大学英语-大学四级模拟540

大学英语-大学四级模拟540 大学四级模拟540 Part ? Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Changing Criteria for Judging a Good Student. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below. 1、Changing Criteria for Judging a Good Student 1(以往判断一个好学生的标准; 2(现今判断一个好学生的标准发生了哪些变化; 3(这些变化是符合社会要求的。 Part ? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES ) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO ) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. First Aid for Animal Bites Risks of Bites The most common animal bites in the United States are from dogs, cats and other humans in that order. Less common, but often more dangerous, are bites from skunks, raccoons, bats and other animals that live in the wild. The health risk of a bite depends on the animal and how severe the bite is. Risks include: ? Rabies (狂犬病)—a serious and often fatal viral infection of the central nervous system. The virus is transmitted to human through the saliva(口水)of the infected animals. (Only warm-blooded animals can carry rabies. ) ? Poison—from the snakes; from the spiders--the worst ones being black widows, tarantulas and the brown recluse. ? Bleeding ? Infection ? Lyme (莱姆关节炎) Disease—a bacterial infection spread by deer tick(扁 虱) bites. ? Lockjaw (破伤风)—painful, persistent stiffness of the jaw due to poison which can be prevented with up-to-date immunizations. Bites Prevention People should be careful When you find that animals have the following symptoms: ? Strange behavior such as activity by day for animals that are normally active by night. ? Agitation, lack of fear of humans. ? Foaming at the mouth. ? Never leave a small child alone with a dog or cat, even if it's a puppy or kitten. Teething as well as excited pets have been known to bite. ? Teach children not to tease an animal. Tell them not to wave sticks, throw stones or pull a tail. ? Do not move suddenly or scream around an animal. Don' t rush up to a dog until you know for sure that it is friendly. Sudden movements and loud noises can scare animals and cause them to attack. ? leave pet dogs and cats alone while they are eating or sleeping. ? Do not feed wild animals with your hands. ? Do not pick up a sick or injured animal. ? Do not nm from a strange dog. ? Do not keep wild animals as pets. ? Wear heavy boots when walking in areas where snakes live. ? Wear long pants tucked into socks and long-sleeve shirts when walking through fields and forests, when camping, hiking and the like. (Light colored, tightly woven clothing is best. ) ? Inspect for ticks after these activities. Questions to Ask Is the Skin severely mangled(撕裂)by the animal bite or has the face been bitten? Control bleeding if it is severe. Apply direct pressure on the wound and elevate the wounded area higher than the heart. Does the person show signs of shock? These include: ? Pale or bluish lips, skin or fingernails ? Cool, moist skin ? Rapid or slow heart beat and/or breathing ? Weakness, trembling ? Restlessness, anxiety, confusion ? Enlarged pupils ? Vomiting Has the victim been bitten by a snake known to be poisonous or are you unsure whether or not the snake is poisonous? ? Carefully move the victim (or yourself) away from the snake. Carry the victim if necessary. ? Calm the victim and have the victim rest as much as possible. Moving about can help the venom(毒液) spread. ? Gently wash the bite area with soap and water. ? Keep the limb of the bite site level with or just below the level of the heart. ? Apply a batten to the limb of the bite site to keep it from moving. ? Apply cold or ice to the bite ? Cut the fang(毒牙)mark ? Try to suck out the venom ? Apply a tourniquet (止血带) or a bandage Has the victim been bitten by a spider known to be poisonous or are you unsure whether or not the spider is poisonous? Are any of these symptoms present? ? Tiny red bite marks, swelling at bite site ? A dull, numbing pain in the area of the bite ? Painful cramps (抽筋) and muscle stiffness in the abdomen or shoulders, chest and back ? Vomiting ? Restless, dizziness, problems with breathing, convulsions ? Fever, chills, heavy sweating ? Get first aid before emergency care ? Perform rescue breathing, if needed. ? If you can, keep the bitten area lower than the rest of the body. ? Calm the victim and keep him or her warm. ? Gently clean the site of the bite with soap and water or robbing alcohol. ? Put an ice pack over the bite site for pain relief. If you can, catch the spider in a closed container for identification. First Aid Before Seeing Doctor If bleeding is not severe, let the wound bleed, then wash the area with soap and water. Water wash for 10 minutes. Is the animal wild or a pet that has not been immunized against rabies? Are there any signs of infection 24 hours or more after the animal bite? These include: ? Fever ? Severe swelling ? Redness ? Wash the bite area immediately with soap and warm water for 5 minutes to remove any saliva and other debris(碎片). If the bite is deep, flush the wound with water for ten minutes to protect against infection. ? Dry the wound with a clean towel. ? If the wound is swollen, apply ice wrapped in a towel for ten minutes. ? Check your records or call your doctor or health department to see the date of the last tetanus shot(破伤风注射). Have the victim get a tetanus shot if not up-to-date. ? If the bite hurts, take acetaminophen(解热镇痛药), aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen sodium to relieve the pain. ? Observe the wound for a few days, checking it for infection. ? Report the incident to the animal control department. ? If you know the pet's owner, find