毛细管电泳原理

毛细管电泳原理 作者:admin 发 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 时间:2008-8-28 14:55:41 阅读:次 毛细管电泳原理 毛细管电泳基本原理 分离的原因:电泳迁移，电渗迁移 电泳迁移:在高压电场下，带电离子向相反的方向移动。 电渗迁移:当毛细管内充满缓冲溶液时，毛细管壁上的硅羟基发生解离，生成氢离子溶解在溶液中，这样就使毛细管壁带上负电荷与溶液形成双电层，在毛细管的两端加上直流电场后，带正电的溶液就会整体的向负极端移动，这就形成了电渗流。 cE在操作缓冲溶液中，带电粒子的运动速度等于电泳速度和电渗速度的矢量和，电渗速度一般大于电泳速度，因此即使是阴离子也会从阳极端流向阴极端。 加大缓冲溶液的酸度、在缓冲溶液中加入有机试剂都会减少硅羟基的解离，减小电渗流 分离模式 毛细管电泳的分离模式有以下几种。 (1)毛细管区带电泳 将待分析溶液引入毛细管进样一端，施加直流电压后，各组分按各自的电泳流和电渗流的矢量和流向毛细管出口端，按阳离子、中性粒子和阴离子及其电荷大小的顺 序通过检测器。中性组分彼此不能分离。出峰时间称为迁移时间，相当于高效液相色谱和气相色谱中的保留时间。 (2)毛细管凝胶电泳 在毛细管中装入单体和引发剂引发聚合反应生成凝胶，这种方法主要用于分析蛋白质、DNA等生物大分子。另外还可以利用聚合物溶液，如葡聚糖等的筛分作用进 行分析，称为毛细管无胶筛分。有时将它们统称为毛细管筛分电泳，下分为凝胶电泳和无胶筛分两类。 (3)毛细管等速电泳 采用前导电解质和尾随电解质，在毛细管中充入前导电解质后，进样，电极槽中换用尾随电解质进行电泳分析，带不同电荷的组分迁移至各个狭窄的区带，然后依次通过检测器。 (4)毛细管等电聚焦电泳 将毛细管内壁涂覆聚合物减小电渗流，再将样品和两性电解质混合进样，两个电极槽中分别加入酸液和碱液，施加电压后毛细管中的操作电解质溶液逐渐形成pH梯 度，各溶质在毛细管中迁移至各自等电点时变为中性形成聚焦的区带，而后用压力或改变检测器末端电极槽储液的pH值的办法使溶质通过检测器。 (5)胶束电动毛细管色谱 当操作缓冲液中加入大于其临界胶束浓度的离子型表面活性剂时表面活性剂就聚集形成胶束，其亲水端朝外憎水非极性核朝内，溶质则在水和胶束两相间分配，各溶 质因分配系数存在差别而被分离。对于常用的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠，进样后极强亲水性组分不能进入胶束，随操作缓冲液流过检测器(容量因子k′= 0);极强憎水性组分则进入胶束的核中不再回到水相，最后到达检测器(k′,?)。其他常用的胶束试剂还有阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，胆酸 等。 (6)毛细管电色谱 将细粒径固定相填充到毛细管中或在毛细管内壁涂覆固定相以电渗流驱动操作缓冲液(有时再加辅助压力)进行分离。 以上分离模式(1)和(5)使用较多。(5)和(6)两种模式的分离机理以色谱为主，但对荷电溶质则兼有电泳作用。 操作缓冲液中加入各种添加剂可获得多种分离效果。如加入环糊精、衍生化环糊精、冠醚、血清蛋白、多糖、胆酸盐或某些抗生素等，可拆分手性化合物;加入有机溶剂可改善某些组分的分离效果，以至可在非水溶液中进行分析。 problems, in order to immediately dry and dry dry determination, leave no stone unturned, down-to-earth to do a good job security and peace, stability, and strive to realize the mass a sense of security and satisfaction. Staring at the "iron Lattice lattice every Duan lattice. The public security organs Service Development and protect the livelihood of the people, the most direct service is to create a good public security environment, let people have a sense of security, let investors to worry. If a burglary can prevent cases of multiple masses safety feeling low, the masses "iron", means that our work dereliction of duty. Therefore, to enhance the people a sense of security and satisfaction, so that "iron" more and less, is our biggest goal. As long as we earnestly to press incidence, enhance people's sense of security and satisfaction as the starting point and the foothold, will be able to work in the Party committee and government approval to obtain the support of the masses, the vast majority of the civilian police support, will not Continue to make new achievements. Second, we must find a good breakthrough point. In recent years, through to the primary research and development of visit, a sense of security satisfaction survey and public reception of visitors, accept masses to complain etc. channel, the police and the masses reflects the tension of police, theft cases, after the report did not deal with the results, the police slowly, service attitude stiff problems. Analysis the above problems, the breakthrough point is to solve tension of police and individual police service attitude problem. To solve the problems of shortage of police 毛细管电泳原理及在药学领域的应用 中国色谱网(2007-12-21 14:16:29) 文章作者:未知 高效毛细管电泳(HPLC)亦即毛细管电泳(,,)，是一种发展迅猛的新型的分离分析技术，与常用的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)相比，具有分析时间短，分离效率高，适应性广，检测限低，进样量小，溶剂消耗少，自动化程度高等优点，近十多年来已广泛应用于蛋白质、氨基酸、无机离子、有机化合物、药物的分离分析，在生物医药学领域倍受青睐。