4.compare and contrast

nullInternal Structure of an EssayInternal Structure of an EssayCompare and ContrastnullA well-written essay has a logical flow All essays should have an Introduction, Development section, and a Conclusion. 3 steps to selecting the internal structure 3 steps to selecting the internal structure 1. Select the writing type to clarify the purpose: (p54) Description: painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene. Narration: to give an account of an event or a series of events. Exposition: expounding or explaining. Argumentation: to convince.null2. Select the structure that best suits the purpose of the essay: Description: space Narration: time order or process Exposition & Argumentation: illustration division and classification comparison and contrast cause and effect definitionnull3. Select the logical order to present the information: Point by Point Subject by Subject Compare and Contrast Compare and Contrast The writer explains or clarifies one of the following three purposes: To show the reader the similarities and differences between two things to help the reader understand or evaluate them; To show the superiority of one thing by comparing it with another; or To present information about something unfamiliar by comparing it with something familiar. nullDo you have a computer? Do you have a girlfriend or wife? If you have both of them, you will find that they have much in common. When you have a girlfriend or a wife, no matter how nice she is, there will always be someone who seems nicer than she, but you still love her and believe she is the best. If you buy a computer, you can certainly find many others in the shop windows which are much more capable and run much faster. But, your own one is still the one you like most. If a girl is angry with you, she never tells you why; she just keeps silent. When computers refuse to work, they don't tell you the reason either. They just say, "Error!" You have to find out what is wrong all by yourself. Girls and computers are both easy to get angry. And, it's always your fault. Well, if you have a computer, don't complain too much. Take your medicine like a man, because she is a girl! Keep in mind the following guidelines Keep in mind the following guidelines Only items of the same general class should be compared. Good compare and contrast writing tells the reader not the obvious but the significant similarities and differences. Compare and contrast writing should be supported by concrete evidence and relevant facts. Compare and contrast writing should make a point. The information should be balanced. Each item should be given equal treatment, either point-by-point, or subject-by-subject. Point by Point Point by Point Discusses each item/subject under each of the points the writer is making When writing about School X and School Y: I. Student Body A. School X B. School Y II . Teaching Staff A. School X B. School Y III. Library and other Facilities A. School X B. School Y IV. Campus A. School X B. School Y Subject by Subject Subject by Subject Discuss all of the various aspects of one subject before moving on to the next subject School X Student Body Teaching Staff Library and other Facilities Campus School Y Student Body Teaching Staff Library and other Facilities CampusPractice: Write an outlinePractice: Write an outlineThe Country versus the City Considering the differences between the country and the city, I would much rather live in the country than the city. In the country, I can hear the pleasant, relaxing sounds of birds singing. I can breathe clean, fresh air and enjoy the blue sky, green grass and trees, and colorful flowers. I can see rabbits hopping around the backyard and squirrels playing in the trees. In the city, however, I would be denied all this. Instead, I would hear the nerve-wrecking sounds of city traffic: screeching brakes, rumbling trucks, and blaring horns. I would breathe only polluted air, full of exhaust fumes and factory smoke. There would be only crowded, littered streets and sidewalks to look at, and the only animals I would see would be dogs dirtying telephone poles. City life is definitely not for me. Outline:Outline:Introduction A. Country life 1. sound: pleasant (bird singing, etc.) 2. air: clean 3. appearance: lively (green grass, hopping rabbits, etc.) B. City life 1. sound: nerve-wrecking (screeching brakes, etc.) 2. air: polluted (factory smoke, etc.) 3. appearance: ugly (littered streets, dogs dirtying telephone poles, etc.) Conclusion Where to Study Where to Study One major decision which faces the American student ready to begin higher education is the choice of attending a large university or a small college. The large university provides a wide range of specialized departments, as well as numerous courses within such departments. The small college, however, generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but offers a better student-faculty ratio, thus permitting individualized attention to students. Because of its large student body (often exceeding 20,000), the university exposes its students to many different cultural, social, and extracurricular programs. On the other hand, the smaller student body of the small college affords greater opportunities for direct involvement and individual participation in such activities. Finally the university closely approximates the real world; it provides a relaxed, and impersonal existence. In contrast, the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the student four years of structured living in which to prepare for the real world. In making his choice among educational institutions the student must, therefore, consider many factors.Outline:Outline:Introduction A. Courses 1. university: numerous 2. college: limited B. Student activities 1. university: many different kinds 2. college: direct involvement and participation C. Life 1. university: relaxed and impersonal 2. college: structured and personal Conclusion Structure words of comparisonStructure words of comparisonsimilarly, likewise, also, too as, just as and like(+noun), just like(+noun), similar to(+noun) be similar to, be the same as, be alike not only …but also, both… and to compare to, to compare withStructure words of contrast (concessive) Structure words of contrast (concessive) however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still although, even though, though but, yet despite+noun, in spite of+nounStructure words of contrast (strong opposition) Structure words of contrast (strong opposition) however, in contrast, in/by comparison, on the other hand, on the contrary while, whereas but to be different from, to differ from, to compare with, to be dissimilar, to be unlikenullAssignment Write an essay developed by comparison or contrast.