for hydraulic pressure test) or 80% (for gas pressure test) of the yield point of the material in test temperature. Once this value exceeds the limit, the test pressure shall be lowered down to meet the requirement of this clause.
管壁应力计算见公式(1):
Calculation formula for the value of the stress of the pipe wall [Formula (1)]:
P(D,S) t0
б= „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„..„„(1) t2Sø
式中:Here:
D,管子外直径，mm;D-outside diameter of pipe, mm 00
P,试验压力，MPa;P-test pressure, MPa tt
S,管子的公称壁厚，mm;S-nominal wall thickness of pipe, mm
ø,管子的焊缝系数。ø -weld joint factor of pipe
管子材料的许用应力可按GB 50316《工业金属管道设计规范》中的数据选用。
The allowable stress of the pipe material shall be chosen from the data of GB 50316 Design Specification for Industrial Metal Piping.
管道的焊缝系数:双面焊接，100%无损检测，ø =1.00，局部无损检测，ø,0.85;单面焊接，100%无损检测，ø,0.9，局部无损检测，ø,0.80。
Weld joint factor of piping: for both sides welding, 100% nondestructive examination, Φ=1.00; for one-side welding, 100% nondestructive examination, Φ=0.90, or part nondestructive examination, Φ=0.80.
8.1.7 液体压力试验应用洁净水进行，当生产工艺有要求时，可用其他液体。奥氏体不锈钢管道用水试验时，水中的氯离子含量不得超过25 mg/L。
8.1.7 Clean water shall be used for hydraulic pressure test; other liquid may be used otherwise required
by the production process. When water is adopted for hydraulic pressure test for austenitic stainless steel
piping, the content of chloride ion in the water shall not be more than 25 mg/L. 8.1.8 液体压力试验时液体的温度，当设计文件未规定时，应符合下列要求:
a) 非合金钢和低合金钢的管道系统，液体温度不得低于5?;
b) 合金钢的管道系统，液体温度不得低于15?，且应高于相应金属材料的脆性转变温度。
8.1.8 The liquid temperature for hydraulic pressure test shall conform to the following if it is not
specified in design document:
a) For piping system made of non-alloy steel or low alloy steel, the liquid temperature shall not be
lower than 5?;
c) For piping system made of alloy steel, the liquid temperature shall not be lower than 15? and shall
be higher than the brittle transition temperature of the relevant metal material.
8.1.8 管道系统试压时，选择环境温度和控制介质温度是一个十分重要的环节。环境温度、金属温度、试验介质的温度，无不得低于规范所规定的最低温度。如果是合金钢管道系统，液体温度应高于金属材料的脆性转变温度。气体压力试验时也是这样，所以8.1.12条也作了相同的规定。这一规定，是依据《蒸汽锅炉安全技术监察规程》劳部发[1996]276号第208条的相应规定而编写的。
8.1.8 During the process of pressure test for piping system, it is a crucial link to choose the ambient temperature and control the
medium temperature. Any ambient temperature, metal temperature or medium temperature shall not be lower than the lowest temperature
specified by this Specification. For alloy steel piping system, the liquid temperature shall be higher than the brittle transition temperature
of the metal material. This is also applicable to gas pressure test, so the same provision can be seen in Clause 8.1.12. This provision is
formulated making reference to Clause 208 of Steam Boiler Safety Technology Supervision Order issued by Ministry of Labour in 1996,
No. 276.
8.1.9 因试验压力不同或其他原因不能参与管道系统试压的设备、仪表、安全阀、爆破片等应加
置盲板隔离，并有明显标志。
8.1.9 Any equipment, instrument, relief valve or blasting plate that cannot be brought into pressure test for piping system due to different test pressure or other reasons shall be indicated with obvious marking.
8.1.10 液体压力试验时，必须排净系统内的空气。升压应分级缓慢，达到试验压力后停压10 min，
然后降至设计压力，停压30 min，不降压、无泄漏和无变形为合格。
8.1.10 Prior to the hydraulic pressure test, the air in the system shall be completely exhausted. Boosting shall be carried out slowly and step by step and it shall stop for 10 min when the pressure reaches the test pressure; then, the pressure shall be lowered down to the design pressure and stop for 30 min; if the pressure does not drop and no leakage or deformation occurs, the piping system is deemed to be qualified;
8.1.11 气体压力试验时，必须用空气或其他无毒、不可燃气体介质进行预试验。预试验压力应根
据气体压力试验压力的大小，在0.1 MPa~0.5 MPa的范围内选取。
8.1.11 Prior to the air pressure test, a trial test shall be carried out using air or other nontoxic and incombustible gas. The pressure for trial test shall depend on the test pressure of air pressure test and be chosen within the scope of 0.1 Mpa~0.5 Mpa.