本文简要介绍HPLC的基本原理、特点及在化学药品分析、中药分析、生物制品分析研究方面的应用，并展望其在药学领域中的应用前景。 1、HPCE的基本原理 高效毛细管电泳(high performance capillary electrophoresis，HPCE)是近年来发展起来的一种分离、分析技术，它是凝胶电泳技术的发展，是高效液相色谱分析的补充。该技术可分析的成分小至有机离子、大至生物大分子如蛋白质、核酸等。可用于分析多种体液 样本 保单样本pdf木马病毒样本下载上虞风机样本下载直线导轨样本下载电脑病毒样本下载 如血清或血浆、尿、脑脊液及唾液等，HPLC分析高效、快速、微量,,,。 1-1 电泳迁移 不同分子所带电荷性质、多少不同，形状、大小各异。一定电解质及PH的缓冲液或其它溶液内，受电场作用，样本中各组分按一定速度迁移，从而形成电泳。 电泳迁移速度(v)可用下式表示: v=uE 其中E为电场强度(E,V/L，V为电压，L为毛细管总长度)。u为电泳淌度。 1-2电渗迁移 电渗迁移指在电场作用下溶液相对于带电管壁移动的现象。特殊结构的熔合硅毛细管管壁通常在水溶液中带负电荷，在电压作用下溶液整体向负极移动，形成电渗流。带电微problems, in order to immediately dry and dry dry determination, leave no stone unturned, down-to-earth to do a good job security and peace, stability, and strive to realize the mass a sense of security and satisfaction. Staring at the "iron Lattice lattice every Duan lattice. The public security organs Service Development and protect the livelihood of the people, the most direct service is to create a good public security environment, let people have a sense of security, let investors to worry. If a burglary can prevent cases of multiple masses safety feeling low, the masses "iron", means that our work dereliction of duty. Therefore, to enhance the people a sense of security and satisfaction, so that "iron" more and less, is our biggest goal. As long as we earnestly to press incidence, enhance people's sense of security and satisfaction as the starting point and the foothold, will be able to work in the Party committee and government approval to obtain the support of the masses, the vast majority of the civilian police support, will not Continue to make new achievements. Second, we must find a good breakthrough point. In recent years, through to the primary research and development of visit, a sense of security satisfaction survey and public reception of visitors, accept masses to complain etc. channel, the police and the masses reflects the tension of police, theft cases, after the report did not deal with the results, the police slowly, service attitude stiff problems. Analysis the above problems, the breakthrough point is to solve tension of police and individual police service attitude problem. To solve the problems of shortage of police 粒在毛细管内实际移动的速度为电泳流和电渗流的矢量和。1-3 分离分析类型 根据其分离样本的原理设计不同主要分为以下几种类型:?毛细管区带电泳(capillary zone electrophoresis，CZE);?毛细管等速电泳(capillary chromatography，CITP);?毛细管胶速电动色谱(miceller electrokinetic capillary chromatography，MECC);?毛细管凝胶电泳(capillary gelelectrophoresis，CGE);?毛细管等电聚焦(capillary isoelectric focusing ，CIEF)。 毛细管区带电泳(CZE)为HPCE的基本操作模式，一般采用磷酸盐或硼酸盐缓冲液，实验条件包括缓冲液浓度、,,值、电压、温度、改性剂(乙腈、甲醇等)，用于对带电物质(药物、蛋白质、肽类等)分离分析，对于中性物质无法实现分离。毛细管胶束电动色谱(MECC)为一种基于胶束增溶和电动迁移的新型液体色谱，在缓冲液中加入离子型表面活性剂作为胶束剂，利用溶质分子在水相和胶束相分配的差异进行分离，拓宽了CZE的应用范围，适合于中性物质的分离，亦可区别手性化合物，可用于氨基酸、肽类、小分子物质、手性物质、药物样品及体液样品的分析。毛细管等速电泳(CITP)采用先导电解质和后继电解质，构成不连续缓冲体系，基于溶质的电泳淌度差异进行分离，常用于离子型物质(如有机酸)，并因适用较大内径的毛细管而可用于微制备，但本法空间分辨率较差。