海水的颜色（The color of the sea）

海水的颜色（The color of the sea） 海水的颜色(The color of the sea) Happy Spring Square 450D 550D About the color of the sea, 09-09-01, 17:12, was published in the children's science world: unclassified Water is colorless and transparent, and the sea water containing salt molecules should be colorless and transparent. But when people come to see the sea on the seashore, the sea is blue. The artists gave the sea a beautiful name: the blue sea. Why is the sea blue? The mystery was revealed by Raman, a famous physicist in India. In 1921, the acoustic and optical Raman Research Report by boat back to India by way of the Mediterranean in the Royal Society of science. One day, the ship was sailing in the Mediterranean Sea bibowanqing, blue sea fish leaping squamous spot. At this time, a conversation between a young mother and her young son on the deck of the ship caused great interest in raman. "Mama, what's the name of this sea?"" Mediterranean." "Why is it called the Mediterranean?"" "Because it is between Eurasia and the African continent."." "Then why is it blue?"" On this issue the son, the mother can answer fluently was asked to live. To answer the question, the young mother had to turn to the side of her to listen to the conversation between their mother and child. Studying optics, Raman told the little boy confidently: "the color of the water is blue because it reflects the color of the sky.". The sky is blue." Raman's explanation was recognized by the scientific community at that time. The explanation comes from British physicist Lord rayleigh. Reilly is a great scientist to discover an inert gas which is well known in the world, he used the rays of the sun are atmospheric molecular scattering theory explained why the sky is blue, and thus derived, the sea is blue because it reflects the color of the sky. Raman answered the children's questions and bid farewell to the two of them, heading for the other side of the deck. But he did not know what the reason was, and there was always some doubt about his answer. Instead, he began to ring back in his ear, a series of "why" for the young boy, and his heart rose a little ashamed. As a famous scientist, he suddenly found himself unwittingly losing the boy's curiosity in the "known" to pursue the unknown. Losing curiosity is no doubt a tragedy for a scientist. Since then, Raman in the face of success began to reflect on their own. Back in Calcutta, Raman began to realize that Lord Rayleigh's interpretation of the color of the sea was insufficient, and he immediately embarked on a new look at why the water was blue. He starts from the interaction between water molecules and the scattering light, according to the fluctuation theory, proposed by Einstein et al to experiment, found the sun through the water, ice and other materials will occur when the scattering phenomenon, and obtained some relevant data, proved that the scattering of light water molecules make the water look blue mechanism the sun, and the water molecules in the air and light scattering makes the sky appear blue mechanism completely consistent. On the basis of the research results, Raman has found a universal light scattering effect in solid, liquid and gas, respectively. The discovery is known by the scientific community as the Raman effect". The discovery of Raman effect provides a powerful evidence for the acceptance of light particle theory in the scientific community in the early twentieth Century. The ship is the Mediterranean young boy's question, the podium Raman collar on the 1930 Nobel prize in physics, the Raman become India, Asian history is also the first award of the scientists. Shortly afterwards, Landsberg and others in the former Soviet Union also found the effect in the crystal, so the effect is also called combined scattering". (2) People often like to describe the ocean in blue. In fact, the color of the sea, from dark blue to green, from yellowish to brown, and even white, black, not just blue. It turned out that the sea water, like ordinary water, is colorless and transparent, Ocean colors are determined by the optical properties of sea water, suspended matter in sea water, the depth of the sea water, the characteristics of clouds, and other factors. As we all know, the sun is composed of red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, purple seven colors, the seven colors of light wavelength varies from red to violet, the wavelength becomes shorter, the long wave penetration ability is the strongest, most easily absorbed water molecules, short wave penetrating ability weak prone, reflection and scattering. The absorption, reflection, and scattering of light by different wavelengths are also different. Light waves with long red light, orange light, and yellow light, are absorbed gradually as the ocean depth increases. In general, in the oceans over 100 meters deep, the three wavelengths are absorbed by the sea and can also