压差平衡阀的作用

压差平衡阀的作用 罐的众多用户。2006年以来液化气价格一再飚升，最高在100元左右，最低也达到80元每罐。这个价格对于许多平均工资水平在1000元以下、却往往不能享受到管道煤气的家庭，实在是不小的负担。但与 此同时，以2004年中国天然气消费量为390亿立方米计算，中石油、中石化及中海油三大能源巨头将增加39亿元的收益。 一、材质: of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 阀体 球墨铸铁 电动执行器外壳 铝合金 阀套 不锈钢 阀芯 黄铜 二、动态平衡电动调节阀技术参数: 压差范围 流量范围 工作 流量 流体 产品型号 阀门形式 规格 压力 误差 温度 (KPa) (m0/h) A/D-EDRV1 DN25 30-300 0.2-2.9 A/D-EDRV2 DN32 30-300 0.5-4-7 A/D-EDRV3 DN40 30-300 1-7-7 A/D-EDRV4 DN50 30-300 2-12.1 A/D-EDRV8 DN65 30-300 3-20.4 0-100二通 A/D-EDRV9 DN80 30-300 5-30.8 PN16 5, ? A/D-EDRV10 DN1OO 30-300 10-45.3 A/D-EDRV11 DN125 30-300 15-70-7 A/D-EDRV12 DN150 30-300 20-101.8 A/D-EDRV13 DN200 33-300 5.0-360 A/D-EDRV14 DN250 22-210 4.O-460 ※注: A-EDRV动态平衡电动调节阀配直行程电动执行器 D-EDRV动态平衡电动调节阀配角行程电动执行器 三、动态平衡电动调节阀尺寸参数: 阀门形外形及安装尺寸 (mm) 产品型号 规格 式 L H1 H2 D(φ)法兰 G螺纹 A/D-EDRV1 DN25 160 265 70 G1 二通 A/D-EDRV2 DN32 180 275 70 G1-1/4 丝口 A/D-EDRV3 DN40 300 290 90 G1-1/2 A/D-EDRV4 DN50 300 290 90 G2 A/D-EDRV5 DN32 160 220 70 1OO A/D-EDRV6 DN40 200 235 110 110 A/D-EDRV7 DN50 215 230 115 125 二通 A/D-EDRV8 DN65 230 238 120 145 法兰 A/D-EDRV9 DN80 275 275 146 160 A/D-EDRV10 DNl00 290 295 165 180 A/D-EDRV11 DNl25 315 307 208 21O of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical A/D-EDRV12 DNl50 350 326 205 240 A/D-EDRV13 DN200 430 715 295 295 A/D-EDRV14 DN250 520 740 345 355 一、使用范围: 本阀门是一种本平衡阀，适用于各种液体管路系统，是一种较为理想的新型节能阀门。该阀设有刻度的数字显示，可直观调到任一位置，并可锁定。 工洲牌WM105型动态流量平衡阀主要应用于工业和民用建筑采暖管路系统。目前在一些管纲系统中存在着水力失调问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，平衡阀提供了解决这一问题的手段，用它可以准确的调节压降和流量，用以改善管纲系统中液体流动状况，达到管纲液体平衡和节约能源的目的。 在双管纲工程改造中，应用此阀门仍可节约能源，得到较好效果。 二、使用范围: S P 型号 备注 1SP45F-10 5 - 试验压力 1.5MPa(15kgf/cm2) 工作压力 1MPa(10??kgf/cm2) 工作温度 ?120? 适用介质 水、油和其他液体 特性曲线 等百分比 安装使用管纲系统的主干、分支干、室内供水干管、分支立管以及多台锅炉 范围 三、工洲牌SP45平衡阀性能参数: DD重量D D1 N-d h L H KG N 2 50 141190 4-14 16 2110 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 0 0 39 0 5 2216131165 4-14 16 7213 0 0 0 0 0 3219151280 4-18 18 1318 0 0 8 0 0 32102117144-18 18 5623 0 0 0 8 0 0 42122420178-18 18 0934 5 0 0 8 0 0 43152622208-18 18 8340 0 5 5 2 0 0 54203228258-18 22 30 0 0 0 4 3 0 62537333012-124 2 0 5 5 9 8 2 63044393612-224 9 0 0 5 3 2 8 四、工洲牌SP15内螺纹数字锁定平衡阀尺寸参数: DZ重量L S H KG N G 111/9311 5 20 0 0 ” 3112/3121.5 0 46 5 0 ” 11214221.8 5 ” 6 5 5 5113/4432 2 45 0 0 ” of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 3114/6642.5 0 20 0 0 ” 曲线图 左图为在种阀门的流量特性曲线，本厂生产的是其中等百分比特性阀门。 从曲线图上可知给开度一个相等的变化率，则流量的变化率相等，其特点是开度大时流量大，开度小时则流量小。而工程中大都在流量大时应用，等百分比阀门洽洽适用这各要求。根据这一特点，可以自如的予置某一流量(快开阀门和线性阀门则不具备这种功能)而且当需要变化时，还能知道变化量，达到理想状态。 