人体结构与人物动态速写训练（Human body structure and dynamic sketch training of characters）

人体结构与人物动态速写训练（Human body structure and dynamic sketch training of characters） 人体结构与人物动态速写训练(Human body structure and dynamic sketch training of characters) Human body structure and dynamic sketch training of characters School of art, Zhongnan Branch of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xu Ling Synopsis: Sketch has two functions: collecting material for painting and training modeling ability. Mature dynamic sketch technique is the sign of painter's maturity. To draw a dynamic sketch of the human body, the painter should not only have keen sensibility and high molding ability, but also master the rules of human structure and make good use of anatomical knowledge. In this paper, the basic rules of human structure are taken as the breakthrough point, and the training methods of character dynamic sketch are further discussed. Key word: Human body structure, anatomy, skeleton, sketch and dynamics Text: As a kind of in a relatively short period of time will quickly down object form of painting, the painting sketch can show keen observation ability and the material world feel fresh, vivid and moving picture, is a prominent feature of the sketch. Sketch has two functions: collecting material for painting and training modeling ability. Sketches depict things far beyond the classroom sketch practice content, insist on sketching, art creation and art design can accumulate rich artistic material for the day to do. Sketch is also a good method of training practical ability. Some of the contents of the sketch training can be understood as a short sketch in the form of homework, relatively long time drawing training at the same time, many sketches, long and short interspersed do homework, it is a kind of good method, basic training in painting the sketch is a form of exercise to sketch training. Sketches can describe any object in our lives at any moment, especially in describing objects in motion and fleeting trends. The mature dynamic sketch technique is the sign of the artist's maturity. However, "Rome wasn't built in a day." to the dynamic sketch of the human body, the painting should not only have a keen ability to feel and high modeling ability, but also master the rules about the structure of the human body, skilled use of anatomical knowledge. I. rules of human structure As a plastic arts, in order to facilitate the capture of objects and shapes, it is usually the image of the geometric shape of the length, radius of the comparison, generalization, segmentation and combination. In shaping characters, if we master the rules of the human body structure, we can analyze its form and structure from inside and outside, grasp its changes, and make it more rigorous and solid. The science of human form and structure is called the study of human structure from the need of plastic arts. The structure of human body requires the figure of human body, the internal structure that determines the feature of this shape, and the variety of movements produced by the internal structure, to illustrate the rules of human body structure. To master the rules of human structure, we must first master human anatomy, because only through the study of it can we fully understand the principles of human structure. Human anatomy is the science of studying the normal shape of human body, and belongs to the category of morphology in biological science. The purpose of studying the structure of the human body in different disciplines is also different, such as engaging in sports and discussing human anatomy, which is called "sports anatomy". As a plastic art, we pay more attention to the shape and movement of the human body, which we call art anatomy. The morphological, anatomy for artists including characteristics of men and women, young and old, race, individual and so on; in terms of internal structure, scope of "Anatomy" of art is mainly the bones, joints, muscles, and skin, hair etc.. Due to the internal structure of the body determines the shape characteristics, dominate the whole body movement, the morphological characteristics and function of bone, joint, muscle and body, is the most basic content structure of human body, is also the most key. Study on the shape and structure of art, is not only in the static state, and through the study of the gravity center of the human body, the supporting surface, further master about human body movement, and on some morphological changes in the human body. 1 bones The skeleton is the basis and support of the human body, and exercises various movements through all kinds of joints. In the shape of the body skeleton determines the size and shape of the thickness and width, the body growth direction and shape. Starting from the appearance, in addition to the name of the familiar human skeletal, but more important, is to grasp the basic form of the skeletal view, including the basic shape, growth trend, the proportion of bone and bone length, location and shape features. The bone spots are formed on the bone surface of the bone, ranging in size and convex and concave. Most of them are the starting and ending points of muscles. There are long bones, short, flat and irregular bones and other types of bone. Such as limbs long bone is long. It is characterized by one two ends. One is the backbone, oblong shape. Terminal, often swollen and has a smooth articular surface. To grasp the overall growth trend of the backbone, and pay attention to the influence of both ends on the shape, as well as changes after exercise. Short, cube. Able to bear greater pressure, mostly in groups, such as the carpal bones of the wrist. Flat, a plate. Spread over the head, chest, etc. Such as the head, the skull, the shoulder blades. Irregularly shaped, irregularly shaped, as in the vertebrae of the spine. In a relative period, not the external changes of skeletal changes, which belongs to the fixed form. The skeletal sex difference, manifested in the male skeleton weight is rough, the structure prominent. Female bone block light, small volume, bone surface smooth, small bumps. 2, joint Between human bone and bone connection become joint through ligaments and tendons, it is the hub of human motion. The joint body has different types and shapes, such as ball and socket type ball and socket type, elliptic, saddle type, hinge type and axle type etc.. In most joint activities are buckling and exercise ball, extension, abduction, adduction and internal rotation and external rotation, and ring dynamic action. The difference between bone and joint in juvenile and adult mainly lies in the fact that the former has slender limbs and large joints, while the latter has strong limbs and obvious joint bone. Because the body through the joint exercise a variety of movements, thus forming a variety of trends, it is particularly important to understand the structure and molding features of each joint. In addition, the joints are often attached to the skin, most notably in the shape of the body, and must be realistic when portrayed, rather than evasive and vague. For the bones and joints, from the perspective of the structure of the human body, the most critical is the most difficult to grasp, and is easy to be ignored, should be each joint shape, simple and intended as a way to structure and tenon, connect each body skeleton, the skeleton as a whole organic smart thus, the human body shape vivid and vigorous. 