毛细管等电聚焦电泳(CIEF)用于具兼性离子的样品(蛋白质、肽类)，等电点仅差0.001可分离的物质。毛细管凝胶电泳(CGE)依据大分子物质的分子量大小进行分离，主要用于蛋白质、核苷酸片段的分离。此外，还有毛细管电色谱(CEC)及非水毛细管电泳(CNACE)，用于水溶性差的物质和水中难进行反应的分析研究。目前CZE和MECC用得较多，本文以这两种方法为例来 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 HPLC的原理。 1-3-1 CZE的基本原理 HPLC选用的毛细管一般内径约为,,μ,(,,,,,,μ,)，外径为,,,μ,，有效长度为,,;,(,,,,,;,)。毛细管两端分别浸入两分开的缓冲液中，同时两缓冲液中分别插入连有高压电源的电极，该电压使得分析样品沿毛细管迁移，当分离样problems, in order to immediately dry and dry dry determination, leave no stone unturned, down-to-earth to do a good job security and peace, stability, and strive to realize the mass a sense of security and satisfaction. Staring at the "iron Lattice lattice every Duan lattice. The public security organs Service Development and protect the livelihood of the people, the most direct service is to create a good public security environment, let people have a sense of security, let investors to worry. If a burglary can prevent cases of multiple masses safety feeling low, the masses "iron", means that our work dereliction of duty. Therefore, to enhance the people a sense of security and satisfaction, so that "iron" more and less, is our biggest goal. As long as we earnestly to press incidence, enhance people's sense of security and satisfaction as the starting point and the foothold, will be able to work in the Party committee and government approval to obtain the support of the masses, the vast majority of the civilian police support, will not Continue to make new achievements. Second, we must find a good breakthrough point. In recent years, through to the primary research and development of visit, a sense of security satisfaction survey and public reception of visitors, accept masses to complain etc. channel, the police and the masses reflects the tension of police, theft cases, after the report did not deal with the results, the police slowly, service attitude stiff problems. Analysis the above problems, the breakthrough point is to solve tension of police and individual police service attitude problem. To solve the problems of shortage of police 品通过检测器时，可对样品进行分析处理。HPLC进样一般采用电动力学进样(低电压)或流体力学进样(压力或抽吸)两种方式。在毛细管电泳系统中，带电溶质在电场作用下发生定向迁移，其表观迁移速度是溶质迁移速度与溶液电渗流速度的矢量和。所谓电渗是指在高电压作用下，双电层中的水合阴离子引起流体整体地朝负极方向移动的现象;电泳是指在电解质溶液中，带电粒子在电场作用下，以不同的速度向其所带电荷相反方向迁移的现象。溶质的迁移速度由其所带电荷数和分子量大小决定，另外还受缓冲液的组成、性质、,,值等多种因素影响。带正电荷的组份沿毛细管壁形成有机双层向负极移动，带负电荷的组分被分配至毛细管近中区域，在电场作用下向正极移动。与此同时，缓冲液的电渗流向负极移动，其作用超过电泳，最终导致带正电荷、中性电荷、负电荷的组份依次通过检测器。 1-3-2 MECC的基本原理 MECC是在CZE基础上使用表面活性剂来充当胶束相，以胶束增溶作为分配原理，溶质在水相、胶束相中的分配系数不同，在电场作用下，毛细管中溶液的电渗流和胶束的电泳，使胶束和水相有不同的迁移速度，同时待分离物质在水相和胶束相中被多次分配，在电渗流和这种分配过程的双重作用下得以分离。MECC是电泳技术与色谱法的结合，适合同时分离分析中性和带电的样品分子,,,。 2、HPLC在各类药物中的应用 药品是与人们生命息息相关的特殊商品，检验其真伪或质量的优劣，需要先进、快速、准确的定性和定量手段。因此，HPCE分析技术很快即被药物分析工作者在药品检验领域迅速推广应用,3、4,。国内自1989年起曾有学者报道，但研究和应用实例不多。近,,,年发展迅速，并取得了显著成绩。 2-1化学药品分析 化学药品结构简单、清楚，常规分析方法能基本解决定性、定量和纯度控制等问题。