8.1.12 气体压力的试验时，试验温度必须高于金属材料的脆性转变温度。
8.1.12 During the air pressure test, the test temperature shall be higher than the brittle transition temperature of the metal material.
8.1.13 气体压力试验时，应逐步缓慢增加压力。当压力升至试验压力的50%时，稳压3 min，未
发现异常或泄漏，继续按试验压力的10%逐级升压，每级稳压3 min，直至试验压力，稳压10 min，
再将压力降至设计压力，涂刷中性发泡剂对试压系统进行仔细巡回检查，无泄漏为合格。
8.1.13 During the air pressure test, boosting shall be carried out slowly and step by step. When the pressure is boosted to 50% of the test pressure, stabilize the pressure for 3 min; if no abnormality or leakage occurs, continue the boosting step by step on the basis of 10% of the test pressure, 3 min of pressure stabilization for each step till the test pressure; then stabilize the pressure for 10 min and then lower the pressure down to the design pressure; then brush the piping system with neutral foaming agent and check the whole system carefully, if no leakage is found, the piping system is deemed to be qualified.
8.1.13 本条规定气体压力试验时，当压力升至试验压力，稳压10 min，将压力降至设计压力，用中性发泡剂对试压系统仔细巡
回进行检查。这里没有停压时间的要求，主要是以对整个管道系统仔细巡回检查完毕为准。这一过程，相当于作气体泄漏性试
验，所以本规范8.3.2条规定经气体压力试验，且在试验后未经拆卸的管道，可不进行气体泄漏性试验。
8.1.13 For gas pressure test, once the pressure is boosted to the test pressure, it shall be stabilized for 10min; then the pressure shall be
lowered down to the design pressure and neutral foaming agent shall be used to check the whole system carefully. There is no special
requirement for the time of suspending the boosting, which shall subject to the completion of the patrol inspection of the whole system.
This process is equivalent to the gas leakage test. Therefore, as specified in Clause 8.3.2, if the piping has passed the air pressure test and
is not dismantled after such test, it can be exempted from the gas leakage test.
8.1.14 试压过程中若有泄漏，不得带压修理。缺陷消除后应重新试验。
8.1.14If any leakage is found during the process of pressure test, repair shall not be conducted with the pressure. Upon the removal of the defect, a new test shall be carried out.
8.1.14 试压过程中，如果带压处理泄漏问题，对设备、管道安全和操作人员的人身安全有很大危胁，所以本条规定不得带压修理。
8.1.14 During the process of pressure test, handling the leakage problem under pressure is a great danger to the security of equipment
and piping as well as the personnel safety of the operators. So this clause specifies that any repair cannot be done under pressure.
8.1.15 管道系统试压合格后，应缓慢降压。试验介质宜在室外合适地点排净，排放时应考虑反冲
力作用及安全环保要求。
8.1.15 Once the piping system passes the pressure test, the pressure shall be lowered down slowly. All test mediums shall be discharged at a proper place outside; attention shall be paid to the impact of recoil as well as the requirement for safety and environmental protection.
8.1.16 管道系统试压完毕，应及时拆除所用的临时盲板，核对盲板加置记录，并填写管道系统试
压记录。
8.1.16 Upon the completion of pressure test for piping system, all temporary blind plates shall be dismantled in time; the erection record of the blind plate shall be checked and the records of pressure test for piping system shall also be filled out.
8.2 管道系统吹扫 Sweeping for piping system
8.2.1 管道系统压力试验合格后，应进行吹扫。吹扫可采用人工清扫、水冲洗、空气吹扫等方法。
公称直径大于600 mm的管道，宜用人工清扫;公称直径小于600 mm的管道，宜用洁净水或空气
进行冲洗或吹扫。
8.2.1 Once the piping system passes the pressure test, sweeping shall be carried out. Such measures as
manual clearing, water flushing or air sweeping can be taken for sweeping. Manual clearing is
more suitable for piping with a nominal diameter larger than 600mm; while clean water flushing
or air sweeping is more suitable for piping with a nominal diameter smaller than 600mm.