3 muscle The muscles wrap up the bones, which are prominent under the skin, and the influence of the shape is self-evident. In general, such as the growth of skeletal muscle, from the starting point to the stop point, more than one or more joints should be attached to the adjacent two bone surfaces. While muscle movement, it is from the stop point to the starting point contraction, traction movement of the joint, resulting in the corresponding body movements, muscle shape is also a variety of changes, from relaxation, soft, shortened and hardened. As each muscle grows differently, they fall into different types. The long muscle mainly composed of the limbs, whose length is larger than the transverse diameter, and the tendon at both ends is called the tendon. Some tendons are flat and called aponeurosis. Tendon parts are the starting and ending points of muscle growth, the middle of which is called the muscle belly, and the shape is fat. We start from the other needs, in addition to a number of names, memorize about the muscle muscle growth and the position of starting and ending point, a silent muscle type body painting; two to understand the correlation between muscles overlap with the more important, interspersed; is to learn how to use the hand to summarize for the muscle. The volume of the concept of combination of each department form. Two, character dynamic sketch training A sketch exercise in which characters are portrayed as a course for beginners or students with a certain basis to practice. Characters include many aspects of modeling factors, such as proportion, structure, dynamics, expression, shape, body block combination, etc.. By grasping the relationship of many molding factors, Develop good habits and abilities that are holistic and holistic. This depiction of the other objects can play the function of the one. Character dynamic sketch is different from character static sketch. Because the object is to change state, often used in the static character sketch repeated observation method to capture the object at this time can not be used, nor by the method of prepared performance object, dynamic character sketches can only rely on the specific dynamic action object changes in the process of selection and the selection of specific dynamic feelings and memory, and learn to grasp the dynamic body line. 1, select a specific dynamic Choosing specific dynamics is a unique technique for dynamic sketching. In the face of free - moving characters, the particular dynamics chosen by the sketch must be the most dynamic moment in the series of movements of the object. This moment dynamic should conform to two conditions, one is the selected action should have "modeling"; the other is the dynamic to be aesthetic, the two conditions are indispensable. For example, when we select a shot, we choose the dynamics that best reflects speed, strength, and strength. That is, when the shooter takes off, he raises the force of the arm. 2, the choice of specific dynamic feelings and memories It is also important to select the particular dynamic feelings and memories that are a one-time process and cannot be repeated many times. This kind of one-time memory must be sensitive, and if we lose the receptive memory, the actions we draw may become formulaic and conceptual. It is only by understanding the specificity of the particular action and the knowledge of the anatomy of the human body that it is possible for us to draw specific movements such as dribbling, running, or idle jogging. In practice, we can not rely solely on the instant of the observation to the completion of a specific dynamic sketch works, must also rely on the specific actions of general knowledge and experience of memory to complete the work. 3, seize the human body dynamic line We usually call the main line of action characteristic in human body "dynamic line", and we must learn to grasp and express "dynamic line" in order to achieve the above requirements in dynamic sketch training". Dynamic lines are generally represented by large volume changes in human movements. When the character is on the side, the dynamic line is often reflected on the side of the outer contour. When the character is positive, the dynamic line protrudes from the spine and limbs. Seize the dynamic line for drawing good character dynamic sketch is very important, should pay attention to the following aspects: (1) the dynamic line is produced by the change of the human body movements. It is the most obvious part of the shape, and the clothes and the body are stuck tight; (2) when drawing a dynamic line, you should grasp the big part, grasp the key motive force, and pay attention to the dynamic center of gravity; (3) the dynamic line is very succinct line, according to the complexity of the action determines the number of dynamic lines, in each action, the main dynamic line is only one, and the other is the dynamic auxiliary line; (4) grasp the structural relationships of the key parts of the human body, such as the head and shoulders, arms and trunk, pelvis and legs, joints of the thigh and lower leg, and the joints of the lower leg and foot. To draw a good dynamic character sketches, in addition to the above three aspects, but also pay attention to more and more pictures, see including copying, getting inspiration from the outstanding works of the masters, find a suitable for their own techniques, can be effective. Dynamic character sketches is a need to pay great efforts and training professional training courses, not small streams, no rivers, not enough skill training, good dynamic character sketches can only be empty talk, only perennial unremittingly training hard, hard time to practice a dynamic character sketches, for the future to create outstanding works of art and lay a solid foundation. Main references: 1. Jiang Danshu, "art anatomy", the Commercial Press, 1959 2.[America] George? Bryman, Xiao ou, Xin Xin, Onokazu, "the structure of the human body painting teaching", Guangxi Fine Arts Publishing House, 2002 3.[English] Gordon (Cordon, L.), Wang Yi, art of human movement anatomy, Shanghai people's fine arts press, 2005 4. "art Zuimeng Cao, other anatomy", Liaoning Fine Arts Publishing House, 2006