一、产品[KPT平衡阀]概述: 由于该阀上设有开启度指示，开度锁定装置及用于流量测定的测压小阀，所以只要在各支路及用户入口装上适当规格的平衡阀，并用专用智能仪表进行一次性调试后锁定，将系统的总流水量控制在合理范围内，从而克服了“大流量，小温差”的不合理现象。该产品是供热系统中的理想产品，最高介质温度为200? ,欢迎选购。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 二、主要技术参数: 公试验工作压力 称压力 工作介质 介质温度 压壳密P20 P16 力 体 封 21 水、蒸汽 1.6 ..1.5 1.6 ?200? 4 6 三、主要技术参数: 零件阀体、阀盖、阀瓣、手轮、填阀杆、密封阀杆螺母 垫圈 填料 名称 料压套 圈 材料 铸铁 不锈钢 铸钢 橡胶石棉网 膨胀石墨 四、工洲牌KPT平衡阀主要尺寸参数: 尺 寸 型号 公称压力 公称通径 HL H D0 1 111 15 35680 0 0 0 111 20 56780 0 0 0 KPT-16 1.6 111 25 68980 0 2 7 112 32 89090 0 2 7 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 222 40 057100 0 0 0 222 50 368120 0 4 4 234 65 981200 0 0 0 344 80 114200 0 3 8 345 100 560240 0 6 6 455 125 049240 0 0 5 466 150 828360 0 3 8 667 200 086400 0 7 2 778 250 386500 0 2 7 1890300 51500 00 4 9 1990350 86680 70 8 3 111 101400 680 035 0 7 2 111 144500 544 0 0 0 600 111 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 277 099 0 0 0 五、平衡阀安装使用事项: 平衡阀的安装位置:平衡阀可以安装在供水或回水管上，一般我们建议安装的回水管上，尤其对于高温环路为方便调试，更要装在回水管上，安装了平衡阀的供(回)水管就不必再设截止阀。 一、产品[WM-Static平衡阀]概述: 产品名称:WM-Static平衡阀 产品概述:工洲牌WM-Static平衡阀系列是一种具有特殊功能的调节型阀门，具有良好的流量特性，能够合理地分配流量，实现流量定量，可以有效地解决供热(空调)系统中存在的室温冷热不均问题。由于该阀门设有开启度指示、开度锁定装置及用于流量测定的总水量控制在合理的范围内，从而克服了“大流量，小温差”的不合理现象。该产品是供热系统中的理想产品。WM-Static平衡阀系列既可安装在供水管上，也可以安装在回水管上，一般我们建议安装在回水管上，尤其对于高温环路，为方便调试，更要装在回水管上，安装了平衡阀的供(回)水管不必再设截止阀。 技术规范:公称压力:1.6MPa 工作介质:冷热水、燃气、油等 工作温度:T?110? 螺纹 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 :55?英制管螺纹 结构与说明:1、采用了新型的“O”形圈密封结构，既保证了密封的良好，无渗透现象，也使调节阀门时手柄旋转轻便自如; 2、采用倾斜式阀心和阀杆，使阀内流体比垂直式阀心和阀杆更流畅，性能更优良; 3、阀杆采用螺杆套筒式结构，增大阀门开度，阀杆不升高，因此大大减小了安装空间; 4、采用数码方式显示阀门开度，使开度指示更加精确、直观、清晰; 5、阀体结构经计算机模拟 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 ，既保证了阀体强度，也使阀门总体重减轻近30%，便于安装、搬运; 6、平衡阀阀体采用热锻工艺成型，显著提高机械性能，表面平整光洁，外形精致美观; 7、阀芯、阀杆、锁定杆、为关键零部件全部采用黄铜制造，显著提高机械性能和使用寿命。 二、采用标准: 法兰连接尺寸 结构长度 压力试验 DIN、ANSI、GB(适合中国地区) DIN、ANSI API 598 三、工洲牌WM-Static平衡阀主要尺寸: DN(mm) L H 15 94 60 20 94 60 25 104 62 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 32 115 65 40 120 68 50 140 72 一、产品[丝口平衡阀]的详细资料: 产品型号:JP11F 产品名称:丝口平衡阀 产品特点:工洲牌平衡阀是一种具有特殊功能的阀门。通过安装平衡阀可以将系统的总水量控制在合理的范围内,从而克服:流量大，小温差:的不合理运行工况。还可以有效地解决供热(空调)系统中存在的室温冷热不均问题。 二、外型尺寸和连接尺寸: 重量 型号 Type G(DN) L H D0 Weight(kg) 1/2 110 140 75 1.53 3/4 120 140 75 1.65 JP11F-16 1 130 160 75 2.08 11/4 140 220 100 3.71 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 11/2 170 245 120 5.18 2 200 290 120 8.4 一、产品[截止式流量平衡阀]的详细资料: 产品型号:KPF 产品名称:截止式流量平衡阀 产品特点:工洲牌平衡阀是一种具有特殊功能的阀门。通过安装平衡阀可以将系统的总水量控制在合理的范围内,从而克服:流量大，小温差:的不合理运行工况。还可以有效地解决供热(空调)系统中存在的室温冷热不均问题。 