8.2.1 管道系统压力试验之后，气体泄漏性试验之前，应进行系统吹扫。系统吹扫是保证管道内部清洁最重要的手段。
8.2.1 Once the piping system passes the pressure test, sweeping shall be carried out prior to the gas leakage test. It is the most important
means to keep the inner part of piping clean.
8.2.2 管道系统吹扫前，应编制吹扫方案，经审查批准后，向参与吹扫的人员进行技术交底。
8.2.2 A program of sweeping shall be formulated prior to the sweeping for piping system. After the said program is approved, a technical clarification shall be carried out towards the personnel involved in
sweeping.
8.2.3 管道系统吹扫前应符合下列要求:
a) 不应安装孔板法兰连接的调节阀、节流阀、安全阀、仪表件等，并对已焊在管道上的阀门
和仪表采取相应的保护措施;
b) 不参与系统吹扫的设备及管道系统，应与吹扫系统隔离;
c) 管道支架、吊架要牢固，必要时应予以加固。
8.2.3 The piping system shall conform to the following requirements before sweeping:
a) Regulating valve, throttle valve, relief valve or instrument connected to the orifice flange
shall not be mounted; protective measures shall be taken to the valves and instruments
already welded to the piping.
b) Equipment or piping system that is not involved in sweep shall be insulated from the
sweeping system;
c) All supports and trapezes shall be tightly mounted; if necessary, they shall be reinforced.
8.2.4 冲洗奥氏体不锈钢管道系统时，水中氯离子含量不得超过25 mg/L。
8.2.4 When flushing is conducted to austenitic stainless steel piping system, the content of chloride ion
in the water shall not be more than 25 mg/L.
8.2.5 吹扫压力不得超过容器和管道系统的设计压力。
8.2.5 The pressure of sweeping shall not exceed the design pressure of the container or the piping system.
8.2.6 管道系统水冲洗时，宜以最大流量进行冲洗，流速不得小于1.5 m/s。
8.2.6 The maximum water flow shall be used for water flushing for piping system, with a flow rate not less than 1.5m/s.
8.2.7 水冲洗后的管道系统，用目测排出口的水色和透明度，应以出、入口的水色和透明度一致
为合格。
8.2.7 After water flushing, the color and transparency of the water at the exit shall be visually inspected. Once the color and transparency of the water at the exit are in accordance with those at the entrance, the flushing is deemed to be satisfied.
8.2.8 管道系统空气吹扫时，宜利用生产装置的大型压缩机和大型储气罐，进行间断性吹扫。吹
扫时应以最大流量进行，空气流速不得不于20 m/s。
8.2.8 When air sweeping is carried out, it is better to adopt large-scale compressor and large-scale air storage tank of production plant for sweeping with intervals. During the process of weeping, the maximum air flow shall be used, with a flow rate not less than 20 m/s.
8.2.8 如果施工单位没有合适的压缩机及相应的储罐，宜利用生产装置的大型压缩机和储气罐。若是改、扩建工程，可以利用
原装置已经投产运行的压缩机，若是新建工程，吹扫作业宜和压缩机负荷试车一并或之后进行。
8.2.8 If the construction unit has no suitable compressor and corresponding air storage tank, it is better to adopt large-scale compressor
and air storage tank of the production plant for sweeping. In case of reconstruction engineering or extension engineering, the compressor
of the original plant having been put into operation can be used; in case of new construction engineering, the sweeping shall be carried
out in parallel to or after the loaded trial run of the compressor.
8.2.9 管道系统在空气或蒸汽吹扫过程中，应在排出口用白布或涂白色油漆的靶板检查，在5 min
内，靶板上无铁锈及其他杂物为合格。
8.2.9 During the process of sweeping with air or steam, a piece of white cloth or a target plate painted in white shall be used at the exit, if no rust or other impurities occurs on the target plate, the air sweeping is deemed to be satisfied.
8.2.10 有特殊清洗要求(如油冲洗、化学清洗、脱脂等)的管道系统，应按专门的技术规程进行处理。
8.2.10 For piping system needing special cleaning, the special technical specifications shall be
followed.
8.2.11 吹扫的顺序应按主管、支管、疏排管依次进行。吹出的脏物不得进入已清理合格的设备或
管道系统，也不得随地排放污染环境。
8.2.11 Sweeping shall be conducted in the following order: main piping, branch piping and drainage piping. The discharged impurities shall not be allowed to enter the well-cleaned equipment or piping system or discharged everywhere to pollute the environment.