increase the temperature of the sea. When the shorter wavelengths of blue and violet meet stronger water molecules, intense scattering and reflection occur, so that the ocean is seen to be either blue or dark blue. Because of the increase of suspended matter, large particles, weak absorption of green light and strong scattering, the coastal water is mostly light blue or green. The violet wave has the shortest wavelength and the strongest reflection. Why isn't the water purple? The scientific experiment proved that the original people's eyes is a certain prejudice, the human eye feeling of violet ability is very weak, so the water reflection purple is very sensitive, so blind, on the contrary, the human eye is more sensitive to blue and green light. The vast majority of the ocean is blue. If the suspended substance in the sea is abundant, or because of other causes, the color of the sea will no longer be blue. Such as China's the Yellow Sea, it is the ancient the Yellow River estuary, the Yellow River entrained a large number of sediment flowing into the sea, the blue water "yellow". Although the Yellow River is now pouring into Bohai, the Yellow Sea is connected to Bohai by the Bohai Strait on the north and with the rivers flowing into rivers such as Huaihe and irrigation, the sea is still pale yellow. India in the Pacific Northwest, Asia, Africa and the two continents between the Red Sea is the world's highest temperature of the sea, the Sea grows a reddish brown seaweed, seaweed is due to the extensive breeding, the sea into a red sea, hence the name. The Gulf of California in northeastern Pacific Ocean. Red blood algae are found in the south. In the north, there is a large amount of red earth from the Colorado River during the rainy season. The water is reddish brown. It is known as Zhu hai. The white sea is the marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is deep inland in northwestern Russia, and the Arctic Circle passes through the white sea. White sea because of its high latitude, cold climate, ice and snow throughout the year, coupled with the white sea, less organic content, the sea showed a white, hence the name "white sea."". The black sea surface don, Dnieper, goose River and other fresh water injection, low density; the Black Sea is deep high salt water from the Mediterranean, high density. The formation of a density jump layer between the upper and lower sea water seriously hinders the water exchange between the upper and lower aquifers. Strait of Bosporus and the Black Sea and the Mediterranean sea water exchange in the dardanelles. Because of the shallow and narrow, greatly limits the Black Sea and the Mediterranean sea water exchange, so the black sea deep lack of oxygen in upper water biological secretion of dirt and after the death of the body sank to the depths of rot, a large number of the Black Sea filthy mire. In the Black Sea region often rain storms such as night, act violently, even an increase of black felt. Red tide can also make the color of sea water abnormal. Red tide is a phenomenon caused by sudden and rapid reproduction and accumulation of plankton in some areas. The colors of red tides are varied, mainly depending on what species of marine plankton that cause red tides. The red tide caused by Noctiluca pink or red brick, red tide caused by certain dinoflagellates are green or brown, while some diatom blooms yellowish brown or reddish brown. In addition, because the sun sometimes hidden in the clouds, sometimes through clouds emit light, the color of the sea will change. The color of the ocean also depends on the height of the sun from the horizon. (3) The two phrase is "sky", "green mountains and rivers, but why seawater is usually blue, and the lake is green (the same depth)? Is this the reason for the following? Because the reflection of light is the reflection. The sea, because the earth is round, and the sea to see the side can be reflected the color of the sky (in the morning and evening, generally blue); the lake, and the sea, is also reflected in the lake shore mountains (for green). The effects of matter in water may have different components in the water and the lake, which differ in their scattering of light. What if the sea water is pumped into a lake? Plants in the water are less liquid, and algae like plants are more likely to grow, so they appear green. If there are a lot of green plants in the sea, the water will be green Why are the colors of the sea different? The water is transparent, when the sun light into the water, is decomposed into red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue and purple colors of light, water can absorb longer wavelengths of red, orange, Huang Guangxian, and less absorption of the shorter wavelength blue, purple, blue, violet can be transmitted to the so deep the sea, easily by water molecules scatter out, so people see the sea is deep blue. The South China Sea is very deep, showing