二、性能规范: 公试验 称压力工作压力(Mpa) 压介质温度 (Mpa) 工作介质 力 (?) 壳密(P20 P12 体 封 M of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical pa ) 21.1.水，蒸汽 .1.5 1.6 6 76 4 三、工洲牌截止式流量平衡阀主要尺寸: 主要连接尺寸 公称压力 公称通径 H(PN) (DN) L H D0 1 111 15 35680 0 0 0 111 20 56780 0 0 0 111 25 68980 0 2 7 112 32 89090 0 2 7 222 40 057100 0 0 0 222 50 368120 1.6Mpa 0 4 4 234 65 981200 0 0 0 344 80 114200 0 3 8 345 100 560240 0 6 6 455 125 049240 0 0 5 466 150 828360 0 3 8 667200 400 086 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 0 7 2 778 250 386500 0 2 7 1890300 51500 00 4 9 1990350 86680 70 8 3 111 101400 680 035 0 7 2 一、产品[法兰式平衡阀]的详细资料: 产品型号:KPF-16 产品名称:法兰式平衡阀 产品特点:该阀是一种具有特殊功能的阀门，具有良好的流量特性，合理分配流量，实现流量定量，有效地解决供热(空调)系统中存在的室温冷热不均问题。 由于该阀上设有开启度指示，开度锁定装置及用于流量测定的测压小阀，所以只要在各支路及用户入口装上适当规格的平衡阀，并用专用智能仪表进行一次性调试后锁定，将系统的总流水量控制在合理范围内，从而克服了“大流量，小温差”的不合理现象。该产品是供热系统中的理想产品，最高介质温度为200? ,欢迎选购。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 二、主要技术参数: 公试验工作压力 称压力 工作介质 介质温度 压壳密P20 P16 力 体 封 21 水、蒸汽 1.6 ..1.5 1.6 ?200? 4 6 三、主要技术参数: 零件阀体、阀盖、阀瓣、手轮、填阀杆、密封阀杆螺母 垫圈 填料 名称 料压套 圈 材料 铸铁 不锈钢 铸钢 橡胶石棉网 膨胀石墨 四、工洲牌法兰式平衡阀主要尺寸参数: 尺 寸 型号 公称压力 公称通径 HL H D0 1 111 15 35680 0 0 0 111 20 56780 0 0 0 111KPT-16 1.6 25 68980 0 2 7 112 32 89090 0 2 7 22240 100 057 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 0 0 0 222 50 368120 0 4 4 234 65 981200 0 0 0 344 80 114200 0 3 8 345 100 560240 0 6 6 455 125 049240 0 0 5 466 150 828360 0 3 8 667 200 086400 0 7 2 778 250 386500 0 2 7 1890300 51500 00 4 9 1990350 86680 70 8 3 111 101400 680 035 0 7 2 111 144500 544 0 0 0 111 600 277 099 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 0 0 0 五、平衡阀安装使用事项: 平衡阀的安装位置:平衡阀可以安装在供水或回水管上，一般我们建议安装的回水管上，尤其对于高温环路为方便调试，更要装在回水管上，安装了平衡阀的供(回)水管就不必再设截止阀。 一、产品说明: 工洲牌ZYF-16型自力式压差控制阀，不需外来能源，依靠被调介质自身压力变化进行自动调节，自动消除管网的剩余压头及压力波动引起的流量变化，恒定用户进出口压差，有助于稳定系统运行。特别适用于分户计量或自动控制系统中。 二、性能与特点: 该阀为双瓣结构，阀杆不平衡力小，结构紧凑，用于供热(空调)水系统中，恒定被控系统的压差，并有以下特点: 1、恒定被控系统压差; 2、支持被控系统内部自主调节; 3、吸收外网压差波动; 4、采用先进的无级调压结构，控制压差可调比达25:1; 5、具备自动消除堵塞功能; 6、法兰尺寸符合GB4216.2中灰铸铁法兰尺寸。 三、技术参数: 1、公称压力1.6MPa; 2、介质温度0-150?; 3、工作压差范围0.02-0.3MPa; 4、控制压差设定值 :0.02MPa;控制压差可调范围0.02-0.3MPa; 5、导压管长度:1.6m 6、导压管连接端尺寸:1/2"管螺纹。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 四、安装调试: 1、介质流动方向应与阀体箭头方向一致; 2、该型阀应安装在回水管上，阀上接导压管，导压管的另一端与供水管连接，建议在导压管供水端安装1/2“球阀，以便启动消除堵塞功能; 3、在导压管前的供水管上应安装过滤网，避免水质太差造成该阀失去自动调节功能; 4、供水管和该阀前的回水管应分别装设压力表，便于调节控制压差; 、如发现该系统流量过大或过小，可能的原因是管道元件安装时的杂物卡阴在阀塞上，可将1/2"球阀关闭5 3-5分钟，这时如果是较轻堵塞，即可自动消除，如还不能消除，则要拆开阀门检查消除堵塞物; 6、控制压差调节方法:逆时针方向调节调压阀杆，观察压差前压力表降低0.01MPa时，控制压差即由设定的0.02MPa增大到0.03MPa，以此类推; 7、该阀的工作压差为0.02-0.03MPa，如安装后发现其工作压差大于0.3MPa时应在供水管上安装手动调节阀，降低热力入口装置处的供、回水管压差，否则，压差阀可能只在小开度下长期工作，会产生噪音，还会大大降低该阀的使用寿命。 