8.2.12 经吹扫合格的管道系统，应及时恢复原状，并填写管道系统吹扫记录。
8.2.12 After sweeping, the qualified piping system shall be restored in time; records of sweeping shall be duly filled out.
8.3 气体泄漏性试验及真空度试验 Gas leakage test and test of vacuum degree
8.3.1 管道系统的气体泄漏性试验，应按设计文件规定进行，试验压力为设计压力。
8.3.1 Gas leakage test for piping system shall be carried out according the design document; the
test pressure shall be the design pressure.
8.3.1 原规范中本条规定:“当设计文件未规定时，本规范适用范围内的管道系统必须进行气体泄漏性试验，试验压力为设计压
力。”本次修订扩大了规范的适用范围，在讨论本条时，设计单位的意见是SHA级管道系统的气体泄漏性试验是必要的，但SHB
级管道系统还应根据实际情况区别对待。因此，本次修订时，采纳了设计单位的意见，规定“管道系统的气体泄漏性试验应按
设计文件规定进行，试验压力为设计压力。”即管道系统的气体泄漏性试验，应由设计单位根据管道系统输送介质的性质来确定。
8.3.1 In original specification, this clause says: ―in case it is not specified by the design document, gas leakage test must be carried out for piping system applicable to this Specification; the test pressure shall be the design pressure.‖ This revision has expanded the range of
application of the specification. In regard to this clause, the design unit is of the opinion that the gas leakage test for SHA piping system is
necessary, but for SHB piping system, it depends on the actual situation. Therefore, under the precondition of adopting the opinion of the
design unit, this revision specifies that ―the gas leakage test for piping system shall be carried out according the design document; the test pressure shall be the design pressure‖. Namely, the gas leakage test for piping system shall be determined by the design unit in
consideration of the nature of the medium for transportation.
8.3.2 气体泄漏性试验应符合下列规定:
a) 泄漏性试验应在压力试验合格后进行，试验介质宜采用空气;
b) 泄漏性试验可结合装置试车同时进行;
c) 泄漏性试验的检查重点应是阀门填料
函
关于工期滞后的函关于工程严重滞后的函关于工程进度滞后的回复函关于征求同志党风廉政意见的函关于征求廉洁自律情况的复函
、法兰或螺纹连接处、放空阀、排气阀、排水阀等;
d) 经气压试验合格，且在试验后未经拆卸的管道，可不进行气体泄漏性试验。
8.3.2 Gas leakage test shall conform to the following requirement:
a) Gas leakage test shall be carried out after the piping system passes the pressure test; it is
better to adopt air as the medium;
b) Gas leakage test shall be carried out in parallel to the trial run;
c) During the process of gas leakage test, emphasis shall be put on stuffing box of valve,
flange or screw connection, air relief valve, drain valve, etc..
d) If the piping has passed the air pressure test and is not dismantled after such test, it can be exempted from the gas leakage test.
8.3.2 试验时，施工单位往往难以解决升压设备或气源，所以泄漏性试验可结合装置试车同时进行。
During the process of test, because the boosting equipment and the air source are often hardly available for the construction unit, the gas
leakage test can be carried out in parallel to the trial run of the plant.
泄漏性试验在有些行业标准中亦称泄漏量试验或气密性试验，是在试验过程中须计算气体泄漏量的一种试验方法。
而现行标准GB50235和SH3501规定的泄漏性试验则仅须对管道系统的某些重点部位用规定的方法进行是否存在
泄漏的检查，其试验压力规定为设计压力。试验时应使用发泡剂对阀门填料函、法兰或螺纹连接处、放空阀、排
水阀等部位进行重点检查，以检验结果不泄漏为合格。通常，泄漏性试验都可结合装置试车同时进行。当设计文
件规定用卤素、氦气、氨气或其他方法进行泄漏性试验时，则应按设计规定的相应技术规定进行试验。
真空系统则应以0.1MPa气体进行泄漏性试验，在泄漏试验合格后，还应在系统联动试运行时进行真空度试验，试
验时间为24小时，其增压率不应大于5%。由于试验时间较长，试验环境温度变化会影响增压率计算结果，所以规
范规定真空试验时应在温度变化较小的环境中进行。
8.3.2 气体泄漏性试验的试验压力应逐级缓慢上升，当达到试验压力时，停压10 min后，用涂
刷中性发泡剂的方法，巡回检查所有密封点，无泄漏为合格。
8.3.3 The pressure of gas leakage test shall be boosted slowly and step by step; when the pressure reaches the test pressure, stops boosting for 10 min, then brush the piping system with neutral foaming agent and check all the sealed points carefully, if no leakage is found, the piping system is deemed to be qualified.