out the date of the pot's last rabies vaccination. It should be given yearly. If its immunizations are not current, arrange with the animal control department for the pot to be observed for the next 10 days to be sure it does not develop rabies. ? Gently wash the site with soap and water. ? Treat the bite as a minor wound. ? Consult a health care provider if you notice signs of infection. ? Remove any ticks found on the skin. Use tweezers(小钳子) to grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible. Pull gently and carefully in a steady upward motion at the point where the tick' s mouthpart enters the skin. Try not to crush the tick bemuse the secretions (分泌物)released may spread disease. ? Wash the wound area and your hands with soap and water after removing ticks. ? Save the tick in a closed jar of alcohol. It could help in diagnosing Lyme Disease. 2、Bites from skunks, raccoons, bats and other wild animals are less common, but more dangerous than bites from dogs, cats. 3、lockjaw is a serious and often fatal viral infection of the central nervous system due to poison which can be prevented with up-to-date immunizations. 4、The people infected with rabid virus may present strange behavior, agitation, lack of fear of dangerous animals, foaming at the mouth. 5、To prevent animal bites people had better not raise any pets, such as a puppy or kitten. 6、If you touch pet dogs and cats by hand while they are eating or sleeping, they may get angry and attack you. 7、Squeeze out the poisonous blood in case the animal bite mangle the skin. 8、To the victim bitten by a poisonous snake the most emergent action to be taken is to keep the limb of the bite site level with or just above the level of the heart. 9、For dog and cat bites, wash the bite area immediately with______for 5 minutes to remove the harmful substance and protect against infection. 10、When you remove any ticks by tweezers, try not to crush the tick because it releases secretions that may ______. 11、The necessary measures that you may take before emergency care or seeing a doctor in case of unexpected animal bites are known as______. Part ? Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of the conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD. , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12、A. The man can use her book whenever he likes. B. The man does not need the book. C. She will not lend her book to him. D. She already read the book. 13、A. She thinks football is not a good sport. B. She wants to learn football. C. She thinks that football is a bad game. D. She can't understand the game very well. A. She doesn't want to answer the question. B. She doesn't understand 14、 what the man said. C. She is also a newcomer in the city. D. She is going that way, too. 15、A.The location of the computer. B.The address of the website. C. The new schedule. D. How to find a new home. 16、A. She is a great outdoor type. B. It is unusual for her to go mountain climbing. C. Shelly prefers mountain climbing. D. Shelly doesn't really like the outdoor. 17、A. As long as he wants. B. By Tuesday. C. By Thursday. D. k depends on the date. A. No one knows how to dance. B. No one will pay attention to 18、 how the man dances. C. It's too crowded to dance. D. No one is dancing there. 19、A. Half an hour. B. Less than an hour. C. One hour. D. Two hours. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 20、A. She felt embarrassed in class. B. Her presentation received a poor grade. C. She had not completed her assignment. D. She was unable to attend her psychology class. 21、A. She'd be able to leave quickly. B. She'd be less nervous. C. She'd be able to locate where the man was seated. D. She'd know when her professor arrived. 22、A. They blush more readily than women do. B. They're uncomfortable performing in front of adults. C. They don' t respond to stress well. D.They blush less frequently than adults do. 23、A. To introduce the woman to someone who has researched blushing. B. To illustrate the benefits of a public-speaking class. C. To give an example of someone who blushes easily. D. To example a way to overcome blushing. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 24、A. They' re classmates. B. They' re roommates. C. They' re cousins. D. They' re lab partners. 25、A. He couldn't decide on a topic for his paper. B. He thought his paper was late. C. He hadn't heard from his family in a while. D. He thought the woman had been ill. 26、A. Visit his parents. B. Write a paper. C. Observe how bees build nests. D. Plan a family reunion. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD. . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 27、A. To introduce an important author. B. To compare two different forms of writing. C. To discuss the differences between Northern and Southern writers. D. To explain why a particular book was written. 28、A. It doesn't include the use of dialect. B. It is considered Stowe's best written work. C. It was not published in the nineteenth century. D. It was Stowe' s most popular work. 29、A. To give an example of someone who was the subject of one of Stowe's biographies. B. To give an example of another author who used local dialect in his writing. C. To suggest that his work was less popular than Stowe's. D. To point out another author who wrote about New England. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30、A. A term for a type of bank. B. A special place for pigs. C. A kind of iron. D. A theory about the economy of the Middle Ages. 31、A. Money. B. Pottery. C. Bricks. D. Nests. 