五、工洲牌流量平衡阀技术参数: 公称直径阀长流量系数P=20ka时 型号 安装方式 (mm) (mm) (Kv) 控制流量范围(m3h of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical ZYF15-16 DN15 100 0.07-5.4 0.1-1.5 螺纹连接 ZYF20-16 DN20 110 0.07-5.4 0.1-1.5 ZYF25-16 DN25 125 0.1-8.5 0.2-2 ZYF32-16 DN32 180 0.3-13.2 0.5-4 ZYF40-16 DN40 190 0.5-25 1-6 ZYF50-16 DN50 210 0.7-39 2-10 ZYF65-16 DN65 255 1.2-58.4 3-15 ZYF80-16 DN80 290 1.8-80.4 5-25 法兰连接 ZYF100-16 DN100 330 3.0-118 10-35 ZYF125-16 DN125 395 8.0-285 20-80 ZYF200-16 DN200 455 10-603 40-160 ZYF250-16 DN250 535 20-901 75-300 ZYF300-16 DN300 700 25-1390 100-450 ZYF350-16 DN350 810 30-1740 200-650 一、产品[平衡阀]的详细资料: 产品型号:KPF-16型 产品名称:平衡阀 产品特点:型平衡阀是一种具有特殊功能的阀门，具有良好的流量特性，能够合理的本厂生产的KPF一16 分配流量，实现流量定量，可以有效地解决供热(空调)系统中存在的室温冷热不匀问题。由于该阀门设有开启度指示(开度锁定装置及用于流量测定的测压小阀，所以只要在各支路及用户入口装上适当规格的平衡阀，并用专用智能仪表进行一次性调试后锁定，将系统的总水量控制在合理的范围内，从而克服了”大流量，小温差”的不合理化现象。该产品是供热系统中的理想产品，最高介质温度为1 00?，欢迎选购。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 二、主要技术参数: 公试验 称压力工作压力(MPa) 压(MPo) 工作介力 介质温度 (?) 质 壳密PNP20 P12 体 封 (M Pa) 2 1 水 1 6 1 5 1 6 0-100 4 76 三、主要零件材料: 阀体、阀盖、 零件名阀杆 阀瓣、填料压阀杆螺母 垫圈 填料 称 密封圈 套 材料 灰铸铁 不锈钢 铸铜 橡胶石棉板 膨胀石墨 四、工洲牌KPF一16型平衡阀主要外型尺寸(法兰连接PNl.6MPA按JB,T79—94标准): 型号 KPF-16 公称压力1.6 PN(Mpa) 6公称通径10121520253035405015 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 0DN(MPa) 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13151618202329313540484962697891972L 尺0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 8 7 4 8 9寸 5 (m1m) 15161819252638414454626878919610147H 0 0 2 2 0 4 0 3 6 0 3 7 2 4 8 37 40 9 0 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 1 16171920272841445059687686101011147H1 0 0 7 7 0 4 0 8 6 5 8 2 7 09 73 52 40 9 0 18101220202424364050506868D0 80 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 五、平衡阀安装使用注意事项: 平衡阀的安装位置:平衡阀既可以安装在供水管上，也可以安装在回水管上。一般我们建议装在回水管上，尤其对于高温环路为方便调试，更要装在回水管上，安装了平衡阀的供(回)水管就不必再设截止阀。 一、产品[数字锁定平衡阀]的详细资料: 产品型号:SP45、SPl5 产品名称:数字锁定平衡阀 产品特点:本阀门是一种平衡阀，适用于各种液体管路系统，是一种较为理想的新型节能阀门。该阀设有刻度的数字显示，可直观调到任一位置，并可锁定。 该阀主要应用于工业和民用建筑采暖管路系统。目前在一些管网系统中存在着水力失调问题，平衡阀提供了解决这一问题的手段(用它可以准确的调节压降和流量(用以改善管网系统中液体流动状况，达到管网液体平衡和节约能源的目的。在双管网工程改造中，应用此阀门仍可节约能源，得到较好的效果。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 二、主要性能及使用规范: 型号 备注 Sp15-10 16 Sp45-10 16 试验压力 2.4MPa(24kgf/cm2) 工作压力 ?1.6MPa(16kgf/cm2) 工作温度 ?120? 