高中英语语法定语从句教案及练习

高中英语语法定语从句教案及练习 高中英语语法--定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常 出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有:when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗,(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗, 2)that代替关系副词，可以用于 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 及物动词和不及物动词 A 有些动词只是及物动词; 它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。 { False: They always want after lunch. Right: They always want a cup of tea after lunch. { False: He is sending now. Right: He is sending a letter now. B 有些动词只是不及物动词;它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语，动词后面必须加上介词。 - 1 - { Right: He is looking around. False: He is looking me. Right: He is looking at me. { Right: He is listening carefully. False: He is listening the teacher carefully. Right: He is listening to the teacher carefully. C 有些动词既是及物动词 ，又是不及物动词; 但是有时候词义会改变。 { The customer is asking loudly. The customer is asking for you now. The customer is asking a question now. { If you work hard, you will succeed. If you work hard, you will succeed in passing the exam (same meaning). If you work hard, you will succeed John as the manager of this company (different meaning). 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 一: 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则 要求用关系副词。例如: 判断改错: (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对) I\'ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 :例1 D，例2 A 例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语(状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。)表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 18.5 介词+关系词 1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2)that前不能有介词。 3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的\"介词+关系词\"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如: This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗, Do you remember the day when you joined our club? - 2 - 18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句 and that。As一般 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或放在句首，which在句中。例如: As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。 典型例题 1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点: (1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 as 的用法 例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如: I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有\'正如\'。例如: As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 As is known, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 18.7 先行词和关系词二合一 1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2) The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替) 18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever 1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如: What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。 Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如: (错)Who breaks the law will be punished. (错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. (对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。 (对)Who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。 3) that 和 what 当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如: - 3 - I think(that)you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。 What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。 18.9 关系代词that 的用法 1)不用that的情况 a) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如: (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用。例如: We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b) 在不定代词，如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如: All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 练习、定语从句 选择填空: 1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten. A. that B. which C. what D. as 4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily? A. when B. where C. which D. who 5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as 6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here. A. whom B. which C. who D. when 7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning? A. when B. where C. which D. who 8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there? A. who B. / C. that D. when 9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker. A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who 10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbor. A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which 11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 12. The man ____ around our school is from America. A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed 13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard. - 4 - A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who 14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which 15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you? A. that B. whom C. when D. whose 16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police. A. that B. which C. whatever D. all 17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those 18. This is the very letter ____came last night. A. who B. which C. that D. as 19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I. A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one 20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago. A. where B. / C. when D. what 21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago. A. where B. that C. which D. on which 22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island. A. which B. in which C. that D. / 23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him. A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which 24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow? A. that B. which C. its D. whose . In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help. 25 A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom 26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. which C. that D. where 27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. where C. in which D. / 28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country? A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise. A. it B. which C. that D. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people. A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were 31. I live in the house ____ windows face south. A. which B. whose C. where D. in that 32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis. A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it 33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had. A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which 34. The room ____ Mr. White lives is not very large. A. that B. which C. where D. when 35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League. A. when B. that C. at which D. where 36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month. A. that B. what C. which D. when 37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected. - 5 - A. which B. as C. that D. it . ____ is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn. 38 A. What B. As C. That D. Which 39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War ?. A. whose B. that C. whom D. who 40. There was ____ to prevent the accident. A. something could do B. anything we could do C. nothing we couldn’t do D. nothing we could do . Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind? 41 A. why B. which C. for that D. of which 42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough. A. which B. what C. it D. that 43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article. A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed 44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam. A. It B. Which C. As D. That 45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected. A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what 46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser. A. when B. as C. whose D. what 47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me. A. when B. as C. whose D. what those books that ____ worth reading. 48. That is one of A. is B. are C. has D. have 49. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best. A. is B. are C. has D. have 50. This is the only book ____ I can find. A. that B. which C. it D. with which 1~5 ABACD 6~10 CDCCA 11~15 CCADA 16~20 ACCAB 21~25 ABBDC 26~30 ADABD 31~35 BBDCA 36~40 CABCD 41~45 AADCD 46~50 BBBAA - 6 -