人参、红参、西洋参和人参花的比较

人参、红参、西洋参和人参花的比较 人参味甘，微苦，微温，入肺、脾、胃、心肾经。人参具有大补元气，安神益智，生津固脱，调补五脏，延缓衰老的功效。 人参含有多种有效成分，如:人参皂甙、人参多糖、挥发油等。人参根皂甙中所含的Rb1，比人参茎叶皂甙的多，Rb1对中枢神经系统主要是抑制作用,而人参茎叶皂甙中所含的Rg1比人参根皂甙的多，Rg1对中枢神经系统有轻微的兴奋作用。 人参Rb组皂苷系从五加科人参属植物人参茎叶及西洋参根提取的总皂苷中分离得到的。人参皂苷单体Rb1、Rb2、Rb3均具有钙通道阻滞作用，Rb类有中枢镇静作用,Rb1、Rb2、Rc的混合物有安定作用。 人参皂苷Re具有扩张血管改善心肌作用，人参皂甙—Re作为抗心律失常剂已 申请 关于撤销行政处分的申请关于工程延期监理费的申请报告关于减免管理费的申请关于减租申请书的范文关于解除警告处分的申请 日本专利。 人参皂苷,特别是Rb1和Rg1具有明显的提高记忆、抗衰老作用。 人参皂苷Rg1增强免疫力作用。 人参多糖由人参淀粉和人参果胶两部分组成，药理活性部分主要是人参果胶。人参多糖可明显增强免疫系统的功能并有免疫抗肿瘤和辅助抗肿瘤活性。另外，人参多糖还有降血糖以及调控血细胞生成的作用。 人参总皂甙可能促进各系造血祖细胞的增殖与分化,这可能是人参“补气生血”和调节免疫功能的细胞与分子生物学机理之一。 高丽红参性偏温，适合气弱阳虚症。在红参加工全过程中,人参二醇型丙二酸单酰基人参皂苷Rb1(简称M2Rb1)主要被水解转化为20S人参皂苷Rg3和Rb1,其次为人参皂苷Rd和Rh2 。人参三醇型中的人参皂苷Re水解生成人参皂苷Rg2、Rh1和Rg1。麦芽糖和精氨酸经加热在酸性条件下产生了精氨酸糖苷，具有增强免疫、扩张血管及抑制小肠麦芽糖酶的活性。红参中的特征成份为Rh2。 西洋红参、西洋参不含Rf ,而中国红参含有Rf ,这是人参与西洋参区别的特征性成分。西洋红参与西洋参成分相近,均以人参二醇型皂甙类( Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rd) 为主,而Re 含量较高为特点。 engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the 西洋红参与中国红参化学成分不同,除中国红参含有Rf外,Rg1远远高于西洋红参和西洋参,所以中国红参具有兴奋作用,这是西洋红参与西洋参具有安神镇静作用的区别点。 红参直接兴奋心肌、加强心肌收缩力、改善病态心脏功能、抗心律失常等。具有末梢血管的扩张作用，Rb1的作用最强。红参是血小板凝集抑制剂。在临床病例中也有主诉身体发烧、四肢温热、颜面潮红等现象者, 因而可推测为红参的扩张血管作用。 人参皂甙Rg3和人参皂甙Rh2具有抑制肿瘤细胞的粘附、浸润、增殖以及抗肿瘤新生血管的形成作用,从而有显著的抗肿瘤作用。 寒、热、温、凉是中药药性功能的高度概括,在某种程度上亦是物质热物理、热化学、热生物属性的重要反映。温热药作用于机体一般表现为功能的亢奋,机体功能亢奋则需要消耗较多的能量,就会产生较多的热量;反之,寒凉药作用于机体一般表现为功能的抑制,机体功能抑制,则消耗能量较少或抑制产热。人参加工成生晒参和红参以后，生晒参在浓度很低时就表现出很强的抑菌作用,而红参的抑菌作用相对较弱。红参比白参有更强的抗肝毒活性, 这与红参含有特有的皂甙和比白参含有更多的20(S)-人参皂甙Rg2、Rh1和20(R)-人参皂甙Rg3 有关。 西洋参具有补气养阴, 清火生津的功效。性偏寒凉, 对气虚而阴津耗伤有热者最为适宜。“凡欲用人参而不受人参之温补者”皆可以西洋参代之。大量的实验资料 证明 住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问 , 西洋参的皂苷成分与人参的基本相同,只是在单体苷的组成和含量上有差别,西洋参中人参二醇型皂苷Rb组含量较高，人参三醇型皂苷Rg组含量较低。化学研究证明人参根中的Rg1和Rb2的含量是西洋参根含量的4.4和6.5倍，而西洋参根中的Rbl和Re的含量是人参根含量的3.5和4.6倍。不少学者曾报道，Rgl和Rbl分别具有中枢兴奋和抑制作用。据 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 人参茎叶中的化学组成，Re和Rb1的含量较高。 人参与西洋参明显区别人参在于西洋参中含有一定量的澳克梯隆醇型假人参皂苷24(R)-F11和人参皂苷-RAO，在人参中尚未发现。24(R)-拟人参皂苷F11是西洋参的特征成分。 西洋参总皂苷明显的中枢抑制作用,镇静作用与人参皂苷Rb1有关。 engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the 西洋参皂苷及单体F11对化学性缺氧,均显示明显的保护作用。 单体皂苷Re、Rb3、能抑制大鼠血流动力学指标,但F11则作用相反,此一结果证明西洋参存在两种相反作用的成分. 8种西洋参单体皂苷,以F2的溶血作用最强,其次为Rg2 ,再次Rg1。 西洋参与中国人参人相似处, 也存在相异点:?西洋参总皂甙中Rb1、Rd含量> 中国人参近一倍; ?中国人参总皂甙中Rb2含量>西洋参若干倍; ?中国人参总皂甙Rg1,比西洋参高5%左右; ?中国人参(栽培参)的人参三醇含量高于西洋参; ?西洋参(栽培参)的人参二醇含量高于中国人参。Rb1属人参二醇型皂甙; Rg1属人参三醇型皂甙。由于人参三醇生理活性比人参二醇生理活性高, 而人参二醇较人参三醇生理活性作用缓和，所以两者的药用差异就表现在:中国人参的人参皂甙Rg比西洋参高, 而Rb1低于西洋参。Rg1则是良好的精神兴奋物质,可抗疲劳、升体温; Rb1具有安定神经, 解热镇痛, 解痉作用,Rg1无此作用。所以, 表现出中国人参性温, 西洋参性寒。 同时比较了西洋参、红参、人参中皂甙种类、含量的差异:西洋参中人参二醇型皂苷Rb组含量高于人参三醇型皂苷，西洋参中人参皂甙总量及人参二醇型皂甙的含量明显高于人参及红参,但不含人参及红参中含有的Rf;人参中人参二醇型皂甙的含量高于人参三醇型皂甙,其加工品红参则相反。前者对中枢神经有抑制作用,而后者则有兴奋作用;前者有抗溶血作用,后者则相反。这可能是影响西洋参与人参活性造成药性差异的物质基础,并与西洋参性凉而人参性温的中医理论相符,也与中医传统用人参抢救虚脱、大补元气,而不用西洋参的临床实践相一致。 西洋参与人参一样具有显著的抗疲劳、抗利尿、抗缺氧的能力, 两种人参皂苷所呈现的作用相同, 但作用强度有别。人参中人参皂苷的抗利尿作用明显高于西洋参, 而西洋参总皂苷的镇静作用则较强。西洋参在抗脂质过氧化、抗缺氧和抗低温应激反应方面,都较人参作用为强;而人参在抗疲劳及对正常免疫功能方面,则胜过西洋参。而西洋参的抗衰老作用,远比人参为优。西洋参提取的二、三醇组皂甙强化心血管功能的作用明显优于由西洋参茎叶总皂甙。 对DNA 损伤起保护作用的效果分别为红参优于生晒参,生晒参优于西洋参.在参中起到抗氧化作用的活性物质虽然不只一种,但主要是人参皂甙,人参三醇型engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the 皂甙比人参二醇型皂甙生理活性强。 人参茎叶:人参叶--治补目，浸水洗头、令发光黑不落，醉后食之解醒。