8.3.4 管道系统气体泄漏性试验合格后，应及时缓慢泄压，并填写试验记录。
8.3.4 After the piping system passes the gas leakage test, the pressure shall be relieved in time and the
test records shall be duly filled out.
8.3.5 真空管道系统，压力试验合格后，应以0.1MPa气体进行泄漏性试验，试验按本规范8.3.2
条和8.3.3条的要求进行。
8.3.5 For vacuum piping system, after it passes the pressure test, the leakage test shall be carried out with air of 0.1Mpa, which shall conform to Clause 8.3.2 and 8.3.3.
8.3.6 真空管道在气体泄漏性试验合格后，真空系统联动试运转时，还应进行真空度试验。
8.3.6 Although the vacuum piping system passes the gas leakage test, it shall also bear a test of vacuum degree prior to the linkage trial run of the vacuum system.
8.3.7 真空度试验应在温度变化较小的环境中进行。当系统内真空度达到设计文件要求时，应停
止抽真空，进行系统的增压率考核。考核时间为24h，增压率按公式(2)计算，不大于5%为合格。
8.3.7 Test of vacuum degree shall be carried out under the condition of little temperature variation. Once the degree of vacuum in the system meets the requirement of the design document, vacumizing shall be stopped, followed with the examination of pressurization rate, which shall last for 24h. The rate of pressurization shall be calculated according to Formula (2); if the result is not more than 5%, this examination is deemed to be satisfied.
P,P21 ?P=×100%………………………………………….(2) P1
式中:Here:
P,试验初始绝压;P1,Test initial absolute pressure 1
P,24h时的实际绝压;P2,Actual absolute pressure at the time of 24h 2
ΔP,24h的增压率，%。ΔP,Rate of pressurization during the 24h, %
8.3.8 设计文件规定用卤素、氦气、氨气或其他方法进行泄漏性试验时，应按专门技术规定进行。
8.3.8 If specified by the design document, halogen, helium, alkaline air or other method is adopted for
gas leakage test, special technical specification shall be duly followed.
?9 交工文件 Handover document
9.1 施工单位按合同规定完成全部工程后，应及时与建设单位交接手续。
9.1 The construction unit shall upon the completion of all works as per the contract handle the procedure of handover with the employer in time.
9.2 施工单位与建设/监理单位应对下列资料共同检查、确认。
a) 管道补偿器的预拉伸或预压缩记录;
b) 管道系统的压力试验、泄漏性试验、真空度试验记录;
c) 管道系统的吹扫记录;
d) 管道系统的隐蔽工程记录;
e) 爆破片、安全液封、阻火器等安全装置的安装记录，安全阀试验、调试记录。
9.2 Construction unit shall together with the employer/supervision unit check and confirm the
following data:
a) Records of pre-drawing or precompression of the compensator of piping;
b) Records of pressure test, leakage test and test of vacuum degree for piping system;
c) Records of sweeping of piping system;
d) Records of the concealed works of piping system;
e) Records of installation of security equipment such as blasting plate, safe liquid seal, flame
arrester, etc; records of test and debugging of relief valve
9.3 工程交接验收时，施工单位应向建设单位提交下列技术文件:
a) 按本规范9.2条经确认合格的资料;
b) 管道组成件、焊接材料的产品质量证明文件;
c) 管道组成件、焊接材料的验证性检验记录;
d) SHA级管道的弯管加工记录及管端的螺纹、密封面加工记录;
e) 管道组成件检查、试验记录;
f) 符合本规范7.5.15条要求的单线图;
g) 无损检测报告;
h) 静电接地测试记录;
i) 设计变更及材料代用文件;
j) 合金钢材料的光谱分析复查记录;
k) 焊接接头的热处理报告(含温度,时间自动记录曲线)及硬度检测报告;
l) 管道隔热、防腐工程施工记录;
m) 管道竣工图。
9.3 At the time of handover, the construction unit shall provide the employer with the following
technical documents:
a) Certified data as specified in Clause 9.2
b) Quality certification of constituent elements and welding materials of piping system;
c) Records of verification on constituent elements and welding materials of piping system;
d) The processing records of elbow of SHA piping, screw thread at the piping ends and the
sealing surface;
e) Records of the check and test of constituent elements of piping;
f) Line diagram as specified in Clause 7.5.15;
g) Report of nondestructive examination;
h) Records of static earthing test;
i) Design alteration and material substitution document;
j) Records of recheck of the spectrographic analysis for alloy steel materials;
k) Records of heat treatment of welding joints (including temperature-time self-recorded
curve) and report of hardness test;
l) Construction records of heat insulation and corrosion prevention works;
m) As-built drawing of piping.
