地西泮片（Diazepam Tablets）

地西泮片（Diazepam Tablets） 地西泮片(Diazepam Tablets) Diazepam Tablets (Diazepam Tablets) The main ingredients of this product are: diazepam. [traits] This product is white. [pharmacology and toxicology] This product is a long-acting drugs benzene two nitrogen. Benzene two nitrogen as central nervous system depressants, can cause central nervous system depression in different parts, with the amount of the increase, the clinical manifestations of mild sedation to self hypnosis and even coma. The site of action and mechanism of this kind of medicine has not been fully elucidated, that can strengthen or facilitation of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmitter role of GABA in benzene two nitrogen receptor interaction, mainly in the central nervous system in various parts, the inhibition of presynaptic and postsynaptic. This kind of medicine is benzene two nitrogen receptor agonist, benzene two nitrogen receptor for functional supramolecular functional units (supramolecular), also known as part of benzene two nitrogen - GABA receptor - Pro chloride complexes. The receptor complex is located in the nerve cell membrane and regulates the discharge of the cell, mainly from the threshold valve (gating) function of the chloride channel. The activation of GABA receptors leads to chloride channel development, the chloride ions flow through the nerve cell membrane, induced hyperpolarization of postsynaptic neurons, inhibiting neuronal discharge, the inhibition of translation in order to reduce neuronal excitability, reduce the next step depolarization in excitatory neurotransmitter. Benzene two nitrogen class increased the frequency of chloride channel development, may enhance the binding of GABA to its receptors or facilitatory GABA receptors and chloride channel to realize the communication between. Benzene two nitrogen class role dependent receptor in GABA. 1, anti anxiety, sedative and hypnotic effect. By stimulating the GABA receptor in the ascending reticular activating system, the inhibition of GABA in the central nervous system was enhanced, and the inhibition and occlusion of the cortical reticular formation after stimulated cortex and limbic arousal were enhanced. Molecular pharmacology studies suggest that decreased synthesis or antagonize GABA, reduce the sedative and hypnotic effects of drugs, hypnosis effects such as increasing the concentration of benzene two nitrogen can enhance drugs. 2, the role of forgetting. Diazepam can interfere with the establishment of memory pathways at therapeutic doses, thereby affecting near memory. 3, anticonvulsant effect. It is possible to inhibit the spread of epileptic activity by inhibiting presynaptic foci in the cortex, thalamus, and limbic system, but it can not eliminate the abnormal activity of the lesion. 4 、 skeletal muscle relaxation. It mainly inhibits the efferent efferent pathway and single synaptic efferent pathway of spinal cord. Because of inhibiting neurotransmitters or blocking excitatory synaptic transmission, diazepam inhibits both synaptic and single synaptic reflexes. Benzene two nitrogen class may also directly inhibit motor nerve and muscle function. [pharmacokinetics] Oral absorption is rapid and complete, with bioavailability of about 76%. 0.5~2 hours, the peak blood concentration, 4~10 days, serum concentration reached steady state, T1/2 for 20~70 hours. Plasma protein binding rate was as high as 99%. Diazepam and its metabolites are high in lipid solubility and penetrate the blood-brain barrier easily. They can be secreted into the milk through the placenta. This product is mainly metabolized in the liver, metabolites nordiazepam and medroxyprogesterone diazepam, also have pharmacological activity in different degree, nordiazepam T1/2 up to 30 ~ 100 hours. This product has the circulation of the liver and intestine, and has a cumulative effect for long-term use. Metabolites can be trapped in the blood for days or even weeks, and are slowed down after withdrawal. Diazepam is excreted mainly through free or combined forms of metabolites. [indications] 1, mainly used for anxiety, sedation and hypnosis, but also can be used for anti epileptic and anticonvulsant; 2, relieve inflammatory reflex muscle spasm and so on; 3, for the treatment of panic disorder; 4 、 tension headache; 5, it can treat familial, senile and idiopathic tremor. 