高中英语必修四第四单元课文翻译

高中英语 高中英语pdf课本高中英语知识点整理高中英语选修六单词表高中英语组教学计划高中英语必修4课件 必修四第四单元课文翻译 篇一:人教版必修4第4单元课文翻译 交际:没有问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 了吗, 昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会去首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。他们来北京大学学习。我们会首先把他们带到宿舍，然后去学生食堂。在等了半个小时之后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。站着观察了他们一分钟后，我便走过去打招呼。 第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼?加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅?史密斯。在与他们碰面并介绍他们彼此认识之后，我(对看到的情景)感到很吃惊，托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了她的脸～她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。我猜想这里可能有个大的误会。随后，来自日本的永田明微笑着走了进来，同时进来的还有加拿大的乔治?库克。当我为他们作介绍时，乔治把手伸向了这位日本学生。然而此时永田明正在鞠躬，他的鼻子碰到了乔治伸过来的手。两个人都互相道了歉——这又是 1 一个文化差异。 另一位国际学生艾哈迈德?阿齐兹是约旦人。昨天我向他作自我介绍时，他靠我很近。我往后退了一点儿，他又上前问了我一个问题，然后同我握手。法国的达琳?库隆匆忙走进门的时候，她认出了托尼?加西亚微笑的面孔。两个人握了握手，并且在对方的面颊上吻了两下。通常，法国成年人见到熟人就是这么做的。而艾哈迈德?阿齐兹只是朝女孩们点了点头。来自中东或一些穆斯林国家的男士，在谈话时通常站得离其它男士很近，但一般不会与女士接触。 随着认识的国际朋友越来越多，我也了解到更多不同文化背景下的“身势语”。各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距的程度也不尽相同。用口头语言交流的同时，人们使用不出声的语言——身体间的距离、动作和姿态等，来表达情感。比如，英国人通常不会站在离别人太近的地方，也不会一见面就(用身体)接触陌生人。但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。现在世界上大多数人见面都会相互握手问候，但有些文化(背景下的人)会采取另外一些寒暄的方式。比如，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。 这些行为都无所谓好与坏，只不过是文化发展的不同方式而已。然而我发现身势语的文化习俗是多元的——同一个(民族)文化中也并非所有成员的行为都一样。但总的说来，在当 2 今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难。 篇二:外研版高中英语必修4课文翻译 Module 1未来的城市 未来的城市将会是什么样子呢,没有人确切地了解，预测也是一件很冒险的事。但有一件事是可以肯定的——它们将会先变大，然后再变小。在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。我们将会使用大量的可回收材料，例如，塑料、银、钢铁、玻璃、木头和纸。我们浪费自然资源的程度将会有所减弱。我们也将不得不更多地依赖其他能源。例如，太阳能和风能。所有的这些似乎是肯定的，但是还有许多关于城市生活的事情仍是未知的。 为了获知年轻人对未来城市生活的想法，美国得克萨斯州的一位大学老师让他的学生们思考如何管理一个在2025年拥有5万人口的城市，下面是他们的一些构想: 垃圾船:为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料，朝太阳发射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境问题。 勤务兵网:警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是用枪。 戒烟:在未来城市范围内将禁止吸烟。只有在郊区和户外才允许吸烟。 3 告别商厦:将来所有的购物将会在网上进行，商品目录将会有语音指令来排序。 电话人生:每个人一出生就会给予一个电话号码，将来无论他们居住在哪儿，这个电话号码都不会更改。 娱乐:所有的娱乐形式，例如，电影院、保龄球、垒球、音乐会和其他等等都将由该市政府免费提供。 汽车:所有的汽车都将由电能、太阳能或风能提供动力，并且只要轻轻按一下开关就能够改变汽车的颜色。 远程手术:随着每个城市拥有自己的远程手术门诊部，医生将能在数千里以外实施手术，远程手术将会变得十分普通。 居家度假:年长的市民和残疾人通过使用绑在头上的髙新技术相机可以周游世界。 太空遨游:普通市民遨游太空将会变得很平常，每个城市都将有自己的太空港。 Module 2 行在北京 出租车 北京大街上的出租车是24小时服务的。只要你招招手，立刻就会有出租车。它们通常都是红色车身，并且在车窗上显示每公里的路价。你要做的，就是确认司机有营运照，并且索要发票。 公交车和电车 公共交通为人们游览北京提供了低价位的出行方式。北京 4 大约有两万多辆公交车和电车，但是，它们有时会很拥挤。最明智的做法是避免在高峰期(上午6:30-8:00，下午5:00-6:30)乘坐公交车和电车。这些车车票价格便宜，一元起价。空调车则要贵一些。公交线1到100路都是仅限于市中心内的，车号更高一些的线路，可以通达郊区。对于游人来说，最不该错过的是103路电车，它途经紫禁城和北海白塔，沿途风景令人印象深刻。如果你乘坐双层公共汽车，请务必坐在上层，这样你会一览这个飞速发展城市的亮丽风景。 小公共汽车 在一些地区，这种12个座位的小型公共汽车给人们在昂贵的出租车和拥挤的公共汽车外，提供了第三种选择。它们跟大公共汽车走同样的路线，提供有规律的服务。在小公共汽车上，即使在高峰期也能找到空位。 地铁 北京有四条地铁线，还有几条线也正在建设之中。地铁方便快捷，但在高峰期，情况会很糟糕。地铁票价单程为三元，站名用拼音标注，运营时间为上午5点到晚上11点。 三轮脚踏车 游客们喜欢这些人力驱动的“三轮脚踏车”，但价格可能会较贵。因此坐之前要先弄清楚价格，明确价钱是否按人数计算、是单程还是往返双程的问题。如果想去老北京的胡同探秘，三轮脚踏车绝对是值得一坐的。 5 Module 3 身势语 说起“交流”，大多数人会想到单词或句子，虽然单词与句子十分重要，但我们并不只是用口语和书面语进行交流，身体的姿态是我们所称的“身势语”的一部分。我们经常看到无意识的身势语，但也有“习得”的身势语。习得的身势语在不同的文化中各不相同。 当我们被介绍给生人时，我们使用“习得的”身势语。跟动物一样，我们会保持警觉，直至知道安全的时候才放松。因此，在所有的文化中人们都有一种向陌生人打招呼的正规的方式，以表示他们并不具有侵犯倾向。欧美人的传统是握手，他们用右手握手——右手对多数人来说更有力一些。假如右手用于忙着与人打招呼就不可能握武器。因此，这种手势的意思是“我信任你，瞧，我没带威胁性的武器”，假如你和人握手，就是在表明你信任他们。我们在做交易时与人握手，意思就是“我们达成了协议，相互信任”。 亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的，但他们要用手。与人打招呼时，中国人的传统方式是右手放在左手上，拱手，稍稍躬身而行礼。穆斯林行额手鞠躬礼，用手触左胸、嘴和额。印度人双手交合，恭敬地鞠躬。在上述例子中，手都在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。 即使是现在，人们在非正式场合打招呼时，还会用手来表示信任对方。美国青年常常说着“击掌”来打招呼。说完后这 6 个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。另一个人同样举起手，拍打对方举过头顶的手。这是现代常见的打招呼方式。 身势语对于任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。人们通过姿势表达的意思要比通过话语表达得更多。看看你的朋友和家人，你能洞悉他们的心思吗, Module 4问问题的学生 在当前的世界，水稻是主要食粮。中国是世界上最大的水稻产地。亚洲其他国家和一些欧洲国家比如意大利等，都种植水稻。在水稻种植界，中国科学家袁隆平是一位重要人士。 袁隆平生长在中国。小时候，他在许多学校读过书，得了个“问问题的学生”的绰号。袁隆平从小就对植物感兴趣。他在大学里研究农学。作为一个年轻的教师，他开始了作物育种的实验。他想，养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。他认为，唯一的办法是使不同种类的水稻杂交，这样就能产生比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的新品种。 首先，袁隆平对不同种类的水稻进行实验。1966年，他的研究成果在中国发表。接着，他开始寻找一种特殊的稻种。这种稻种必须是雄性的，必须是不结果的(译者注:它属于生物学所称的“雄性不育系”)。最后，在1970年，一种天然的雄性不育稻种被发现，这是一个突破性的发现。全国各地的研究者们被召集在一起开发新的水稻种。研究得到了政府的赞助。 由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90 7 年代增长了47.5%。还有其他的益处，5万平方公里原来的稻田现在被用来种植蔬菜和其他经济作物。除此以外，袁隆平研制的水稻还出口到巴基斯坦和菲律宾等国家。 在巴基斯坦，水稻是继小麦之后的第二种最重要的作物并将在许多地方种植。中国袁隆平高科技农业公司已开发出一种新的杂交水稻。这种杂交水稻的产量远高于巴基斯坦其他种类的水稻。 Module 5 三峡之旅 1996年8月，一位年轻的美国英语教师彼得?赫斯勒，来到长江之滨的涪陵。他和另一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院任教两年。整个城里只有他们两名外国人。元月底，第一学 期结束了，他们有四周的春节假期，可以随处旅游。他们决定顺流而下。 我们打算买到“江油号”的船票。同事们说:“你们不要坐那种船。它们太拥挤，主要是用来运货的。乘客多是沿江做生意的人。那些船不停靠庙宇，也不会有别的外国游人乘坐。”我觉得听起来还不错。我们出示护照后便上了船。 在一个美丽的午后，我们离开码头。当我们顺流而下穿过山区的时候，阳光很灿烂。男人们乘坐着江边的竹筏，运煤的小船来来往往。太阳落山时，我们的船在丰都靠岸。我们目睹太阳在白塔后西沉，美丽极了。 8 穿过长江第一峡——瞿塘峡时，我们正在睡梦中。江水在两英里高的峰恋间奔流，峡谷狭窄处只有350英尺。我朋友说:“至少我们能看见另外两个峡谷。” 船到巫山时，我们绕道溯游大宁河，观赏了几处小峡谷。第二天，我们经过了长江的大峡谷。在一个美丽的上午轮船驶过巫峡。我们还经过了湘江，那是公元前三世纪一位诗人——屈原的家乡。长江有太多的历史。块块巨石形象各异，条条支流都流淌着传说，座座小山承载着过往。穿过长江第三峡——西陵峡后，轮船驶入大坝建设处的江面。所有的乘客都上了甲板，大家拍照片，对着工地指指点点，但不可以下船。五星红旗在风中飘扬着。远山上写着20英尺大的汉字“建造三峡大坝，开发长江资源”。 Module 6 天池里的怪物 在最近几次露面后，中国东北吉林省长白山的“天池怪物”又成了新闻。据当地的旅游办公室主任孟凡迎介绍，最近有人看见怪物就在离湖边十米的地方，怪物的颜色似乎是黑色的。他说:“大约有两百多人从长白山的西峰看见过怪物，它像海豹一样跃出水面。”尽管谁也没有看清楚这神秘怪物的真面目，但当地一位摄影师薛俊林声称:怪物的头看起来像马头。 最近另有一次，一群战士证实:他们看见湖的水面上有东西在游动。正在湖边行走的战士看见怪物游弋了大约两分钟。其中一名战士说;“怪物的颜色浅绿带黑，圆形 9 的头上有十厘米左右的角。” 又一次报导来自李小和，当时他和家人正在湖边游玩。他 说他看见圆形黑色的东西在湖面快速游过三四百米后潜入 水中。十分钟后，怪物再次出现，并重复了相同的动作。李 小和先生说他和家人看清楚了怪物，因为当时天气好，湖水 平静。 自上世纪初以来，一直就有关于天池怪物的报导，尽管还 不曾有人近距离目睹过。虽然拍有怪物的一些照片，但由于 距离太远，看起来模糊不清。许多人认为，天池里的怪物或 许是苏格兰尼斯湖中怪物的远亲。他们还认为，在世界其他 地方的湖泊中可能也有类似的怪物。然而，科学家们表示怀 疑。他们说，温度低的湖中不可能存活如此大的生物。 天池是世界上最高的火山湖，海拔2，189米，面积有10 平方公里，有的地方水深达370米。 篇三:高一英语必修4课文+翻译 Unit1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave 10 like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way 11 people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky? And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ... She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the 12 forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. 非洲野生动物研究者 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一切回 窝里睡觉了。我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。从孩提时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。但是，这不是一件简单的事。当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大森林还 13 是很稀罕的事情。她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 。她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。 40年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的:“我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。我会对自己说:‘难道它们不幸运吗,’然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记??” 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切:在动物的栖息地工作;获得博士学位;还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。 Unit2 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, 14 Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain. Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr 15 Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his 16 rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people. 造福全人类的先驱者 尽管是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平仍然认为自己是个农民，因为他在田里耕作，进行科学研究。的确，他被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。袁博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻的”的稻种。1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。如今中国每年出产的稻米有60%以上出自这种杂交稻种。 袁博士1930年出生，1953年毕业于西南农学院。从那时起，找到水稻高产的方法就成为他一生的目标。年轻时，他就看到了稻田增产的巨大需求。当时，饥荒是许多农村地区面临的严重问题。袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收稻谷的途径。1950年，中国农民只能生产五千万吨稻谷，而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻谷。这一粮食产量的增加意味着中国仅仅7%的耕地养活了世界22%的人口。袁博士现在在印度、越南和很多其他欠发达国家传播提高水稻产量的知识。多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗 17 中有了更多的办法。用他的杂交水稻种子，农民种出的粮食 比以前多了一倍。 袁博士很满意他的生活。但是，他对成名并不在意，并且 觉得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。他宁愿把时间花在自己 的业余爱好上。他喜欢听小提琴乐曲、打麻将、游泳和读书。 在自己身上花钱或者享受舒适的生活对袁博士来说意义不 大。事实上，他认为一个人有了太多钱，他的麻烦事只会更 多，而不是更少。于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行 农业科学研究。 梦想是不花本钱的。很久以前，袁博士曾在梦里看到水稻 长得像高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻谷像花 生米一样大。袁博士从梦中醒来，希望能种植一种能养活更 多人的水稻。在很多年后的今天，袁博士还有另外一个梦想， 那就是他的稻谷可以出口并长遍全球。一个梦想总是不够 的，尤其对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。 Unit3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR As Victor Hugo once said, Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a 18 time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives. Not that Charlie's own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining. As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. This character was a 19 social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him. How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in 20 Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence. 默剧大师 维克多?雨果曾说:“欢笑是驱走人们脸上寒冬的太阳。” 而到现在为止，还没有一个人能做的比查理?卓别林更好。他在艰苦的两次世界大战期间为美国人和英国人的生活增彩。他可以让沮丧的人开怀，让他们感受到生活的美好。 但这些不代表查理一直过着舒适的生活。他于1889年出生在一个穷苦的家庭。他的父母都是贫穷的乐师。小查理一会说话就开始学习声乐，一会走路就开始学习跳舞，这是十分令人感到惊奇的。这种训练在当时的演艺之家是司空见惯的，特别是对收入不定的家庭。很不幸的是，查理的父亲去逝了，这使得家境更加窘迫，也正是因为这样，查理的童年都用来陪伴生病的母亲和照顾他的弟弟。在青少年时，查理就以他的幽默，成为英国最受欢迎的童星之一。他以哑剧形式演出愚蠢的人的日常生活。没有人对他的表演感到厌烦，他微妙的表演使一切都显得有趣。 慢慢地，他做起了电影。他以那个迷人的流浪汉的角色在世界上变得越来越出名。他那贫穷、无家可归、留着两撇小胡子的流浪汉角色，穿着大裤子、破鞋子和一顶小圆黑礼帽。他拄着一根拐杖，步履僵硬。这个角色反映了社会的失败， 21 但他在克服困难时展现的乐观和决心赢得了人们的喜爱。他虽处于社会低层饱受人们的奚落，但他仍对人慷慨。 那么这个流浪汉是如何使原本悲惨的情况变得引人发笑呢,这里有一个从他最著名的电影《淘金记》中选取的例子。在19世纪中期，金子在加利福尼亚刚被发掘。像其他人一样，这个流浪汉和他的朋友一起去那儿淘金，但都无获。更加雪上加霜的是，他们遭遇大风雪，只好躲在山边的一个小棚子里，还没有食物。他们是如此的饿以至于他们把一双皮鞋煮了当晚餐。查理先把鞋袋挑出来当意大利面吃了。接着他把鞋的皮质表面当牛排切着吃。最后，他试着切下鞋底来吃。他吃地十分愉快。查理演得十分真实，以至于观众觉得这是他所吃过的最好的一顿晚餐。 查理?卓别林自导自演，并包揽写剧本的工作。在1972年他被授予奥斯卡特别奖，表彰他在电影上的杰出贡献。他曾在英国和美国居住，但他人生的最后一年是在瑞士度过的，他于1977年逝世，被埋于瑞士。他以一位杰出表演者的身份被世人铭记和爱戴，并激励着有自信的后人不断前进。 Unit4 COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM? Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international 22 students. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand. They both apologized - another cultural mistake! Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came 23 closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face. They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz., on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women. As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural body language. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken language through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people arou nd the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but 24 some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general - not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads! 沟通:没问题, 昨天,另一个学生和代表我们学校学生会,去首都国际机场 迎接今年的国际学生。他们都要在北京大学学习。我们将他 们先对他们的宿舍,然后到学生餐厅用膳。半个小时后等待他 25