中国英国教育的差异英语作文

中国英国教育的差异英语作文 篇一:中国、英国、美国教育的区别与共同 点分析(英文) When it comes to education, no country can ignore its importance. Take the USA as an example, it takes effort to educate an entire national population and its goal of education is to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public. Educationcontributes a lot to the progress of science and technology, the prosperity of the society and the development of the individuals. The USA, the GreatBritain and China all attach great importance to education, and there are many similarities and difference among the three countries concerning the goals of education. The goals of the education among the 3 countries all include 2 parts. One is about the advantage of the society and the other is about the advance of society.Obviously, education is both meaningful to the country and the individuals. The question is which one comes first? The USA and the Great Britainare developed countries. They have the similar social system and advocate individualism, so they share the same attitude toward the question, namely, the basic goal of education is to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to become active members of society and then education is supposed to promote the society and the nation. China is a developing country, which has a long way to go. Develop the country through science and educationfunctions as a basic national policy in China. It suggests that, unlike the Great Britain or the USA, China seems to stress more about the importance of education to the whole country. The two different attitudes bring about different effection. In the USA and the Great Britain, Students’choices on education are greatly respected. They can choose to learn what they love and teachers help them to find and develop their interests. However, Chinese students are always leaded by teachers and aim at high scores. They are told what to learn instead of finding what they really love. They spend most of their time learning so they are often separated from the society. Of course, Chinese students always have a better foundation of knowledge than the students in the USA and the Great Britain. Which result is better? In facts, the 3 countries should learn from each other. The USA and the Great Britain had better pay more attentions to their basic education so as to help students build a solid foundation of knowledge. And it’s necessary for China to try giving students more freedom of education. Anyway, though working out a difficult mathematical is good, the society prefers those who can adapt to the changes in the 21th century. 篇二:浅谈中英文在文化上的差异 浅谈中英文在文化上的差异 中国与英语国家在文化上的差异体现在社会生活的诸多方面， 也体现在地域文化的差异，习俗文化的差异，姓名与称呼用语的 差异，交际用语的差异，数字内涵，委婉语和对应词及其内涵方 面。我从中选取几个方面来，通过对这些方面的讨论来探讨中英 文在文化上的差异性。 首先要讨论两国语言在文化上的差异就应该了解什么叫文化， 以及文化与语言的关系。 所谓文化就是一个群体的人们在其发展过程中引导其生活、保 障其生存的全部 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 的总和。我们每一个人，无论生长何地，都 是各自特定文化与表达文化的语言的产物。鲁斯 ?本尼迪克特在 《文化类型》中说道:“一个人从他呱呱坠地的那一刻起，他周围 的环境与风俗习惯就影响着他的经历和行为。等到他咿呀学语的 时候，他已成为此文化熏陶的一个小生灵了。待到他长大成人， 能够参与社会活动时，这一特定的文化习惯便成了他的习惯，其特有的观念也变成了他的观念，其禁忌也就变成了他的禁忌。”这高度概括了文化对我们每个人的影响。 同时，语言与文化相依为命，不可能脱离另一方面而独立存在，语言反映文化特征并预示文化发展的方向，两者的关系可简单地比作内容与形式相互依赖、相互作用的关系。 中英文在文化上的差异具体体现在以下几个方面: 一( 地域文化的差异 地域文化主要指地理环境、自然环境方面的文化。受自然环境的影响，不同民族在对同一事物的认识上存在差异。有些事物在一种语言中为美，而在另一种语言中为丑;有些事物在一种语言中有丰富的内涵，而在另一种语言中毫无意义。地域文化上的差异又体现在: 1.中英文动物词文化的差异 在中国，龙被视为神物，集力量、智慧、运气、喜庆、威严、威武、权力于一身。封建时代的皇帝常把自己比做“龙”，中华民族也称自己为“龙的传人”，“龙的子孙”。而在英语中，dragon被看作“邪恶”、“恐怖”，甚至“战争”的代名词。《圣经》里多次提到的魔鬼撒旦就是一个与上帝作对的诱惑者和叛逆者的形象，它被称作the old Dragon。英国著名作家狄更斯在《艰难时世》中也以“Dragon”这个词来描述斯巴塞太太:„„镇上的人们走来走去看见她坐在那儿，却把她看作这个银行的“毒龙”(Bank dragon)。 2.中英文植物词文化的差异 竹子这种植物与中国文化有着深厚的关系，历代文人墨客赏竹、画竹、咏竹。