适用介质 水、油和其它液体 - 特性曲线 等百分比 管网系统的主干、分支 安装使用范围 干、室内供水千管、分 支立管及多台锅炉 三、工洲牌数字锁定平衡阀SP45F-11/60型主要外形及连接尺寸(法兰连接尺寸按JB,79—94标准): DN L H 32 180 230 40 200 242 50 230 250 65 290 260 80 310 329 100 350 340 125 400 424 150 480 454 200 550 517 250 622 573 300 698 617 350 787 705 四、工洲牌数字锁定平衡阀SPl5F一型主要外形及连接尺寸: DN ZG L S H 重量kg 15 1,2” 100 27 128 1 20 3,4” 115 33 128 1.5 25 1” 125 46 130 1 8 32 5,4” 140 55 150 2 40 3,2“ 160 55 187 2 5 下图为几种阀门的流量特性曲线，本厂生产的是其中等百分比特性阀门。从曲线图上可知开度一个相等的变化率，则流量的变化率相等，其特点是开度大时流量大，开度小时则流量小。而工程中大都在流量大时of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 应用，等百分比阀门洽洽适用这种要求。根据这一特点，可以自如的予置某一流量(快开阀门和线性阀门则不具备这种功能)而且当需要变化时，还能知道变化量。达到理想状态。 一、产品[自力式平衡阀]的详细资料: 产品型号:ZLF-16型 产品名称:自力式平衡阀 产品特点:工洲牌ZLF-16型自力式平衡阀，是一种利用介质自身的压力变化进行自我控制而保持流经该被控系统流量不变的阀门，并具有流量指示，调节方便，适用于供热空调等非腐蚀性介质的流量控制。运行前一次性调节，即可使系统流量自动恒定在要求的设定值。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 二、主要技术参数: 型号 公称压力 壳体试验压力 使用介质 介质温度 水、油等非腐蚀性液体 ZLF-16 16MPa 24MPa 0,100? 三、工洲牌ZLF型自力式平衡阀主要外型尺寸(法兰连接PNl.6MPA按JB,T79—94标准): 10121520253035备注 DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1111162021232729313543526367L 110 0 5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 101313141719202528323537H1 72 72 81 8 8 8 3 0 3 8 4 9 5 7 2 DNl5.214141518222630364349H2 70 70 74 91 211 5 7 7 4 9 7 0 3 7 0 5 为螺纹流量101520连接 40 控制 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 3 5 10 15 30 0 0 0 , 范围,,,,,,,,,,,,,,18m3,1 1.5 2 4 6 10 15 25 35 50 80 3015700 h 0 00 0 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 一、产品[自力式平衡阀]的详细资料: 产品型号:ZL47F-16型 产品名称:自力式平衡阀 产品特点:工洲牌ZL47F-16型自力式平衡阀，主要是由一个自动调节阀瓣和手动调节阀瓣组成。利用介质自身的压力变化为动力，自动调节各支管路流量的平衡，准确稳定流量，同时具有开度指示，锁定、关闭等功能。适用于“供热、空调等非腐蚀性介质的流量控制。运行前一次性调节，即可使系统流量自动恒定在要求的设定值。 二、主要技术参数: 型号 公称压力 壳体试验压力 使用介质 介质温度 水、油等非腐蚀性ZL47F-16 1.6MPa 2.4MPa 0,100? 液体 三、工洲牌ZL47F型自力式平衡阀主要外型尺寸(法兰连接尺寸按GB4216): 公称通径 尺 寸(mm) (mm) L H1 H2 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 15 110 122 70 20 110 122 70 25 115 137 74 32 160 182 91 40 200 191 147 50 215 197 147 65 230 205 154 80 275 259 181 100 290 268 211 125 315 334 227 150 350 357 260 200 430 407 303 250 520 452 367 300 635 486 430 350 670 555 495 据国家统计局的统计，,,,,年全国城镇钢铁项目完成投资额为,,,,(,亿元，同比下降,(,,，钢铁投资占全国投资的比重由,,,,年的,(,,下降到,,,,年的,(,,。钢铁业成为国内唯一出现投资负增长的行业。 钢铁业投资上一次出现负增长是在上世纪,,年代中后期。,,,,年至,,,,年钢铁业连续,年投资均呈负增长，年均增长率为,,(,,。,,,,年至,,,,年，中国钢铁业进入了一个投资快速增长时期，年增长率均在,,,以上，最高峰时增速甚至超过了,,,,。“十五”期间共完成钢铁投资额,,,,多亿元，比 “九五”期间增长了,(,倍。,,,,年开始，国家通过严把土地管理和银行信贷两道闸门，对钢铁业进行了一系列的宏观调控，铁本、宁波建龙等违规钢铁项目逐渐浮出水面。从开始宏观调控到现在，鲜有大型钢铁项目获批，广东湛江、广西防城港 项目也都在翘首以盼。 “,,,,年国内钢材价格大跌，民间投资对钢铁业的热情逐渐降低。”上海钢之家信息咨询有限公司总经理吴文章昨天告诉《第一财经日报》，以后也不太可能出现民间投资“大炼钢铁”的情况了。 不过，虽然,,,,年钢铁投资出现负增长，但钢铁业在建规模过大、投资结构不合理、产业离散度过高等“痼疾”依然存在。,,,,年依然是钢铁调控年，除了土地管理和银行信贷两道闸门，还增加了市场准入这一新门槛，且新建项目将与落后 产能淘汰相结合。 