32、A. It held dirt well. B. It was long-lasting. C. It symbolized wealth. D. It was inexpensive. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33、A. How ancient philosophers measured the distance between heavenly bodies. B. How ancient philosophers explained the cause of an eclipse of the Moon. C. Why ancient philosophers thought the Earth was a sphere. D. Why ancient philosophers thought the Earth moved around the Sun. 34、A. How the natural world was described in Greek mythology. B. What they observed directly. C. The writings of philosophers from other societies. D. measurements made with scientific instruments. 35、A. They noticed an apparent change in the position of the North Star. B. They observed eclipses at different times of the year. C. They were the first to estimate the distance between heavenly bodies. D. They wanted to prove that the Earth was fiat. 36、A. A place for making astronomical observations. B. An instrument used for observing stars. C. A trait of measurement. D. The North Star. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from44 to 46you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Some people think they have an 37 to the problems of automobile crowding and pollution in large cities. Their answer is the bicycle, or "bike". In a great many cities, hundreds of people 38 bicycles to work every day. In New York City, some bike riders have even 39 a group called Bike for a Better City. They claim that if more people rode bicycles to work there would be 40 automobiles in the downtown section of the city and therefore less dirty air from car 41 . For several years this group has been 42 to get the city government to help bicycle riders. For example, they want the city to paint special lanes 43 must use for bicycle on some of the main streets, because when bicycle the same lanes as cars, there may be 44 .Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bikes. 45 Not everyone thinks they are a good idea. Taxi drivers don't like the idea—they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the main streets don't like the idea—they say 46 .And most people live too far from downtown to travel by bike. The city government has not yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, Central Park—he largest open space in New York—is closed to ears, and the roads may be used by bicycles only. But 47 Until that happens, the safest place to bicycle may be in the park. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage followed by five questions. You are required to answer these questions correctly and briefly as possible as you can. Rend the passage through carefully before answering them. Each answer mast be given with less than 10 words. The seven crew members of the space shuttle Discovery will arrive at Kennedy Space Center on Tuesday to take one of the biggest risks of their lives. They have a 1-in-100 chance of dying during their spaceflight next month. Those, at least, are the official odds that NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration [美国]国家航空和宇宙航行局) has long given. That is because two top officials at NASA took the unusual step of dissenting from the space agency's decision to go ahead with the launch without fixing the potentially catastrophic problem of foam falling off the external fuel tank—the very problem that doomed Columbia 3 and 1/2 years ago. The agency' s safety director and chief engineer wanted to wait and fix the problem. But NASA Administrator Michael Griffin decided a July 1 launch is worth the added risk for a variety of masons. "It's a difficult decision, highly technical, highly subtle, very subtle, involves lots of assessment of statistical risks," Griffin said in an interview with The Associated Press. "What's really instructive is the way the various players in this controversial choice—from the head of NASA to the safety director to the astronauts themselves—are not only using the facts, but their individual unique perspectives in trying to figure out what's right or what's safe,". 48、Why is the spaceflight of the seven crew members of the space shuttle Discovery called one of the biggest risk of their lives? 49、What is the decision of the space agency? 50、What caused Columbia disaster according to this passage? 51、What is the decision made by Michael Criffin? 52、It's instructive that the various players are using both ______ and ______ to figure out what is right or what' s safe. Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ), B ) ,C. and D ) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his early years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. "Upbringing" is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term "education". In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent. The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence (青春期) tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development. Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents' capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. Wide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family. Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no rigid general rules. They use general information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems. All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child' s continuing development may be warped. A child must be allowed to enjoy this "messy" but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books. Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before. 53、It' s a general belief that a child' s later character and personality is chiefly decided by ______. A. his early experiences of upbringing and education B. his upbringing which refers to the treatment and training at home C. his education which he receives from teachers in school D. the society in which he was born 54、The word "cumulative" in line 3, paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A. decisive B. extremely beneficial C. strong D. progressively greater It can be seen from the article that ______. 55、 A. the cultural pattern is the single factor that affects a child's upbringing at home B. by no means does the technological development of a community contribute to the development of children' s character C. there are definite rules for parents to abide by in bringing up their children D. upbringing and education are mutually complementary 56、A child's development might well be adversely affected if______. A. he were subjected to unusually strict discipline B. his mother often gave in to his demands C. his energies were freely given an outlet D. he were brought up in a happy environment 57、As it is presented in the passage, the development of the human character and personality is a seties of______ rather than a smooth progression. A. acts B. stages C. functions D. completions Passage Two To what extent are the unemployed failing in their duty to society to work, and how far has the State an obligation to ensure that they have work to do? It is by now increasingly recognized that workers may be thrown out of work by industrial forces beyond their control, and that the unemployed are in some sense paying the price of the economic progress of the rest of the community. But concern with unemployment and the unemployed varies sharply. The issues of duty and responsibility were reopened and revitalized by the unemployment scare of 1971-1972. Rising unemployment and increased stuns paid out in benefits to the workless had reawakened controversies which had been inactive during most of the period of fuller employment since the war ended the Depression. It looked as though in future there would again be too little work to go round, so there were arguments about how to produce more work, how the available work should be shared out, and who was responsible for unemployment and the unemployed. In 1972 there were critics who said that the State's action in allowing unemployment to rise was a faithless act, a breaking of the social contract between society and the worker. Yet in the main any contribution by employers to unemployment such as laying off workers in order to introduce technological changes and maximize profits tended to be ignored. And it was the unemployed who were accused of failing to honor the social contract, by not fulfilling their duty to society to work. In spite of general concern at the scale to the unemployment statistics, when the unemployed were considered as individuals, they tended to attract scorn and threats of punishment. Their capacities and motivation as workers and their value as members of society became suspect. The unemployed were accused of being responsible for their own workless condition, and doubts were expressed about the State' s obligation either to provide them with the security of work or to support them through Social Security. Underlying the arguments about unemployment and the unemployed is a basic disagreement about the nature and meaning of work in society. To what extent can or should work be regarded as a service, not only performed by the worker for society but also made secure for the worker by the State, and supported if necessary? And apart from cash are there social pressures and satisfactions which cause individuals to seek and keep work, so that the workless need work rather than just cash? 58、What the author proposes to examine is ______. A. how far the unemployed are to blame for their failure in working and how far it is the State' s fault B. to what extent the State should insist on the unemployed working if they fail to do so C. whether being at work is a social duty which the State should ensure everybody carries out D. whether work should be obligatory, and if so, whether the State or the individual is responsible for the enforced obligation 59、It is the author' s belief that______. A. unemployment must lead to inevitable depression of national economy B. the unemployed are the victims of economical and social development C. unemployment should be kept under the control of industrial forces D. the unemployed are not entitled to share the benefits from technological progress 60、The effect of the 1971-1972 unemployment scare was to______. A. make people think for the first time about the problem of the availability of work B. make concern for unemployment and the unemployed vary C. make the subject of unemployment controversial again D. show that there would in future be too little work to go round 61、According to the author, in the 1971-1972 crisis ______. A. the State and the employers were equally to blame for allowing unemployment to rise B. the unemployed did not fulfill their social duty to find jobs C. the role played by the employers in creating unemployment was not recognized D. the state was guilty of breaking the social contract by letting unemployment increase 62、The basic disagreement about the nature and meaning of work in society rests on the problem of whether or not______. A. the unemployed ought to be supported by society as a whole B. the state should recognize that people work for more than just money C. it is a service to provide people with work rather than cash D. the state's duty to provide work is as great as the individual's duty to work Part ? Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD.. on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Traveling can be fun mad easy. A vacation trip to another part of the country is especially 63 when the traveling conditions are good. Good traveling conditions 64 a comfortable and familiar mode of transportation, knowledge of the 65 language and system of money, with the customs and habits of the people in the country, 66 , and nice travel 67 . All of us have had nice trips like this. We have good 68 of an enjoyable, relaxing trip. Most of us have also had trips that we would 69 to forget. Many conditions can produce a had 70 experience. For example, if the four conditions 71 above do not 72 , we will probably have a had experience, or a difficult 73 . Students who travel to 74 country to study often have a difficult trip. They usually travel 75 , they don' t know the language of the new country 76 , they are not familiar with the money system and so on. They often arrive in the new country at a huge 77 airport. From the airport they need to 78 their way to the City where their school is. Maybe they need to 79 airplanes to everything take a bus, a train, or a taxi. They need to do all this in a country 80 is unfamiliar: the language, the money, the people, the cities, and the weather. Later, after the experiences are 81 , they can laugh. But at the 82 , they feel terrible. 63、A. enjoyable B. amusing C. happy D. favorable 64、A. include B. exclude C. conclude D. contain 65、A. place' s B. country' s C. area's D. city's 66、A. awareness B. understand C. familiar D. familiarity 67、A. friends B. companions C. colleagues D. company 68、A. memories B. impressions C. opinions D. pictures 69、A. like B. have C. want D. need 70、A. trip B. tour C. travel D. visit 71、A. outlined B. talked C. discussed D. listed 72、A. take place B. happen C. exist D. appear 73、A. one B. that C. condition D. situation 74、A. different B. another C. foreign D. other 75、A. along B. alone C. lonely D. themselves 76、A. yet B. too C. either D. already 77、A. national B. international C. domestic D. local 78、A. watch B. notice C. see D. find 79、A. get off B. board C. take D. change 80、A. where B. when C. that D. which 81、A. end B. complete C. over D. gone 82、A. airport B. country C. time D. day Part ? Translation Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 83、Surely I should help new arrivals ______.(像许多好心人在我刚来的时候做的那 样). 84、I believe that______(别人在那种情况下也会像我那么做的). 85、Not only ______(他看过这部影片),but he met and talked with the director as well. 86、China' s West is a treasure land ______(正等着人们去开发和利用). 87、Much of the boy's free time ______ (花费在上网上). 答案: Part ? Writing 1、 Changing Criteria for Judging a Good Student Years ago, to be a good college student simply meant to be good at academic work. On being admitted into a college or university, students usually work very hard just to "on top". Most of their campus time was spent in classrooms, reading rooms, and laboratories. Motivation was strong, single-minded concentration on study. But the criteria established to judge who is a good student are changing now. There is a growing number of students who are concerned much more about things other than academic achievement. They are trying to achieve versatility in such areas as community activities, acting, music and sports. Some students even become campus "businessperson" by starting up or serving in self-supporting businesses. They are usually regarded as good students. The changes that have taken place are, generally speaking, changes for the better. Times are different, and the job market demands personnel with a variety of skills. Therefore, the students today are, in a sense, better prepared for challenge and competition upon graduation. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 2、 题干 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 述的是臭鼬、浣熊、蝙蝠等野生动物的咬伤比猫、狗等的咬伤较少见，但更危险。其中 skunk， raccoon属于生词，但根据上下文很容易判断出是某种野生动物的名字。虽不知道词义但并不妨碍 对此题的准确理解。 3、 在第一小标题Risks of Bites里列举了被动物咬伤的几种危险。其中狂犬病是一种严重的对神经 系统造成致命性影响的病毒感染。病毒通过受感染动物的唾液传递给人。破伤风是由于中毒使下巴上 结出疼痛的、顽固的硬块，可以通过注射疫苗防治。题干把两种不同危险的症状和成因混杂在一起， 所以表述错误。 4、 查读第二小标题开头部分。患狂犬病的动物可能有如下表现:行为奇怪，本来夜间活跃而白天却兴奋 不已，不怕人，嘴吐白沫。题干表述的是感染狂犬病病毒的人具有如此症状，与原文不符。 5、NG 第二小标题关于防止动物咬伤。文中没有提到人最好不要饲养小狗和小猫类的宠物。只是提醒说小孩 不要独自和狗、猫在一起。尤其是出牙期的小动物，更容易咬伤人。 6、 防止被动物咬伤部分，明确说当宠物狗或猫吃食或睡觉时不要碰它们。因为这时它们会生气，向人袭击。这是生活常识。 7、 在第三个小标题Questions to Ask下，第一个问题回答说，如果被动物咬破皮肤，首先要控制流血。用力压伤口，把伤口部位抬高于心脏。题干表述说此时流血有毒，应挤出，这样做不对。 8、 关于被蛇咬伤的处理办法在第三小标题下。主要措施是尽量不要来回大幅度移动受伤者，因为这会使毒液散开。保持受伤肢体与心脏处于平行位置或在心脏位置下方，从而避免毒液流入心脏。而不是保持受伤肢体在心脏的上方，题干部分描述错误。 9、soap and warm water 参考最后小标题内容。主要介绍三种被动物咬伤后的急救方法。对于狗或猫咬伤，先用肥皂温水冲洗，冲掉有害物质，防止感染。 10、spread disease 参考最后小标题内容。主要介绍三种被动物咬伤后的急救方法。对于扁虱咬伤，要用钳子夹出来，但不要夹断，它会释放分泌物扩散疾病。 11、first aid 题于的意思是如被动物咬伤，在实行紧急治疗或看医生前所采取的必要的措施叫急救。要根据全文的内容及语言推断而出。 Part ? Listening Comprehension Section A Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12、C [解析] M: I don' t want to buy the book Prof. Smith told us to read for the exam. Do you think you could lend me yours? W: Well, I'm not using it right now. But I really need to keep it handy just in case. Q: What does the woman mean? 从W的前半句知道W暂时不用这本书。但听到信号词but，语气有所转折，虽然w不用，但是还不能借给M，因为她还要随时查阅。 13、D [解析] M:I love watching football games at home(It's so relaxing to watch them do battle( W:I guess I'd feel the same way if only I could understand the rules( Q:What can be inferred about the woman? 从选项中可得知是关于足球比赛的话题;w说倘若她明白比赛规则，她会喜欢看的。因此选择答案 D。 14、C [解析] M:Excuse me(Does this bus go to Market Street? W:Sorry，I'm a stranger here myself( Q:What does the woman's reply mean? 本题为推测句意题。关键在于“I'm a stranger here.”选项C中用“newcomer in this city”解释原句“I'm a stranger here(”是正确答案。 15、B [解析] M:Have you heard? The new schedule is now online(You should be able to get it from your home( W:It is? Where exactly online? Q:What does the woman ask? 本题的问题是w问的是什么?从w的回答中听出她问新的时间表在因特网的什么网址上，与新家和计算机的位置没有关系，故选B。 16、B [解析] W:Shelly's off to the mountains( M:Hmm...I never thought of her as an outdoor person( Q:What can be inferred about Shelly? 推断题。Shelly去爬山，但从回答中听出Shelly不是进行户外运动的人，故选B。 D 17、 [解析] W:How long can you keep books? M:If they're not returned by the time stated on the card，you'll be fined( Q:How long can the book be kept according to the man? 判断题。w问书你能借多久，M回答按书卡片上的时间还，否则会被罚款的。所以答案为D。 18、B [解析] M:I'd love to dance，but I don't know the steps( W:It doesn't matter(No one will be looking at in this crowd( Q:What does the woman mean? 细节题。M说他想跳舞，但是不懂舞步，W说:“No one will be looking at us in this crowd(”即“这么多人，没人会看我们。”所以答案是B。 19、B [解析] M:How long did the exam take，Mary? W:We were allowed two hours，but I finished in less than half the time(My desk-mate Jean handed in her paper just in time( Q:How much time did the woman take for the exam? 细节题。问题是女士考试考完用的实际时间。从W的回答中听出她花费不到一半的时间。 Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 20、A [解析] 19-22 M: Hi, Sarah, What's up? W: Oh, hi. I just got out of a history class. I had to give a presentation. M: How did it go? W: Terribly. I'm sure I made a fool of myself. M: Why? Weren't you prepared? W: No, it' s not that. I just get so embarrassed and nervous whenever I've to speak in front of a group of people. I stand up and my face gets red and then I get even more nervous because I know everyone can see me blushing. M: It is not so bad to blush. W: But it happens all the time. If the professor asks a question and I know the answer, I'll blush like crazy if he calls on me. Doesn' t that ever happen to you? M: No, not really. Maybe you should try to forget about the people. Look at something else in the room, like the exit sign. W: I guess I could try that. But I doubt it will help. M: You know we talked about this in psychology class. Blushing, even though it's involuntary, is more or less a learned behavior. W: What do you mean? M: Oh, children hardly ever blush at all. And, among adults, supposedly women blush more than men. W: I wonder why. M: I don't know. But I had a friend in high school, Brain Smith. It was really easy to make him blush. He turned red whenever a waitress would ask him for his order. W: I'm not that bad. Well, I've got to get going for my next class. I'll talk to you later. 19.What was the woman's problem? 细节题。关键句是I just get so embarrassed and nervous whenever I've speak in front of a group of people.意思是我一站在人群面前讲话就浑身不自在，非常紧张。 21、B [解析] Why might looking at the exit sign help the woman? 因果推理题。根据这位男子的提议，看着房间里的其他什么东西，比如出口标志，有可能会忘记(房 间或面前的)人群，由此可以推出，忘记人群的存在也就不会感到紧张了。 22、D [解析] What does the man say about children? 细节题。考查是否听懂children hardly ever blush at all。 23、C [解析] Why does the man mention his friend Brian? 因果推理题。为了让这位女士相信脸红是后天学来的行为，男人女人都可能有，这位男士特意提到他 的一位朋友作为例子来证明他的说法。 Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 24、A [解析] 23-25 M: Hi, Sue. Where have you been? W: Oh. Hi, Dan. I was just at the library. I have to hand in my biology paper tomorrow. M: Tomorrow? Oh, no. I thought it wasn't due till Monday. W: Oh. Don't worry. It is due Monday. But I'm going away for the weekend and won't be back till Monday night. M: Oh, where are you going? W: California. We're having a family reunion. It's my grandmother's ninetieth birthday. So all the cousins and aunts and uncles are going. She planned the whole thing herself. M: Wow. That's great. How many people will be there? W: Around sixty. My family is big and spread out but we're pretty dose. So have you started working on your biology paper? M: Yeah. I'm doing it on bees and how they're able to recognize whether another bee is related to them. W: How can they tell? M: They use their sense of smell. The honey bees guard their nests this way. If another bee approaches the nest, the guard determines if the new bee is familiar. If it is, it's allowed to enter. W: Interesting. Can other insects do this? Well, the paper wasps can. Each wasp nest has a special combination of plant fibers and se the wasps that live there have a unique smell. Those two are the only kinds I've read about so far. M: Well, you've still got time. It sounds like that the bees are picky about who comes to their family reunion. 23. What is the relationship between the speakers? 判断题。一个说明天必须交生物论文，一个说他认为直到星期一才到交论文的日子，可见两人都要交 论文，身份相同，而且是同处于一个班级。 25、B [解析] Why was the man worried at first? 推理题。他听到对方说明天必须交论文，误认为自己记错了日子I thought it wasn't due till Monday而会造成迟交论文，因此着急。 26、B [解析] What will the man probably do over the weekend? 推理题。从他对这位女士谈到的I'm doing it on bees来看，他周末很有可能要继续把有关蜜蜂 的论文做完。 Section B Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 27、A [解析] 26-28 Continuing our survey of the 19th century, let's take a look now at Harriet Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom' Cabin, a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extremely popular in the United States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for the attention given to Uncle Tom's Cabin, it is far from Stowe's best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south. But much of her best work has nothing to do with the south at all. In fact, Stowe's best writing is about village life in the New England states in the 19th century. In recording the customs of the villages she wrote about, Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically as possible. She usually succeeded, for her settings were often described actually and in detail. In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for thirty years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New England life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young woman there, she worked as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her first published work, a geography book for children. Later, when she was married, her writing helped to support her family financially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books, biographical sketches and children's books as well as novels for adults. 26. What is the main purpose of the talk? 主旨题。本文在介绍Harriet Beecher Stowe的作品和生平。关键句在文章开头:...let's take a look... at Harriet Beecher Stowe...Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin。 28、D [解析] What does the professor say about the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin? 理解题。B为干扰项，其内容不够准确(关键点在:Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin ...The book was extremely popular... 29、B [解析] Why does the speaker mention Mark Twain? 细节题。在谈到Harriet Beecher Stowe的作品时，为进一步表明她是最早使用方言的作家，早 到何种程度，以另一位在作品中也使用方言的著名作家Mark Twain为例，Harriet Beecher Stow 比 Mark Twain 早三十多年。A，C，D项的内容与文章内容不符合。 Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30、A [解析] 29-31 Where did the term Piggy Bank come from? Today the simple piggy bank is seen everywhere as the symbol of saving and frugality, for putting away funds for a rainy day, or building a nest egg for life's sudden money needs, such as paying college expenses, buying a home, or financing retirement. But why a pig? Dogs bury bones for a rainy day. Why not a dog shaped bank for coins? Squirrels are well known hoarders too and we talk about squirreling away valuables, why not a bank in the shape of a squirrel? Well nevertheless, for 300 years, children's banks have been imitation pigs with slots in the back. Charles Bernardy, the author of Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things, tells how the symbol came about by coincidence. According to Bernardy, during the middle ages, mined metal was scarce and expensive, therefore was rarely used in the manufacture of household utensils. The type of orange clay, known of pygg, spelt p-y-g-g, was more abundant and economical throughout western Europe. It was used in making dishes, cups, pots and jars. And so these earthenware items were referred to as pygg. Frugal people saved cash in kitchen pots and jars. Although a pygg jar was not originally shaped like a pig, the name persisted. However, by the 18th century, pygg, p-y-g-g jar became pig, p-i- g jar or pig bank. Potters had simply begun to east the bank in the shape of its common name. In the United States, the popular piggy bank has always been a symbol of saving money. 29. What does the speaker mainly discuss? 主旨题。文章一开始就谈到了the term Piggy Bank…the simple piggy bank is seen as the symbol of saving and frugality，for putting away funds for a rainy day， or building a nest egg for life's sudden money needs，及结尾的the popular piggy bank has always been a symbol of saving money都点明了性质及用途，这是有关银行名 字来历的介绍。B，C，D的内容与文章内容无关。 31、B [解析] What was first made with the clay the speaker mentioned? 细节题。考查是否听懂并记住It was used in making dishes，cups，pots and jars(B 项中的Pottery也就是 dishes，cups，pots and jars的总称。 32、D [解析] Why did craftspeople of the Middle Ages use the clay? 因果判断题。中世纪时，由于矿物质稀少而昂贵，他们极少用于家用器皿的大批量生产中，而在西欧 橘色陶土资源丰富，价格便宜，所以陶艺工人用它来制作家用陶瓷器皿。(...mined metal was scarce and expensive，therefore was rarely used in the manufacture of household utensils(The type of orange clay， known of pygg，spelt p-y-g-g，was more abundant and economical throughout Western Europe() Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33、C [解析] 32-35 In ancient times, many people believed tile earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000 years ago, rite ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies was the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon, file earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses, the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical. If tile earth were a flat disc, then its shadow during eclipses would not be a perfect circle, it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. Tile second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south, in more northern regions, the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in file sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400,000 stadia, that's the plural of the word stadium. Today, it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents, but let's say, it was about 200 meters, the length of many athletic stadiums. This would hake the Greek' s estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented. 32. What is the talk mainly about? 主旨题。关键处是:put forward two good arguments proving that it (the(earth)was not(a flat disc) ，随后又列出First…The second来支撑这个论点( 34、B [解析] According to...,what were the beliefs of the Greek philosophere based upon? 细节题。关键句:Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments( 35、A [解析] What does the professor say about ancient Greeks who traveled south? 综合理解题。关键点:They noticed that the Noah Star...appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south， in more northern regions，the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky(进而又说:this difference in the apparent position of the North Star。B，C内容不完整，D与文章观点相悖。 36、C [解析] What does the professor say the term stadium refers to? 细节推理题。从a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400,000 stadia，that's the plural of the word stadium这里可以看出stadium与stadia的关系。后面一句it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents， but let's say，“was about 200 meters，the length of many athletic stadiums可以看出，这是一个长度 测量单位。 Section C 37、answer 名词。解答，解决的办法。对大城市里汽车拥挤、空气污染的问题有解决办法。 38、fide 动词。骑，乘。成百上千的人每天骑自行车去上班。 39、formed 过去分词。形成。一些骑自行车的人甚至形成了一个团体。 fewer 40、 形容词比较级。更少的。市区汽车将会更少些。 41、engines 名词复数。发动机。 42、trying 现在分词。尝试，努力。几年来这个团体一直在努力使市政府帮助骑车的人。 43、riders 名词复数。骑车人。 44、accidents 名词。意外事故。当自行车必须和汽车使用相同的车道时，就有可能发生交通事故。45、But no bicycle lanes have been painted yet 46、that if there is less traffic, they will have less business. 47、Bike for a Better City says that this is not enough and keeps fighting to get bicycle lanes downtown. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A 48、Because they have a 1-in-100 chance of dying( 这是一道细节题。第一句提到他们面临最大生命危险的挑战，而第二句解释了原因是他们有百分之一 的死亡的可能性。 49、Go ahead with the launch( 这是一道词汇和短语含义题。词组“dissenting from”意思是“不同意，反对”。原文的意思是NASA的两名高级官员不同意航空局还没有解决潜在的灾难性问题坚持继续发射飞行器的决定。 50、Foam falling off the external fuel tank( 这是一道有关具体信息的题。破折号后“the very problem that doomed Columbia 3 and 1/2 years ago”是做“the potentially catastrophic problem of foam falling off the external fuel tank”的同位语结构意思是正是这个问题注定了哥伦比亚号的灾难。 Make a July 1 launch( 51、 这是一道细节题。最后一段提到“Griffin decided a July 1 launch”，意思是Griffin决定七月一日发射飞行器。 52、the facts，their individual perspectives 这是一道逻辑引申题。文章最后一句提到争议各方不但应用事实材料，而且用到他们的个人独到的看法来试图找出正确和安全的做法。 Section B Passage One 53、A 根据文章的第一段，通常认为孩子的后来性格与性情主要取决于早期的家庭抚养和学校教育。A符合原文。B和C项单一地强调家庭抚养和学校教育，不正确。D项指孩子所出生的社会，过于泛泛，文中并未提及。 54、D 这一题的考点是用意思相近的词来解释原文中的词，对于一个不熟悉的词可以根据上下文的意思猜一猜，文中相应的那句话提到孩子们的每一次经历都会教给孩子们一些东西。这就意味着经历对孩子们的影响有一个循序渐进的积累的过程，因此我们可推断cumulative可能有“逐渐的，积累的”这种意思。A的意思是“决定性的”，不能突出逐渐积累的意思，因此不准确。B项的意思是“绝对有益的”，原文中并未对经历对孩子的影响作出肯定或否定的评价。C项的意思是“强的”，原文中提到孩子每一次经历都会教给他一些东西，这并不意味着每一次的影响都很强，因此C项也不准确。D项的意思是“逐渐增加的”，这正好体现了逐渐积累的意思，因此应选D项。 55、D 这一类题无法从题干中得出一个明确的答案，要从各选项着手，判断应选哪一项。通常涵盖原文，需要在浏览全文的基础上，仔细地有针对性地精读，并做出判断。A项认为文化模式是影响孩子在家庭中成长的惟一因素。而文中第三段段首就指出孩子的成长受文化模式和父母的能力及他们的目标的影响。因此A项不准确。B项认为社会的技术发展不能帮助孩子们发展性格，而文中第二段提到在技术发达的社会，童年时代和青春期更长，这导致有更多的教育机会并能更加多样化地发展性格。显然B项与原文不符。C项认为对于父母抚养孩子方面有明确的规则。而文中第三段明确指出在这方面并没有固定的规则。因此C项不正确。D项认为成长和教育是互补的，这与文中第一段末尾所述“成长和教育是相互依赖的”意思相近，因此D项是对的。 56、A 这一题也要求用选项和原文作对比，才能判断正确。什么情况会对孩子的成长起相反的影响?A项认为在他必须服从非常严格的纪律时。文中第四段提到所有的父母都得解决自由和纪律之间的问题，孩子越小，母亲越是要随时准备满足他的要求，以免使他失望，因为她知道如果孩子的精力不得以释放，他以后的发展可能会被扭曲，由此可以看出A项是正确的。B项认为当母亲经常满足孩子的要求时，由原文的意思，我们可以看出只有当母亲不满足孩子的要求时才有可能扭曲孩子将来的发展，因此B项是不正确的。C项认为当他的精力自由地得以释放时，原文提到如果孩子的精力不得以释放，他将来的发展可能被扭曲，这显然与C项相反，所以c项是不正确的。D项认为是当他在一个快乐的环境下被抚养大的情况下，以一般的常识，我们也可判断在快乐的环境下成长不会对孩子的成长起负面影响，所以D项不正确。 57、B 如本文所述，人的性格和个性的发展是一系列的阶段而不是一蹴而就的。读者会在本文末不止一次地看到stage一词，最后一段写道:一个孩子必须在被允许享受杂乱却可触摸的发觉阶段的乐趣后才能体会到玩具和书本的那种看不见摸不着的乐趣。同样，在整个人生中，每个阶段都依靠于前一个阶段的令人满意的完成。理解了，这一段的意思，我们可体会到人的性格的发展正是从一个阶段向另一阶段完善的过程。由此，A项认为是一系列的行动，显然不对，B项认为是一系列的阶段，与原文相符，C项认为是一系列的职能，这也与原文不符，D项认为是一系列的完成，与原文不符，因此这一题应选B项。 Passage Two 58、A 文中第一段提出的两个问题是作者在本文探讨的问题。对于失业，失业者多大程度上承担失业未能履行为社会服务的责任，多大程度上国家没有尽到使他们有工作的义务。A项与起始句的内容一致，此问句点出了本文的主题。B选项强调政府多大程度上应该坚持使失业者工作。C选项说工作是否是政府使每个人都有的一种社会责任。D选项表达是否工作是必须的，是个人还是国家应为此负责。这些答案不够全面。 59、B B项与第1段意思相符，其中victims of...(……的受害者)相当于该句的paying the price of (为……付出代价)。作者表达的是失业者是经济和社会发展的产物，是受害者。其余三项皆非作者之意。A项说失业会不可避免的导致国家经济危机。C项说失业应保持在工业力量的控制之下。D项失业者没有资格分享工业进步的益处。 60、C 此题出自第1段第4句，句中revitalize意为“使恢复活力”;unemployment scare是“失业大恐慌”。C项“使失业问题再起争论”符合该句中reopened and revitalized及下句中的reawakened controversies(重新引起争论)，故C为正确答案。 61、C 第2段第2句说雇主对失业的促成作用……往往被忽视(句中in the main。意为“基本上;大体上”)。 C项恰合此意，为正确答案。A项，文中无此说法。B项是对失业者的不正当指责。D项是一些critics (批评家)的说法，而非作者的意见。 62、D 此文末段第2句中not only performed by the worker for society but also made secure for the worker by the State“工作不仅是工人对社会应尽的义务，而且国家应保证工人能够工作”，表明D项说法正确。A、 B两项文中未提。C项只是论据之一。 Part ? Cloze 63、A enjoyable意思是“giving you pleasure and satisfaction”令人愉快的、可享受的。amusing“逗乐的”，happy“高兴的”，主语往往是人，favorable“有利的”。 64、A include意为“包括”，exclude刚好意思相反;conclude意为“下结论";contain意思是“含有、容纳”。 65、B 根据修饰的短语language and system of money，只能是指一个国家的语言和货币体制。 66、D awareness意为“意识到，觉悟”，后面与of搭配，因此不妥。另外，因为已知的并列成分都是名词，这里也需要名词，因此understand和familiar两项均不妥，familiarity“熟悉”与前面的with搭配。 67、B 句中companions意为“伴、伙伴”，是可数名词。company可以表示“伙伴、来往的人”，但这是集体名词，是“伙伴”的总称。friends和colleagues“同事”两项意思不妥。 68、A memory意为“something that is remembered;something from the past stored in the memory”记忆;而impression表示“effect produced on the mind of feeling”印象。opinions“意见”和pictures“画”意思都不妥。 69、A would like意为want，是比较客气的说法。我们通常不说would want。have和need两项意思不妥。 70、C travel表示“旅行”。trip指去一个地方旅游，tour是指去一个一个地方访问，旅游一圈，visit拜访，参观，因此travel最合适。另外，下文有提示。 71、D 从第一段看，上面列举了四个好条件。因此选用listed(列举)。 72、C 从上下文的意思看应选C。take place和happen“发生”，exist“存在”，appear出现。 73、A 句中one代替了experience一词。that前不能加修饰语，因此B项不妥。 74、B 如要选用different或foreign前面都要加不定冠词。 75、B alone意为by oneself without the company or help of others(单独地、独自地)，而lonely意为without companions;sad because one lack companions，sympathy，friendship(孤独的，孤单的，寂寞的)。另外从结构上看，这儿需要副词，因此lonely不妥。 76、A yet用于否定句中表示up to the present time，同否定连起来表示“到目前为止仍不……”。C项用于否定句时，表示接别人的话，意为“也不”。Too和already均不与否定句连用。 77、B 因为这是一个陌生的国家，机场应是international。 78、D find one's way to意为“找到/认得去……的路”，是习惯表达。 79、D 因为上文明确表示arrive in the new country at a huge international airport，因此要再继续做的也许是to change airplanes. to take a bus等。 80、A where引导的定语从句，修饰country。 81、C 句中experiences表示“经历”;over意为past，at an end结束;而complete意为finish完成，意思不妥。因为前面有are，所以complete应用completed，end应ended。gone“离去”，意思不妥。 82、C at the time是表示“在当时”。 Part ? Translation 83、as so many kind people did when I first arrived 此题主要考查as引导状语从句，及从句主语和主句主语一样时，用do代替。 84、others would have done what I did under the circumstances 此题主要考查would have done句型。 85、did he see the film 此题主要考查not only置于句首时采用倒装语序。 86、waiting for people to develop and explore 此题主要考查分词短语做定语。 87、is spent surfing the Internet( 此题主要考查spend(in)doing结构。