blue; the East China Sea is shallow, shallow sea abounds with many green algae, the East China Sea looks into green; the Yellow Sea are relatively shallow, coupled with a large number of sediment of the Yellow River, Haihe River flow into the Yellow Sea every year, the Yellow Sea has become muddy yellow. Is located in the northwest of India ocean red sea, high humidity, suitable for algae breeding, a large number of algae become red brown after death, floating on the sea, so the human eye to see the red sea. The composition of sea water is different Standing on the beach, saw the sea is blue. However, when you scoop up a basin of water, you can see that the water is colorless and transparent. Where does the blue of the sea come from? Choosing absorption is the main reason for the color of an object. In a certain wavelength range, if the substance on its light through various wavelengths are equal (energy) absorption, and the absorption amount is very small, it is called the substance of general absorption; if a material to absorb the light wavelength significantly, said the substance has a selective absorption. When sunlight hits the surface of the sea, part of the light is reflected back, and another part of the light refracts into the water. The light entering the water is absorbed by the water during its propagation. The absorption of water by light is related to the wavelength of light, i.e., water has selective absorption. Water absorbs light with longer wavelength and less absorption of shorter wavelength. Red, orange, and yellow light are absorbed at different depths and raise the temperature of the sea. To a certain depth, green light is absorbed. Blue and violet, with shorter wavelengths, encounter water molecules or other particles that disperse or reflect back or forth. So when the sea is clear and clear, the blue and violet light absorbed by the water in the eye is reflected and scattered in our eyes, and the sea we see is blue People will naturally raise the question that the violet wavelength is the shortest, scattering and reflection should be strongest. Why doesn't the ocean carry purple? Experiments show that the human eye is very insensitive to violet light, so it turns a blind eye to the violet light reflected by the sea. Therefore, the water does not appear purple, entirely because the human eye does not truly reflect the situation. Teaching reference material, junior physics, Volume 1 Http://www.pep.com.cn/200406/ca444660.htm The water molecules for various visible light wavelength in different light (red, orange, yellow, the green, green, blue and purple) scattering (beam forward in the medium, part of the light away from the original direction spread phenomenon) the strength of different, for short wavelength (such as green, green, blue the effect of scattering etc.) than the wavelength of light (such as red, orange) the strong scattering effect. The strength of the scattering is also related to the length of the optical path. When the water level is shallow, In visible light, the light of various wavelengths can almost penetrate, and the scattering is not obvious. Therefore, water is colorless and transparent. When the water is deep, the scattering effect significantly, showing the blue green water. The more air dissolved in water, the more green it is. Deeper blue or even black when water is deeper. This is the reason why blue appears when the sea is deep. Http://resource.csxedu.cn/statics/jtzy2003x/tt2004x/czpd/jxzy/04-05shang/hx/3/04/kb/1/kzzl4.htm There is a beautiful legend: Once upon a time, there was a man who loved the sea. He ran to the beach to see the sea every day, but the sea was very cold to him. The man said to the sea, I do this to you, every day to see you, but for me you always light, can't you show me your passion? Let your love to some of the more violent. The sea heard his words and asked him, can you accept my love for him to brew storms on rivers and seas? Answer: can say, let your love come more fiercely! The sea was touched by his words. Suddenly the waves roll, high winds and waves and waves to the shore, he had never seen the sea, when the waves come to his side, he then turned and ran. The sea is very sad. After this time, the sea can not easily give love to others. After a long time, there was a man who loved the sea. Not only did he come to see the sea every day, but he moved his family to the seaside. He wanted to be a partner in the sea, and he was a guardian of the sea for the rest of his life. Finally, the sea was moved by his actions, and gave him warm love and fierce love. He did not run, so they combined. But after a long time, he was a little tired, and always felt that the sea gave him no calm, that is, the waves rolling. Felt that the sea could no longer give him any other love, so that he slipped away from the sea. The sea is very sad, these are blue sky in the eyes. He said to the sea, "please don't be sad, but they don't