《本草从新》曾说过，参叶"大苦大寒，损气败血，其性与人参相反，且无用，所以从来本草内俱不载"。实验研究证实, 在西洋参的根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子中都含有人参皂苷。西洋参茎叶皂甙是从西洋参茎叶中提取的总皂甙。经研究发现其药理作用是多方面的,并从中分离鉴定出12种以上单体皂甙, 它们是人参皂甙Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rd、Re、Rg、Rh1、Rh2、F2和拟人参甙F1、RTS及西洋参皂甙LI,而且证实茎叶中总皂甙含量明显高于根中。F11是从西洋参茎叶皂甙中分离出的一种单体成分,是西洋参茎叶皂甙中含量最多的成分之一。人参皂苷Rb3是叶中独有的成分。对国产西洋参不同药用部位所含的人参皂苷进行比较研究, 结果叶中的总皂苷含量最高。西洋参茎叶总皂甙的镇静作用与其所含的人参皂甙Rb1有关。 比较人参和西洋参茎叶总皂甙的含量，西洋参茎叶低于人参茎叶。二者均含有16 种以上的单体皂甙,7种相同。单体皂甙含量测定结果表明,按含量递减顺序西洋参茎叶比人参茎叶多含有P-F11、Rb3、P-RT5;人参茎叶比西洋参茎叶多含有Rc，高于西洋参茎叶皂甙含量的递减顺序为Re、Rg1、Rc、Rh1、Rd。 分型皂甙中, 西洋参茎叶原人参二醇型含量高于人参茎叶,其中Rb组皂甙含量是后者的3倍,且多含有奥克提罗醇型; 人参茎叶原人参三醇型含量高于西洋参茎叶，其中Rg组皂甙是前者的8.7倍。 西洋参叶总黄酮可明显降压可能是作用于外周血管,使阻力血管扩张所致。 西洋参叶皂甙也具有明显提高机体高温耐受能力的作用。 参果:人参果、主补元气、返人魂魄、能健脾、发痘行浆。西洋参花蕾中获得人参皂Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rc、Rd、Re、Rg1和拟人参皂苷- F11(简称P- F11) 。含量测定表明:总皂苷的含量从高到低依次为:花蕾、花柄、果肉、主根、茎叶-F11的含量从高到低依次为:茎叶、果肉、花蕾、花柄、主根。人参果中含有抗癌活性成分20(R)-人参皂苷-Rh2。 engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the 人参花:日前美国一些媒体披露了欧洲科学家的最新发现，即人参花蕾药用价值远远超过人参根。据中外专家研究证实，人参花蕾的药用价值远远超过人参根。,,,负责人、慕尼黑大学药剂学博士,,.,,,,,,, ,,,,,,介绍，在历时数年的研究过程中发现，人参花蕾中的人参总皂甙含量是人参根的5.06倍;可提升人体免疫力，并抑制癌细胞成长的人参皂甙,,含量高达2.77,，是人参根的13.85倍;能保护细胞膜和防止细胞老化，扩张血管，降低血压和血糖，提高肝细胞蛋白质和,,,合成，显著抑制宫颈癌细胞生长的人参皂甙,,含量是人参根的14.7倍。人参花蕾中所独有的对于人体抗疲劳、抗衰老的,,7;,，比人参根高10倍多。人参花蕾中几乎不含有导致人上火的皂甙,,。特别意外的是，人参花蕾竟含有独特的人参花蕾9肽和人参花蕾11肽，均属于小分子肽，可以被人体100,吸收，被称为校正肽，能够迅速而准确地识别人体细胞内的各种,,,平衡。美国著名生理学家,,,,,,,,,,研究发现，细胞中存在两种特殊物质:;,,,和;,,,，即环磷酸腺苷和环磷酸鸟苷，二者相互作用维持细胞代谢平衡，使人体保持健康状态。 engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the