但有些结构特异(如手性对映体结构)或性质特殊的品种，现代分析手段从灵敏度、分辨problems, in order to immediately dry and dry dry determination, leave no stone unturned, down-to-earth to do a good job security and peace, stability, and strive to realize the mass a sense of security and satisfaction. Staring at the "iron Lattice lattice every Duan lattice. The public security organs Service Development and protect the livelihood of the people, the most direct service is to create a good public security environment, let people have a sense of security, let investors to worry. If a burglary can prevent cases of multiple masses safety feeling low, the masses "iron", means that our work dereliction of duty. Therefore, to enhance the people a sense of security and satisfaction, so that "iron" more and less, is our biggest goal. As long as we earnestly to press incidence, enhance people's sense of security and satisfaction as the starting point and the foothold, will be able to work in the Party committee and government approval to obtain the support of the masses, the vast majority of the civilian police support, will not Continue to make new achievements. Second, we must find a good breakthrough point. In recent years, through to the primary research and development of visit, a sense of security satisfaction survey and public reception of visitors, accept masses to complain etc. channel, the police and the masses reflects the tension of police, theft cases, after the report did not deal with the results, the police slowly, service attitude stiff problems. Analysis the above problems, the breakthrough point is to solve tension of police and individual police service attitude problem. To solve the problems of shortage of police 率和分析速度等方面，仍有一些难点。HPCE技术的特点、优势，恰恰弥补和解决了某些分析手段的不足。应用实例有单体，也有复方制剂:
牛长群等,5,用HPCE法，50mmol.l-1缓冲液(ph 8.3)，分离测定了氨苄青霉素的聚合物。大部分样品以开环和闭环的二聚物为主要聚合体，可对多个组分进行定量，以控制此类致敏成分对氨苄青霉素的质量影响。李关宾等,6,用自制的,,,电化学检测系统，对VC、VB1和VB6的CZE和MECC的分离与检测表明，在0.01mol.l-1NH3-NH4,,介质中，检测电势,,,,,,,,,，,种维生素均得到较好的分离和CZE图谱。李小戈等采用MECC，Na2B4O2-SD缓冲体系，,,,,内对,种水溶性维生素,,、,,,、,,,、,,,和,,,,进行了有效分离，分辨率高，重现性好，令人满意。廉经武等,7,以β 环糊精的两种衍生物作,,的手性分离添加剂，对盐酸美西律的对映体进行分析。其中，,，,,,,二甲基β,环糊精可将对映体部分拆分，而用三甲基环糊精作手拆添加剂时，则可使对映体定量达到基线分离。俞琦等,8,用HPLC和二极管阵列检测器，环糊精为拆分剂，含,,,β,,,,,,,,,?,,,、,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,(,,,(,)的缓冲剂，对氧氟沙星对映体进行了优化分离。张文江等,9,采用HPLC模式，选用,×,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,(,,,(,),,(,×,,,,,,,?,,,β,环糊精，分离了海南新碱衍生物,,,,,异构体，并应用于肝微粒体中代谢的查体选择性研究。孙发山等,10,用,CZE模式，,,,,,,?,,,磷酸盐缓冲液(,,,。,,)，取血浆直接进样测定复方头孢氨苄胶囊中头孢氨苄的含量，只需样品,μ,，,,,,,内一次完成，方法非常适合血药浓度检测。刘新宇等,11,以茶碱为内标，用,,,,,,,硼酸缓冲系统(,,,(,)，建立了泰诺复方感冒片中扑热息痛、盐酸伪麻黄碱、氢溴酸美沙芬、马来酸扑热息痛和苯甲酸钠,种成分的含量测定方法，,,,,,完成定量。 2-2 中药分析 中药品种繁多、药材产地各异、成分复杂，无论是药材还是成药的分析，都是一项非problems, in order to immediately dry and dry dry determination, leave no stone unturned, down-to-earth to do a good job security and peace, stability, and strive to realize the mass a sense of security and satisfaction. Staring at the "iron Lattice lattice every Duan lattice. The public security organs Service Development and protect the livelihood of the people, the most direct service is to create a good public security environment, let people have a sense of security, let investors to worry. If a burglary can prevent cases of multiple masses safety feeling low, the masses "iron", means that our work dereliction of duty. Therefore, to enhance the people