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　???????????　2008??6?　JournalofHarbinInstituteofVocationalTechnology?109??、????????????????，??????Samo-var?????：“????????????????????????????????????????????????”。?????????????，?????，?????。?????????????????????。???????????????????、???????????????，??????????、???，????????????????????。?????????????????。?????????，????、??、??，???????????????。???????????????????????。???????????????：???????????????????????。????????????????????，???????????????????。???????????????。???????????????????????????。????????????????????????????????????????。?、????????????????????????????????：????（?????????????）????????（????????????）???。???????????????、?????????。（?）???????????????????????。?????????????????、??、??????????????????：??、??、??、??、???。??????????????、?????，??9????，??????????????????、????。???????、?摸?????????????。????，???????????????????????????，????????????????????。?????，???????????。11至14????，???????????????????。??????1??????????。??????????[????]3[????]???（），?，????????????，????：???，??????。?：???????????????????????。????：53。?????：H319　　?????：A　　????：1008?8970?（2008）06?0109?02非言语交际能力的习得???（?????，??????150080）??：?????????????????。????????????????????，?????????????，????????????????????????，???????，????????????。??????????????、??、??、???????????????。??????????????至???，?????????????????。???：???????；??；????；???????，?????????????。?????摸??????????。???????????????。?????????、?????。??????，??????????????????、??、???。?????，????????，????????。????????，????????????。9???????????????。??????????：????????????????????；????????至???????????；????????????????；????????，????，???????。???，????????????（mimicgesture）???????????????????????（emblematicgesture），????????。???????，????????????????。??，???????????????????????。??LaFrance?Mayo?????：“???????????????????????????????。???????????????????????。???????，?????????????????、?????????，??????????。”（?）?????????????????????????。?????????????辩??????。???????????????????????。1至3??????，?????????????????????，???????????????????。????????，????????????，???????????。???????，???????????????????。??????????????。??????????????。????TiffanyField?????3?????????????????，???????????????????????????????。??7????，??????????????????。Harrigan?????????????????????????：3??????48％；6??62％；9??73％；12??82％。?????????????????。???3???，?????“??”、“??”、“??”??????。??，2008-09-01970-2007112210　???????????　2008??6?　JournalofHarbinInstituteofVocationalTechnology?110?????????????????，????????????。??，???????，?????????，??????，?????????????????。???????????????????????。????????????????????。??????，4至6???????????????????????。4??????????????????。???????????????。6???????????????，???????????????????????。???????，??????????????????。????????????????致?，?????：“????”，???????????，3至4????????????????，?10???????????????，??????????????????。?、???????????????????????????????、??、??、????????????????。????????????????????????。?????????（????），????????????????????????。????????（????），???????????????。??????????????????，???，????????????。????????，???????，???????。?????????????，??????????，???????????????????。????????，???????????，??????????，???????????????。???????，??????????????????????，???????????。?????????????????????，??????????。?????????????，?????????????????????。??????????????????、??，??????????????????????。????????????????????，??????????????，???????????????????。?????????????????、???????，????，?????????至??????。“?????????????????，?????????????????；????。”Camras???????????????，?????????????????????????，?????：??，?????????????????，???????????。??，????????????????????????致，????????，??????????。??，????????????、????，???????????????????。??????????????????????????????。??????????????、??、?????、????、????????，?????????????，????。????????????，?????????????，?????????。?????????，??????????，???????????????。Goodwyn???????，????，????????????????，??????????????????。???11?????????。????????，?????????????????????????，?????????????????????????，?????????。???15??，19??，24???36?????????，?????????????????????。?????????????????????????????。?????????、??、?????????????????；???????、??、???????????????；????????????????????????????????????。?、?????????????????????????????。Anderson??，???????，?????????，???????????：“???????????，??????????????。??????????????????，?????????????????????????????????。”???????，???????????????????，????????????????，??????????????????????????????，???????????????????????????。????????，???????????????。??????????????????????：??，????????????????，????????????????????????。??，?????，?????????，????????。??，???????????????，????????。[????][1]Andersen,P.A.Indifferentdimensions:Nonverbalcommunicationandculture[C].InL.A.Samovar&R.E.Porter(Eds),InterculturalCommunication:AReader(10thedition).Belmont,CA.:Wadsworth/ThomsonLearning,2003.[2]Argyle,MBodilycommunication[M].Madison,Conn.:InternationalUni-versitiesPress,1988.[3]Buck,R.TheCommunicationofEmotion[M].NewYork:Guilford,1984.[4]Camras,L.A.Socializationofaffectcommunication[C].InM.Lewis&C.Saarni(Eds),TheSocializationofEmotions.NewYork:Plenum,1985.[5]Field,T.Individualdifferencesintheexpressivityofneonatesandyougchildren[C].inR.S.Feldman(Ed).DevelopmentofNonverbalBehaviorinChildren.NewYork:Springer-Verlag,1982.[6]Goodwyn,S.W.,Acredolo,L.P.,&Brown,C.A.Impactofsymbolicgesturingonearlylanguagedevelopment[J].JournalofNonverbalBehavior,(24),2000:81-103.[7]Halberstadt,A.G..Towardanecologyofexpressiveness:Familysocial-izationinparticularandamodelingeneral[C].InR.S.Feldmand&B.Rime(Eds).FundamentalsofNonverbalBehavior.NewYork:CambridgeUniversity)Press,1991.[8]Harrigan,I.Theeffectsoftaskorderonchildren’sidentificationoffacialexpressions[J].MotivationandEmotion,(8),1984:157-169.[9]Hodgins,H.S.&Koestner,R.Theoriginsofnonverbalsensitivity[J].Per-sonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,19,1993:466-473.[10]LaFrance,M.&Mayo,C.MovingBodies:NonverbalCommunicationinSocialRelationships[M].Belmont,Calif.:Wadsworth,1978.[11]Phillips,R.D.,Wagner,S.H.,Fells,C.A.,&Lynch,M.Doinfantsrecog-nizeemotionsinfacialexpressions?Categoricalandmetaphoricalevidence[J].In-fantBehaviorandDevelopment.(13),1990:71-84.[12]Post,B.,&Hetherington,E.M.Sexdifferencesintheuseofproximityandeyecontactinjudgmentsofaffiliationinpreschoolchildren[J].DevelopmentalPsychology,(10),1974:881-889.[13]Remland,M.NonverbalCommunicationinEverydayLife[M].Boston:HoughtonMifflinCompany,2004.[14]Samovar,L.A.,Porter,R.E.&Stefani,L.A.CommunicationBetweenCultures[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,2000.[15]Scainfe,M.&Bruner,J.S.Thecapacityforjointvisualattentionintheinfant[J].Nature,253,1975:265-266.[16]Tomasello,M.&Camaioni,L.Acomparisonofthegesturalcommunica-tionofapesandhumaninfants[J].HumanDevelopment,40,1997:7-24.[17]Trotter,R.J.Theplay’sthething[J].PsychologyToday,(21),1987:27-34.[18]Wolff,P.H.Observationontheearlydevelopmentofsmiling[C].InDe-terminantsofInfantBehavior,(vol.1)ed.byB.M.Foss.London:Metheun,1963.19]Wolff,P.H.Thenaturalhistoryofcryingandothervocalizationsinearlyinfancy[C].InB.M.Foss(ed).Determinantsofinfantbehavior,(vol.iv)London:Metheun,1969.[]???????????[M]??：??????????，（????：???）20..1999.