郑板桥的竹画享誉世界，邵谒的名句“竹死不变节，花落有余香”深入人心，竹子逐渐成了中国人坚强不屈、高风亮节的性格的象征。但bamboo一词在英语里只不过是一种很普通的植物，没有任何外延意义。 二( 习俗文化的差异 习俗文化指的是一个民族在长期的生活中所形成的习惯和风俗。如果仔细对比一下中西两种文化中有关日常生活和社会习俗方面的例子，我们就不难看出它们的差别。 1. 姓名的差异 英国国家是基督教国家，人们的姓名与宗教有着不可分割的联系，姓名的结构一般是教名+自取名+姓氏，与我国姓氏在前，名在后相反。在很多场合中，中间名一般略去不写，按照英语民族的习俗，一般婴儿在受洗礼时，由牧师或者父母为其命名，称为教名。以后本人取第二个名字，排在教名之后。 2.称呼用语的差异 在英语国家，不认识的人之间通常用“Sir”和“Madam”关系不太密切或表示尊重时。使用Mr.，Mrs.，Miss或Ms.加姓氏，如:Mr.Black，Mrs.White，Ms.Jones，但是这些称呼只与姓氏一起使用，不与教名或自取名一起使用. 在我国改革开放之前，不熟悉的人在称呼时，彼此都成为“同 志”。之后，随着社会的变化与发展，称呼也逐渐发生了改变。现在，不论男女，通常大多都成为“师傅”。该词原本是与徒弟想对应的，用于称呼陌生人，不免会使英语国家的人们感觉诧异。在汉英翻译时，将改词视男女译为Sir或Madam更符合其意。 在我国，熟人之间通常在姓氏前加“老”或“小”来称呼对方，以表示亲切，如:老赵，小李等。在英语国家，万万不可以在姓名前 加old或 young,因为人们普遍恐惧年老, old age被看作是无能力和不愉快生活的时期,而年轻则含有无经验、 不成熟之意。在汉语 里，我们可以用厂长，经理，局长，书记，老师等额词在其前加姓氏作为称呼语，而在英语中却不可以。我们不可以说Director Wang，Techer Li，而应当用Mr.，Mrs.,Madam等与姓氏连用。 3.对与个人隐私注重程度的差异 我们都知道中国人自来熟，在很短的时间内就能把对方的家庭情况、个人状况了解得清清楚楚，这是因为中国人千百年来居住集中，接触频繁，个人生活或私生活很容易被人知道或干预。加上中国人互相关心，互相爱护，认为个人的事即家庭乃至集体的事，所以他们很愿意了解别人的欢乐与痛苦，别人也愿意说出自己的喜悦与不快。而对英美人来说，如果有陌生人询问他们的薪水、年龄、婚姻状况、宗教信仰等问题，他们可能会感到尴尬或不快，甚至抱怨:真是闲得无聊，你有窥探他人隐私之癖啊～ 4. 对颜色内涵理解的差异 红色在中国人的眼里象征热烈，欢庆，喜庆，所以中国人的婚礼一定要穿大红，而丧礼则是从头到脚的白，大喜与大悲洋溢其间。热闹与悲伤的气氛充斥在婚礼的锣鼓与丧礼的唢呐声中。但是在西方人眼中，白色是纯洁的象征，所以他们的婚礼穿白色婚纱，以示纯洁高贵。丧礼一定要穿黑色体现庄严肃穆。安静是两者都不可或缺的。 四(英汉文化差异对翻译的影响 英汉文化差异对翻译的影响主要表现在以下几个方面: 一、观察与思维上的差异对翻译的影响 英汉两个民族在观察与思维上是存在着差异的: 面对同一物体，用以概括的概念也有出入，因而语言表达方式也不同。如对颜色的观察和使用,就有不同的概念 。 英语:“black tea”在汉语中不叫“黑茶”，而叫“红茶”:“brownbread”是“黑面包”，而不是“棕色面包”。汉语的“红眼病”，英语为“green - eyed”。汉语的“青衣”，“青天”同是一个“青”字， 翻译成英文就只能分别译作“black dress”和“blue sky”。汉语“黑眼睛”，英语为“drakeyes”;英语的“black eyes”，汉语为“挨打后出现的黑眼圈”;此外,英汉两个民族在逻辑思维上也存在着差异。例如: 英文句子You cannotbe too careful in the exam. 若直译为“考试时你不要太细心”。那就大错特错了。因为从句法上看，它是一个双重否定结构， 从思维方式上看，它是一种逆向思维。其正确译文是: 考试时你要特别细心。因此，对于 这一类因思维差异而引起的表达不同的概念，译者同样要越过表 达形式的局限进行意义上的对等翻译。 二、时间观念的差异对翻译的影响 由于英汉文化 “the latest news”译成中文就不能译为“最后 消息”而只宜译为”最新消息”。类似的例子如the latest discovery of sth(最?a href=“; target=“_blank” class=“keylink”>路?? ，the latest development of sth(最新发展) 等。再看下面的例句“可是我们已说到故事的后面 篇三:英国文化与中国文化对比(英文) Western students enjoy a seemingly relaxed educational experience. This, however, is not the case for students in Asia, who face crushing workloads and are often very disciplined. In the first part of her Globalist. The decision is partly based on an inability — or unwillingness — to spend thousands of dollars in tuition fees, especially given the suspicion that local schools are better anyway. After all, what more could one want from a basic education than a strong grounding in language, math and science, all subjects in which Asian schools famously excel. Our main concern is the ability of our son — and indeed the whole family — to adapt to the strict diligence that is expected of the Chinese. Apprehension increases when talking to local friends. China has a long history of standardized tests, beginning with the ancient imperial exams initiated during the Sui Dynasty.Shelly Chen is at the top of the class at the Shanghai foreign language school, one of the city’s best middle schools. Already near fluent in English, she is studying German and ranks among the highest in her grade in physics. Her goal is to get a full scholarship to Harvard to study biochemistry. It is not only Western expatriates that grow anxious when hearing about students like Shelly.Throughout England, politicians, parents and pundits worry that the industriousness and discipline of kids in the East are leaving relatively relaxed Westerners trailing behind. Though there is some debate surrounding the statistics, it is widely believed that North America is failing to produce sufficient graduates in sciences and engineering.Still less controversy attends the observation that