a sense of security and satisfaction, so that "iron" more and less, is our biggest goal. As long as we earnestly to press incidence, enhance people's sense of security and satisfaction as the starting point and the foothold, will be able to work in the Party committee and government approval to obtain the support of the masses, the vast majority of the civilian police support, will not Continue to make new achievements. Second, we must find a good breakthrough point. In recent years, through to the primary research and development of visit, a sense of security satisfaction survey and public reception of visitors, accept masses to complain etc. channel, the police and the masses reflects the tension of police, theft cases, after the report did not deal with the results, the police slowly, service attitude stiff problems. Analysis the above problems, the breakthrough point is to solve tension of police and individual police service attitude problem. To solve the problems of shortage of police 常艰难的任务。中药分析工作用现代化仪器设备和科技手段(如薄层色谱、HPLC等)虽取得巨大进展和成就，但往往只是对药材和成药成百上千个成分中的一个或几个成分的分析，实际只是一种象征性的代表式分析，与之起化学和药理效应的实际组合成分(起码是有效成分)相比，仍有相当大的距离。随着,,技术对中药材及其有效成分的鉴别与分析的快速发展，建立在此基础上的中成药成分的定性、定量分析已有进展，且有希望解决长期困扰中药质量控制中的重大难题。近年，报道HPCE分析中药材已有,,种、成药,,种和有效成分,,,个以上。 ,,,,,等采用CEC模式，,,,,(,,,,?,,,的乙酸钠缓冲液加,,,甲醇作流动相，,,,,,内分离黄连中的小檗碱、表小檗碱、巴马汀、非洲防己胺、药根碱、加伦巴胺、木兰花碱、黄连次碱。用,,,,(,,,,?,,,乙酸钠加,,,乙腈作流动相，,,,,可内分离黄连中的黄连次碱、小檗碱和巴马亭。张国华等,12,则用,,,,,,,,,,缓冲液加,,,甲醇作流动相，分离了黄连中小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱等,种生物碱。,,,,,等还用磷酸缓冲液,,,,,、,,(,,),和,,,,,,异亮胺酸作缓冲液，,,,,条件下,,,,,分离了麻黄中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱、去甲基麻黄碱和去甲伪麻黄碱。改用,,,,,,?,,,颉胺酸作缓冲液时，仅用,,,,即分离了麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱。,,,,和,,,,,,以胆酸钠作胶束，用MECC模式成功地分离测定了黄芩和黄连混合物中的黄连次碱、小壁碱、表小壁碱和巴马亭,种生物碱及黄芩素等,种黄酮。又在,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,系统中，加入,,(,,,,,?,,,硼砂，,,,,,内分离了黄芩中汉黄芩素、汉黄芩素,,,,,葡萄糖甙、贝加因、贝加灵、木蝴蝶素,和木蝴蝶素,,,,,葡萄糖甙酸。宋玉英等,13,在,,,,,,?,,,,,,中，加入,,,,,,?,,,,,环己氨基,,,丙基磺酸,乙腈作改性剂，分离测定了大黄、芦荟中的大黄素、大黄酸等。国外有人用等束单电泳分离了大黄和番茄叶中的蒽醌类番茄甙,和,的含量。,,,,等,14,用MECC模式，,,,,,,,,,?,,,磷problems, in order to immediately dry and dry dry determination, leave no stone unturned, down-to-earth to do a good job security and peace, stability, and strive to realize the mass a sense of security and satisfaction. Staring at the "iron Lattice lattice every Duan lattice. The public security organs Service Development and protect the livelihood of the people, the most direct service is to create a good public security environment, let people have a sense of security, let investors to worry. If a burglary can prevent cases of multiple masses safety feeling low, the masses "iron", means that our work dereliction of duty. Therefore, to enhance the people a sense of security and satisfaction, so that "iron" more and less, is our biggest goal. As long as we earnestly to press incidence, enhance people's sense of security and satisfaction as the starting point and the foothold, will be able to work in the Party committee and government approval to obtain the support of the masses, the vast majority of