Book1 Unit8

null Unit 8 Unit 8Text 1: Five Traits of the Educated ManLayout of the lesson:Layout of the lesson:I. Provoking Questions: II. Structure Analysis III. Language work IV. Synonyms V. Writing: expository VI. Grammar VII. Keys to Exercises VIII: Homework assignment I. Provoking Questions:I. Provoking Questions:what do you think are the differences between an educated man and an uneducated man? Do you consider yourself an educated man? Why or why not? II. Structure AnalysisII. Structure AnalysisPart 1: Para. 1 raising the question--- the topic of the essay--- what are the marks of an educated man? nullPart 2: Para. 2 – 6 explaining the five traits of an educated man respectively as follows--- correctness and precision in the use of the mother tongue; refined and gentle manners; the power and habit of reflection; the power of growth; possession of efficiency. nullPart 3: Para. 7 conclusion--- given the five traits, one possesses the outline or framework of an educated man, and the outline may be filled in by whatever knowledge, ability, or skill that one is in possession of.III. Language PointsIII. Language PointsInconsiderable Capacity Endeavo(u)r Refine Superficial Cultivate Instinctive Induce inconsiderable adj. inconsiderable adj. rather small;not worth considering usu. used together with “not” e.g. The production costs are a not inconsiderable £8 million. e.g. He was a man of great charm and not inconsiderable wit. cf. He is a man of considerable influence in local affairs. The TV serial received considerable acclaim.capacity n. capacity n. 1. ability or power e.g. She has a great ~ for recognizing faces. 2. the amount that sth. can hold or contain e.g The tank has a ~ of 2 gallons. 3. role; a particular job or duty e.g. I have come in the ~ of a legal adviser. e.g. Since 1928, Mr. Thomas has served the club in many capacities. endeavo(u)r v.& n.endeavo(u)r v.& n. v. try very hard to do sth.; a formal use e.g. The government is endeavoring to improve the quality of life in the rural areas. n. an attempt; an effort to do sth. e.g. His first endeavors in the field were wedding films.refine v.refine v.1. to reduce to a pure state; purify e.g. Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities. 2. to free from coarse, unsuitable, or immoral characteristics e.g. Reading good books helps to refine one’s speech/taste.superficial adj.superficial adj. not deep, on the surface; shallow; not thorough or complete e.g. Don’t worry. It’s only a ~ wound. e.g. She has only a superficial knowledge of the cinema art. e.g. His roommate has been pleasant on a superficial level. cultivate v.cultivate v.1. to prepare land for raising crops; to grow or tend a plant or crop e.g. She also cultivated a small garden of her own. 2. to develop an attitude, image or skill; to nurture, foster e.g. Cultivating a positive mental attitude towards yourself can reap tremendous benefits.instinctive adj.instinctive adj. resulting from one’s instinct; arising from impulse; without thinking or reasoning e.g. Most people have an ~ fear for death. instinctively adv. e.g. Instinctively, she knew that she could not trust him.induce v.induce v.1. cause or produce e.g. Too much food ~s drowsiness. 2. lead sb. to do sth, often by persuading e.g. More often than not, advertisements ~ people to buy things they don’t really need. e.g. What ~d u to do such a thing?IV. SynonymsIV. SynonymsAcquire vs. get Characteristic vs. trait Persist vs. insist Manners vs. PolitenessAcquire vs. getAcquire vs. getThey can be very close in meaning and sometimes are interchangeable. Acquire points to a piecemeal process of possession that is continuous and often slow, very often suggesting an effort or exposure required to gain less tangible things, as in the learning process. Get means “obtain”, which is certainly more formal.Characteristic vs. traitCharacteristic vs. traitCharacteristic may imply neutral description in referring to any aspect of something, without evaluating its relative importance to the whole. It often suggests an aspect of the whole that is regarded as typical. Trait is often used to describe long-lasting behavior patterns, rather than single actions.Persist vs. insistPersist vs. insistPersist indicates the continuation of doing something, even though it is difficult or other people are against it. In the structure “sth. Persists,” the word refers to the lingering on of sth. beyond the point where one would expect it to terminate. Insist is usually used with “people”, who stick to an idea/ideas firmly and refuse to give in about it.Manners vs. PolitenessManners vs. PolitenessManners refer to the general behavior by which a social group has traditionally acted. Here a positive or negative evaluation may depend on subjective taste as much as anything else. Politeness means good manners and socially correct behavior. V. Writing: expository V. Writing: expository What is Expository Writing? Exposition is a type of oral or written discourse that is used to explain, describe, give information or inform. The creator of an expository text can not assume