浅析英语习语的翻译方法

◆◆◆◆浅析英语习语的翻译方法◆纪东津(南京师范大学外国语学院)【摘要】美国人说话时，总会很自然地说出一些固定习语一一我们中国人称之为“成语”。大多数英语学习者听到这些话都是一头雾水；要么就不懂装懂，傻乎乎地跟着人家笑。能够用成语与外国人交流，绝对是一大挑战!因为它具有挑战性。无疑，学会熟练使用成语总是会令人感到震惊并留下深刻的印象。先从英语习语的特点和分类入手，探讨英语习语翻译的方法主要有直译法、套译法、意译法还有加注法，还探讨了运用这些翻译方法时的几个注意点。在此基础上，我们通过搜集资料去发现现存的英语习语翻译的问题有哪些，并对其进行比较研究提出相应的对策。一方面，读者可以对英语习语的翻译有进一步的认识与方法研究；另一方面，读者在生活中与美国朋友聊天时或看电影时都能够很好的运用到这些习语。【关键词】美式习语语境实用性翻译策略IIntroductionhuntingalltheirlives，manyidioms，theextensionofidi—Idiomistheessenceofalanguageandthecrystalliza—omsincluded，areassociatedwiththem．Asthehousewi~tionofhumanwisdom．Skilled，skillful，freelyindailyeom．said：“Astitchintimesavesnine．(一针及时省municationintheuseofidiomwillbeforyoutowinalotof九针。)”envyandadmirationeyes．Thesenativeidiomsthoroughly(3)Themetaphorofidiomsareimportantmeansofcomeintoblood．LetyourEnglishicingonthecake，tran—rhetoricinthelanguage．Themetaphoristhemainmeansofscendentalandfreefromvulgarity．rhetoric．Inrhetoric，metaphorcanbeclassifiedassimile、IIBodymetaphor、metonymyandsynecdoche．1．ThecharacteristicsofEnglishidioms2．ThenowadaysexistingquestionsofthetranslationofThetranslationofEnglishidiomsreferstheessenceofEnglishidiomslanguageextractedbythepeopleinthelongtermsocialIdiomsiswiththecharacteristicsofincisive、vivid、practice．TheessenceofEnglishidiomsisgenerallyrefinedbeautiful、image、popularimpliedmeaningprofundityininpopularlanguage．Thecharacteristicsofthetranslationofthelanguage．Theapplicationofidiomshasspecialandim-Englishidiomsareshort，conciseandtherichethniccuhur-portanceplace，theEnglishidiomsaredificulttounder．aleharacteristics．Initsbroadsense。Englishidiomsin—standandtheydon’tknowhowtotranslatetheidiomswhencludeidioms、proverbs、motto、proverbs、allusion、idiomsChinesestudentsarelearningEnglish．themainreasonliesandproverbs．EnglishidiomshavetheformandcharaeterisinnotenoughtomasterthecharacteristicsofEnglishidioms．ticoffixed，integrity，non—grammar，history，culture，Englishidioms，withrichandcolorful，hasalonghistory．ideologyandart．IdiomsasaspecialformoflanguageMasterthemflexiblyandapplythemtothelanguage，itwillcomparedwiththegenerallanguageform，therearedifferentmakethelanguagelivelyandimage．Inviewofthis，ifwecharacteristics．wanttodogoodtranslationofidioms，thefirstthingisto(1)Nationalityofidioms．IdiomsarecloselylinkedgraspthefeaturesofEnglishidioms，weshouldavoidroteorwithgeographicalenvironment、historicalbackground、eco—takethewordstooliterally．ThetranslationproblemsofEng．nomiclifecustoms、religiousbeliefs、psychologicalsta—lishidiomsaremainlythefollowingthreepoints：tus、valuesandsoon．Itcanclearlyreflectanation’scul—(1)Themisuseofliteraltranslationturalcharacteristics．Withapeopleoftheearthmaylivein(~)Johnlikestopathimselfontheback．约翰喜欢捶自theworld，someexperienceandconsciousnessaresimilar．己的背。(正确译法：约翰喜欢自吹)Oneofthetypicalmanifestationsofthenationalityofid—②IthappenedthatIhadtoanswerthecallofnature．iomsisthatthesameorsimilarfigurativemeaningbutdiffer—碰巧我现在得对自然的召唤做出答复(正确译法：碰巧entobjectsofmetaphors．这时我想解手)Anotheroneofthetypicalmanifestationsofthenation．③Hekissedthehare’sfoot．