the civilian police support, will not Continue to make new achievements. Second, we must find a good breakthrough point. In recent years, through to the primary research and development of visit, a sense of security satisfaction survey and public reception of visitors, accept masses to complain etc. channel, the police and the masses reflects the tension of police, theft cases, after the report did not deal with the results, the police slowly, service attitude stiff problems. Analysis the above problems, the breakthrough point is to solve tension of police and individual police service attitude problem. To solve the problems of shortage of police 酸二氢钠加,,,乙腈，,,,(,，,,,,,分离了甘草中甘草酸和甘草次酸。，,,,,,,则在,(,,,,?,,,,,,,硼砂、磷酸缓冲系统中加入胆酸钠，,,,,,可分离混合提取物中的甘草酸和芍药甙。 2-3生物制品分析 生物制品是医药药品的重要组成部分，随着,,,技术和克隆技术的应用，它的研制和生产成了医药行业的热点。但其分子量大、结构复杂，较难鉴别和定量一直是阻碍其快速发展的因素之一。HPCE技术的应用正在逐步解决着这一难题。生物制品绝大多数由氨基酸、肽、蛋白质组成，HPCE技术主要是用CZE测定肽谱、,,,,CGE测定蛋白分子量和,,,,,直接测定分子量。步骤是将蛋白酶解或化学裂解成肽片断，利用CEC分离后所得的电泳图(称HPCE肽图)，根据蛋白一级结构和所用裂解试剂，给出不同特征的肽图作指纹图谱，并用作鉴别 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 。还可通过各片段峰的收集和测序，用肽图测定蛋白质的一级结构，鉴别种属遗传差异。 3、HPCE的特点 与传统的电泳相比，毛细管电泳主要特点有四个:一是高效，二是快速，三是微量，四是可以自动化。在毛细管区带电泳中，柱效一般为每米几十万理论板数，高的可达每米100万以上，而在凝胶电泳中这一指标竟能达到几百万甚至上千万，通常的分析时间不超过30min，在采用电流检测器，毛细管电泳的最低检测极限可达10-19，即使是一般的紫外检测器，大体也在10-13-10-15mol之间，因此样品用量仅为纳升而已，商品仪器的操作已可全部自动化。 毛细管电泳和高效液相色谱(HPCE)一样，同是液相分离技术，因此在很大程度上HPCE与HPLC可以互为补充，但是无论从效率、速度、样品用量和成本来说，毛细管电泳都显示了一定的优势。 problems, in order to immediately dry and dry dry determination, leave no stone unturned, down-to-earth to do a good job security and peace, stability, and strive to realize the mass a sense of security and satisfaction. Staring at the "iron Lattice lattice every Duan lattice. The public security organs Service Development and protect the livelihood of the people, the most direct service is to create a good public security environment, let people have a sense of security, let investors to worry. If a burglary can prevent cases of multiple masses safety feeling low, the masses "iron", means that our work dereliction of duty. Therefore, to enhance the people a sense of security and satisfaction, so that "iron" more and less, is our biggest goal. As long as we earnestly to press incidence, enhance people's sense of security and satisfaction as the starting point and the foothold, will be able to work in the Party committee and government approval to obtain the support of the masses, the vast majority of the civilian police support, will not Continue to make new achievements. Second, we must find a good breakthrough point. In recent years, through to the primary research and development of visit, a sense of security satisfaction survey and public reception of visitors, accept masses to complain etc. channel, the police and the masses reflects the tension of police, theft cases, after the report did not deal with the results, the police slowly, service attitude stiff problems. Analysis the above problems, the breakthrough point is to solve tension of police and individual police service attitude problem. To solve the problems of shortage of police