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 人士认为，钢铁投资的大规模“爆发式”增长基本已结束，但需求仍在，今后平稳增长的水平还是会保持，国家可能采取更加严格的环保和节能标准，并将各地落后产能淘汰与新项目审批相结合。钢铁业的投资近期会以现有钢铁企 业技术改造、升级为主。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 生物质能源产业的发展与人类社会可持续发展 能源，是人类社会赖以生存的重要物质基础。几百年前，人类利用的能源主要是生物质能等传统的可再生能源。工业革命以后，煤炭、石油、天然气等化石能源快速发展，逐渐成为生产生活的主导能源。目前，全球每年能源消费总量已经超过150亿吨标准煤，其中90%左右是化石能源。但是，化石能源储量有限，不可再生。维持目前的能源消耗水平，到下世纪中叶，全球主要化石能源资源将所剩无几。同时，大规模开发和利用化石能源也带来了气候变化、生态破坏等严重的环境问题，直接威胁着人类社会的可持续发展。 生物质能作为自然界的第四大能源，资源分布广，开发潜力大，环境影响小，可以永续利用。自上个世纪七十年代以来，包括生物质能在内的可再生能源的开发利用日益受到世界各国的高度重视，许多国家都制定了相应的发展计划，形成了各具特色的发展模式，产业规模不断扩大，技术水平日趋成熟，成为世界能源领域的一大亮点。生物质能利用技术种类很多，从技术成熟度看，生物质能发电是最具推广潜力的一种，在国外的应用已经非常广泛。生物质能直燃发电作为生物质综合开发应用的重要内容，就是通过高效率的锅炉技术燃烧农作物秸秆、林木废弃物等可燃生物质进行发电。目前，北欧等发达国家已拥有较为成熟的生物质能发电技术，生物质能发电量在发达国家的电力总量中所占比重逐年上升;其中瑞典的生物质能源利用率已占其能源消费总量的16%左右。 钢铁投资6年来首次负增长大炼钢铁时代结束 国家统计局最新发布的统计公报显示，,,,,年中国钢铁投资同比下降,(,,，这是最近,年以来第一次出现负增长。业内人士分析，由于国家对钢铁行业的宏观调控作用已开始显现，今年钢铁业的投资仍将以技术改造升级和落后产能淘汰为主，“大炼钢铁”的时代已经过去。 据国家统计局的统计，,,,,年全国城镇钢铁项目完成投资额为,,,,(,亿元，同比下降,(,,，钢铁投资占全国投资的比重由,,,,年的,(,,下降到,,,,年的,(,,。钢铁业成为国内唯一出现投资负增长的行业。 钢铁业投资上一次出现负增长是在上世纪,,年代中后期。,,,,年至,,,,年钢铁业连续,年投资均呈负增长，年均增长率为,,(,,。,,,,年至,,,,年，中国钢铁业进入了一个投资快速增长时期，年增长率均在,,,以上，最高峰时增速甚至超过了,,,,。“十五”期间共完成钢铁投资额,,,,多亿元，比 “九五”期间增长了,(,倍。,,,,年开始，国家通过严把土地管理和银行信贷两道闸门，对钢铁业进行了一系列的宏观调控，铁本、宁波建龙等违规钢铁项目逐渐浮出水面。从开始宏观调控到现在，鲜有大型钢铁项目获批，广东湛江、广西防城港 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 项目也都在翘首以盼。 “,,,,年国内钢材价格大跌，民间投资对钢铁业的热情逐渐降低。”上海钢之家信息咨询有限公司总经理吴文章昨天告诉《第一财经日报》，以后也不太可能出现民间投资“大炼钢铁”的情况了。 不过，虽然,,,,年钢铁投资出现负增长，但钢铁业在建规模过大、投资结构不合理、产业离散度过高等“痼疾”依然存在。,,,,年依然是钢铁调控年，除了土地管理和银行信贷两道闸门，还增加了市场准入这一新门槛，且新建项目将与落后 产能淘汰相结合。分析人士认为，钢铁投资的大规模“爆发式”增长基本已结束，但需求仍在，今后平稳增长的水平还是会保持，国家可能采取更加严格的环保和节能标准，并将各地落后产能淘汰与新项目审批相结合。钢铁业的投资近期会以现有钢铁企 业技术改造、升级为主。 中国公共产品定价机制不合理涨价不止 由于定价机制不合理，我国水、电、气等公共产品的价格不断上涨，甚至出现“政府定价，企业赚钱，百姓埋单”的怪现象，引起老百姓不少怨言，对此应当给予高度重视。 公共产品定价机制存在的主要问题 真实成本难辨识。和市场竞争形成的价格不同，公共产品价格的制定或调整一般都是沿用传统的成本加成定价法。但由于价格主管部门不参与市场准入、需求管理及运行成本的监控，很难辨别企业上报成本的合理性和真实性。在缺乏竞争和成本约束的情况下，提供公共产品的企业根本没有动力降低自己的生产成本，相反会主动提高生产成本，因为高额的生产成本可以增加话语权和涨价幅度，其结果是公共产品价格随着成本的增加而提高，最终形成“提高成本—企业亏损—提高价格—提高成本”的恶性循环。 市场化成涨价借口。近年来，我国公共产品价格改革出现片面强调市场化倾向，并以此为借口推卸政府提供公共产品的责任。这在教育、医疗卫生方面表现得相当突出。如，近几年我国公共教育投入占GDP的比例只有3%左右，而发达国家为6%~7%，发展中国家也达4.1%。在医疗卫生领域，有统计表明，我国政府医疗保障支出在世界卫生组织190多个成员中倒数第四。 听证会”变成“涨价会”。在公共产品领域，消费者的力量分散，他们天然地处于劣势地位。目前虽然规定了公共产品调价要召开听证会，但调价听证会制度不完善，存在一些问题。一是听证会代表缺乏代表性。目前，听证代表的遴选程序、标准、数量和比例尚未明确，有的代表在开会之前仅做了小范围或比较肤浅的调查，有的甚至没有进行调查，代表性不强。另of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 外，部分听证会主办方在会前就和代表达成了默契，一些与政府部门持不同意见的群众或团体没有充分发言权，甚至无缘与会。