他吻了兔子的脚。alityofidiomsisthatthesamemetaphoricalimagebutdiffer-(正确译法：他迟到了。)entmetaphoricalmeaningornotidentica1．(2)Makingmisunderstandingfromtheliteralorfigura—(2)Folkcharacterofidioms．MostoftheidiomsoftivemeaningtoassociateeVenrlanguageinthisworldcomefromfolk．Englandisa／1QItisagoodhorsethatneverstumbles．好马也有失蹄islandsurroundedbysea，somostofidiomsarerelatedto时。(不宜译成“良马不失蹄”)sailingandfishing．Inlandmountainousareapeoplelivedby②Itisagoodmanthatneverstumbles，andagood10／201797◆◆◆◆wifethatnevergrumbles．好丈夫也有过失，好妻子也会唠Drawingwaterinabamboobasket：竹篮打水一叨。(不宜译成“从不失足的丈夫是好丈夫，从不唠场空。叨的妻子是好妻子”)Tomendthefoldafterasheepislost：亡羊补牢。@Itisanillbirdthatfoulsitsownnest．再坏的鸟也不(2)同义习语套用法(borrowinganequivalence)至于弄脏自己的窝。(不宜译成“弄脏自己的窝的是DuetothetwolanguageofEnglishandChinesewith坏鸟”)richandcolorfulidioms，variedethnicbecausepeople’s@Timeandtidewaitfornoman．时光如潮水，不等emotionalattitudeandsocialexperiencetodealwiththings任何人(不宜译成“时光和潮水不等人”)。aresimilar．itwillinevitablyproducesomeidiomswhich(3)ToavoidtheuseofChineseidiomsofnationalchar—havethesamemeaningandidenticalorsubstantiallyidenti—acteristicswhenborrowinganequivalencecalrhetorie~Beautyliesinlover’seyes．情人眼里出美人。☆IdenticalidiomsofEnglishandChinese(不宜译成“情人眼里出西施”)Toaddfueltothefire：火上浇油。②Manyheadsarebetterthanone．一人不及众人计。walIshaveears：隔墙有耳。(不宜译成“三个臭皮匠，项个诸葛亮”)Strikewhiletheironishot：趁热打铁。③Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim．不要教鱼儿游泳。Tobeinthesameboat：同舟共济。(不宜译成“不要班门弄斧”)☆RoughlythesameidiomsofEnglishandChinese(4)Chooseonekindoftranslationaccordingtothecon．Adropintheoceans：沧海一栗。teXtAtsixandsevens：乱七八糟，七颠八倒。①akecareofthepence，andthepoundswilltakeTeachone’sgrandmotherhowtosuckeggs：班门careofthemselves．积少自然成多。／d'事谨慎，大事弄斧。自成。(3)意译法(paraphrasing)②Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer．一燕不成Ifitisnotpossibleornotnecessarytoretaintheexpres-夏。／轻率推论必成大错。／一关渡过并非万事大吉。sionforlnofEnglishidiomwhentranslatethemandcan’t@Stillwaterrunsdeep．静水流深。／外 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 淡漠而内findthesynonymicidiomsInChinese，weshouldusepara—心深情。／沉默着深谋。phrasetoexpresstheidiomsinthecontext．Thatistousean—3．ThestrategyofthetranslationofEnglishidiomsothersimilaridiomswhichChinesereaderscanacceptwhenThefourtranslationmethodsofEnglishidioms：literaltranslatethem．Forexample。“toraincatsanddogs”Ifittranslation、borowinganequivalence、paraphrase、annota—isliterallytranslatedinto“下猫和狗雨”，readerswillfeeltlon．ataloss，themeaningofidiomscannotreallybetranslated(1)直译法(1iteraltranslation)butusingparaphrase．ifbeingtranslatedinto“下倾盆大Theliteraltranslation，asthenamesuggests，isnot雨”，readerscanunderstandbetter．Thismethodcommonlyinviolationofthelanguagespecificationandunderthecon—usedquotebelowareafewexamples：ditionofnotcausingthewrongassociations．ThemethodsofTobreaktheice：打破沉默。retainingthemetaphor、image、nationalandlocalcolor．Bornwithasilverspooninone’smouth：生长在富贵sayingsimplyistoretaintheoriginalculturalimage，orae—之家。cordingtothelitera1．AlthoughtheChinesereadersmightTwoheadsarebetterthanone：人多智慧大。notbefamiliarwithsomeEnglishidiommetaphorandim．Tofacethemusic：勇敢的面对困难。age．butithasastrongpoliticalsenseinacertainarticle，Drinklikeafish：牛饮。Orithastheobviouswesternnations，places，historyand(4)译文加注法(annotation)othercolors，thiskindofidiomcanbetranslatedwiththeStrictlyspeaking，annotationisnotatranslationmeth—literaltranslation．forexample：theidioms“crocodileod．Inwritingortranslation，annotationisthelastchoice．tears”canbeliterallytranslatedinto“鳄鱼的眼泪”，Chi．BecausesomeidiomsarewithStronglocalcolor、racecolorneseretainedtheimageryofthecrocodiletears，Chineseorwithallusion。Ifitdoesn’tuseannotationwhentrans—hadnosuchexpressionmethod．，“crocodiletears”isnotlatethem，accountofmeaningcan’tbecleared．Forex—animageinChineseculture．Readingthisidioms，chineseample：“A11arenotmaidensthatwearbarehair”．Ifbe．alsowon’tconsiderithassomethingtodowithhypocrisy，ingtranslatedinto“不戴帽子的未必都是少女”，itcan—butinfact，Chineseacceptthetranslation．Thismethodnotnotmakethereadersunderstandwhy．itmustadoptannota．onlyretainsthecolloquiallocal，imageanddialect，alsotiontotelladultwomenusuallywearahatinwesternCUS—cankeeptheoriginalsourcelanguageexpression，oftenalsotoms，whilethegirlsaregenerallynotwearing，thisidiomscanenrichthetargetlanguageandculture．forexample：tellsusthefact“Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover”．An—Athornintheflesh：眼中钉，肉中束0。notationmayaffectreadingfluency，WeshouldbecautiousArmedtotheteeth：武装到牙齿。ofthemethod．Awolfinasheep’sclothing：披着羊皮的狼。OnthestrategyofthetranslationoftheEnglishidi—9810／2017oms，thepremiseistocomplywiththediferentstandardofb：what?translation，fromYanFu’s“信、达、雅”，FuLei’sa：I’vegotthefirstplaceinthemid—ternaexam“重神似不重形似”，toMr．ZhangPeiji’s“忠实通b：Howawesome!hewholaughslastlaughsbest．顺”，andthentoZhaiQiubai’s“等同概念”．WecanDialoguetwo：see，thesepropositionaremutualinfluence。mutualinflu．a：Black，teachersaidtomorrowwillbeaholiday．weence，mutualcomplement，perfectcontinuously，althoughcangotoplayfootbal1．theemphasisisdifferent．Butthetranslationmustbefaithfulb：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest，it’spossiblygoingtoaccuratelyexpressthemeaningoforiginaltext．expresstoraintomorrow．faithfullytheoriginaltextfromthethreeaspectsofliteralWecanseefromthetwodialogue。theidiomsofthemeaningandimagemeaningandimpliedmeaning．Butnotfirstgroupindicatesencouragement，theidiomsofthesee．everyidiomhasthreemeanings，somemayonlyhaveliteralondgroupindicateswarning．meaningbutnoimagemeaning．somemayhavebothliteral4．theattentionpointstousethesetranslationmethodsmeaningandimagemeaningbutnoimpliedmeaning．rI'IlisThefourtranslationmethodsofidiomsismutualcon．requiresustounderstandtheliteralmeaningoftheidiom．nected，toselectthebestmethodforthecompletetransla．butalsotounderstandtheimagemeaningorimpliedmeaningtionofidioms．Intheuseofaboveseveraltranslationmethodoftheidiomsinthesentencesothatithelpsustranslatebet．shouldpayattentiontothefollowingpoints：ter．Thetwocountriespeoplehavealotincommon，which(1)．Reserveracecoloristhebasisofthetranslation．whenthetwocountriesusetheIthasmanyidiomsinEnglishandChinesewhichreflectsamekindofanimaltoexpressthesameorsimilarimage，therespectivenationalandlocalcolor，weshouldpayat—wejustuseliteraltranslation，Forexample，witha“pig”tentiontothepreservationofthisfeaturewhentranslation，toindicatethat“obesity”，witha“ship”toindicatedon’tputtheChinesenationalorlocaltothetranslation．that“meek”．Forexample．“asfataspig”canbetransla．Forexample：“Twoheadsarebetterthanone”可译成tedinto“跟猪——样肥”。“asgentleasalamb”canbe“人多智慧大”，can’tbetranslatedinto：“三个臭皮translatedinto“跟羊一样温顺”。"darkhorse”refersisahistoricalchar-thenotrenownedcandidateswinexceedingone’sexpecta．匠，顶个诸葛亮”．BecauseZhuGelingacterinchina，Itwillappearthephenomenonofforeignerstion，inChinese，wecallit“adarkhorse”．TheliteralspeakChineseiftranslatelikesuch，Itwillformthecontra．translationmethodcanaccuratelyexpresstheoriginalcultur-dictionswiththeoriginalcontext，8oItisgoodtousepara一alconnotationandnarrowthegapbetweenthetwolanguaphrase．Anotherexample-“Talkofthedevilandheissureges，butifyouusethewrongwords，itcanleadtomisun—derstandingandcauseconfusion．Forexample：“whiteele．tocome．”isbettertranslatedinto“说到魔鬼，魔鬼就到”than“说曹操，曹操就到”，becausethisismoreinphant”，itcan’tsimplytranslatedinto“白象”，becauselinewiththewesternNationalcolor．itdoesnothaveanycultureconnotation，weshouldconsid—eranothertranslationstrategY．Whenthereexistdifferences(2)SimplifythetranslationofidiomsbetweenEnglishandChinese，wecanconsiderthepara．Sometimesanidiomisusedinthecontractedform．sophrase．suchas“whiteelephant”shouldbetranslatedintowemustbefamiliarwiththecommonlyusedidiomsandpay“waste，bigbutuselessthings”．paraphrasecanaccuratelyattentiontoitssimplification，sowecansimplifythetransla．expresstheoriginalmeaning．Astoborrowinganequiva．tionofidioms。Anexample：“Ifyourunaftertwohares。1ence，underdifferentculturalbackgrounds，peopleusedif-youwillcatchneither(脚踏两只船，定会落空)”canbeferentanimalimagetoexpressthesameorsimilarfigurativeabbreviatedto“Torunaftertwohares”．butmeaningun．meanings，inthiscase，wecanchooseborowinganequiv．changedalence．Forexample，“cattle”inChineseisakindof(3)CommendatoryandderogatoryidiomsStrongandwidespreaduseofanimal，butalsoagoodhelperTranslationofidiomshouldbecarefulnottojumptoforafarmerfieldwork．whileintheUK，“马”playsaconclusions，weshouldfullyunderstandtheidiomsandsimilarrole．buttheuseofborrowinganequivalenceisverytranslate，otherwise，itwillmisleadthereader．Forexam．limited，onlywhenthetwocountriesunderstandtheidiomsple：“Tomoveheavenandearth”，itisveryeasierforusverywellCallwefreelyusethem．AstotheproblemofthetothinkovertheChineseidioms：“惊天动地”“翻天覆idiomwithavarietyoftranslation，weshouldreadthearti．地”，butthisidiomsrealymean：“全力以赴”“千方clecarefullyandunderstandthecontextofthepassageand百计”．Besides，weshouldpayattentiontotheidiomsdecidethemostsuitableone．Forexample：weatherthelanguagecoloriscommendatoryorderogatory．Hewholaughslastlaughsbest．谁笑到最后，谁笑的Forexample：“It’sanillwindthatblowsnobodygood．’’最好。(鼓励)／不要高兴得太早(警告)。thisidiom，althoughtheword“ill”。butitisnotusedDialogueone：inaderogatorysense，itcanbetranslatedinto“天下无绝a：Hey!jerry，I’vegoodnewstotellyou对的坏事”or“有弊必有利”。10／201799◆◆◆◆IIIConclusionmoreaboutthewesthistory，customsgeographyandotherHaveyoueverbeensuchexperience?whentalkingbooks．Accumulatingknowledgeinreading，inordertowithAmericans，theyunderstandeverywordbutjustdon’ttranslatebetter．translationisrequiredinthepracticeofin-understandwhattheymeant，orwatchHollywoodmovies，spection，alsothemutualcommunicationbetweenthetrans—EnglishyouhearddoesnotsimplycorrespondwithChineselators．subtitles．Thisisbecauseitcontainsalargenumberofau．参考文献：thenticspokenidiomwhichisthedifficultyinthelanguage[1]廖莉莉．浅论英汉习语中文化差异及其翻译learningbutisasigntoreflectthelanguageleve1．There—[J]．中国科技信息，2000，(6)．fore，ItiSimpossibletooverstatetheimportanceofidiomsin[2]刘雪梅，张焱．英语习语用法精粹[M]．北京：alanguage．Theyareallaround-USineverydayuse．atthe中国书籍出版社，2001．1．sametime，throughsuchananalysisofpracticalityofAmer—[3]平洪，张国扬．英语习语与英美文化[M]．北icanidiomsinthecontext．wecannotonlyrealizethecul—京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001．turaldifferencebetweenthetwocountries，canalsoexpand[4]彭庆华．英语习语研究：语用学视角[M]．北ourhorizonofknowledge．Weundemtandandlearntheex．京：社会科学文献出版社，2007．8．cellentcultureofEnglish—speakingcountries，itisappar-[5]鞠囡囡．英语习语的特性及翻译战略[J]．文教entthatwecantakeadvantageofthebenefitsoftheseAmer．资料，2006．icanidiomstounderstandforothers。respectforothers，SO[6]杨林．论英汉习语的文化差异及翻译[J]．西北thatwecanmorefriendly，morekindlyandmoretolerantly第二民族学院学报，2000，(02)．getalongwellwitheachother．ThetranslationofEnglishidi-[7]张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹．英汉翻译教omsi8verycomplex，dificulttolearnandmoredificultto程[M]．上海：上海外语教育出版社，1980．translate，thisrequiresUStohaveaprofoundliteraryaccom—[8]包惠南．文化语境与语言翻译[M]．中国对外翻plishmentandculturalfoundation．itrequiresUStoread译出版公司，2001．149．(上接第86页)3．健全管理机制。首先，建立科学的随着中国社会发展和经济结构的不断升级，大学生经费预算和使用 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 。应按科学比例逐年增加用于组社会参与已经成为一个热门的话题，其社会化问题对于织大学生社会参与的经费投入，建立社会参与项目审批我国的未来有着重要的现实意义，培育大学生全面发制度，提供物质保障。其次，建立课堂教学与社会参展，多管齐下，切实有效的为大学生社会参与提供有力与的对接机制。引导大学生用丰富多彩的社会参与活的指导、帮助和服务，建立一套完善的大学生社会参与动对课堂知识进行体验性和实践性的检验，拓展课堂教的保障制度，以学生为本，努力打造大学生社会参与的学空间，做到知行统一。再次，建立功能齐全的社会空间。参与实践基地。高校应明确实践基地的建设目标，健参考文献：全基地的多功能化用途，保证满足不同年级、不同专业[1]李洪渠．基于“五全”育人模型的高职院校学生学生的实际需要。竞赛活动路径创新[J]．黄冈职业技术学院学4．形成活动制度。长期以来，一些学校存在临阵报，2014，(02)：25—28．磨枪、搞突击、做表面工作等作风不实的现象。因此[2]郑彩云，缪志波．志愿服务：高职院校提升社会应建立科学化的社会参与运行体系，合理统筹宣传动服务能力的有效途径[J]．淮海工学院学报，员、组织指导、 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 交流、期望评价等一系列工作，将2013，(07)：101—103．组织大学生的社会参与活动建立成为一项长期的、贯穿[3]杨娇珍．高职学生社会参与状况调查与探析一一全年的常态化工作，并纳入高校年度综合考评体系，让以广东省高职院校为例[J]．顺德职业技术学院社会参与在大学生的头脑中形成思维惯性，让大学生在学报，2012，(03)：29—33．广泛的社会参与中树立敏感的参与意识。[4]许志跃．浅议高职学生的政治参与[J]．湖州职5．打造校园平台。高校应充分利用好校园网络，业技术学院学报，2009，(03)：85—87+94．打造社会参与的网络平台，一方面及时发布各类有关社基金项目：会参与的信息，为大学生的社会参与的信息获取提供信1．2014年度江苏高校哲学社会科学研究基金资助项息化保障；另一方面，在校园网络平台上要有专职人员目《基于现代职业教育体系构建的高职生社会参与能力针对不同年级不同专业大学生的社会参与提供合理化建创新研究》的阶段性成果之一，项目编议；第三要利用网络的交互性，使大学生通过微博、论号：2014SJB299。坛、填写网络调查等方式，表达他们对社会事务的参与2．2014年江苏省高校辅导员工作研究会专项课题权、知情权和监督权。将虚拟的网络空间打造成实体《法治视野下的高校学生事务管理创新研究》的阶段性化的大学生社会参与的校园网络平台。成果之一，项目编号：14FYHLX32。10010／2017