Introduction-General-Linguistics

IntroductiontoGeneralLinguisticsTianJinpingDiscussionforWarming-upParentsshouldbeverycarefulinchoosingnamesfortheirchildren,forthenamestheychoosemayinfluencetheirchildren’scharacterandmayeveninfluencetheirlives.AnalyzingtheSentence他这个人刀子嘴，豆腐心。Languageisgeneticallytransmitted.Ababycantalkinhismothertonguejustasadogcanbarkwhenitisborn.AnalyzingtheFollowingDialogStudent:Whatdidyouthinkofmypaper.Lecturer:Well,yourhandwritingisverygood.DefinitionofLinguisticsLinguisticscanbedefinedasthescientific(systematic)studyoflanguage(languagesofallhumansociety).Ittriestoanswerthebasicquestions“Whatislanguage?”,Howdoeslanguagework?,Itprobesintovariousaspectsoftheproblemssuchaswhatdoalllanguageshaveincommon(thenatureoflanguage);whatrangeofvariationisfoundamonglanguages(comparativestudyoflanguage);whydolanguageschange(historicstudyoflanguage);Towhatextentaresocialclassdifferencereflectedinlanguages(socio-linguistics);howdoesachildlearntospeak(languageacquisition—F1andF2)andsoon.MajorBranchesofLinguistics---MicrolinguisticsPhonetics---sciencewhichstudiesthesoundsofhumanspeech,Phonology---thestudyofthesoundsystemsoflanguages.Morphology---thestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.Syntax---thestudyofthestructureofsentencesandtherulesbywhichsentencesareformed.Semantics---thestudyofthemeaningsystemoflanguage.Pragmatics---thestudyofmeaning(language)inuse.DiscourseAnalysis---thestudyoftheorganizationofadiscourse(spokenandwritten)CrossStudyofLinguistics---MacrolinguisticsSociolinguisticsPsycholinguisticsStylisticsComputationalLinguisticsCognitiveLinguisticsAppliedLinguisticsSomeBasicDistinctionsinLinguisticsSpeechvswritingvDescriptivevsprescriptivevSynchronicvsdiachronicLanguevsparolevCompetencevsperformancevLinguisticpotentialvsactuallinguisticbehaviourvSyntagmaticvs.ParadigmaticrelationsFunctionalism(PragueSchoolHalliday)vs.Formalism(Chomsky)Microlinguicsvs.MacrolinguisticsLinguisticsvs.traditionalgrammarF.deSaussureCourseinGeneralLinguistics---aposthumousbookModernlinguisticsbeganfromtheSwisslinguistFerdinanddeSaussure(1857--1913),whoisoftendescribedas“fatherofmodernlinguistics”and“amasterofadisciplinewhichhemademodern”.Indeed,Saussurehasbeensoimportantafigureinthe20thcenturythatheisnotonlyfrequentlyreferredtointhefieldofmodernlinguistics,butalsobymanymoreinthefieldsofsemioticsandmodernliterarytheory.AlthoughSaussureisknownforhisCourseinGeneralLinguistics,hedidnotwritethebook,whichwasacollectionandexpansionofhisteachingnotestakenbyhisstudents.ThisbookbecamethemostimportantsourceofSaussure’sideasandofhisinfluenceuponsucceedinggenerationsoflinguists.TheNatureofLanguageTheDefinitionTheOriginofLanguageTheDesignFeatuersofLanguageTheFunctionsofLanguageTheDefinitionLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.TheOriginofLanguageTheDing-dongtheoryThePooh-poohtheoryTheYe-he-hotheoryTheDivine-origintheoryTheInventiontheory(namingtheory)TheEvolutionarytheoryTheDesignFeatuersofLanguageArbitrarinessDuality(1stlevel:isolatedsounds---nomeaning2ndlevel:combinationtoformmeaning)Productivity(creativity)DisplacementCulturaltransmissionInterchangeabilitySpecializationTheFunctionsofLanguagePhaticDirectiveInformativeInterrogativeExpressiveEvocativePerformative感谢您的聆听，为方便温习本节课程 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ，本课件可在下载完成后进行查阅Thankyouforlistening.Fortheconvenienceofreviewingthecontentofthiscourse,thiscoursewarecanbeviewedafterdownloading