如2004年郑州市物价局召开城市供水价格听证会，受影响最大的餐饮业竟没有代表。二是价格听证缺乏透明度。现实生活中相当多的价格听证会存在着“秘密保护”、“信息隔离”的现象，存在着“暗箱操作”、“民主做秀”的嫌疑。如2002年1月的全国铁路价格听证会，参加听证的消费者代表被“秘密保护”，使得听证代表在听证会前不能与广大消费者进行交流。三是听证材料送达时间过迟。法律规定:听证会前10天送达听证材料。但由于材料多、专业性强等因素，有些问题甚至还要去实际调查才能了解清楚，提前10天送达材料，时间太短。在这种情况下，一些听证会质量得不到保障，“听证会”变成“涨价会”。 政企合一难监管。目前，我国对公共产品价格的监管主要是参照《价格法》，尚没有专门的法律法规，而《价格法》对公共产品价格的监管原则、监管机制和定价方法等规定不明确，针对性和操作性不强。此外，大多数公用事业仍具有明显的政企合一特征。如城市煤气、自来水以及电力、邮政和电信等行业都是由相关行业主管部门管理，主管部门既是管理政策的制定者与监督者，又是具体业务的垄断经营者。这种政企不分的做法使公用事业由自然垄断变成行政垄断，导致企业没有竞争压力、效率低下、经营成本高、服务意识差。 财力无法支撑补偿。公共产品是居民的生活必需品，其公益性决定了它不能以追求利润最大化为生产目的，企业因此而损失的利益应通过价格补偿和财政补贴两个渠道得以弥补。但由于各地财力有限，往往无法直接投入或进行补贴，而更多寄希望于通过调价来解决补偿不足问题。另外，公共产品涨价对弱势群体的补偿机制也没有建立起来，引发广大群众特别是低收入人群对公共产品涨价的强烈不满。 完善公共产品定价机制的若干建议 探索采取多种定价方式。政府可以把公共产品的价格区分为竞争价格和垄断价格，对于竞争价格，要放宽市场准入门槛，增加竞争主体，最终由经营者根据市场供求关系和资源配置来确定价格。对于路网、电网、水网等垄断产品价格，可以采取最高限价模型定价方法，为垄断产品设置价格上限，并进行定期调整，以激励经营者提高效率、降低成本。对于供水、排水和污水处理、供热及公共交通等行业，可以采取特许投标制，并在投标和竞标的过程中确定所提供公共产品和服务的价格，这样既可以引入市场竞争机制，又可以实现社会福利的最大化。对于大宗交易如铁路运输、直供电等，允许供求双方通过谈判方式确定价格。另外，还可以合理运用用量差别价格、季节价格、时段价格等多种定价方法，鼓励居民节约用水、用电、用气，建设节约型社会。 建立成本约束机制。进一步贯彻落实《政府制定价格成本监审办法》，明确定价成本构成、审核标准和方法，并向社会公布，逐步建立定调价监审和定期监审相结合的成本监审制度，避免过分依赖企业单方提供的成本资料，增强价格管理的科学性、有效性和权威性。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 完善价格听证制度。价格听证的主体是听证主持人、听证代表和社会中介组织。听证主持人应由物价主管部门担当，听证代表主要由经营者代表和消费者代表两部分组成，消费者代表包括专家、学者代表和一般消费者代表。要合理确定经营者代表和消费者代表的比例，适当增加一般消费者代表的数量，特别要注意保障社会弱势群体的发言权。专家、学者代表人才库，要实行单独、动态、随机管理。支持社会中介组织，如会计师事务所和咨询顾问机构等按照规定的程序参与价格听证会。 气价的“微涨”在社会上产生的反响，远远小于2006年接连两次的成品油价格上调。 3月26日，国家发展改革委发出通知，将汽油和柴油出厂价格每吨分别提高300元和200元。据此，北京市93号汽油由4.26元涨为4.65元，97号汽油由4.54元涨为4.96元。这已是从2004年起的第六次油价上 涨，但还没等人们从此次涨价中缓过神来，5月24日，国家发改委又将汽油、柴油和航空燃油价格分别每吨提高500元。许多地方的油价涨幅在0.45元/升左右。5月23日晚，北京各大加油站已经车满为患 ，人们在奋力争取最后的一点“优惠”。这也算是中国特色的涨价奇观了。 在此之后，是社会强烈的反弹。在新闻上网的很短时间内，网友就留下了一百多页两千多条的质疑声。 石油企业提出了“油价倒挂”的理由，即国内成品油价格的涨幅跟不上国际原油价格的涨幅。只要油价一倒挂，炼油和销售企业就会亏损，石油消费市场就会动荡不安。 国际油价在2006年上半年也确实配合了石油大亨们的说法，1月份国际油价高开高走，2、3月份略有回调，4月份大幅飙升，一举突破每桶70、75美元两个关口，并在4月21日创下每桶75.17美元的历史最 高记录，此后基本稳定在每桶70美元左右的平台，年均价进入每桶60美元高位。进入7月份国际油价又一路攀升，7月14日创出本年度77.95美元/桶新高。 然而，对于石油企业们的说法，民众以及众多的专家学者却并不认可。2005年度中石油以1333.6亿元净利润盖过日本丰田公司成为亚洲最赚钱的公司，这也刷新了其上市以来的盈利纪录，净利润增幅高 达28.4%。有专家指出，国家发改委调高成品油价格，解决不了中石油内部存在的价格机制问题，结果导致炼油企业亏损现象依在，中石油却再次增加利润空间。而国家得到的除了少量的税收和漂亮的 GDP外，就是老百姓大增的负担，再无其它。 与此同时，8月8日之后，在一系列利空因素影响下，国际市场油价呈现单边下跌态势，9月20日跌破60美元/桶，创出最低59.95美元/桶。社会上又是质疑声一片，既然与国际接轨，那怎么能只跟涨不跟 跌呢, 与中石油、中石化这些能源巨头们同样遭受社会谴责的还有国家电力系统。 2006年6月30日，国家发改委开始实施电价调整 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 ，将全国销售电价平均每千瓦时提高2.5分。相关部门再次表示，此次电价调整不大，因此对普通老百姓的影响并不大。