职称英语真题

职称英语真 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试 理工类B级模拟题 第1部分:词汇选项(第1,15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether. A) develop B) disappear C) linger D) renew 2. In the United States educational system, intermediate school is the transitional phase between the primary grades and high school. A) stage B) notion C) pattern D) alternative 3. Fluoride deters tooth decay by reducing the growth of bacteria that destroy tooth enamel. A) facilitates B) overwhelms C) inhibits D) loosens 4. The firm of Bonnin and Morris in Philadelphia was probably the first American Company to manufacture porcelain. A) silverware B) crystal C) china D) linen 5. Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990. A) in B) around C) from D) before 6. We packed up the things I had accumulated over the last three years and left for good. A) close B) near C) past D) final 7. The chemical is lethal to rats but safe to cattle. A) toxic B) harmful C) deadly D) contagious 8. She is very conscientious about her work. A) worried B) careful C) anxious D) nervous 9. She has consolidated her power. A) strengthened B) won C) hardened D) united 10. The drinking water is contaminated with impurities. A) blackened B) polluted C) darkened D) mixed 11. Her novel depicts a futuristic America. A) writes B) sketches C) describes D) indicates 12. He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress. A) despair B) difficulties C) need D) danger 13. They are endeavoring to change society as a whole. A) trying B) working C) doing D) making 14. Your eternal boasting annoys everyone, A) unchangeable B) everlasting C) boring D) monotonous 15. The other women seemed contented and they even exhibited their bellies with pride. A) demonstrated B) uncovered C) spread D) showed 第2部分:阅读判断(第16,22题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做 出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供 的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请 在答题卡上把,涂黑。 Prediction about Newspapers in the Next Century Some time in the next century, the familiar early-morning newspaper on the front porch will disappear. And instead of reading your newspaper, it will read to you. You’ll get up and turn on the computer newspaper just like switching on the TV. An electronic voice will distribute stories about the latest events, guided by a program that selects the type of news you want. You’ll even get to choose the kind of voice you want to hear. Want more information on the story? A simple touch makes the entire text appear. Save it in your own personal computer file if you like. These are among the predictions from the communications experts working on the newspapers of the future. Pictured as part of broader home-based media and entertainment systems, computer newspapers would unite print and broadcast reporting, offering news and analysis with video images of news events. Most of the technology is available now, but convincing more people that they didn’t need paper to read a newspaper is the next step. But resistance to computer newspapers may be stronger from within journalism (新闻界)。 Since it is such a cultural change, it may be that the present generation of journalists and publishers will have to die off before the next generation realizes that the newspaper industry is no longer a newspaper industry. Technology is making the end of traditional newspapers unavoidable. Despite technological advance, it could take decades to replace newsprint with computer screens. It might take 30 to 40 years to complete the change over because people need to buy computers and because newspapers have established financial interests in the paper industry. 16. The best title for this passage is Newspapers Are out of Fashion. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 17. That computer newspapers are cheaper than traditional newspapers is not an advantage of computer newspapers. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 18. Though computer newspapers are very convenient, they have many disadvantages. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 19. Journalists are not eager to accept computer newspapers because they think the new technology is bad. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 20. We can infer from the passage that all technological changes are good. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 21. There is strong resistance from both the general population and professional journalists in renewing newspaper. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 22. It might take 30 to 40 years for computer newspapers to replace traditional newspapers because it is technologically impossible now. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned. 第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23,30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23,26题要求从所给的6个选项中 为第2,5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27,30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择 4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. The energy crunch, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the reckless despoiling of the earth’s resources has brought the whole world to brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its spiral of more cars, more highway, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the disintegration of the family, and the pollution not only of local air, but also of the earth’s atmosphere. The catastrophe has arrived in the form of the energy crunch. 2. Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural catastrophes of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is crucial. What we need is not a continuation of our present perilous state, which endangers the future of our country., our children and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems. 3. This country has been reeling under the continuing exposures of loss of moral integrity and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral reinvigoration and for some commitment that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the loyalty of all. In the past it has been only in a war in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to invoke a total commitment. 4. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity. 5. To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of nature of the crisis confronting us --- and the world --- a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by-product of the ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no figment of environmentalists’ fears, no byproduct of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed lifestyle. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on an overriding commitment to a higher quality of life for the world’s children and future generation. 23. Paragraph 1 __________. 24. paragraph 2 ___________ 25. Paragraph 3 __________ 26. Paragraph 5 __________. A. We are lack of financial planning. B. We must face the catastrophe in the form of the energy crunch. C. We should understand nature of the crisis and need a new lifestyle. D. We must adopt a new form of government. E. Moral reinvigoration is demanded strongly because of the high rate of lawbreaking. F. We need a movement to solve the planetary problems. 27. The author feels that energy crisis has brought the entire world close to __________. 28. The speaker feel ________has nearly destroyed our cities. 29. ________is one example of our loss of moral integrity. 30. By comparing past problems with present ones, the speaker draws attention to the __________. A.significance of this crisis B.Lack of loyalty C.destruction D.the excessive growth of motor transportation E. similarity of the past to the present F.revolution 第4部分:阅读理解(第31,45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅 读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答 题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 There are many reasons for the tidal action which is a very complicated phenomenon involving many factors all of which must be considered to predict tide in any one place at any one time. The alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas and the ocean is mainly caused by the attractive force of the moon alone. When the attraction is great, the tide is high and conversely when the attraction is minimal, the tide is low. Between the high tide and the low tide is a period of a little over six hours, being called during its rise a flood tide and during its fall an ebb tide. The sun also exerts its effect on the tide, being a little less than half as much as the moon, although its mass is so much greater. When the moon and the sun are horizontal, the highest high tide occurs and when they are vertical the lowest low tide takes place. The wind also plays an important part in the modification of the normal rise and fall of the tide. Thus, these factors affect each other either detracting or adding to the attractive forces to add or subtract from the height of the tide. But the tides still move inexorable (坚决不变地) on, rising twice a day, getting a little later each day and posing a problem of correctly predicting their heights and lows. 31( According to this article, it is clear that the force of the moon _______. A. is not as important as that of the wind B. is less than half as much as the sun C. causes the alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas D. does not influence the rise and fall of the surface of the seas 32. It can be concluded from this article that the attraction of the sun is __________. A. more than half that of the moon B. more than that of the moon C. more than twice that of the moon D. half that of the moon. 33. Which of the following factors will not affect the time of the tide? A. The position of the sun and the moon B. The mass of the moon C. The wind D. All of the above mentioned factors. 34. If the first high tide takes place at 1:00am, the next high tide will probably take place at ____. A. 7:20am B. 8:00am C. 1:45pm D. High noon 35. The principal idea of this article is _______. A. The attraction of the sun and the moon B. The sun, the moon and the wind C. The changing tide D. The factors affecting the tide. 第二篇 Putting Plants to Work Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts : They've been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years. Ceils in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into1 sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless you're a plant, it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it. Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Mafia Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo. 2, is working with green algae3. She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen4 instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel Cells in cars or to generate electricity, The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. "But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen. " Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an air free environment. It's the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time. Working in an air free environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present. Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen. The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: "You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms. " 36. What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy? A) Plants are 'the real experts in producing solar energy. B) Plants have been used to produce solar energy. C) Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years. D) Plants have been a source of solar energy. 37. Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches? A) Because they want algae to produce sugars and starches. B) Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy. C) Because they want to turn plant sugars to a new form of energy. D) Because they want to make photosynthesis more efficient. 38. According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen? A) When there is a lot of oxygen in the air.) B) When there is no oxygen in the air. C) When photosynthesis is taking place. D) When enough starch is stored. 39. Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the following is one such difficulty? A) It is not possible to remove sulfate from the environment. B) It is not possible to work in an airfree environment to produce hydrogen. C) It is not easy to make sugars instead of hydrogen. D) It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed. 40. What is NOT true of algae? A) They are easy to grow. B) They can be a very good fuel source. C) They are cheap to eat. D) They can be used in many ways. 第三篇 Batteries Built by Viruses What do chicken pox，the common cold, the flu，and AIDS have in common? They’re all disease caused by viruses，tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person(It's no wonder1 that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of2 viruses is what's on people's minds( Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carders, though3(In Cambridge, Massachusetts4, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an (They are putting viruses to work, teaching them to build some of unusual way the world's smallest rechargeable batteries( Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair，but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher，who first came up with5 the idea(At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways(In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology, technology and production techniques( Belcher's team includes Paula Hammond，who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet-Ming Chiang， an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery(“We’re working on things we traditionally don’t associate with says Hammond( nature(” Many batteries are already pretty small(You can hold A(C and D batteries6 in your hand(The coin—like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny(However。every year，new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before(As these devices shrink, ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit inside( The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package(Right now， Belcher's model battery，a metallic disk completely built by viruses，looks like a regular watch battery(But inside，its components are very small—so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope( How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size，pluck one hair from your head(Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is—pretty thin，right? Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different，you could probably fit about l0 of these virus-built battery parts， side to side，across one hair(These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7( 41(According to the first paragraph，people try to A(kill microorganisms related to chicken pox，the flu，etc( B(keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible( C(stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases( D(cure themselves of virus—related diseases by taking medicines( 42(What is Belcher's team doing at present? A(It is finding ways to get rid of viruses(( B(It is mass—producing microbatteries( C(It is making batteries with viruses( D(It is analyzing virus genes( 43(What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5, A(Broaden( B(Spread( C(Extend( D(Expand: 44. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6, A(It is made of metal( B(It is a kind of watch battery( C(It can only be seen with a microscope( D(It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it( 45. How tiny is one battery part? A(Its width is one tenth of a hair( B(It equals the width of a hair( (It is as thin as a piece of paper( C D(Its width is too tiny to measure( 第5部分:补全短文(第46,50题，每题2分，共10分) 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内 容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂 在答题卡相应的位置上。 Stroke A stroke occurs when the blood flow to a section of the brain stops. ___46___. This can happen in several ways, but in most cases the arteries leading the brain are first narrowed by deposits of cholesterol and other fats. ___47___. Deposits on vessel walls can also become so thick that they cut off blood flow altogether. In about 15 percent of strokes a weak wall of a cranial vessel bursts, causing bleeding into the brain. ___48____. “ Absolutely,” says Dr. J. Philip Kistler, a neurologist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, “ the first line of defense is control of blood pressure.” Consistent hypertension can lead to arteriosclerosis --- thickening of the walls of the arteries. ___49____. Kistler’s advice: “ Have your blood pressure checked professionally at least once a year and if it is above normal, following your doctor’s advice.”. ____50____. In other cases, it will require antihypertensive pills. A. Can stroke be prevented ? B. This may mean just a change in diet ---- usually salt and fat restriction along with weight loss, if needed, and more exercises. C. It requires salt and fat. D. Brain cells in the area lose their source of energy and within minutes begin to die. E. Smoking, obesity and a cholesterol-rich diet speed up this dangerous process. F. Then, a blood clot breaks from these deposits or an embolus travels from elsewhere in the body, either blocking the already narrowed spot or escaping to plug another blood vessel in the brain. 第6部分:完形填空(第51,65题，每题1分，共15分) 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的 内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate自我疗法" against the blues，scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal2 have found that smoking may actually —51—depressive symptoms in some teens.“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived —52—benefits of smoking among teens,” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton，a research associate3 at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto(“—53—cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating —54—or to improve mood，in the long term4 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms.” As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires —55—their use of cigarettes to affect mood(Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants，urban and rural schools，and schools —56— in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6(Participants were divided into three —57—: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate，improve mood or physical —58—;smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate(Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too fired to do things:had —59—going to sleep or staying —60—;felt unhappy，sad，or depressed;felt hopeless about the future;felt vexed，antsy or tense;and worried too much about things("Smokers who used cigarettes as mood —61—had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine7("0ur study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of —62—depressive symptoms." The —63—between depression and smoking exists —64—一among teens that use cigarettes to feel better("It’s —65—to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr(Chaiton( 51(A examine B increase C decrease D diagnose 52(A social B financial C emotional D political 53(A Whatever B Although C Whenever D what 54(A effects B methods C steps D directions 55(A beside B beyond C in D about 56(A exposed B expanded C located D detected 57(A groups B sets C species D versions 58(A world B activity C state D beauty 59(A time B courage C energy D trouble 60(A asleep B awake C still D silent 61(A reducers B improvers C creators D removers 62(A changing B identifying C developing D overcoming 63(A difference B association C cooperation D agreement 64(A occasionally B scarcely C probably D principally 65(A illogical B unscientific C meaningless D important 2010年全国职称英语理工类(B级)考试真题及答案 2010-11-25 09:28 外语教育网编辑整理 【大 中 小】【打印】【我要纠错】【加入 收藏】 第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为 接近的选项。 1(Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment( A(anger B(doubt C(love D(surprise 2(The document was compiled by the Department of Health( A(written B(printed C(attached D(sent 3(He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art( A(sharing B(using C(denying D(developing 4(We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues( A(clear B(regular C(quick D(great 5.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners( A(polite B(similar C(usual D(bad 6.I want to provide my boys with a decent education( A(good B(special C(private D(general 7(In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy( A(changes B(reduces C(leaves D(drops 8(Many cities have restricted smoking in public places( A(limited B(allowed C(stopped D(kept 9( What are my chances of promotion if I stay here? A(retirement B(advertisement C(advancement D(replacement 10(If we leave now，we should miss the traffic( A(direct B(stop C(mix D(avoid 11(There was a profound silence after his remark( A(proud B(short C(sudden D(deep 12(I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues( A(long B(boring C(original D(humorous 13(The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village( A(caught B(killed C(found D(jailed 14(Such a database would be extremely costly to set up( A(transfer B(destroy C(establish D(update 15(The two banks have announced plans to merge next year( A(combine B(sell C(close D(break 第2部分:阅读判断(第16,22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提 供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中 没有提及，请选择C。 A Great Quake Coming? Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastating(In 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28，000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of people(Residents now wonder when the next"Big One"will strike(It's bound to happen someday(At least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco area(Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust(地壳)slide past each other(When these pieces slip，the ground shakes( To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens( One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time(During small earthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per second(During bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second( At such high speeds(massive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself(Lucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)travel away from the city during the 1906 event(As bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse( Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur(Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906(Since then，the earthquake has been relatively quiet(Patterns in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent( New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes(Still，more than 84 per-cent of the city's buildings are old and weak(Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage( People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while(According to the new reseaych，however，it's not a matter of"if the Big One will hit"(It's just a matter of when( 16(The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines( A(Right B(Wrong C(Not mentioned 17(The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history( A(Right B(Wrong C(Not mentioned 18(The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second. A(Right Wrong B( C(Not mentioned 19(Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906( A(Right B(Wrong C(Not mentioned 20(San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake( A(Right B(Wrong C(Not mentioned 21(Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon( A(Right B(Wrong C(Not mentioned 22(A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable( A(Right B(Wrong C(Not mentioned 第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23,30题，每题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,5段每 段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27,30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选 项。 Natural Gas Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface(It is a fossil fuel， meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷). The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as Dipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide(Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and indus-tries(More than 65 million American homes use natural gas(In fact，natural gas is the most eco-nomical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heat-ing homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and fur-nishings( Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants. Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available( It emits less pollution than other fossil fuels(dioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans ex-hale(Compared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide in-to the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all(The industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of production and distribution，which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly( The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the lar-gest gas consuming region in the world(The U(S(Department of Energy's Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025. There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface(The largest reserves of natu-ral gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East(LNG(液化天然 气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.To-day，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain. 23(Paragraph 2_______________ 24(Paragraph 3_______________ 25(Paragraph 4_______________ 26(Paragraph 5_______________ A(Popularity and use of natural gas B(Natural gas reserves and supply C(Natural gas prices D(Clean fuel of choice E(Disadvantages of natural gas F(Natural gas consumption 27(Natural gas is stored deep________. 28(Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source ________. 29(When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas ________. 30(It is estimated that by 2050 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase________. A(over the past 50 years B(beneath the earth surface C(by more than 50 percent D(for more than four decades E(as a raw material F(for home energy needs 第4部分:阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Walking to Exercise the Brain Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again(Getting some exercise may help，too( New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise( Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel(Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't(Their brain cells also make more connections( Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people(First，they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77，after each per-son walked 1 mile(Then，participants looked at arrows on a computer sczeen and had to use com-puter keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing( Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac- curate as their less-fit peers,the researchers found(The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions( In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were fas-ter at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time( So，even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can help(That should be good news for your grandparents( The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet(Still，it can't hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends(You might even do better in school( Whatever you do，though，don't try to read and walk at the same time(You could end up hurting yourseff! 31(Walking regularly helps elderly people_______( A(lose weight B(become happier C(concentrate better D(look younger 32(After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have_____( A(higher blood pressure B(faster heartbeat C(more blood flow to the brain D(better appearance 33(The first study on 41 elderly people found______( A(the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster B(the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster C(the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers D(the fitter participants gave more accurate answers 34(It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least______( A(3 minutes B(45 minutes C(30 minutes D(10 minutes 35(It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should______( A(run around once a week B(not read and walk at the same time C(go for a walk every day D(not hurt their friends while exercising 第二篇 Night of the Living Ants When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nest(This behavior is interesting to scientists，who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon that another ant is dead( Dong-Hwan Choe，a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants("I'm dead(take me away(" But there's a twist to Choe's discovery(These ants ave a little bit like zombies(僵尸)(Choe says that the living ants，not just the dead ones，have this death chemicals(In other words(While an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，it's telling other ants that it's dead( What keeps ants from hauling away the liring dead?Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，"Wait-I'm not dead yet，"So Choe's research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants:one says，"I'm dead("the other set says，"I'm not dead yet(" Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead( If an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes up(That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive( Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies，the chemical that says"Wait-I'm not dead yet" quickly goes away.Once that chemical is gone，only the one that says"I'm dead"is left("It's because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard(墓地)， not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death，"said Choe( When other ants detect the"dead"chemical without the"not dead yet"chemical，they haul away the body( This was choe's hypothesis(假设)( To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae(蛹). When the scientists used the"I'm dead"chemical，other ants quickly hauled tbe treated pupae away. When the scientists used the"Wait-I'm not dead yet"chemicals，other ants left the treated pupae alone.Choe believes this behavior shows that the"not dead yet"chemicals override(优先于) the"dead"chemical when picked up by adult ants( And that when an ant dies，the"not dead yet"chemicals fade away(Other nearby ants then detect the remaining"dead"chemical and remove the body from the nest( 36(What is meant by"death chemical"mentioned in paragraph 3? A(A chemical that contains poison( B(A chemical that causes death( C(A chemical that announces death( D(A chemical that prevents death( 37(Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants? A(Ants know very soon that another ant is dead( B(When an ant is dead，others move its body out of the nest( C(If an ant is unconscious，it is moved out of the nest( D(Living ants have the"I'm dead"chemical on their bodies( 38(According to Choe's hypothesis，___________. A(an ant still smells like a living when it dies B(the"I am dead"chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies C(the"I am not dead yet"chemical is left when an ant dies D(the"I am not dead yet"chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies 39(According to paragraph 7，what is the result of the test on Choe's hyothesis? A(It shows that his hypothesis is wrong( B(It proves that his hypothesis is convincing( C(It suggests that his hypothesis needs revising( D(Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis( 40(The passage"Night of the Living Ants"tells us about________. A(how an ant is moved out of the nest at nigh B(what an ant does at night C(how an ant finds its way in darkness D(what happens when an ant dies 第三篇 The Iceman On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy(High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year(The mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface( It was lying face downward(The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the head(There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes(The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots(Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows( Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions(Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I(since several soldiers had already been found in the area( A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found(The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old( With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old(Born in about 3300 B(C(，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe(At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence(however，tells a different story(A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder(It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding(He almost certainlv died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his head(This means that he was probably in some kind of battle(It may have been part of a large war，or he may have been fighting bandits(He may even have been a bandit himself( By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in(we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times( 41(The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because__________( A(two Germans were climbing mountains B(he was just on a mountain pass C(the melted ice made him visible D(he was lying on the ice 42(What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A(The iceman could have died from the wound in the head( B(The iceman was struck dead from behind( C(The iceman was killed while working( D(The iceman lived a poor life( 43(All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT____________( A(he was a soldier in Worid War I B(he came from Italy C(he was a Swiss woman'S long-lost father D(He was born about a thousand years ago 44(The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________( A(was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead B(has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death C(was probably in some kind of a battle D(had got a wound on the back of his head 45(The word"bandits"in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by_________( A(robbers B(shooters C(soldiers D(hunters 第5部分:补全短文(第46,50题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将 其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Semco At 21，Ricardo Semler became boss of his father'S business in Brazil，Semco，which sold parts for ships(Semler Junior worked like a madman，from 7:30 am，until midnight every day(One afternoon，while touring a factory in New York，he collapsed(The doctor who treated him said，"There's nothing wrong with you(But if you continue like this(you'll find a new home in our hospital("Semler got the message(He changed the way he worked(In fact，he changed the ways his employees worked too( He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong(He allowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary，like receptionists and secretaries(__________(46)("Everyone at Semco，even top managers，meets guests in reception，does the photocopying，sends faxes，types letters and dials the phone(" He completely reorganized the office:instead of walls，they have plants at Semco，SO bosses can't shut themselves away from everyone else(__________(47)(As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts( Semler says，"We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour(He doesn't even pretend to be busy(But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails，millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea(Rubin springs into action(_________(48)(That'S when he earns his salary(No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time(" Semco has flexible working hours:the employees decide when they need to arrive at work(The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year(________(49)( It sounds perfect，but does it work? The answer is in the numbers:in the last six years， Semco'S revenues have gone from$35 million to$212 million(The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3，000(Why? Semler says it's because of"peer pressure"(Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else(_________(50)(In other words，Ricardo Semler treats his workers like aduhs and expects them to act like adults(And they do( A(This saved money and brought more equality to the company( B(He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them( C(And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want( D(Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work( E(If someone isn't doing his job well，the other workers will not allow the situation to continue( F(Also，Semco lets its workers use the company's machines for their own projects，and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year( 第6部分:完形填空(第51,65题，每题1分，共15分) 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints(指纹)(Losing them could become troublesome(A case _________(51)online in a letter by Annals of Oncology(肿瘤学)indicates how big a________(52)of losing fingerprints is( Eng-Huat Tan，a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year-old man who has used capecitabine to________(53)his nasopharyngeal cancer(鼻咽癌)(After three years on the_______(54)，the patient decided to visit U(S(relatives last December(But he was stopped by U(S(customs officials________(55)4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man(There were no_______(56)swirly marks appearing from his index finger( "U(S(customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years("Tan says("unfortunately，for the Singaporean traveler，one potential_________(57)effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads(_________(58)，no fingerprints(" "It is uncertain when fingerprint___________(59)will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine，"Tan points out(So he__________(60)any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor'S___________(61)pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear( Eventually，the Singapore traveler made it into the United States(I guess the name on his passport didn't raise any red flags( But he'S also now got the explanatory doctor's note-and won't leave home_______(62)it( By the way，maybe the Food and Drug Administration(美国食品药物管理局)， ____________(63) approved use of the drug 11 years ago，should consider updating its list of side effects _______(64)with this medicine(The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting(呕吐)，stomach pain and some other side effects(But no where__________(65)it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints( 51(A(released B(suggested C(accepted D(detected 52(A(problem B(gap C(sickness D(secret 53(A(cut B(treat C(find D(smooth 54(A(diet B(exercise C(recovery D(drug 55(A(in B(for C(at D(from 56(A(different B(strange C(interesting D(distinctive 57(A(good B(side C(normal D(main 58(A(However B(Meanwhile C(Hence D(Yet 59(A(chance B(mark C(loss D(danger 60(A(reports B(discourage C(cautions D(praise 61(A(note B(name C(book D(number 62(A(on B(out C(without D(off 63(A(who B(when C(which D(where 64(A(collected B(copied C(associated D(tested 65(A(must B(does C(can D(should 参考答案: 第1部分:词汇选项 1(A [解析]Patricia生气的瞪着其他的女孩。resentment愤恨。如:He shows no resentment to anyone(他不怨恨任何人。anger愤怒。最符合题意。如:I cannot control mY anger(我无法控制自己的愤怒。doubt怀疑。如:There is no doubt that we will be successful(毫无疑问我们会成功。love爱。如:Love conquers all(爱能战胜一切。surprise惊奇。如:What a pleasant surprise thing!多惊喜的事情呀! 2(A [解析]这一文件由卫生部拟写。compile编辑、编写。如:compile an encvclopedia 编辑一本百科全 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 。write写。最符合题目。如:He has written many books(他写过很多书。 print印刷。如:print the final copy of your essay打印作文的终稿。attach系，贴。如:attach a label to the product给商品贴上商标。send送。如:He sent her some flowers(他给她送了些 花。 3(D [解析]他花费多年培养对艺术的学识。cultivate培养。如:I wiu cultivate the habit of laughter(我要培养笑的习惯。share分享。如:We used to share everything(我们曾经分享一 切。use使用。如:use your mind动动脑子。deny否定。如:Can you deny the truth of his statement?你能否认他的声明的真实性吗?develop发展。最符合题意。如:develop a love for music培养 对音乐的喜爱。 4(A [解析]在解决这些社会问题上我们看到了明显的转变。marked明显的。如:marked increases明显的增长。clear清晰的。最符合题意。如:a clear explanation清晰的解释。regular 规律的。如:regular heartbeats规律的心跳。quick迅速的。如:a quick answer迅速的回答。 great伟大的。如:a great career伟大的事业。 5(A [解析]她的父亲话语不多，举止优雅。graceful优雅的。如:The dancer was light and graceful(舞者的舞姿轻盈优美。polite有礼貌的。最符合题意。如:a polite behavior有礼貌 的行为。similar类似的。如:a word or phrase of similar meaning意义相近的词或词组。usual 通常的。如:His speech followed the usual pattern(他按照通常的方式讲话。bad坏的。如: a bad habit坏习惯。 6(A[解析]我想给儿子们提供体面的教育。decent体面的。如:decent clothes体面的服 装。good好的。最符合题意。如:good environment良好的环境。special特别的。如:This is a special occasion(这是一个特殊的场合。private隐私的。如:Fans are always curious about the singer's private life。歌迷总对歌星的私人生活感兴趣。general普遍的。如:the general readers一般的读者。 7( A[解析]在这个过程中，光能会转换成热能。convert转换。如:convert iron to steel变铁为钢。change改变。最符合题意。如:change from an empty space to a busy area从空地 变为繁华地区。reduce减少。如:reduce the consumption offuel减少燃料消耗。leave留下。 如:He left the book on the desk(他把书留在桌上。drop掉落。如:A bottle dropped on the floor and smashed(瓶子落地摔碎了。 8( A[解析]许多城市限制在公共场合抽烟。restrict限制。如:The trees restrict our view(这 些树局限了我们的视野。limit限制。最符合题意。如:He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes(他必须限制抽烟的数目。allow允许。如:Please allow me to express my warm welcome to our guests(请允许我向来客 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示热烈的欢迎。stop停止。如:Stop talking(别说 话。keep保持。如:keep silence保持沉默。 9( C[解析]如果我留下，能有多大可能得到提拔?promotion升职。如:May I offer my congratulations on your promotion?请允许我为您的晋升向您道贺。retirement退休。如:Your retirement is really a great disappointment to me(您退休了，真是令我非常失望。advertisement广告。如:This advertisement will capture the attention of TV audiences(这广告将引起电视观 众的注意。advancement晋升。最符合题意。如:His advancement to the position of manager was greeted with enthusiasm(他被提升为经理，大家都为之欢呼。replacement代替。如:They have got a replacement for him(他们把他替换下来。 10(D[解析]如果现在出发就能避免交通高峰。miss错过。如:I missed breakfast this morning(今早我错过了吃早饭。direct指挥。如:She directed the planning of the festival(她 统管节日安排。stop停止。如:Stop talking(别说话。mix混合。如:Mix water and flour(将 水和面粉混合。avoid避免。最符合题意。如:Avoid making any noise(避免制造任何噪音。 (D[解析]他讲完后有一阵意味深长的沉默。profound意义深远的。如:What she has 11 to say is very profound(她说的话很有意义。proud骄傲的。如:a proud winner骄傲的胜利 者。short短暂的。如:a short journey短暂的旅行。sudden突然的。如:a sudden attack突袭。 deep深刻的。最符合题意。如:a deep impression深刻的印象。 12(D[解析]我喜欢这出戏，它有巧妙的情节和风趣的对话。funny有趣的。如:a funny story有趣的故事。long长的。如:long hair长发。boring枯燥的。如:a boring person无聊 的人。original最初的。如:Stick to the original plan(坚持原计划。humorous幽默的。最符 合题意。如:The film is humorous and moving(这部电影风趣又动人。 13(A [解析]贼最终在距村子两英里的地方被抓住。capture捕获。如:capture territories by force of arms争城夺地。catch抓住。最符合题意。如:Early birds catch worms(早起的鸟 儿有虫吃。kill杀害。如:He was killed in a car accident(他丧命于一场车祸。find发现。如: Have you found your key?找到钥匙了么?jail监禁。如:He was jailed last month(他上月被监 禁。 14(C [解析]建立这样的数据库成本会非常高。set up建立。如:set up an organization成立一个组织。transfer转移。如:He was transfefred to another department(他调到另一个部 门了。destroy破坏。如:The houses were des~oyed in an earthquake(房屋在地震中毁坏。 establish成立。最符合题意。如:His grandfather established the family business in 1920(他的 祖父在1920年成立了这个家族企业。update更新。如:Have you updated the statistics in the report?你把报告中的数据更新了么? 15(A [解析]两家银行已宣布了明年合并的计划。merge联合。如:Rover is to merge with the BMW(罗佛要和宝马公司合并。combine合并。最符合题意。如:combine theories with practical exI)eriences将实践经验和理论相结合。sell出售。如:How can you seU sueh an old car?t你怎样能将这辆老车卖出去?close关闭。如:Close the door please(请关门。break打碎。 如(break a vase打破花瓶。 第2部分:阅读判断 16(B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是:"At least seven active fault lines run through the San FranciSCO area." 17(C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面信息。文章只提到1906年地震破坏性大，没说是最 严重的。 18(A [解析]本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是:"During bigger quakes，baowever，ruptures can laappen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per secona("由于1906年洛杉矶地震属于大地震，因此本句"1906年洛杉矾地震断层最高速度超过每秒3.5公里"是正确的。 19(B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是:"Recorcls show that earthquakes were common before 1906(" 20(B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是:"still，more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak("既然大多数房屋不能抵挡地震，那么洛杉矶并没有为地震的来临做好准备。 21(C[解析]文章没有谈到这方面信息。 22(A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是:"According to the new research，however，it's not a matter of'if the Big 0ne will hit'(It's just a matter of wllen("既然问题是"地震什么时候会发生"，那么这一地震是无法避免的了。 参考译文 大地震就要来了? 住在旧金山的人都知道海湾地区地震高发，而且具有毁坏性。例如1906年的地震毁坏了28000座建筑，让成百上千的人丧命。现在这里的居民想知道下次"大地震"到来的时间，它在某天必定会发生。现在至少有七条活跃的断层线穿过旧金山。断层是地壳破裂面互相移动形成的。当这些破裂面滑动时地震就发生了。 为了迎接那一天，科学家用新技术重新分析1906年的地震，并估计下次地震有可能造成的破坏。 关于1906年地震的一个新发现是圣安德烈亚斯断层分裂的速度比当时科学家认为的要快。小地震发生时断层以每秒2(7公里的速度断裂。然而在大地震时断层断裂速度每秒可超过3(5公里。 在如此高速下聚集了大量压力，并产生比地震本身破坏性更强的地下波。洛杉矶算幸运的，1906年这些压力脉冲游离了该城。尽管破坏很严重，但总算避免了更糟糕的后果。 展望未来，科学家在估计下次大地震什么时候发生。记录显示1906年前地震频发。自此，地震相对减少。然而数据模式显示2032年前一场大地震袭击湾区的可能性至少有62,。 旧金山的新建筑即使在地震中也是完全安全的，但城里超过84,的旧建筑仍是不坚固的。分析家暗示再来一次大地震会造成大面积破坏。 居民觉得住在旧金山是安全的，因为很长一段时间来都很平静。然而根据新的研究，问题已不再是"是否将会发生大地震"，而是"什么时候它会来"。 第3部分:概括大意与完成句子 23(A [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然气被广泛应用以及各种用途。 24(D[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。 25(F[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是美国消费天然气的情况。 26(B [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是世界上天然气的储存和供应情况。 27(B [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段的第一句"Natural gas is procduced from reserVoirs deep beneath the earth's SUTface(" 28(F [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第四句"In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for llome energy neecls，costing one-third as mueh as electricity"( 29(E [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第五句话"In addition to heating homes，much of the gas usecl in the United States is usecl as a raw material to mamrflacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healtlacare，computing ancl fumishings(" 30(C [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段的最后一句"The U.S. Department 0f Energy's Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demancl will grow by more tllan 50 percent by 2025." 参考译文 天然气 天然气深深储藏在地球表面下方，它属于矿物燃料，是埋藏在地球上百万年的有机物产生的。天然气的主要构成是甲烷。 过去50多年，随着管道基础建设能将气体便利、经济的输送到世界各地的居住区、商业和工业用户，天然气受欢迎程度和使用迅速增长。如今全美50州都有天然气服务，并且是美国家庭和工业燃料首选。超过6500万美国家庭使用天然气。事实上，天然气是最经济的家庭能源的来源，费用是电的1/3。除了家庭取暖，美国许多天然气被用作原材料，生产从油漆到服装纤维、保健用塑料制品、计算设备和家具等多种产品。天然气也被用在许多新的发电厂。 天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。它释放的污染小于其他矿物燃料。天然气燃烧时主要产生二氧化碳和水蒸气--与人呼气产生的物质相同。与其他矿物燃料相比，天然气燃烧时释放到空气中的二氧化碳最少，因此它是最洁净的燃烧矿物燃料。燃料的生产和分配必须按照联邦政府的规定，这样能确保向消费者提供安全干净的服务。 美国消费世界天然气出产量的三分之一，是世界上最大的天然气消费地区。美国能源部的能源信息行政部门预计天然气需求量到2025年会增长超过50,。 地表下有大量的天然气储存。最大的天然气储存在俄罗斯、西非、北非和中东。过去的四十多年美国同时本土生产和进口液化天然气。现在进口液化气的国家主要有日本、韩国、法国和西班牙。 第4部分:阅读理解 第一篇 31(C [解析]本题是细节考查题。题目是老年人经常运动有助于以下哪项。原文是第二段"对老年人的新研究显示经常运动能让老年更集中精力"。选项A"减肥";选项B"更愉快";选项C"精力更集中";选项D"显得年轻"。因此只能选C。 32(C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第三段"以前的研究证明老鼠在轮子上奔跑数周后它们的学习、记忆和集中程度都有所提高。运动的老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的，而它们脑细胞的联系也更频繁。"选项A"更高的血压";选项B"更快的心跳";选项C"有更多血液流经大脑";选项D"更好的外表"。因此只能选C。 33(B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第五段"研究员发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，他们的答案和身体状况不佳的参加者一样准确。"选项A"身体状况不佳的参赛者完成箭头测试更快";选项B"身体健康的参赛者完成箭头测试的速度更快";选项C"身体状况不佳的参赛者在箭头测试中答案更准确";选项D"身体健康的参赛者在箭头测试中答案更准确"。因此只能选B。 34(D [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第七段"因此每两到三天仅仅出去散步10到45分钟都会对健康有益。"因此只能选D。 35(B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是最后一段"不管你怎么做都不要一边走路一边读书，你有可能伤到自己的哦"。选项A"一周跑一次步";选项B"不要同时走路和读书"与原文内容一致;选项C"每天散步";选项D"运动时不要伤着朋友"。因此答案选B"。 参考译文 步行健脑 你认为整日坐着学习就可以提高成绩么?想想吧。做做运动或许也有效呢。 对老年人的新研究显示经常运动能让老年人更集中精力。 以前的研究证明老鼠在轮子上奔跑数周后它们的学习、记忆和集中程度都有所提高。运动的老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的，而它们脑细胞的联系也更频繁。 来自Urbana-Champaign大学的神经学家想要知道是否人类也会有同样的情况。首先，他们测量了41位58岁到77岁的成年人行走1英里后的健康状况。然后让这4l位参加者观看电脑屏幕上的箭头，用电脑操纵键指出箭头指向哪里。 研究员发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，他们的答案和身体状况不佳的参加者一样准确。有更多的血液流向健康参加者大脑中控制注意力和做决定的部分。 第二项试验中，已完成了一个六个月有氧训练课程的老年人在注意力测试中比另外14位只是做过同样时间的伸展和肌肉锻炼的老年人要更快。 因此每两到三天仅仅出去散步10到45分钟都会对健康有益。这对你的祖父母来说是个好消息。 运动对年轻人大脑的作用尚未有研究。不过，偶尔放下学习，和朋友们散散步、跑一跑还是有好处的。或许对学习大有裨益。 不管你怎么做都不要一边走路一边读书，你有可能伤到自己的哦。 第二篇 36(C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文在第二段"加州大学科学家周东环发现阿根廷蚂蚁的身体能向外释放一种化学物质告诉同伴:'我死了，把我挪走吧。'"选项A"含有毒物质的化学品"与原文不符;选项B"导致死亡的化学物质"与原文不符;选项C"宣布死亡的化学物质"，符合原文;选项D"阻止死亡的化学物质"与原文不符，因此只能选C。 37(C [解析]本题是细节考查题。选项A"蚂蚁们很快知道有同伴死了"符合原文内容:选项B"当有蚂蚁死了，其他同伴把它的尸体挪出蚁穴"符合原文内容;选项C"有蚂蚁昏迷了，它会被拖出蚁穴"不符合原文内容，符合选项要求;选项D"活蚂蚁身上有'我活着'化学物质"，与原文相符。因此只能选C。 38(D[解析]本题是细节考查题。选项A"蚂蚁死后气味依然和活着时一样"与原文不符;选项B"'我已死'化学物在蚂蚁死后会消失"与原文不符;选项C"蚂蚁死后，'我还没死'化学物质留在尸体上"与原文不符;选项D"'我没死'化学物质在蚂蚁死后会消失"与原文相符。因此只能选D( 39(B [解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。周的假设是当其他蚂蚁监测到"我没死"化学物质消失了，而只有"我死了"物质，它们就将尸体拖走。而实验结果是当科学家用"我已死"化学物质时，蚂蚁们立刻将处理过的蛹拉走。当科学家使用"等等，我还没死"这一化学物质时，其他蚂蚁并不碰这个蛹。结果证明了周假设的正确性。选项A"他的假设是错误的"，不符合原文;选项B"他的假设有说服力"，符合原文;选项C"他的假设需要修改"，不符合原文;选项D"他没有发现有力的证据证明这一假设"，与原文不符。所以只能选B。 40(D [解析]本题是阅读综合理解能力考查题。选项A"一只蚂蚁怎样被移出蚁穴"不是文章主旨;选项B"蚂蚁在晚上做什么"不是文章主旨;选项C"蚂蚁如何在黑暗中找到路"不是文章主旨;选项D"蚂蚁死后会发生什么"符合文章内容。因此只能选D。 参考译文 蚂蚁的死亡 一只蚂蚁死后，别的蚂蚁会把它挪出蚁穴。科学家认为这一现象很有趣，他们想知道蚂蚁们如何迅速准确地得知有只同伴死了。 加州大学科学家周东环发现阿根廷蚂蚁的身体能向外释放一种化学物质告诉同伴:"我死了，把我挪走吧。" 让周东环在研究中疑惑不解的是蚂蚁都像僵尸一般，不仅是死蚂蚁，活的蚂蚁也有这种死亡化学物质。换句话说，当一只蚂蚁在餐厅或家中爬行时，它就在告诉同伴他死了。 是什么令蚂蚁们并没有拖走活着的同伴?周发现阿根廷蚂蚁身体上有两种化学物质，这些物质能向周围的蚂蚁传达诸如"等等，我还没死呢"这样的信息。因此，周的研究发现了两种化学物质信号。一种说明"我死了"，另一种说"我还没死呢"。 其他科学家也试图发现蚂蚁如何知道一个同伴已经死去。如果一个蚂蚁昏迷了，其他蚂蚁能在它醒过来前不碰它。这意味着蚂蚁们知道没有动的同伴有可能仍然活着。 周指出，当一只阿根廷蚂蚁死后，发出"等等，我还没死呢"这一信号的化学物质立刻消失。一旦这种物质消失，就只有发出"我死了"的化学物质。周说，"这是因为死去的蚂蚁散发的味道不同于活着的蚂蚁，因而应该被带到坟墓去了。并不是因为蚂蚁在死后产生新化学物质。"当其他蚂蚁监测到"我没死"化学物质消失了，而只有"我死了"物质，它们就将尸体拖走。这是周的假设。 为了证明这一假设，周和他的团队将不同的化学物质涂在阿根廷蚂蚁的蛹上。当科学家用"我已死"化学物质时，蚂蚁们立刻将处理过的蛹拉走。当科学家使用"等等，我还没死"这一化学物质时，其他蚂蚁并不碰这个蛹。周认为这一行为说明蚂蚁选择时，"还没死"物质要优先于"死亡"物质。而且当一只蚂蚁死后，"还没死"化学物质逐渐消失。其他周围的蚂蚁才感觉到"死亡"物质，并将尸体拖离蚁穴。 第三篇 41(C[解析]本题是细节考查题。冰人尸体被发现的原因在文章的第一段提到。选项A"两个德国人正在爬山";选项B"他刚好在一个山口上";选项C"融化的冰将他暴露出来";选项D"他躺在冰上"。因此只能选C。 42(A[解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。能从第二段推断出的是以下哪项?选项A "冰人有可能死于头部伤口";选项B"冰人背后受袭击而致死";选项c"冰人工作时被杀害";选项D"冰人生活贫困"。原文是"它面朝下，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好"，仅就此推断，冰人可能死于头部伤，因此答案是A。 43(B [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是下列哪项不属于人们对冰人作出的种种猜测。原文在第三段。选项A"他是一战时期的士兵";选项C"他是一位瑞士妇女失踪多年的父亲"; 选项D"他大约一千年前出生"均在该段中有所提及。选项B"他来自意大利"在文章中没有出现。因此答案是B。 44(C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是科学家对冰人的推论是什么。原文在第四段。选项A"他的肩膀被箭头刺伤"是事实而非推论;选项B"皮肤上的小孔导致他的死亡"不符合事实;选项C"有可能参与过战斗"是推论;选项D"头后部有伤口"是事实而非推论因此只能选C。 45(A [解析]本题是阅读理解能力考察题。第四段"bandits"是什么意思?选项A"强盗";选项B"射击手";选项C"士兵";选项D"猎人"。只有选项A与其他三项意义相距甚远。因此只能选A。 参考译文 冰人 1991年九月的一天，两位德国人正在攀登奥地利和意大利之间的山脉。爬到一个山口它们发现了一具躺在冰上的尸体。在这样的高度(10499英尺或3200米)，冰通常是常年不化的。但是1991年是特别暖的一年，山上的冰比从前消融的迅速，所以尸体才显露出来。 他面朝下，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好。骨头上依然有皮肤和残余的衣物。尸体双手仍然握着斧头的木柄，双脚穿着简单的由皮革和布料做的靴子，他附近有树皮做的一双手套和一个箭筒。 他是谁?他在什么时候怎样死去的?人人的解释都不同。有人认为他就是本世纪的人，有可能是一战时期阵亡的士兵，因为在这附近已经有士兵被发现了。一位瑞士妇女相信他是自己二十年前在这些山脉间去世的父亲，他的遗体一直没有被找到。赶去查看的科学家认为这一尸体可能更久远，它甚至有一千岁了。 科学家们运用最新的年代确定技术很快获悉这一冰人已有大约5300岁了。他大约出生在公元前3300年，生活在欧洲的青铜器时代。起初科学家们认为他有可能在高山间打猎时出事故而身亡。然而最近的一些证据显示不同。新型的X光表明他的肩膀上仍有一个箭头，皮肤上只有一个小孔，但却导致内部损伤和失血。几乎可以肯定他死于这个伤，而不是脑后的伤口。这说明他有可能参与过战争。这场战争有可能是大型战争的一部分或者其间他和强盗博斗过，甚至他本人就可能是强盗。 通过研究他的衣服和工具，科学家们就已经知道有关冰人生活的时代的很多内容。我们有可能永远无法知道他死亡的真相，但是他给我们提供了了解那个远古时代的重要线索。 第5部分:补全短文 46(A [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上一句说到"他允许他们自己制定薪水，但会削减他认为不必要的，比如像接待员和秘书这样的工作"，而下一句应该解释这种做法的原因。选项A说明"这样可以减少开支，并给公司带来更多平等"，与上下文联系最紧密，因此选A。 47(C [解析]本题考查的是对段落主旨的理解和对文章细节的把握。本段主要讲semler如何改造公司的外表，而选项中只有C提到这方面的内容，"员工可以随意装饰自己的工作空间"放在这里是和前后两句话的并列。因此选C。 48(B [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上一句说到"但如果Semco在地球另一端的油泵坏了，上百万加仑的油即将注入大海时，Robin就会立刻跳起来行动"，下一句需要说到Robin怎样行动，因此选项B"他了解关于我们公司油泵的任何事情，并能修理"最符合题目要求。 49(F [解析]本题考查的是对段落主旨的理解和对文章细节的把握。这一段讲述了Semco给予员工的自由，而选项中只有F"Semco也允许员工用公司的机器做自己的项目，并且一年至少能休假30天"与此内容相关，因此选F。 50(E [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。上一句说到同伴的压力让员工努力为他人工作，而下一句应具体解释这种压力如何发挥作用。选项E"如果有人表现不好。其他人会制止这一局面"延续了这一句的内容。因此选E。 参考译文 Semeo Ricardo Semler 21岁就做了父亲在巴西的公司Semco的老板，该公司出售轮船部件。小semler是个工作狂，每天从早上七点半工作至深夜。一天下午，他在纽约参观工厂时晕倒了，治疗医生说:"你身体没有什么毛病，但你若一直这样工作，你会长期待在医院的。"semler听从了医生的话。他改变了自己的工作方式，事实上也改变了员工的工作方式。 他让员工担负更多责任，让他们为事情偏离轨道而担忧。他允许他们自己制定薪水，并且削减他认为不必要的，比如像接待员和秘书这样的工作。这样可以减少开支，并给公司带来更多平等。Semco的每个人，甚至高管都要自己接待客人、复印、发传真、打字和打电话。 他完全改造了semco:办公室没有墙，而是植物，因此老板不能与其他人隔开。员工可以随意装饰自己的工作空间。制服方面，则有人穿西装，有人穿体恤。 Semler说:"我们有个坐在那里看几个小时报纸的销售经理，叫Rubin Agater。他甚至不用去装着很忙碌的样子。但如果Semco在地球另一端的油泵坏了，上百万加仑的油即将注入大海时，Robin就会立刻跳起来行动。他了解关于我们公司油泵的任何事情，并能修理。那就是他挣工资的时候。别人并不关心其他时间他是否看上去忙忙碌碌。" Semco有弹性工作时间:员工自己决定什么时候来上班，并且一年要两次评估老板。Semco也允许员工用公司的机器做自己的项目，并且一年至少能休假30天。 听上去很好?但这一切都起作用了么?答案在数字中:在过去的六年里，Semco的收入从三千五百万美元上升到两亿一千二百万美元。公司员工数量从八百增长到三千。为什么会发生这一切? Semler认为这是因为"同伴的压力"。同伴的压力让员工努力为他人工作。如果有人表现不好，其他人会制止这一局面。换句话说，Ricardo semler给员工以成人的待遇，并希望他们有成人的行为。他们都做到了。 第6部分:完形填空 51(A[解析]release公布;suggest建议;accept接受;detect探测。根据下文内容，这里应该是"一个被肿瘤学年报在网上公布的信件"，因此选A。 52(A [解析]problem问题;g印间隙;sickness疾病;secret秘密。根据下文内容，这里应该是"失去指纹会带来多大麻烦"，因此选A。 53(B[解析]cut裁剪;treat治疗;find发现;smooth磨光。本句意思是"一个新加坡籍的医学博士描述了用卡培他滨治疗一位患鼻咽癌的62岁老人的经历"。因此选B。 54(D [解析]diet饮食;exercise锻炼;recovery康复;drug药品，最符合题意。本句意思是"经过这个药物三年的治疗后"。因此选D。 55(B [解析]介词for在这里指"持续……时间"。本句意思是"他被美国海关人员拦截了4小时之久"。因此选B。 56(D [解析]different不同的;strange奇怪的;interesting有趣的;distinctive独特的，最符合题意，指人手指上特有的旋涡状的指纹。本句意思是"因为在他的食指上没有独特的旋涡状的指纹标记"。因此选D。 57(B [解析]本题考查词组side effect副作用。Good好的;normal正常的;main主要的。本句意思是"药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑"。因此选B。 58(C[解析]however但是，表示转折;meanwhile同时;hence因此，后面可以直接跟名词而独立成句，如:I fell off my bike yesterday hence the bruises(我昨天骑自行车摔倒了，所以青一块、紫一块的;yet仍然，还。本句意思为"药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑，因此会没有指纹"。因此选C。 59(C [解析]chance机会;mark记号;loss消失;danger危险。本句的意思是"对于服用卡培他滨的病人来说，指纹何时会消失是不确定的"。因此选C。 60(C[解析]reporl报告;discourage使气馁;caution警告;praise赞美。本句意思是"所以他警告每位医师在给病人开药时要给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单"。因此选C。 61(A [解析]note票据，单子;name姓名;book书本;number数字。本句意思是"给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单"。因此选A。 62(C [解析]本句意思是"但是他同样要带有医师开的证明单--并且要随身携带"。因此只能选C，withour。 63(C[解析]本句需要选一个关系代词引导非限定定语从句，并做定语从句的主语，因此只能选C，which。本句意思是"美国食品和药物局已经准许这一药物的使用有11年之久了"。 64(C [解析]collect收集;copy模仿;associate联系;test测验。本句意思是"应该考虑更新与该药物有关的副作用清单"。 65(B [解析]本句是时间状语no w}lere提前构成的部分倒装句，谓语要由助动词does放在主语前。本句意思是"但是却没有提及失去指纹的潜在危险。"因此选B。 参考译文 指纹消失事件 一种非常有效的抗癌药物能够清除箩状指纹和其他使指纹与众不同的标志。失去指纹可是会有很大麻烦。一封被肿瘤学年报在网上公布的信件说明了失去指纹会带来多大麻烦。 Eng-Huat ran，一个新加坡籍的医学博士描述了用卡培他滨治疗一位患鼻咽癌的62岁老人的经历。经过这个药物三年的治疗后，这位病人去年十二月份决定去美国拜访亲戚。在他进入这个国家后，他被美国海关人员拦截了4小时之久，因为这些官员无法从他身上获取指纹。在他的食指上没有独特的旋涡状的指纹标记。 "美国海关数年以来一直都会采集来访外国人的指纹，"Tan说:"不幸的是，对于这位新加坡旅行者来说，药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑，因此会没有指纹。" "对于服用卡培他滨的病人来说，指纹何时会消失是不确定的，"Tan指出。所以他警告每位医师在给病人开药时要给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单。 最终，那位新加坡旅客终于进入了美国。我猜想他护照上的名字没有带有任何危险信号。但是他同样要带有医师开的证明单--并且要随身携带。 顺便提一下，美国食品药物管理局已经准许这一药物的使用有11年之久了，应该考虑更新与该药物有关的副作用清单。现有的副作用清单中确实列出病人会经历呕吐、胃痛和其他副作用，但是却没有提及失去指纹的潜在危险。 2009年度全国职称英语等级考试 理工类(B级) 试 题 第1部分:词汇选项(第1,15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 Would you please call my husband as soon as possible? A visit B phone C consult D invite 2 We had a long conversation about her parents. A speech B question C talk D debate 3 The chairman proposed that we stop the meeting. A stated B announced C demanded D suggested 4 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis. A lived on B depended on C believed in D joined in 5 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record. A beats B maintains C matches D tries 6 All the pupils seem to be very cheerful. A happy B healthy C naughty D busy 7 The traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floor. A laid B displayed C kept D stored 8 She stood there, shaking with fury. A misery B laughter C anger D cry 9 Mary evidently is the most diligent student among us A intelligent B beautiful C talkative D hardworking 10 Persistent attempts to interview Garbo were fruitless. A Forceful B Reasonable C Continuous D Firm 11 Why can't you stop your eternal complaining? A everlasting B long C temporary D boring 12 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. A shaken B damaged C fallen D jumped 13 These paintings are considered by many to be authentic. A faithful B royal C genuine D sincere 14 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. A attraction B simplicity C power D rigor 15 Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle A mist B fog C mystery D secret 第2部分:阅读判断(第16,22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供 的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没 有提及，请选择C。 Radiocarbon Dating Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳), or carbon-14, dating. One key to understanding how and by something happened is to discover when it happened. Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at he University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons(中子) and six neutrons (质子) in its nucleus. Carbon-14, or C-14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons (原子核). It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay (衰减). This process involves the loss of he extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus. In Libby's radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions (放 射) from his decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. he decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated. Carbon-14 is produced in the Earth's atmosphere when nitrogen (氮)-14, or N-14, interacts with cosmic rays (宇宙射线). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the mount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years. All life on Earth is made of organic molecules (分子) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues (组织). Once an organism (有机体) dies it tops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is. 16 Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The C-14 in an organism begins to decay when it dies A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23,30题，每题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23,26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1,4 段每段1选择个最佳标题;(2)第27,30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个 最佳选项。 Chimpanzees 1 Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) will soon be extinct (灭绝). If the present rate of hunting and habitat (栖息地) destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy (悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications (含意) for the survival of their distant relatives - human beings. 2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes (基因组) match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests, which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority (优先). But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. 3 The chimpanzees' trump card (王牌) comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians (兽医) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting. 4 For example, chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant. 5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing (找到) the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration (改变) of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach. 23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 A Reasons for HIV resistance B Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans C Effective AIDS treatment D Genetic similarities between chimps and humans E Chimps' resistance to HIV F Genetic differences between chimps and humans 27 Chimpanzee extinction may affect 28 There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and 29 Scientists suspect that genes.PlaY a significant role in protecting chimps from getting 30 The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to A some human disease treatments B some diseases C human survival D human genomes E key areas F healthier lifestyle 第4部分:阅读理解(第31,45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Water The second most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0? and boils at 100?. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range. The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans - about 97 per cent. The rest is fresh, but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fractional which is somewhat less than one per cent of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere. Water vapor in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation (循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated (蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist (潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans, and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers. 31 Liquid water only exists A in the center of the earth. B on the surface of our planet. C in a very narrow range of temperatures. D in the coastal areas of the earth. 32 The total quantity of water on Earth A remains almost unchanged. B has greatly increased in recent years. C is decreasing constantly. D is affected by global warming. 33 Most of the fresh water on Earth A is stored underground. B is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains. C is found in rivers and lakes. D comes from the rain. 34 The word "fraction" in the second paragraph means A a very small amount. B a large area. C an important system. D a major source of information 35 There is more of rainfall A over the mountains than over the rivers. B over the rivers than over the mountains C over the oceans than over the land. D over the land than over the oceans. 第二篇 Mind-reading Machine A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning (扫描) what's happening in their brains. When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons (神经元) are responsible for this processing. The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) (功能性磁振造影) brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at. Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize (使„显现) which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood - and therefore, which parts are working to process information. An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images. The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see. In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples. 36 What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? A The magnetic system in the brain. B The central part of the heart. C Oxygen-rich blood. D Neurons in the brain. 37 The function of an fMRI machine is A to show how neutrons take in oxygen-rich blood. B to measure how dense the blood is in the brain. C to record how much oxygen the brain consumes. D to identify which parts of the brain are processing information 38 The expression "highlighting the areas of the brain at work' in paragraph 5 means A giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information. B marking the parts of the brain that are processing information. C putting the parts of the brain to work. D preventing the parts of the brain from working. 39 The researchers experimented on A animals and objects. B fMRI machines. C two volunteers. D thousands of pictures. 40 Which of the following can best replace the title of the passage? A Recent Development in Science and Technology. B Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned. C A Technological Dream. D An Intelligent Robot. 第三篇 Youth Emancipation in Spain The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth. To coax (劝诱) young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation (解放)" program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious (不稳定 的) labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists (社会学家). Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding". "In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez. In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews (外侄/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. "A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist," said Jose Antonio G6mez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid. Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores (家务) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good. "His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well," Masso said. 41 The "Youth Emancipation" program aims at helping young people A fight for freedom. B live in an independent way. C fight against social injustice. D get rid of family responsibilities. 42 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in A Finland. B Greece. C Spain. D Italy. 43 Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT A parents' tolerance. B housing problems. C cultural traditions. D unwillingness to get married. 44 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso? A She is 60 years old. B She has a boyfriend. C She has three children. D She lives in Madrid. 45 The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by A tired of. B afraid of. C cautious about. D worried about. 第5部分:补全短文(第46,50题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其 分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Reduce Packaging Pressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign. (46) Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries. (47) When returned bottles are put in a vending machine (自动售货机), the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this. There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. (48) In response to a campaign by Britain's The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. (49) But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti-waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. (50) In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles. A In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. B This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying. C This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. D Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) for transporting its fresh produce. E The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. F If a product is over-packaged, don't buy it. 第6部分:完形填空(第51,55题，每题1分，共15分) 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。 Taking a Nap during the Day Medical experts say most Americans do not get enough sleep. They say more Americans need to (51) for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly (52) continuing with other activities. One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of (53) disease. The study followed more than 2,300 Greek adults (54) about six years. Adults who rested for half an hour at least three times a week had a 37 percent lower (55) of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap. Study organizers said the strongest (56) was in working men. They said naps might improve health by mitigating (减低) tension (57) by work. Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the idea of (58) for many years. They urge (催促) people to (59) work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces mistakes and accidents, and also (60) the amount of work a person can do. Sleep experts say it is likely that people (61) more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not carry out important duties (62) they feel sleepy. And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is all you (63) . Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your (64) until the end of the day. But experts (65) that a nap should last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be difficult. 51 A work B wait C live D rest 52 A between B before C besides D during 53 A heart B brain C mind D liver 54 A on B at C for D with 55 A risk B end C order D part 56 A view B argument C protest D evidence 57 A reduced B broken C caused D sensed 58 A napping B walking C working D learning 59 A repeat B improve C change D leave 60 A increases B corrects C repeats D realizes 61 A take B make C do D bring 62 A because B when C although D since 63 A forget B hope C need D admire 64 A position B pressure C demand D effectiveness 65 A warn B see C doubt D promise 【参考答案】 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 C 11 A 12 B 13 C 14 A 15 C 16 A 17 B 18 B 19 C 20 A 21 A 22 C 23 B 24 D 25 F 26 E 27 C 28 D 29 B 30 A 31 C 32 A 33 B 34 A 35 D 36 D 37 D 38 B 39 C 40 B 41 B 42 A 43 D 44 B 45 C 46 E 47 A 48 B 49 D 50 C 51 D 52 B 53 A 54 C 55 A 56 D 57 C 58 A 59 D 60 A 61 B 62 B 63 C 64 D 65 A 2008年全国职称英语等级考试 理工类(B级)试题 第1部分:词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 She found me very dull( A dirty B sleepy C lazy D boring 2 The President made a brief visit to Beijing( A short B working C formal D secret 3 He was persuaded to give up the idea( A mention B accept C consider D drop 4 Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day( A eats B drinks C buys D produces 5 Mary just told us a very fascinating story( A strange B frightening C difficult D interesting 6 It's a gorgeous day anyway. A lovely B cold C normal D rainy 7 Her life is becoming more diverse( A generous B humorous C varied D romantic 8 Foreign military aid was prolonging the war( A broadening B worsening C extending D accelerating 9 She was unwilling to go but she had no choice( A unable B indecisive C ready D reluctant 10 She is slender(with delicate wrists and ankles( A sick B weak C slim D pale 11 With immense relief(I stopped running( A some B enormous C little D extensive 12 The scientists began to accumulate data( A collect B handle C analyze D investigate 13 Jack eventually overtook the last truck( A hit B passed C reached D led 14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance( A possible B profitable C easy D wise 15 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle( A fact B mystery C statement D game 第2部分:阅读判断(第16,22题，每题l分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供 的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没 有提及，请选择C。 The Need to Remember Some people say they have no memory at all:"I just can't remember a thing!" But of course we all have a memory(Our memory tells us who we are(Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past( In fact we have different types of memory(For example, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places(Some people have such a strong visual memory，they can remember exactly what they have seen，for example，pages of a book，as a complete picture( Our verbal(言语的)memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written:items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates，or a recipe( With our emotional(情感的)memory，we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings(perhaps of happiness or unhappiness(We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound，and for performing physical movements( We have two ways of storing any of these memories(Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds—enough to remember a telephone number while we dial(Our long-term memory, On the other hand, may store items for a lifetime(Older people in fact have a much better long-term memory than short-term(They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago，but have the clearest remembrance(记 忆)of when they were very young( Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past，and that we invent the rest(It is as though we remember only the outline of a story(We then make up the details(We often do this in the way we want to remember them，usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past—or maybe victims needing sympathy(同情)( 16 Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to( A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 Visual memory may be used when we read a story( A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Verbal memory helps us read words we have never heard( A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements( A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 Animals do not have a long-term memory( A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory( A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 Generally we remember only a few facts about the past( A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23,30题，每题l分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23,26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,5 段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27,30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个 最佳选项。 The Supercomputer Network 1 Recently, ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked(Their computers have been connected so they can" talk" to each other(This may not seem very dramatic news，but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously( 2 The Internet is an interconnected(互联)system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information(The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network(This depends on the power that your system allows you to use(The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download(下载)files, how much data you can store，etc(If your computer is old and slow，accessing the information can be very difficult( 3 The new development in information technology has been called "the grid"(网 格技术)，and it will be a network of computers that are linked together。The "grid" will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer(Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer(The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations. 4 0ne advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The "grid" will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want(This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska( 5 The "grid" can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant(You can give your assistant a task and "he" will do it for you(The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the "grid" that happen to have ll you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait( the relevant information(A 6 At present, possible applications of the "grid" in scientific research are being explored(While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the "grid" could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly(Scientists working on "grid" projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years( 23 Paragraph 2 24 Paragraph 3 25 Paragraph 4 26 Paragraph 5 A How does the "grid" work? B Power shared C Just make a request D Limitations of present Internet use E Distance is not a problem F A new era for the Internet 27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access ( 28 The "grid" will enable you to get on your computer the power of in the world( 29 The "grid" would be like ，who can perform your tasks efficiently( 30 It is believed that the widespread use of the "grid" will become possible in the next . A the bigger computer stations B the advantage C ten years D information E your personal assistant F fifteen years 第4部分:阅读理解(第31,45题，每题3分，45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Sunspots It's not surprising that sunspots(太阳黑子)were observed by ancient astronomers(天文学家)(The largest sunspots on the sun can be seen without a telescope(It thwas not until the invention of the telescope(望远镜)in the early l7 century， however，that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken(The great astronomer Galileo was among the first to make telescopic observations of sunspots( Sunspots are regions of extremely strong magnetic fields(磁场)found on the sun's surface(A sunspot has a dark central core known as the umbra(The umbra is surrounded by a dark ring called the penumbra，where the magnetic field spreads outward(Sunspots appear dark because they are giving off less radiation(They are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface( Sunspots are frequently observed in pairs or in paired groups(The members of a spot pair are identified as the leading spot and the following spot(They are identified by their position in the pair in terms of the direction in which the sun rotates(旋转)( The number of sunspots at any one time varies(A large spot group may consist of as many as 10 groups and 300 spots across the sun(The number of spots changes in a fairly regular pattern called the sunspot cycle(The largest number occurs about every 11 years(At sunspot minimum，there are at most just a few small spots( The average lifetime of an individual spot group is roughly one solar rotation, which is about 25 days(The most persistent large spots, however, can survive for two to three months( 31 Careful observations and systematic studies of sunspots A were made by ancient astronomers( th B started in the early 17 century( C were made by Galileo only( D could be made without a telescope( 32 Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface because A they produce less energy( B they are buried in the sun( C they are far away from magnetic fields( D they are close to magnetic fields( 33 The leading spot and the following spot are the names of A two large sunspots( B a large spot and a small spot( C the two spots in a spot pair( D the central core and the ring around it( 34 If an intense sunspot activity had occurred in 1857, the next one would have been in A 1858( B 1862( C 1865( D 1868( 35 In the last paragraph the word "persistent" means A important( B effective( C enduring( D visible( 第二篇 Where Have All the Bees Gone? Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands(All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives(蜂巢)and never returning(Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse(群体瘫痪)disorder(It is reported that 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the US have vanished from their hives since last fall(So far, no one can explain why( Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat(As they feed，honeybees spread pollen(花粉)from flower to flower(Without this process，a plant can't produce seeds or fruits( Now，a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what's causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies(They hope to find out what's contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearance in the future( It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees(To explore that possibility，Jay Evans，a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)Bee Research Laboratory, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing(" We know what a healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease," he says(And bees from collapsing colonies don't look very healthy(" Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees, "Evans says(It may be that a parasite(寄生虫)is damaging the bees' digestive organs(Their immune(免疫的) systems may not be working as they should(Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies( Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops，says Jerry Hayes，chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture. Some studies，he says，suggest that a certain type of insecticide (杀虫剂)affects the honeybee's nervous system and memory." It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do," he says( If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse，bees' genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not(In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes(The more different genes a group has，the higher the group's genetic diversity(So far scientists haven't determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse，but it's a promising theory， says Evans( 36 What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain? A Honeybees are flying all across the country( B Half of the honeybees in the US have died( C Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return( D Honeybee hives are in disorder( 37 Researchers are seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder because A honeybees help produce one-third of the foods we eat( B parasites on bees may spread everywhere( C honeybees cannot find enough food elsewhere( D honeybees feed on flowers( 38 Which of the following is a possible cause of the colony-collapse disorder? A Population explosion( B Decreasing number of flowers around( C Genetically modified products( D Diseases and chemicals( 39 Which of the following explanations is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon? A Bee-keepers do not understand the honeybee's behavior( B A certain type of chemical destroys the honeybee's nervous system( C Honeybees are infected by unwanted insects( D Some crops are poisonous to the honeybees( 40 The word "diversity" in the last paragraph means A variety( B makeup( C disorder(D distinction( 第三篇 A Tale of Scottish Rural Life Lewis Grassic Gibbon's Sunset Song(1932)was voted "the best Scottish novel of all time" by Scotland's reading public in 2005(Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland's poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film，TV and radio in recent decades( The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War l(At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it( Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine (女主人公)(We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father; experience tragedy(her mother's suicide and murder of her twin children); and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman(We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again(Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man( But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris(It is truly a novel of a place and its people(Its opening section tells of Kinraddie's long history, in a language that imitates the place's changing patterns of speech and writing( The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents(It is told from Chris' point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody else's business and nothing is ever forgotten( everybody knows Sunset Song has a social theme too(It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War l(Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war(Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths(In particular，it takes away Chris' husband, Ewan Tavendale(The war finally kills Ewan, but not in the way his widow is told(In fact,the Germans aren't responsible for his death，but his own side(He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle( If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead(It is a " Sunset Song" but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new European world(Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story( 41 What is Sunset Song mainly about? A The First World War( B The beauty of the sunset( C The new European world( D The lives of rural Scottish farmers( 42 Which statement is NOT true of Chris? A She is the heroine, of Sunset Song( B She had a miserable childhood( C She is the creation of a man( D She married only once( 43 What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with? A The climate of Kinraddie( B The history of Kinraddie( C The geography of Kinraddie( D The language spoken in Kinraddie( 44 Who killed Chris' husband, Ewan? A His own troops( B The French army( C The Germans( D The Russian soldiers( 45 The word "Sunset" in the title of this novel most probably means A the end of the heroine's life( B the end of the story( C the end of the traditional way of life( D the end of the day( 第5部分:补全短文(第46,50题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将 其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Rising Tuition in the US Every Spring, US university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year's budget(They consider faculty salaries，utility costs for dormitories，new building needs and repairs to old ones(They run the numbers and conclude—it seems, inevitably—that，yet again，the cost of tuition must go up( According to the US's College Board，the price of attending a four-year private university in the US rose 81 percent between l993 and 2004( (46)In 2005 and 2006，the numbers continued to rise( According to university officials, college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks. "Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our revenue needs for each year," said the university's president， Dr BIII Brown("Student tuition pays for 78 percent of the university's operating costs("Brown's school is a private university that enrolls about 3,100 undergrads and is consistently recognized by annual college ranking guides like US News and World Report's and The Princeton Review's( (47) Tuition at private universities is set by administration officials and then sent for approval to the school's board of trustees(董事)( (48)This board oversees (监管) all of a state's public institutions( John Durham(assistant secretary to the board of trustees at East Carolina University(ECU)，explains that state law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free(Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education( (49)State residents attending ECU pay about US$10,000 for tuition， room and board before financial aid( Amid the news about continued increases in college costs，however，there is some Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in good news( financial aid at almost every university(To receive financial aid，US students complete a formal application with the federal government(The federal government then decides whether an applicant is eligible(有资格的)for grants or loans( (50) A The application is then sent to the student's university, where the school itself will decide whether free money will be given to the student and how much( B At public universities，however, tuition increases must also be approved by a State education committee, sometimes called the board of governors( C The school currently charges US$23,410 a year for tuition( D Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food( E That's more than double the rate of inflation( F The state government covers the rest( 第6部分:完形填空(第51,65题，每题1分，共15分) 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Paper or Plastic ? Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay，and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water(They have made their (51)into local waterways and, from there，into the bay，where they can (52)wildlife(Piles of them show up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)and on city streets(Plastic bags also take an environmental toll(代价)in the (53)of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them( Enter Annapolis and you will see plastic bags (54)free in department stores and supermarkets(Alderman(市议员)Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning (55)to ban retailers from distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland's capital(Instead, retailers would be required to (56)bags made of recycled paper and to sell reusable bags(The city of Baltimore is (57)a similar measure(Opponents of the (58)，however, argue that paper bags are harmful, too: They cost more to make, they (59)more resources to transport, and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic(The argument for depriving Annapolis residents (60)their plastic bags is far from accepted(Everyone in this (61)is right about one thing:Disposable shopping bags Of any type are wasteful，and the best outcome would be for customers to (62)bags instead(Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand out free, reusable shopping bags to city residents, a proposal that can proceed (63)of whether other bags are banned(A less-expensive alternative would be to encourage retailers to give (64)to customers who bring their own reusable bags(And this policy would be more (65)if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer(超大零售商)Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter(A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags is not the answer( 51 A difference B point C progress D way 52 A harm B help C keep D protect 53 A light B form C time D place 54 A dropped B packed C put D distributed 55 A proposal B service C system D change 56 A open B fill C offer D hold 57 A getting B considering C replacing D improving 58 A idea B effect C technology D behavior 59 A limit B provide C destroy D consume 60 A from B with C of D in 61 A debate B organization C project D program 62 A reform B reuse C repair D reduce 63 A instead B because C regardless D careless 64 A examples B instructions C discounts D receipts 65 A impressive B effective C formal D typical 2008年全国职称英语等级考试试题 理工类(B级)参考答案 1(D 2(A 3(D 4(A 5(D 6(A 7(C 8(C 9(D l0(C 11(B 12(A 13(B 14(D 15(B 16(A l7(A l8(B l9(B 20(C 21(C 22(A 23(D 24(F 25(E 26(A 27(D 28(A 29(E 30(C 31(B 32(A 33(C 34(D 35(C 36(C 37(A 38(D 39(B 40(A 41(D 42(D 43(B 44(A 45(C 46(E 47(C 48(B 49(F 50(A 51(D 52(A 53(B 54(D 55(A 56(C 57(B 58(A 59(D 60(C 61(A 62(B 63(C 64(C 65(B 其中: 1—30每题l分; 31—5每题3分; 46—50每题2分; 51—65每题l分。 试卷满分:100分。 2007年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷 英 语 (理工类B级) 第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.I have been trying to quit smoking. A.give up B.pick up C.build up D.take up 2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw. A.moved B.touched C.surprised D.worried 3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain. A.question B.problem C.title D.topic 4.This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language. A.particular B.characteristic C.remarkable D.idiomatic 5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job. A.simply B.almost C.totally D.completely 6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears. A.stem B.rely C.develop D.grow 7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others. A.easy B.possible C.likely D.difficult 8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days. A.possibility B.necessity C.ability D.probability 9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills. A.beautiful B.stretching C.spreading D.rolling 10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps. A.loads B.layers C.pyramids D.piles 11.The news will horrify everyone. A.attract B.terrify C.tempt D.excite 12.The article sketched the major events of the decade. A.described B.offered C.outlined D.presented 13.I won't tolerate that kind of behavior. A.bear B.receive C.admit D.take 14.Their style of playing football is utterly different. A.barely B.scarcely C.hardly D.totally 15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job. A.advised B.caused C.forced D.promised 第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题，第题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C. Black Holes Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere (球体).Astronomers(天文学家)think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite (无限的)density(稠密).This single point is called a singularity (奇点).If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity. Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons. ? No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to a telescope. ? In astronomical terms,black holes are truly.For example,a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon(视界)only 18 miles across. ? The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light year is about 6 trillion(万亿)miles.Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance. In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe. 16.Black holes are part of space. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 17.Black holes exist but are difficult to observe. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 18.The center of a black hole is empty. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 19.The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 20.The sun is the heaviest star in the universe. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 21.The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 22.The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段 每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最 佳选项。 Memory Test 1"I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school,"promised lecturer lan Robinson to a hundred schoolchildren.He slapped his hand down on the table."When I've finished in two hours' time,your work will be far more effective and productive.Anyone not interested,leave now."The entire room sat still. 2Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician (魔术师).He specializes in doing magic tricks that look totally impossible,and then he reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery (骗术)."I have always been interested in tricks involving memory-being able to reel off (一口气 说出) the order of cards in a pack,that sort of thing,"he explains. 3Robinson was already lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable."It wasn't difficult area to move inot,as the stuff's all there in books."So he summarized everything to make a two-hour lecture about five techniques. 4"You want to learn a list of a hundred things?A thousand?No problem,"says Robinson.The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from the beginning of their school life.The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant."I wish I'd been told this earlier,"commented Mark,after Robinson had shown them how to construct"mental journeys". 5Essentially,you visualize (想象) a walk down a street,or a trip round a room,and pick the points where you will put the things you want to remember-the lamppost,the fruit bowl.Then in each location you put a visual representation of your list-phrasal verbs,historical dates,whatever-making them as strange as possible.It is that simple,and it works. 6The reaction of schools has been uniformly enthusiastic."The pupils benefited enormously from lan's presentation,"says Dr Johnston,head of the school where Robinson was speaking."ldeally we should run a regular class in memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually." 23.Paragraph 2 . 24.Paragraph 3 . 25.Paragraph 4 . 26.Paragraph 5 . A Good results B An ancient skill C Gaining attention D Memory tricks E A lecture on memory techniques F Ways to improve memory 27.The memory techniques used are no more complex than the old. 28.Robinson taught children to use"mental journeys"to improve. 29.Robinson told the pupils that all the memory techniques could be found in. 30.The schoolchildren got a lot from the magician's. A books B lecture C tricks D facts E memory Flist 第4部分:阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Renewable Energy Sources Today petroleum(石油)provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles.Coal is still used,mostly in power stations,to cover one-quarter of our energy needs,but it is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel(矿物 燃料).Natural gas reserves could fill some of the gap from oil,but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either.Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years.Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution."Renewable"refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced. Hydroelectric(水力发电的)power is now the most common form of renewable energy,supplying around 20% of world electricity.China's Three Gorges Dam is the largest ever.At five times the size of the US's Hoover Dam,its 26 turbines(涡轮机)will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations.It will satisfy 3% of China's entire electricity demand. In 2003,the first commercial power station to use tidal(潮汐的)currents in the open sea opened in Norway.It is designed like windmill(风车),but others take the form of turbines. As prices fall,wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation-quadrupling(翻两番)worldwide between 1999 and 2005.Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity.Though it will be more expensive,there is more than enough wind to provide the world's entire energy needs.Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms.They can often end up at spots of natural beauty,and are often unpopular with residents.And turbines are not totally harmless-they can interfere with radar,alter climate and kill sea birds.Scotland is building Europe's largest wind farm,which will power 200,000 homes.The UK's goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources,mainly wind,by 2020.But this may cause problems,because wind is unreliable. 31.According to the passage,which of the following is the most polluting energy resource? A.Petroleum. B.Coal. C.Natural gas D.Water. 32.China's Three Gorges Dam A.is the first hydroelectric dam in the world. B.is of the same size as the US's Hoover Dam. C.can generate around 3% of world electricity. D.is the largest hydroelectric dam in the world. 33.Which country took the lead in making use of tidal currents to produce power in 2003? A.The UK. B.China. C.Norway. D.The US. 34.One of the problems with wind farms is that A.there is not enough wind. B.wind is not reliable. C.they can only be built on the sea. D.they might influence the world economy. 35.According to the passage,resources like wind are A.renewable. B.recyclable. C.damaging. D.scarce. 第二篇 Hurricane(飓风)Katrina A hurricane is a fiercely powerful,rotating(旋转的)form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter.The term hurricane is derived from Hurican,the name of a native American storm god.Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter,known as the eye.They occur in tropical regions.Over its lifetime,one of these can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs. The seed for hurricane formation is a cluster(聚集)of thunderstoms over warm tropical waters.Hurricanes can only form and be fed when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27? and the surrounding atmosphere is calm.These requirements are met between June and November in the northern part of the world. Under these conditions,large quantities of water evaporate(蒸发)and condense(冷凝)into clouds and rain-releasing heat in the process.It is this heat energy,combined with the rotation of the Earth,that drives a hurricane. When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise,it causes an area of low pressure.This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area.This spinning wind drags up more moist air from the sea surface in a process that strengthens the storm.Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye and on the outside of the storm. Initially,when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour,these mild,wet and grey weather systems are known as depressions,or low air pressure.Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005.Katrina has had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US,leaving a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake(尾迹)-almost the size of the UK.Thousands have been killed or injured and more than half a million people have become homeless in a humanitarian(人道主义的)crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the Great Depression.The cost of the damage may top $100 billion. 36.The eye of a hurricane refers to its A.lower part. B.rotating part. C.calm central part. D.most violent part. 37.Which of the following is NOT a "requirement"for the formation of a hurricane? A.Calm surrounding atmosphere. B.High air pressure. C.Warm sea-surface temperature. D.A group of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. 38.When the warm air from the sea surface begins to rise,it A.creates an area of low pressure. B.supplies cold air to the eye of a hurricane. C.increases the sea-surface temperature. D.strengthens the rotation of the earth. 39.The word"impact"(paragragh 5)could be best replaced by A."function". B."pressure". C."disaster". D."effect". 40.Which of the following is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph? A.The area affected is almost as big as the UK. B.It has left a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles. C.Over half a million people have been forced to leave their homes. D.This crisis is more serious than that of the Great Depression. 第三篇 Trying to Find a Parther One of the most striking findings of a recent poll in the UK is that of the people inbterviewed,one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with. Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships?Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love?Or are we making it harder for ourselves? It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesn't expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children. But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence. In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago,your choice of soulmate (心上人) was constrained(限制) by geography,social convention and family tradition.Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially arranged. Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening.When the world is your oyster (牡蛎),you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl. But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice. The expectations of partners are inflated(提高) to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression. We think that a relationship can be perfect.If it isn't,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership. 41.What does the recent poll show? A.It is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband. B.It is getting increasingly difficult to start a familyl. C.It is getting more difficult for a man to find his wife. D.It is getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse. 42.Which of the following is NOT true about a contemporary married couple? A.The wife doesn't have to raise the children all by herself. B.The husband doesn't have to support the family all by himself. C.The wife is, no l, onger the only person to manage the household. D.They will receive a large sum of money from the govemment. 43.Which of the following was NOT a constraint on one's choice of soulmate in the old days? A.The health condition of his or her grandmother. B.The geographical environment. C.The social convention. D.The family tradition. 44.Which of the following is NOT expected of a partner according to this passage? A.Good looks. B.An impressive career. C.A high salary. D.A fine sense of humor. 45.The word"sustain"(paragraph 2)could be best replaced by A."reduce". B."shake". C."maintain". D."weaken". 第5部分:补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其 分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 A Heroic Woman The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero,Ashley Smith,with the Federal Bureau of lnvestigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind. (46)She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta,Georgia early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side."I started walking to my door,and I felt really,really afraid,"she said in a TV interview last week.The man was Brian Nichols,33.He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta courthouse(法院)on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent.(47) Nichols tied Smith up with tape,but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life."I told him if he hurt me,my little girl wouldn't have a mummy,"she said.In order to calm the man down,she read to him from"The Purpose-Driven Life",a best-selling religious book.He asked her to repeat a paragraph"about what you thought your purpose in life was-what talents were you given."(48) "I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,"Smith said. Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her."He said he thought I was an angel sent from God,and we were Christian sister and brogher,"she said."And that he was lost,and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of peopole."(49)She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage(报道)of the police hunt for him."I cannot believe that's me,"Nichols told the woman.Then,Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do.She said,"I think you should turn yourself in.If you don't,lots more people are going to get hurt." Eventually,he let her go.(50)A US$60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols' capture.Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible(有资格的)for that money. A The local police were searching for him. B Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter. C Smith tried very hard to kill Nichols. D She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave. E And the two of them discussed this topic. F Then she called the police. 第6部分:完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分) 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Walk a Quarter-Mile or Die If you can walk a quarter-mile,odds(可能性)are you have at least six years of life left in you,scientists say.And the faster you can(51)it,the longer you might live. While walking is no guarantee of(52)or longevity(长寿),a new study found that the ability of elderly people to do the quarter-mile was an"important determinant(决定因素)"in whether or not they'd be(53)six years later and how much illness and disability they would endure. "The(54)to complete this walk was a powerful predictor of health outcomes,"said study leader Anne Newman of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine."In fact,we(55)that the people who could not complete the walk were(56)an extremely high risk of later disability and death." Newman and colleagues recruited nearly 2,700 white and African-American men and women aged 70 to 79 to(57)the walk.All the participants were screened and determined to be in relatively(58)health,and they had all said they had previously walked that far with no(59).Only 86 percent of them finished,(60). The scientists then monitored the health and mortality of all(61)for the next six years."There was a big gap in health outcomes(62)people who could complete the longer walk and people who could not,with the latter being at an extremely high(63)of becoming disabled or dying,"Newman said."What was really surprising is that these people were not(64)of how weak they actually were." Finishing times were found to be crucial,too.Those who completed the walk but were among the slowest 25 percent(65)three times greater risk of death than the speedier folks. 51.A.takeB.doC.jumpD.run 52.A.healthB.safetyC.peaceD.fun 53.A.oldB.effectiveC.alikeD.alive 54.A.taskB.standardC.abilityD.subject 55.A.foundB.doubtedC.suspectedD.studied 56.A.inB.atC.ofD.with 57.A.competeB.loseC.completeD.win 58.A.goodB.mentalC.physicalD.psychological 59.A.questionB.problemC.answerD.solution 60.A.henceB.moreoverC.howeverD.so 61.A.participantsB.activistsC.colleaguesD.athletes 62.A.forB.onC.amongD.between 63.A.numberB.gradeC.riskD.standard 64.A.sureB.freeC.stupidD.aware 65.A.increasedB.facedC.carriedD.avoided 2007年度职称外语等级考试标准答案 英语 理工类A卷(B级) 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.A 16.A 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.C 21.B 22.A 23.D 24.E 25.A 26.F 27.C 28.E 29.A 30.B 31.B 32.D 33.C 34.B 35.A 36.C 37.B 38.A 39.D 40.D 41.B 42.D 43.A 44.D 45.C 46.B 47.A 48.E 49.D 50.F 51.B 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.A 56.B 57.C 58.A 59.B 60.C 61.A 62.D 63.C 64.D 65.B 2006年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷 英语 理工类B级 (B卷) 中华人民共和国人事部 人事考试中心制 网址:www.cpta.com.cn 二00六年三月 应 考 人 员 注 意 事 项 1.本试卷代码为“111”，请将此代码填涂在答题卡“试卷代码”相应的栏目内;否则，无法评分。 2.请将工作单位、姓名、准考证号分别填写在试卷和答题卡相应的位置上。 3.全卷65题，连续编号，共100分。请按题号在答题卡上将所选 选 项对应的字母用2B铅笔涂黑。 在试卷上作答无效。 第1部分:词汇选项(第1,15题，每 题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接 近选项。 1 She was close to success A fast B quick C tight D near 2 The two girls look alike A similar B beautiful C pretty D attractive 3 The boy is intelligent A naughty B clever C difficult D active 4 Everybody was glad to see Mary back A sorry B sad C happy D angry 5 What is your glad in life? A aim B plan C arrangement D idea 6 Jack is a diligent student A ambitious B hardworking C lazy D slow 7 Mary said mildly that she was just curious. A shyly B gently C weakly D wildly 8 Practically all animals communicate through sounds A Almost B Clearly C Absolutely D Basically 9 The story was very touching. A inspiring B boring C absorbing D moving 10 I wasn't qualified for the job really, but I got it anyhow A anyway B somehow C anywhere D somewhere 11 She was a puzzle A girl B woman C mystery D problem 12 Her speciality is heart surgery. A region B site C platform D field 13 France has kept intimate links with its former African territories. A private B friendly C strong D secret 14 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly. A mixed B spread C beaten D covered 15 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. A destroyed B broke C changed D smashed 第2部分:阅读判断(第16,22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提 供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中 没有提及，请选择C。 Earthquake How does an earthquake start? What makes an earthquake happen? The rock of the earth's crust (地壳) may have a fault', a kind of break in the surface. The blocks which make up the earth move, and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways (纵向地) against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force, a lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations (振 动) and it is these vibrations that we reef as an earthquake. The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece. What to do during an earthquake? At school As soon as the earthquake starts, students should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. The teacher should, at the same time, go immediately to the teacher's desk, get underneath (在„„下 面) it and stay there till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions. As soon as the tremors (震动) stop, all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park. They must wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go. At home If you are at home when the earthquake occurs, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find. You must not go anywhere near the window and don't go out onto the balcony (阳台). Once the tremors have stopped, you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building straight away. You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift - there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for hours. In the street If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place, do not stand near buildings, fences or walls -- move away as quickly as possible arid try to find a large open space to wait in. Standing under trees could also be dangerous. 