that the reader or listener has prior knowledge or prior understanding of the topic that is being discussed. One important point to keep in mind for the author is to try to use words that clearly show what they are talking about rather then blatantly telling the reader what is being discussed.V. Writing: expositoryV. Writing: expository Types of Expositions Informative - Tell audience all about your subject Descriptive - Describe more in-depth about your subject than an Informative essay Analytical - Tell audience the good and bad points of subject and how effective it is V. Writing: expositoryV. Writing: expositoryStructure An exposition starts with an introduction that contains the most important aspect of the piece--the thesis, the main point that the author wishes to convey to the reader. This is usually split up into several sub-arguments or categories. It is then followed by the body where the writer clarifies the different aspects of the thesis in detail. The last part of an exposition is the conclusion, where the thesis is restated and the writer ties up any loose strands from what they had written.VI. GrammarVI. Grammar1. Special plural forms of some nouns e.g. Veto, datum, genius, ox,…… 2. using “it…..+ that clause” pattern to postponing subject clause e.g. It is plain that one may gain no inconsiderable body of learning in some special field of knowledge without……VII. Keys to ExercisesVII. Keys to ExercisesText comprehension (p.117) Vocabulary ex. (p.118) Grammar ex. (p.120) Translation ex. (p.121) Text ComprehensionText ComprehensionI. B II. F F T T T III. Omitted IV.1 Out of all the five traits or characteristics an educated man should possess, five are the most outstanding, which are easily identified by all men. 2 The imprecision, impoliteness and rudeness in most of one’s spoken English undoubtedly make people sick.Text ComprehensionText Comprehension 3 Delicate, polite, and gentle manners are essential, necessary qualities of an educated man. 4 It is commonplace that, at the age of 24,or 25, men with a college education tend to live a stable and ordinary life, more or less satisfied with their intellectual achievements. 5 No matter how charming or wise these illusionary dreamers might be, they are short of what an education requires.Vocabulary ex.Vocabulary ex. I. 1 be embodied 2 persistent continuous hard work 3 be the most important and significant 4 undoubtedly; not been effective 5 revealed 6 making progress and very likely to succeed inVocabulary ex.Vocabulary ex.II. 1 a get b acquire c get d acquire 2 a traits b traits c characteristic d characteristics 3 a persisted b insisted c insists d persist 4 a politeness b politeness c manners d mannersVocabulary ex.Vocabulary ex.III. 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8.B IV. 1. professional 2. refined 3. mark 4. institutions 5. induces 6. scholarship 7. fundamental 8. multiplying 9. attendance 10. in vain V.1. inexperienced 2. rightful 3. impoliteness 4. handful 5.heady 6. straighteningGrammar ex.Grammar ex.I. Pay attention to the countable and uncountable nouns. II. 1. vetoes 2. chiefs 3. data 4. antennae/antennas 5. geniuses/genii 6. rays 7. videos 8. aircraft 9. gentlemen 10. oxen III. 1 Buses leave the termini at 11:30. Those are the last ones. 2 The students think highly of the professors. 3 Menservants are expensive luxuries nowadays. 4 / 5 / 6 What are the bases of such beliefs? IV. 1. have 2. are 3. is 4. go 5. Is 6. has 7. are 8. has Translation ex.Translation ex.1 He possesses some fine traits: he has refined and gentle manners; he is kind and generous to others; he is always modest and prudent; and he constantly perfects his work. 2 So long as you keep on studying hard, you will acquire a good grasp of specialized skills, and become an expert in some special field of knowledge. 3 It is beyond peradventure that the 2010 World Exposition will bring Shanghai many good opportunities, which will stimulate Shanghai’s economy to greater development.Translation ex.Translation ex.4 One of the inevitable traits of the educated man is his possession of refined and gentle manners. 5 A person with reason instinctively knows what should be done and what should not be done. 6 Despite hardships, she persisted in her efforts to complete her university education. 7 As long as you study hard and make progress constantly, your chances to succeed will multiply.Translation ex.Translation ex.8 Xiao Wang works very efficiently, because he possesses strong professional competence and, moreover, he pays particular attention to methods. 9 Reciting excellent pieces of prose can not only enhance our language competence, but also discipline out memory and render it much stronger. 10 The President of the Board of Trustees of the university is in possession of both professional competence and excellent leadership; therefore, he is very popular among the teachers and other staff members.VIII: Homework assignmentVIII: Homework assignmentreview this unit, esp. the words and expressions learnt ; try to use them more in writing and speaking preview Unit 16