9.4 交工文件的要求和格式，应符合SH 3503,2001的规定。
9.4 The requirement and form of the handover document shall conform to the regulation of SH3503-2001.
SH 3503,2001对管道施工的交工技术表格有较详细规定，有关交工文件的内容及交份数、编制及交付等均应按照SH 3503,
2001的要求执行。
The technical form for handover of the piping construction is specified in details in SH3503-2001. All the content of handover document,
number of copies, compilation and delivery shall subject to the requirement of SH3503-2001.
按照压力管道质量管理体系运行的要求，管道施工过程的质量管理见证资料必须完备，以证实企业具有足够的压
力管道安装质量保证能力
?附录A Appendix A
(资料性附录)(Data Appendix)
常用有毒介质、可燃介质
Common Hypertoxic and Combustible Medium
表A.1~A.3分别给出了石油化工常用有毒介质、常用可燃气体及常用液化烃、可燃液体介质。
Common hypertoxic medium, combustible gas, liquified hydrocarbon and combustible liquid
medium for petrochemical industry are listed in table A.1 to A.3.
表A.1 常用有毒介质Table A.1 Common Hypertoxic Medium 级别 名 称
Level Name
汞及其化合物、砷及其无机化合物、氯乙烯、铬酸盐、重铬酸盐、黄磷、铍及其化合物、极度危害 对硫磷、羰基镍、八氟异丁烯、锰及其无机化合物、氰化物、苯、氯甲醚 Utmost Hg and its compound, arsenic and its inorganic compound, chloroethylene, chromate, hazard bichromate, yellow phosphorous, beryllium and its compound, parathion, carbonyl nickel,
octafluoroisobutylene, manganese and its compound, cyanide, benzene, chloroformethylether
二硝基甲苯、铅及其化合物、二硫化碳、氯、丙烯腈、四氯化碳、硫化氢、甲醛、苯胺、
氟化氢、五氯酚及其钠盐、镉及其化合物、敌百虫、氯丙烯、钒及其化合物、溴甲烷、
硫酸二甲酯、金属镍、甲苯二异氰酸脂、环氧氯丙烷、砷化氢、敌敌畏、光气、氯丁二
烯、一氧化碳、硝基苯 高度危害Dinitrotoluene, lead and its compound, carbon disulfide, chlorine, Acrylonitrile, carbon High tetrachloride, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, aniline, hydrogen fluoride, pentachlorophenol hazard and its sodium-base, cadmium and its compound, Dylox, chloropropene, vanadium and its
compound, bromomethane, sulfuric acid, methyl ester, metallic nickel, phenylmethane
bi-carbimide lipide, chloroepoxy propane, arsine, dichlorvos, phosgene, chloroprene, carbon
monoxide, nitrobenzene
二甲苯、三氯乙烯、二甲基甲酰胺、六氟丙烯、苯酚、氮氧化物、苯乙烯、甲醇、硝酸、中度危害 硫酸、盐酸、甲苯 Moderate Xylene, trichloroethylene, dimethyl formamide, hexafluoropropylene, carbolic acid, hazard oxyfluoride, styrene, carbinol, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, toluene 轻度危害 溶剂汽油、丙酮、氢氧化钠、四氟乙烯、氨
Negligible Solvent gasoline, acetone, sodium hydroxide, perfluoroethylene, ammonia hazard
表A.2 常用可燃气体 Table A.2 Common Combustible Gas
类别名 称
Category Name
甲 乙炔、环氧乙烷、氢气、合成气、硫化氢、乙烯、氰化氢、丙烯、丁烯、丁二烯、顺丁A 烯、反丁烯、甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、丙二烯、环丙烷、甲胺、环丁烷、甲醛、甲醚、
氯甲烷、氯乙烯、异丁烷
Ethyne, epoxy ethane, hydrogen gas, synthetic gas, hydrogen sulfide, ethene, hudrogen
cyanide, propylene, butene, bivinyl, syn-butylene, anti-butylene, methane, ethane, propane,