16 People knew long ago how an earthquake starts A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 Thousands of people were killed during an earthquake in Turkey. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 As soon as an earthquake occurs, students should leave the building A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Students should go to the school playground or an open space once the tremors stop. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 If you are at home when an earthquake occurs, stand near a big table A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The best way to leave the building during an earthquake is to get into a lift A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 If you are in the street when an earthquake occurs, stay in a large open space A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23,30题，每 题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23,26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,5 段每段1选择个最佳标题;(2)第27,30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个 最佳选项。 The Science of Sport 1 At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast. 2 Record-breaking in all track events is slowing down and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds? 3 Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance. 4 Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯 硫磷脂) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance. 5 But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (相象) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice. 6 But as science, begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge? What's more, are all these advantages fair? 23 Paragraph 2 24 Paragraph 3 25 Paragraph 4 26 Paragraph 5 A Science may be too important today. B Sports equipment has been improved a lot. C Athletes are still breaking records. D Sport science helps improve athletes' performances. E Mental training is as important as physical training. F Different sports require different training programs. 27 It is more difficult for today's athletes . 28 We don't know if there is a limit . 29 Research has helped coaches . 30 Scientific advances are suspected . A to break records B to better understand the athlete's body and mind C to time and space D to be replacing the sporting challenge E to human performance F to avoid psychological techniques 第4部分:阅读理解(第31,45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。 Recycling Around the World Recycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century. But we could do more. People must not see recycling .as fashionable, but essential. The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country. They do not have much space. They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish. But even so, Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present. In 1996, the United States recycled and composted (制成肥料)57 million tons of waste (27% of the nation's solid waste). This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators (焚化炉). In doing this, 7,000 rubbish collection programmes and recycling centres helped the authorities. In Rockford, a city in Illinois, US, its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage (废物). If the garbage does not contain any newspapers or aluminium (铝) cans, then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least $1,000. In Japan, certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers. In one year Britain recycles: ? 1 out of every 3 newspapers. ? 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars (罐子). ? 1 out of every 4 items of clothing. ? 1 out of every 3 aluminium drink cans. In 1999, Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535,000 tons of waste were recycled in Hong Kong itself. Over half the things we throw away could be recycled. That means we could recycle 10 times as much as we do now. However, recycling needs a lot of organisation and special equipment. Also, there is not much use for some recycled material. 31 Which of the following is NOT true of the Japanese? A They live in a crowded country. B They have recycled all their waste. C They are very good at recycling. D They have to share their limited space with rubbish 32 How much waste did the US recycle in 1996? A 1.3 million tons. B 27 million tons. C 57 million tons. D 53 million tons. 33 Where can people get a big prize for contributing to recycling? A Rockford. B Tokyo. C Hong Kong. D London. 34 In Japan, the newspapers collected by children A are given to poor people. B are used as reading materials. C are used as prizes. D are recycled. 35 Which of the following is NOT true of Britain? A It recycles 1 out of every 3 newspapers each year. B It recycles 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars each year C It recycles 1 out of every 3 aluminium cans each year. D It recycles 1 out of every 4 items of clothing each year. 第二篇 Walking Robot Carries a Person The first walking robot capable of carrying a person unveiled on Friday in Tokyo, Japan. Its creators at Waseda University in Tokyo and the Japanese robotics company Tmsuk hope their two-legged creation will one day enable wheel-chair users to climb up and down the stairs and assist the movement of heavy goods over uneven ground. The battery-powered robot, code-named WL-16, is essentially an aluminium chair mounted on two sets of telescopic poles. The poles are bolted to flat plates which act as feet. WL-16 uses 12 actuators (传动装置) to move forwards, backwards and sideways while carrying an adult weighing up to 60 kilograms (130 pounds). The robot can adjust its body and walk smoothly even if the person it is carrying shifts in the chair. At present it can only step up or down a few millimeters, but the, team plans to make it capable of dealing with a normal flight of stairs. I believe this bipedal (两足的) robot, which I prefer to call a two-legged walking chair rather than a wheel-chair, will eventually enable people to go up and down the stairs," said Atsuo Takanishi, from Waseda University. "We have had strong robots for some time but usually they have been manipulators, they have not been geared to carrying people around," says Ron Arkin, at the Georgia Institute of Technology and robotics consultant for Sony. "But I don't know how safe and how user-friendly WL-16 is." Tmsuk chief executive Yoichi Takamoto argues that bipedal or multi-legged robots will be more useful than so-called "caterpillar (毛毛虫) models" for moving over uneven ground. WL-16's normal walking step measures 30 centimetres, but it can stretch its legs to 136 cm apart. The prototype (原型) is currently radio-controlled, but the research team plans to equip it with a stick-like controller for the user in future. Takanishi said it will take "at least two years" to develop the WL-16 prototype into a working model. Smaller, ground-hugging (紧贴地面行走的) robots have been developed to pass across tricky ground. One maggot-like (像蛆一样的) device uses a magnetic fluid to pulse its way along, while another snake-like robot uses smart software to devise new movement strategies if the landscape affects any one part. One ball-shaped robot even uses a leap-and-bounce approach to travel over rough territory. But none of these are big or strong enough to carry a person too. 36 The robot presented to the public on Friday in Tokyo, Japan A surprised visitors from Waseda University. B can move up to 60 kilometres per hour. C can transport heavy goods over uneven ground D has two legs and is able to carry a person. 37 The researchers plan to make WL-16 capable of A moving up and down the stairs easily. B turning its head easily. C using a telescope to find the way. D carrying a person of over 60 kilograms. 38 What does Ron Arkin think of WL-16? A He doesn't think it is useful. B He thinks it is only a manipulator. C He thinks it is user-friendly. D He is unsure of its safety. 39 Which of the following is true of WL-16? A It can only move forwards and backwards. B It is a caterpillar model. C It can walk with a step of up to 136 cm. D It is equipped with a stick-like controller. 40 Which type of robot is NOI mentioned in the last paragraph? A Maggot-like robots. B Snake-like robots. C Ball-shaped robots. D Chair-shaped robots. 第三篇 Is the Tie a Necessity? Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties? Maybe. Last week, the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. Fie hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives. In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities (知名人士) without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past. For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion. But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions. The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a "band". The term could mean anything around a man's neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear (颈饰) impressed Charles II, the king of England who was exiled (流放) to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion item along with him. It wasn't, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored arid patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen. But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood. 41 The tie symbolizes all of tile following except A respect. B elegance. C democracy. D politeness. 42 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie? A Because he wants to make a show. B Because he wants to attract attention. C Because he wants to live in a casual way. D Because ties are costly. 43 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion? A Going to church. B Going to work in the office. C Going to a party. D Staying at home. 44 Who brought the Frenchmen's neckwear to Britain? A Charles ii. B Tony Blair. C Jim Callaghan. D Andrew Turnbull. 45 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly? A In the 1630s. B After the late 19th century. C In 1660. D In the late 18th century. 第5部分:补全短文(第46,50题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其 分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Female Bullfighting It was a unique, eye-catching sight: an attractive woman in a shiny bullfighter's suit, sword in hand, facing the sharp horns of a black, 500-kilogram beast. Most people thought the days of female bullfighting were over in Spain (46) The first woman fighter, Cristina Sanchez, quit in 1999 because of male discrimination (歧视), But Vega is determined to break into what could be Spain's most resistant male field (47) Spanish women have conquered almost all male professions. (48) "The bull does not ask for your identity card," she said in an interview a few years ago. She insisted that she be judged for her skills rather than her femaleness. Vega became a matador (斗牛士) in 1997 in the southwestern city of Caceres. (49) She entered a bullfighting school in Malaga at age nine and performed her first major bullfight at age 14. She has faced as much opposition as Sanchez did. And the "difficulties have made her grow into a very strong bullfighter," her brother Jorge says. The 1.68-metre tall and somewhat shy Vega says her love of bullfighting does not make her any less of a woman. (50) A Her father was an aspiring (有雄心壮志的) bullfighter. B But many bullfighting professionals continue to insist that women do not have what it takes to perform the country's "national show". C "I'm a woman from head to toe and proud of it," she once said D She looks like a male bullfighter E But recently, 29-year-old Marl Paz Vega became the second woman in Spanish history to fight against those heavy animals F She intends to become even better than Sanchez was. 第6部分:完形填空(第51,65题，每题1分，共15分) 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 High-Tech Warfare (战争) Today, high-tech warfare is no longer an abstract concept, but a real issue. Technology (51) tactics, sociology, and the development of weaponry (武器). It also causes the changes in battles. Then what are the new characteristics of modern battles (52) by the application of high technologies? High4ech warfare naturally includes high technology. In modern battles, a single kind of weapon can hardly be (53). Various weaponry, such as intelligence detection and information processing, should (54) well with each other. Aerial (航空的) weaponry becomes the main force in battles in the sky. Precision homing (精确自导) weaponry like cruise missiles and missiles (55) satellite homing systems becomes the main attack weapons. Battle control systems play a dominant role. Various weapons and logistics (后 勤) systems are (56) into a comprehensive framework, centrally representing the modern high4ech weaponry. Depending on various (57) equipment and means in electronic warfare, our army will not be passively beaten. (58) the battlefield, high-tech warfare has created a type of non-linear (非线性的) chaos. Because of the use of long-range precision weaponry, the opposite parties in warfare can't "touch" or "see" each other, and distance is no longer the decisive factor affecting the (59) of battles, it is hard to clearly define the lines between the frontier and the rear, as well as attack and defense. The traditional three-dimensional air-sea battlefield will be (60) by the multi-dimensional battlefield composed of air, sea, magnetic, electrical and information battlefields. No large-scale movements can be conducted (61). Because modern weaponry systems are closely related to chains of demand and communication and electronic technology, the parties (62) have to pay attention to the usufruct (使用权) and control of electromagnetic frequency spectrum. So electronic warfare becomes (63) important and the necessary guarantee of victory. Whatever (64) warfare goes to and whatever cloak (宽大外衣) it wears, it always violates peace and brings the world bloodshed (流血). Most people think of high technology as a (65) to enhance, e their lives, and they don't wish it to be used to destroy lives. 51 A uses B adopts C selects D determines 52 A processed B brought C studied D shared 53 A effective B active C protective D descriptive 54 A play B develop C work D know 55 A with B on C under D of 56 A conducted B separated C coded D integrated 57 A heavy B advanced C common D standard 58 A In spite of B In terms of C Because of D Regardless of 59 A address B space C scene D course 60 A replaced B repeated C rejected D recovered 61 A physically B immensely C secretly D thoroughly 62 A informed B involved C collected D caught 63 A equally B interestingly C possibly D increasingly 64 A stage B form C effect D source 65 A rule B direction C way D track 2006年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷 英语,理工类(B级)B卷 〒参考答案〒 1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 B 8 A 9 D 10 A 11 C 12 D 13 B 14 A 15 C 16 C 17 C 18 B 19 A 20 B 21 B 22 A 23 C 24 D 25 F 26 E 27 A 28 E 29 B 30 D 31 B 32 C 33 A 34 D 35 C 36 D 37 A 38 D 39 C 40 D 41 C 42 C 43 D 44 A 45 B 46 E 47 F 48 B 49 A 50 C 51 D 52 B 53 A 54 C 55 A 56 D 57 B 58 B 59 D 60 A 61 C 62 B 63 D 64 A 65 C 其中: 1,30每题1分; 31,45每题3分; 46,50每题2分; 51,65每题1分。 试卷总分:100分。