math scores throughout the West rank well below those of most Asian countries. As a result, there is a deepening consensus that, in order to maintain its competitive edge, Chinese students are taught that all questions have but one right answer and there is little room for debate.North American education needs to move away from an emphasis on fun, flexibility and individual learning styles.Instead, it has to shift towards a more strict, disciplined teaching environment that math and science, in particular, seem to demand.This shift can be discerned even in Canada, where there are no college entrance exams, and where, standardized testing, memorization and rote learning have long been frowned upon.Nevertheless, there is a mounting chorus complaining that the prominence given to creativity cheats students out of a proper education.People like science teacher Sumitra Rajagopalan are entreating Canadian educators to adopt a more Asian pedagogical philosophy based on “constant repetition, recitation, grilling and drilling”. In the United States, the rise of China and India is putting even more emphasis on the demand for education reform. Tougher standards,New policies — such as No Child Left Behind — have led to an increased stress on standardized testing. In the 2006 State of the Union address, President George W. Bush mentioned the threat of Asia’s giants specifically when introducing his “Competitive Initiative”, a program that promises substantial funds for the teaching of basic math and science. But in an ironic twist, there is an increasing desire to make education more England in China. Many now agree that the lack of creativity in China’s education system will soon prove a major stumbling block in the country’s continuing development. Government and business leaders worry about a derivative, manufacturing-based economy, which is unable to innovate core technology, lacks major research and development projects — and lags far behind in creative sectors like marketing and design. A lack of flexibility and inability of individuals to take the initiative affects the entire service sector, paralyzing employees at every level. Arriving late for the set breakfast at a five-star hotel in Chengdu, for example, I, along with a group of other foreigners, found that the coffee had run out. Our request for more threw the staff into crisis.It was not until a series of meetings had been held and permission sought from senior management that a fresh pot could be brewed.Passing even trivial problems up the management hierarchy in this way is simply impossible in a sophisticated post-industrial society. China has implemented a set of reforms known as “quality education”.This policy, which aims to teach creativity and emphasize character development, has resulted in certain concrete shifts including changes to textbooks, an increased emphasis on oral skills in language learning — and various attempts to get teachers to encourage student participation. Most Chinese, however, are skeptical that anything other than surface transformation is taking place. As they are quick to point out, the underlying issue — an education system rooted in standardized tests — has yet to be altered. Chinese students achieve near perfect scores on Western standardized exams. But when go abroad, they find themselves ill prepared for the education. Today, national tests determine which elementary, high school and university a student will attend. They are still the single most important factor in deciding one’s general career path. The weight given to testing is regularly criticized throughout Chinese society. Newspapers and magazines