butane, allene, cyclopropene, aminomethane, cyclobutane, formaldehyde, formethylether,
chloromethane, vinyl chloride, isobutane
乙 二氧化碳、氨、溴甲烷
B carbon dioxide, ammonia, methyl bromide
表A.3 常用液化烃、可燃液体
Table A.3 Common Liquified Hydrocarbon and Combustible Liquid
类别 名 称
Category Name
液化甲烷、液化天然气、液化顺式-2丁烯、液化乙烯、液化乙烷、液化反式-2丁烯、
液化环丙烷、液化丙烯、液化丙烯、液化环丁烷、液化新戊烷、液化丁烯、液化丁烷、
液化氯乙烯、液化环氧乙烷、液化丁二烯、液化异丁烷、液化石油气、液化氯甲烷、二
甲胺
A Liquefied methane, liquefied natural gas, fluidized syn-dibutene, liquefied ethene, liquefied
ethane, fluidized anti- dibutene, liquefied cyclopropane, liquefied propylene, liquefied
propane, liquefied cyclobutane, liquefied neopentane, liquefied butene, liquefied butane,
liquefied vinyl chloride, liquefied epoxy ethane, liquefied butadiene, liquefied isobutene,
liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied chloromethane, dimethylamine
异戊二烯、异戊烷、汽油、戊烷、二硫化碳、异己烷、己烷、石油醚、异庚烷、环己烷、
辛烷、异辛烷、苯、庚烷、石脑油、原油、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲
A 苯、异丁醇、乙醚、乙醛、环氧丙烷、甲酸甲酯、乙胺、二乙胺、丙酮、丁醛、二氯甲
烷、三乙胺、醋酸乙烯、甲乙酮、丙烯腈、醋酸乙酯、醋酸异丙酯、二氯乙烯、甲醇、
异丙醇、乙醇、醋酸丙酯、丙醇、醋酸异丁酯、甲酸丁酯、吡啶、二氯乙烷、醋酸丁酯、
醋酸异戊酯、甲酸戊酯、丙烯酸甲酯
Isoprene, isopentane, gasoline, pentane, carbon disulfide, isohexane, hexane, petroleum ether, B isoheptane, cyclonexane, octane, isooctane, benzene, heptane, naphtha, crude oil, toluene,
ethylbenzene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, isobutanol, aether, acetic aldehyde,
epoxy propane, formic ether, ethylamine, diethylamine, acetone, butyraldehyde, methylene
chloride, triethylamine, vinyl acetate, butanone, Acrylon, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate,
dichlorethylene, carbinol, isopropanol, ethanol, propyl acetate, ethyl carbinol, butyl acetate,
butyl fomiate, pyridine, dichloroethane, butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, amyl formate, methyl
acrylate
丙苯、环氧氯丙烯、苯乙烯、喷气燃料、煤油、丁醇、氯苯、乙二胺、戊醇、环己酮、
冰醋酸、异戊醇
A propyl benzene, chloroepoxy propane, styrene, propellant, kerosene oil, butanol,
chlorobenzene, ethylenediamine, pentanol, cyclohexanone, glacial acetic acid, isoamyl B alcohol,
35号轻柴油、环戊烷、硅酸乙酯、氯乙醇、氯丙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、轻柴油* B No. 35 light diesel oil, cyclopentane, ethyl silicate, chloroethanol, chloropropanol, methyl
formamide, light diesel oil
重柴油、苯胺、锭子油、酚、甲酚、糠醛、20号重油、苯甲醛、环己醇、甲基丙烯酸、
甲酸、乙二醇丁醚、甲醛、糠醇、辛醇、乙醇胺、丙二醇、乙二醇、二甲基乙酰胺
C A Heavy diesel oil, aniline, spindle oil, phenol, cresol, furfural, No.20 heavy oil, benzaldehyde,
cyclohexanol, methacrylate ester, formic acid, glycol butyl ether, formaldehyde, sugar
alcohol, octanol, ethanolamine, propanediol, ethanediol, methylacetamide
腊油、100号重油、渣油、变压器油、润滑油、二乙二醇醚、三乙二醇醚、邻苯二甲酸
二丁脂、甘油、联苯-联苯醚混合物
B Paraffin oil, No. 100 heavy oil, residual oil, transformer oil, lubricant, diethyl di-alcohol
ether, triethyl di-alcohol ether, dibutyl phthalate, glycerine, biphenyl-biphenylyl ether
compound
?附录B
Appendix B
(资料性附录)
(Data Appendix)
焊接接头坡口形式及组对要求
Type of Groove of Weld Joint and Requirements for Assembly
表B.1 焊接接头坡口形式及组对要求
Table B.1 Type of Groove of Weld Joint and Requirements for Assembly
δ b p R H α β 名称 形式 mm mm mm mm mm 。 。
Type Name
I形
坡口 1~3 0~1.5 , , , , , I type
groove
1.5~25 60~70 ?8
Y形
坡口 1~1.5 , , , Y type
groove >8 2~3 60~65
带垫环
Y形坡口
3~5 0~2 S=3~4 B=20~30 45~55 ?6 , Y type
groove with gasket ring
双Y形
坡口 12~60 2~3 1~3 50`60 , , , Double Y
type groove
YV形
坡口 2.5~4 1.5~2 8~12 60~70 ?17 , δ/3 YV type groove
带钝边
U形
坡口
2.5~4 1.5~2 4~5 8~12 ?17 , , U shape
groove with
truncated edge
法兰
角焊
1.4δ接头 , , , , , , +2~3 Fillet weld joint of flange
管件
角焊
接头 1~1.5 , , , , , , Fillet weld joint of pipe fitting
跨接式
三通
支管
坡口 2~3 1~2 45~55 ?4 , , , Cross type
groove of
tee branch
pipe
?附表1 工业管道工程主要施工规范(石油化工) 项 目 GB50235-97 SH3501-2002 SH3502-2000 SH3517-2001
核能、矿井专用管道以外石油化工钢制有毒、可石油化工行业工石油化工 适用范围 的所有工业管道 燃管道 业管道 工业管道
GB5044中规定的毒物;无GB5044中规定的 GB5044中规定的毒毒性 毒介质 毒物 物;无毒介质 性 GB50160中规定的可燃介GB50160中规定的可—— 质 可燃GB50160中规定的可质; 燃介质和 性 燃介质 介 非可燃介质 非可燃介质 质 设计 400Pa(绝对压力),0,9.. 8MPa 400Pa(绝对压力),?42MPa(含真空) 压力 42MPa(表压) (表压) 42MPa(表压) 参
数 设计 材料允许使用的温度 -196,850? -60,250? -196,850? 温度
钢、铜、铝、钛、铅、铸
材 料 铁、硅铁、 钢 工业纯钛 钢
耐腐蚀衬里
注: 介质包括气体，液体及流体化固体;
?附表2 工业管道工程主要施工规范(油气田) 项 目 SY0402-2000 SY/T0460-2000 SY0422-97 SY0466-97
陆上石油天然气集输天然气净化 适用范围 油田集输管道 天然气集输管道 站内工艺管道 装置管道
硫化氢、酸性气、 性 原油、含油污水、蒸未净化天然气 工艺介质 甲醇、蒸汽、硫、 质 汽、石油伴生气 (含石油伴生气) 空气 介 设计 * 质 ,10 MPa ,32 MPa1(6,70 MPa —— 压力 参
数 设计 -20,350? —— —— —— 温度
材 料 钢 钢 钢 钢
注:1、SY0402-2000不适用于油气田内部脱水装置和站内高温导热油、设备本体管道。
2、SY0422-97不适用于工作压力大于1(6 MPa的石油伴生气管道。
在表1、表2所列的规范中，还有一些相关标准和规范，如焊接、无损检测等，施工时应采用规范引用的标准规范。与上述施工验收规范相配套的有关标准见表3。
?附表3 工业管道工程施工相关标准规范 工业管道工程 GB50235 SH3501 SY0402 SY/T0460 SY0422 SY/T0466 施工验收规范 -97 -2002 -2000 -2000 -97 -97
阀门检验 —— SH3518 —— —— SY/T4102 SY/T4102 相 SH/T3520 关 SH/T3523 规 焊接规程 GB50236 SY/T4103 GB50236 —— —— SH/T3525 范 SH/T3526
焊接工 GB50236 GB50236 —— SY / T4103 SY / T4103 SY / T4103 艺评定 JB4708
射线检测 GB3323 JB4730 SY4056 SY4056 SY4056 SY4056
JB4730 超声波检测 GB11345 JB4730 SY4065 SY4065 SY4065 SY4065
磁粉检测 JB4730 JB4730 JB4730 —— —— —— 渗透检测 JB4730 JB4730 JB4730 —— —— ——
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