understand you.". What they see is only your surface, in fact, the world under the sea is more colorful. There are five colored fishes, rich mineral resources, leisure and beautiful coral. These are what you prepare for them, but they do not understand. The blue sky said, "only I know that.". Then the blue sky fell in love with the sea. Love the sea and blue sky, but because they are far away from each other, with worldly prejudice, they always can't hand apart, miss each other, with the passage of time, miss more strong. On this day in and day out day after day, year after year, when Miss unbearable, blue sky is blue tears, tears dripped onto the sea heart, do not know how many tears left, the water was dyed blue, the blue sky is the tears ah, so the sky color. Http://bbs.wzlm.cn/printpage.asp? BoardID=3&ID=7900? The color of the sea water that the human eye sees is the color of the water reflecting the sun. When the white light is launched into the sea, the sea water appears blue because of the selective absorption and scattering of the white water by the sea water. When light passes through a medium, the energy of the light is absorbed by the medium and is converted into the internal energy of the medium, so that the intensity of the light is attenuated by the thickness of the light passing through it, and is called absorption of light. If a medium in a certain wavelength range, the extent of absorption of light is very small, and with little change in the absorption wavelength, called general absorption; if a medium of certain wavelengths of light absorption is particularly strong, and with the change of wavelength is also great, the absorption is called selective absorption. The sun light into the sea, because the sea water on the red and yellow light absorption, while the blue and purple light strong scattering, reflection, and the sea looks blue. Most objects display color, which is the result of selective absorption of visible light on their surface or in vivo. Http://www.hongzhinet.com/homeworkhelp/question_content1819.asp !!! This is very detailed, but it cannot be copied: Http://www.coi.gov.cn/question/q60.htm The color of sea water is mainly due to the optical properties of sea water, The absorption, reflection, and scattering of the sun's rays by the sea. We know that the light from the sun is red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, purple seven colors are compounded, seven wavelength varies from red to purple, from long to short wavelength, the wavelength of red light, orange light, yellow light penetration ability, the most easily absorbed by water molecules. The blue light and violet light of short wavelength have weak penetrating power and are most easily scattered and reflected when they are exposed to pure sea water. Also because people's eyes are very insensitive to violet light, they often turn a blind eye to them and are sensitive to blue light. So the ocean we see appears blue or dark blue. If a bucket of sea water is placed in a bowl, the sea water is as colorless and transparent as ordinary water. In fact, the sea looks not all blue, but red, yellow, white, black, etc., colorful. Because the color of sea water is affected by the above factors, it is also affected by the suspended substance in the sea water, the depth of the sea water, cloud and other factors. Such as China's the Yellow Sea, looks like a yellow green, this is because the ancient the Yellow River entrained by a large number of sediment will be "yellow" of the sea. Although the Yellow River diverted to Bohai, but there is a broad Bohai Strait in northern the Yellow Sea, which is connected with it. Besides, it is also injected with water from Huaihe, so the sea surface is still light yellow. The Red Sea between the two continents of Asia and Africa. Because of its high water temperature, algae grow in the sea, which is reddish brown after death, and the sea water is dyed red. The Red Sea is named after it. But because of the Black Sea, into the The Danube, don, Dnieper River etc., the surface density is small, deep by the Mediterranean high salinity, high density. In this way, the upper layer density is small, the lower layer density is large, and the difference is great, and the upper and lower water bodies are difficult to exchange. There is also a narrow, shallow Turkey strait between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, which makes it difficult for them to exchange large amounts of seawater. In this way, the lower black sea water for a long time in a hypoxic environment in upper water biological secretion of filth and all kinds of animals and plants death falls to the depths of rot, a lot of the black sea was filthy mire. The Arctic Ocean flows into the White Sea in northern Russia. It is because of its high latitude, cold throughout the year, vast expanse of ice and snow, and little organic matter. The sea shows a white color, hence the name "white sea".