6. Can be used before anesthesia. [usage and dosage] The amount of adults used: anti anxiety, a 2.5~10mg, 2~4 times a day; sedation, 2.5~5mg once, 3 times a day; hypnosis, 5~10mg before bedtime; acute alcohol withdrawal, the first day of a 10mg, 3~4 times a day, according to need to reduce to a 5 mg, 3~4 times a day. The amount used in children under 6 months: no more than 6 months, a 1~2.5 mg or g/kg or 40~200 according to the weight according to the surface area of 1.17~6 mg/m2, 3~4 times a day, according to the amount of increase or decrease proportionally. Maximum dose not exceeding 10mg. [adverse effects] 1, common adverse reactions, lethargy, dizziness, fatigue, etc., large doses may have ataxia, tremor. 2. Rare skin rashes and decreased white blood cells. 3, individual patients were excited, multilingual, sleep disorders, and even hallucinations. These symptoms soon disappear after withdrawal. 4, long-term continuous medication can be dependent and addictive, withdrawal may occur withdrawal symptoms, showing excitement or depression. [taboo] Pregnant women, pregnant women and newborns are prohibited. [matters needing attention] 1, the benzene two nitrogen Zhuo type medicine allergic person, possibly to this medicine allergy; 2, liver and kidney function impairment can prolong the half-life of this drug. 3, sudden withdrawal of epilepsy can cause epileptic status; 4, severe mental depression can aggravate the condition, and even suicidal tendencies, preventive measures should be taken. 5, avoid long-term use and addiction, such as long-term use should be gradually reduced, it should not be stopped. 6, the tolerance of this drug is small, the initial dosage should be small. 7, the following carefully used: (1) severe acute alcoholism may aggravate the central nervous system inhibition. (2) severe myasthenia gravis, the condition may be aggravated. (3) acute or latent angle closure glaucoma can aggravate the disease due to the anticholinergic effect of this product. (4) low blood protein can lead to lethargy and difficulty in waking. (5) ADHD can have abnormal reaction. (6) severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can aggravate respiratory failure. (7) the cough reflex can be suppressed in the surgical or long-term bedridden patients. (8) those with history of drug abuse and addiction. [pregnant women and lactating women] In 1, within three months of pregnancy, this drug increases the risk of fetal abnormality, pregnant women can make long-term use of addiction, neonatal withdrawal symptoms showed irritability, tremors, vomiting, diarrhea; late pregnancy medication effects of central nervous activity. Medication before delivery and at birth may lead to weaker muscle tension in neonates and should be disabled. 2, this product can be secreted into the milk, breast-feeding women should avoid use. [children medication] Children's central nervous system is very sensitive to this medicine and should be given with caution. [medication for elderly patients] Elderly people are more sensitive to the drug dosage should be reduced. [drug interaction] 1 、 combined with central depressant can increase respiratory depression. 2, addiction increases the risk of addiction when used in combination with other addictive drugs. 3. When combined with alcohol and general anesthetics, clonidine, analgesics, phenothiazine, monoamine oxidase, A inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, they can be synergistic with each other and should be adjusted. 4, combined with antihypertensive drugs and diuretic antihypertensive drugs, can increase the role of blood pressure. 5, with F Naylor in combination with cimetidine, the drug clearance slowed, plasma half-life. 6, with the use of paracetamol, because slowing down the latter metabolism, the need to adjust the amount of paracetamol. 7, when combined with levodopa, it can reduce the efficacy of the latter. 8, combined with rifampin, increase the elimination of this product, lower blood concentration. 9 isoniazid inhibit the elimination of this product, resulting in increased serum concentration. 10, combined with digoxin can increase digoxin blood concentration and poisoning. [drug overdose] There is persistent insanity, severe lethargy, confusion, confusion, confusion, shortness of heartbeat, shortness of breath, difficulty, and severe fatigue. Excessive or poisoning should be symptomatic treatment, including supportive therapy to promote vomiting and respiratory cycle, benzene two nitrogen receptor antagonist flumazenil (flumazenil) can be used for the drug overdose rescue and diagnosis. When intoxication occurs, abnormal use of barbiturates should not be applied. [specifications] (1) 2.5mg (2) 5mg [DXPP] The previous page, the last page, the front page