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 虽然有传言一位普通电厂抄表工一天抄四次电表就能轻松领取10万元年薪，但是其所在电力行业收益却不尽如人意。国家发改委发布的《电力行业2005年运行分析及2006年趋势预测》报告显示:2005年 电力行业负债合计20663亿元，同比增长11.5%。全行业亏损额127亿元。电力行业有关人士认为每度电需要涨2.52分才能消化电力行业的亏空。 与争吵不休的“煤电之争”相呼应，电力企业称此次电力涨价的根本推动力在于电煤价格的上涨。发改委相关负责人也表示电力提价主要是为了解决煤炭价格上涨、征收大中型水库后期扶持资金和可再 生能源附加、电厂脱硫改造以及电网建设资金不足等问题。但观察人士发现，这次涨价中不烧煤的电网居然占据总涨幅的53%。真正受煤炭价格上涨影响的发电企业获利甚少。 社会舆论的矛头直指电力系统有目共睹的高工资、高福利，以及生产、管理滞后等综合带来的电力产品生产成本的畸高。此后，国家电力系统高调作出回应，表示其员工工资水平将下降20%至50%。但社 会对此并不认同。 在电力涨价的背后是煤炭这一基本能源2006全年价格的高扬。在所有能源中，煤炭应该是市场化程度最高的。但长期以来，其完全成本却模糊不清，导致市场定价方向的偏离。不过，2006年，资源补偿 费、矿业权(含探矿权和采矿权)改革试点已经启动。时近年关，国家发改委下发通知，取消了几十年来存在的煤炭订货会，并彻底放开了煤炭价格，这些都意味着煤炭成本的科学化测算以及随后煤炭价 格的市场化趋向。 不过，就在刚刚过去的年末，为补偿炼油业务亏损，中石化再获50亿元财政补贴，此项资金将计入公司2006年利润总额，并按规定缴纳企业所得税。这已经是中石化近两年来第二次获得巨额补贴。2005 年底，财政部给予中石化集团一次性补偿人民币100亿元。其中，中石化及其附属公司获得一次性补偿人民币94.15亿元。 2006年是单位GDP能耗降低20%的“十一五”规划纲要实施首年，这是我国第一次提出节能降耗约束性指标。但到年末，这一目标并未能实现。造成中国能源消耗过高的原因是多方面的。其中一个关键在 于中国能源价格长期实行不完全成本定价，造成能源价格机制的扭曲，市场规律无法自动调节能源消费行为，使国家降低单位GDP能耗的努力收效甚微。要根本改变目前的高能耗状况，就必须触及能源的 定价机制。 对目前能源价格机制改革的主要质疑声音是，按照市场定价是一个好的方向，但这种改革的前提是要形成竞争的格局。中国的实际情况是，能源巨头垄断市场，很难在短期内实现“定价的市场化”和“ of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 竞争的多元化”，目前的价格市场化完全是垄断下的利润使然。 改革仍在加紧进行，有媒体报道，由国家发改委价格司起草的资源性产品价格改革的方案——《关于深化价格改革促进资源节约和环境保护的意见》，已获得发改委主任办公会议的原则通过，整套方案 的最大变化在于，把环境治理成本和资源枯竭后的退出成本计入石油、天然气、水、电、煤炭和土地等产品的定价中。分析人士称，如果办法通过，意味着相关产品即将迎来新一轮大提价。 出租车司机的高油价生活 2007年的第一天，国定节假日，路上的车明显少于往日。43岁的北京出租车司机张师傅在太平洋百货门口“趴活”近一个小时了，这里集中着大型商场、酒店和写字楼，平常这里打车的人很多，但是今 天他没有等到一个活儿。 “趴活”多了“扫活”少了 张师傅不想满大街地去“扫活”，今天天气很冷，外面的行人并不多，活儿自然也少，跑几十公里也不见得能拉到一个活儿，白白浪费了油钱，还不如“趴活”呢～ 虽然是假日，打车的人少，但是在太平洋百货门口还是排着一长队出租车，记者了解了一下，像张师傅这样想法的司机占多数，有些司机干脆边打盹边等客。 “油钱太贵，说不定等着一个大活呢～今天从早上七点到现在我一共拉了不到六十元的活儿，我寻思着在这里趴个大活，像去个机场什么的，就值当了～”张师傅对记者说。 但是去机场也有苦恼，不想返程空跑的话就去机场排队趴活。“这一等能等三四个小时，全是出租车，排长队～耽搁时间大了，但又没办法，空跑着回来太不划算了。”张师傅说。 张师傅和很多出租车司机一样，选定几个点去趴活，每天要拉500元左右才保本。 “趴活选点很重要，我通常一大早去火车站，完了呢去几个小区门口转转，人们开始上班了，打车的人也多，但是上班高峰最堵车，堵车最费油。我有时也在四环附近的酒店趴活，不怎么堵车，等到大 活儿机率很大。上午就在路上扫活，或者在几个酒店门口等着，去机场的人多。中午呢就到几个写字楼去等，吃饭的人出来了，不少要打车出去吃的，他们走得不远，十块十块地赚很划算，用油不多， 时间也短。下午多数去路上扫活，到下班的时候我又去写字楼趴活。”张师傅说。“大家都这样，趴活加扫活。” 趴活和扫活的结合既能拉活又能节省成本，张师傅的经营经验很多司机都通用。 一脚刹车五毛钱 张师傅是个细心人，他还清楚地记得2006年油价涨价的时间，他一直很关注油价，一听说油要涨价，他就和几个同行闻风而动，去加油站排队加油。 “一次是3月26号，一次是5月24号，我说得没错吧,我开的是伊兰特，加93号油，3月份涨价的时候，从四块两毛六涨到四块六毛五，我们几个师傅一起去加的油，省了一二十块钱。”张师傅笑着说，“ 第二次涨价，从四块六毛五涨到现在的五块零九，加一次油也没省多少钱，但那天排队加油of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 的车非常多，我排了很久才排到，省了十多块钱，反正得加油嘛，能省就省点呗～” 油涨价后张师傅每个月的油费开销也自然增加了，他给记者算了一笔账:现在每天出租车跑 的路程按400公里算，每天耗油36升左右，每升油上涨了八毛三，每个月15个班(张师傅 的车是双班，24小时的 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical