Oracle语句大全

Oracle语句大全 select * from all_tab_comments -- ,,,,,,,û,,?,,,,,,,? select * from user_tab_comments -- ,,,,,û,,?,,,,,,,? select * from all_col_comments --,,,,,,,û,,?,,,,,,,??,,. select * from user_col_comments -- ,,,,,û,,?,,,,,,,??,, select * from all_tab_columns --,,,,,,,û,,?,,,,,,,,,,(,,,,,,,û,б,??). select * from user_tab_columns --,,,,,û,,?,,,,,,,,,,(,,,,,,,û,б,??). --?,,,,,1: select t.table_name,t.comments from user_tab_comments t --?,,,,,2: select r1, r2, r3, r5 from (select a.table_name r1, a.column_name r2, a.comments r3 from user_col_comments a), (select t.table_name r4, t.comments r5 from user_tab_comments t) where r4 = r1 ,,,,,,,oracle,,,û,,,,б,,,,,,,?,, Oracle ,,,,, ,,,,, Oracle ,,,,, 1. Oracle,,?,,,?,,,,,,?? internal/oracle sys/change_on_install system/manager scott/tiger sysman/oem_temp 2. ORACLE9IAS WEB CACHE,?,,?,,,û,,,,,,? administrator/administrator 3. oracle 8.0.5,,ô,,,,,,,,? ,,orainst,,,,,,,motif,,,,,,,,,棬orainst /m 4. oracle 8.1.7,,ô,,,,,,,,? dbassist 5. oracle 9i ,,ô,,,,,,,,? dbca 6. oracle,е,,,,豸?,,,,,ô? ,,,,,,,,豸,,,?,,??,,,,,?,,,,, 7. oracle,,,,,, 64-bit/32bit ,,,,,,,汾 $ sqlplus '/ AS SYSDBA' SQL*Plus: Release 9.0.1.0.0 - Production on Mon Jul 14 17:01:09 2003 (c) Copyright 2001 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.0.1.0.0 - Production With the Partitioning option JServer Release 9.0.1.0.0 - ProductionSQL> select * from v$version; BANNER ---------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.0.1.0.0 - Production PL/SQL Release 9.0.1.0.0 - Production CORE 9.0.1.0.0 Production TNS for Solaris: Version 9.0.1.0.0 - ProductionNLSRTL Version 9.0.1.0.0 - ProductionSQL> 8. SVRMGR,ô,,,,, svrmgrl,,Server Manager. 9i,,û,У,,,,,?,,SQLPLUS,,? sqlplus /nolog ,,?,,,,?,,? 9. ,,,,,,η?,?,,,û,,,,,,,,,,,,?ORACLE,,?SELECT machine , terminal FROM V$SESSION;10. ,,,ô,,,,?,?,,?, desc table_name ,,,,,,,?,? select field_name,... from ... ,,,,,?,?ε,? select * from all_tables where table_name like '%' select * from all_tab_columns where table_name='??' 11. ,,,,õ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,?,,, desc user_source user_triggers 12. ,,,,,,,?,,,,,õ?,,?,С,, select owner,table_name, NUM_ROWS, BLOCKS*AAA/1024/1024 "Size M", EMPTY_BLOCKS, LAST_ANALYZED from dba_tables where table_name='XXX'; Here: AAA is the value of db_block_size ;XXX is the table name you want to check13. ,,β,,,,?,, SELECT * FROM V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME LIKE 'proc%'; SQL> SQL> show parameter processes NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ------- ------------------------------ aq_tm_processes integer 1 db_writer_processes integer 1 job_queue_processes integer 4 log_archive_max_processes integer 1processes integer 200 ,,,,?200,,,û,,, select * from v$license; ,,,,sessions_highwater,,?,,,,,,,,?,,14. ,,β,,,,,,,,,,,,,?, select * from v$locked_object ; 15. ,,,,,archivelog,?,,,,,,oracle,,init.ora log_archive_start = true RESTART DATABASE 16. ,,ô,,,,,,,Щ,û,,,,,,,,,, select username from v$session; 17. ,,,,,е,,?,,,,,,,,,,,? ,,,,,,,е,,,,,,,,? 1000 18. ,,,,,,,,,,,SID ? select name from v$database; ?,,,,?,?, init.ora,?, 19. ,,,,,Oracle,,,,,,,,,,,SQLPLUS,,,,,,IP,,? ?select sys_context('userenv','ip_address') from dual; ,,,,,?,,,,,,?,,?,,,,,127.0.0.1,,,?, 20. unix ,,,,ô,,,,,,,,,,,, su -root date -u 08010000 21. ,,ORACLE TABLE,,,,,?,MEMO,,,,,?,?,,,,,,,??select remark from oms_flowrec where trim(' ' from remark) is not null ; 22. ,,,,,BBB,,,,,,,,,,,AAA,,,,,,(,й,j,,,?,) UP2003-10-17 AAA SET BNS_SNM=(SELECT BNS_SNM FROM BBB WHERE AAA.DPT_NO=BBB.DPT_NO) WHERE BBB.DPT_NO IS NOT NULL;23. P4,,,,,?,,,, ,,SYMCJIT.DLL,,?SYSMCJIT.OLD 24. ,β,SERVER,,,,,OPS?? SELECT * FROM V$OPTION; ,,,PARALLEL SERVER=TRUE,,,,OPS,, 25. ,β,ÿ,,,û,,,,,,?? SELECT * FROM DBA_SYS_PRIVS; 26. ,,ν,,,,,,,,,,? ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME MOVE TABLESPACE_NAME; 27. ,,ν,,,,,,,,,,,,? ALTER INDEX INDEX_NAME REBUILD TABLESPACE TABLESPACE_NAME;28. ,,LINUX,UNIX,,,,,,,DBA STUDIO? OEMAPP DBASTUDIO 29. ,,,,,??,,?,,,,,? V$LOCK, V$LOCKED_OBJECT, V$SESSION, V$SQLAREA, V$PROCESS ;,,,,?,?,,,:? SELECT S.SID SESSION_ID, S.USERNAME, DECODE(LMODE, 0, 'None', 1, 'Null', 2, 'Row-S (SS)', 3, 'Row-X (SX)', 4, 'Share', 5, 'S/Row-X (SSX)', 6, 'Exclusive', TO_CHAR(LMODE)) MODE_HELD, DECODE(REQUEST, 0, 'None', 1, 'Null', 2, 'Row-S (SS)', 3, 'Row-X (SX)', 4, 'Share', 5, 'S/Row-X (SSX)', 6, 'Exclusive', TO_CHAR(REQUEST)) MODE_REQUESTED, O.CCBZZP||'.'||O.OBJECT_NAME||' ('|| O.OBJECT_TYPE||')', S.TYPE LOCK_TYPE, L.ID1 LOCK_ID1, L.ID2 LOCK_ID2 FROM V$LOCK L, SYS.DBA_OBJECTS O, V$SESSION S WHERE L.SID = S.SID AND L.ID1 = O.OBJECT_ID ; 30. ,,ν,,,? ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ,,SID,SERIR#,,; 31. SQLPLUS,,,,,,,?,,,? DEFINE _EDITOR="" -- ,,,,,,,,,,, 4,,,,,µ?,,,?,,,,,,,,д,,$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql,,,,,,,,>,,,Ч,, 32. ORACLE,,,,,,,,,,,? DBMS_RANDOM.RANDOM 33. LINUX,?,,,,,,,,??,,,,,,? Sar -d 33. LINUX,?,CPU,,,,??,,,,,,? sar -r 34. ,,,,,,û,,,,,?? SELECT * FROM USER_OBJECTS; SELECT * FROM DBA_SEGMENTS; 35. ,,λ,,,,,,,,,? SELECT * FROM USER_ERRORS; 36. ,,λ,,t,,?,,? SELECT * FROM DBA_DB_LINKS; 37. ,,,,?,,?,,,,? SELECT * FROM NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS; SELECT * FROM V$NLS_PARAMETERS; 38. ,,,,,,,,,?? SELECT * FROM DBA_DATA_FILES; 39. ORACLE,,INTERAL,û,,,,,?? ,,, SQLNET.ORA SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=(NTS) 40. ,,,,JAVA.EXE,?,,?? ?,,,?,ORACLEORAHOMEXIHTTPSERVER,?,,?,,,,,,, X,,8,,9 41. ,,θ,,,м,?,,, SQL>comment on table ,, is ',,?,,'; ?,,,,,,,,? SQL>comment on column ,,.,, is ',,?,,'; ?,,,,,,,,? SQL> select * from user_tab_comments where comments is not null;42. ,,β,,,,,,,,,ô,,,,,, SQL> col tablespace format a20 SQL> select b.file_id ,?,ID,,, b.tablespace_name ,,,,,,, b.bytes ,?,,,, (b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) ,,,,,, sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) ,,,,,? sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 ,,?,?, from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b where a.file_id=b.file_id group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_id,b.bytesorder by b.file_id 43. ,,,ORACLE,,,,?MTS,,?,,?,,, #dispatchers="(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=SIDXDB)",,,,,,,MTS,,?,,,;,?,,?,,,SID,,?,,,,,,,,44. ,,β,,,,,,,,,,,SCN,, ?? select max(ktuxescnw * power(2, 32) + ktuxescnb) from x$ktuxe; 45. ,,,,,,,,,ORACLE,,,,,,,? 9i,,,,,,,,9i,,,,,timestamp. 9i,,,,,,select systimestamp from dual; __________________ ,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,?,,С, ,,,,,,,,,,,, | IP: ,,??? 10-13-03 01:20 ,,,?, ,,,,,, ?,,,,,,: Aug 2003 4,,: ,,,, ,,,,,,: 525 ,,,,,,,ORACLE,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,4,,,,,,,,, ,?4,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,??,,,?,,, ,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,а,,,! ,,,?,,,,,, ,,,,,!? ,,ORACLE,,,,4,,,,,ÿ,,,. 46. ,,,,,,?,,,,?,,, select 'Welcome to visit'||chr(10)||'www.CSDN.NET' from dual ; 47. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,?, Oracle9i,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?, ,,oracle9i,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NLS_SORT?SCHINESE_RADICAL_M ,,,,,,?,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,SCHINESE_STROKE_M ,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,SCHINESE_PINYIN_M ,,,,,,,,,,, 48. Oracle8i,ж,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,, 49. ,,θ?,WIN,,SQL*Plus,,,,? SQL*PLUS,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql,,,,,á,? 50. ,,,,,,,oracel,,,,,?,,,,,,? alter session set nls_date_format='yyyymmddhh24miss';OR ,,,,,,init.ora,м,,,?,, nls_date_format='yyyymmddhh24miss' 51. ,,ν,С,,,,,keep,,,,? alter table xxx storage(buffer_pool keep);52. ,,μ,,,,,?,,?,,patch? check that oraInventory 53. ,,,,select,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?? select rownum,COL from table; 54. ,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,tablespace? select tablespace_name from user_tables where table_name='TEST'; select * from user_tables,,,и,,?,TABLESPACE_NAME,,,,oracle,,; select * from dba_segments where ,,; 55. ,,ô,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,?,,?,,,,? create table new_table as (select * from old_table);55. ,,ô,,sqlplus,,,,,procedure? select line,trim(text) t from user_source where name =,,A,, order by line; 56. ,,,,,,PROCEDURE,,,,,,,,? alter system kill session ,,,,,,session,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,session id?? or ,ù,,,,,??,,,,??,,,,,,, 57. SQL Reference,,,,ô,,,, ,,?,,sql,,,,,,?,,,(,,,,,,,,,,,oracle,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,. 58. ,,β,,,?,,,,? unix,, ps -ef | grep ora windows,, ,,,,,,,,,,,4 ,,,,,,l,,,,,, 59. ,,,,,,,,,,?,?,,,,,? alter table aaa drop constraint aaa_key ; alter table aaa add constraint aaa_key primary key(a1,b1) ;60. ,?,,,,,?,,?,С? ,, ALTER DATABASE .... DATAFILE .... ;,?,,?,,,,,?,,?,С,,,,,,,4,, ,,,,?,,,û,,,,,61. ,,,,,ORACLE,,,,,,Щ,,,,,,,,,,,,У,,,v$sessions,, 62. ,,ô,,,,,,,,,,,,ж,,,,tablespace?select * from dba_tablespaces;63. ,,,,,,oracle,,,,,,û,l,,,,,,,initSID.ora,,,,process,,,,,,,,?,,. 64. ,,β,,?,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,? ,,,,,,logminer ,? 65. ,,,,,PL/SQL,ж,д,?,,, UTL_FILE,,,,,,,û,,,,PL/SQL,,д,,,,,,?,,,? 66. ,,,,,&,,,,,,?,,,?,У,? insert into a values (translate ('at{&}t','at{}','at')); 67. EXP,,,,μ,????,,,, EXP USER/PASS FILE=A.DMP TABLES(BSEMPMS)QUERY='"WHERE EMP_NO=\'S09394\'\" ,r68. ,,,,oracle8i,,?,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,ZHS16GBK,,,,, 69. Data Guard,,,ô,,,, ,,,,Standby,?,,,,, 70. ,,δ,,,SPFILE? SQL> connect / as sysdba SQL> select * from v$version;SQL> create pfile from spfile;SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE='E:\ora9i\admin\eygle\pfile\init.ora'; ,?,,,,,,,? SQL> CREATE SPFILE='E:\ora9i\database\SPFILEEYGLE.ORA' FROM PFILE='E:\ora9i\admin\eygle\pfile\init.ora'; ,?,,,,,,,? 71. ,,,,,,,,,?? shmmax ,,,,,,,,,壺ò,,,,,,,,Oracle,,,,,,,,,,,,,ö,,,,,,,,?,棬?,,,,,,,,,,,,õ,, ,,,,?,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,??,,,,,,, ,,,?,,,,,0.5*,,,,,,, ,,,,Set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=10485760? shmmin ,,,,,,,,壺,,,,,С,,С,, ,,,?,,,,,?,,,,,ó,?1,, ,,,,Set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1,,? shmmni ,,,壺?,,й,,,,,,ε,,,,,,, ,,,,Set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100? shmseg ,,,壺ÿ,,,û,,,,,,,,,õ,,,,?,,,,,,ε,,,?,,,,,,Set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=20,,? semmni ,,,壺?,,,semaphore identifierer,,,,,,,, ,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,?,?,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,Oracle,,,,,,init.ora,е,,,,,,,,processes,,,?? ,,?,,10,, ,,,,Set semsys:seminfo_semmni=100? semmns ,,,壺?,,,emaphores,,,,,,,, ,,,?,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,õ,,,,,,Oracle,,,,initSID.ora,,,,processes,,?,,,,,,,,,,, ,,Processes,,,,,,,,,,,Processes,,2,,10,,Oracle,,,?,,,,,,,Set semsys:seminfo_semmns=200? semmsl: ,,,壺?,,set,,semaphore,,,,,,,, ,,,?,,,,,,,,ó,?10,,,,,,Oracle,,,,InitSID.ora,,,,,,Processes,,?,, ,,,,Set semsys:seminfo_semmsl=-200? 72. ,,,,,,,Щ,û,,,SYSDBA,,SYSOPER,,?,, SQL>conn sys/change_on_install SQL>select * from V_$PWFILE_USERS; 73. ,,ε,,1,,,?,,,,,, exp ,û,/,,,, tables=(,,1,,,,,,2) 74. ,,ε,,1,,,?,,,,,,û,,, exp system/manager owner=(,û,1,,û,2,,,,,û,n) file=,,,,,?,75. ,,ζ,CLOB,?ν,,,,,?,,, SELECT * FROM A WHERE dbms_lob.instr(a.a,'K',1,1)>0;76. ,,,,,,,,,l,,,û,? SHOW USER 77. ,,β,,,,,?,,,,õ,?,, ? col file_name format a50 SQL> select tablespace_name,file_id,bytes/1024/1024,file_name from dba_data_files order by file_id; 78. ,,β,,,,л?,μ,,,?, ? SQL> col segment format a30 SQL> SELECT SEGMENT_NAME,CCBZZP,TABLESPACE_NAME,SEGMENT_ID,FILE_ID,STATUS FROM DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS 79. ,,θ?,?,,,?γ,,,,,,,Check,,Χ,, SQL> alter table xxx drop constraint constraint_name;,,,,?,,,,,,,,: SQL> alter table xxx add constraint constraint_name check();80. Oracle,,,,,,?,,,,,Щ,,? ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Щ,?,,,,,,v$database,v$datafile,v$logfile v$controlfile v$parameter; 81. ,,l,,INNER JOIN? Select a.* from bsempms a,bsdptms b where a.dpt_no=b.dpt_no;82. ,,,,,l,,? Select a.* from bsempms a,bsdptms b where a.dpt_no=b.dpt_no(+);Select a.* from bsempms a,bsdptms b wherea.dpt_no(+)=b.dpt_no;83. ,,,?,н?,SQL,?,? SQL>@$PATH/filename.sql; 84. ,,ο,,,,,,?,,,,? SQL>truncate table table_name; 85. ,,β,,ж,,,,,,,,,,,? SQL>SELECT * FROM V$INSTANCE; 86. ,,β,,,?,,,ж,,?,? SQL>select * from all_tables; 87. ,,β,,,SQL,,,?,,,,,õ,,,,? SQL>set timing on ; SQL>select * from tablename; 88. CHR(),?,,,,,,,? ASCII() SELECT CHAR(65) FROM DUAL; SELECT ASCII('A') FROM DUAL; 89. ,?,,l,, SELECT CONCAT(COL1,COL2) FROM TABLE ; SELECT COL1||COL2 FROM TABLE ; 90. ,,ô,,select,,4,?,,?,,,?,,?,,У, SQL>SPOOL C:\ABCD.TXT; SQL>select * from table; SQL >spool off; 91. ,,,,,,,SQL?,е,I/O,, ? SQL>SET AUTOTRACE ON ; SQL>SELECT * FROM TABLE; OR SQL>SELECT * FROM v$filestat ; ,,,,,IO,, 92. ,,,,,sqlplus,??,,?δ,С? alter table table_name modify (field_name varchar2(100)); ,?,,У,,,С,,,У,,,,,,?,?, 93. ,,β,?,,,,,,?? select * from table_name where trunc(,,,,,?,),,to_date('2003-05-02','yyyy-mm- dd'); 94. sql ,,,,,β,,,,,,,,,,, create table BSYEAR (d date); insert into BSYEAR select to_date('20030101','yyyymmdd')+rownum-1from all_objects where rownum 95. ,,,,,?,,,? alter table old_table_name rename to new_table_name;96. ,,,,,,,,,,?,,,?,?,, sqlcode=0 97. ,,,,,,,û,,е,,,,?? SELECT * FROM dba_sys_privs ; 98. ,,,,,,,,,?,ORACLE9I,,,г,,,,,?,,,,,,,ô,,,,,,,,,,û,,,,?,?,,,,oracle,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,oracle,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,? 99. ,,,,,ж,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,?,,,,,,,,,,,?,,?,,,,,dbastudio,,,,,--,,,,,,---,,,,,,,,100. sql>startup pfile,,ifile,spfiled,,,ô,,,pfile,,,,Oracle,,,,?,,,,,,,,,?,,,,?,,,,,?,ifile,,,,,,c,,,,,,,include,,,,,,,,,?,,,?,,,,,spfile,,9i,,,,,,?,,,,,?,?,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,? startup,,,?,?,,pfile? 101. ,,,,,,,,,N,,,?,, SELECT * FROM empLOYEE WHERE ROWNUM 102. ,,,,,;,,,,,Oracle?,,?,,,,,,,û,,,? SQL>conn internal ; SQL>show parameter processes ; 103. db_block_size,,,,,,,,,? ?,,,,,,o,,,,,,,,,,,,?, 104. ,,,,,,},,,?,?,,,,? select (select count(id) from aa)+(select count(id) from bb) ,,,, from dual; 105. ,,,,,,Sql,,,,,?,,,?,,,е,N,,?,, select * from (select t.*,dense_rank() over (order by sal) rank from employee) where rank = N; 106. ,,,,,,,,,е,,,,,,,,2,,( select add_months(sysdate,24) from dual;107. USED_UBLK?,,?,,,,ô,,,? It is "harmless". 108. Connect string,,?,ô? ?,,,,tnsnames.ora,е?,,,,,,,,,,,,, 109. ,,,,),,REDO LOG,?,С,, ,,b?,,,,,,,redolog,,,,,,л,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,??,,,,b,µ,,,?,,110. tablespace ,,,,,,,,4G? û,,,,,,. 111. ,,,,,,?,,,N,,,,С,,,,?? SELECT CEIL(N) FROM DUAL; 112. ,,,,С,,,,,N,,,,С,,,,?? SELECT FLOOR(N) FROM DUAL; 113. ,,,?,,,µ,,,,?,,? SELECT LAST_DAY(SYS2003-10-17) FROM DUAL;114. ,,β,,,û,,,,,,,,,? IMP SYSTEM/MANAGER FILE=AA.DMP FROMUSER=USER_OLD TOUSER=USER_NEW ROWS=Y INDEXES=Y ; 115. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?ε,,,,? SQL>SELECT * FROM user_constraints WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='P' and table_name='TABLE_NAME'; 116. },,,,,?,,,?? SQL>SELECT * FROM BSEMPMS_OLD INTERSECT SELECT * FROM BSEMPMS_NEW; SQL>SELECT * FROM BSEMPMS_OLD UNION SELECT * FROM BSEMPMS_NEW; SQL>SELECT * FROM BSEMPMS_OLD UNION ALL SELECT * FROM BSEMPMS_NEW; 117. },,,,,,?,,,? SQL>SELECT * FROM BSEMPMS_OLD MINUS SELECT * FROM BSEMPMS_NEW; 118. ,,,,,,,Sequence? ,,sequence seq_custid create sequence seq_custid start 1 incrememt by 1;,,,,,: create table cust { cust_id smallint not null, ...} insert ,: insert into table cust values( seq_cust.nextval, ...) ,,,,?,??,,õ?,д,, 119>.,,,,,,,,,,д,,: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'YYYY') FROM DUAL;120>.,,,,,,,?,,д,,: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'MM') FROM DUAL;121>.,,,,,,,,,д,,: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'DD') FROM DUAL;122>.,,,,,,,,,д,,: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'HH24') FROM DUAL;123>.,,,,,??,д,,: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'MI') FROM DUAL;124>.,,,,,,,,,д,,: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'SS') FROM DUAL;125>.,,,,,,,,,,,д,,: SELECT TRUNC(SYS2003-10-17) FROM DUAL;126>.,,,,,,,,,,д,,: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'HH24:MI:SS') FROM DUAL;127>.,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,?,,,, SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17) FROM DUAL;128>.,,,?,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,: SELECT TO_2003-10-17('2003/08/01') FROM DUAL;129>.,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,д,,: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'D') FROM DUAL;130>.,,,?,,,?,,,е?,,,,,д,,: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'DDD') FROM DUAL;131>.,,,,,,?,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,д,,:SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'SSSSS') FROM DUAL;132>.,,,?,,,,,?,,?,,,,,д,,: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'WW') FROM DUAL;,,,,,?, 133. CURRVAL ,, nextval ?,,,,,,, CREATE SEQUENCE EMPSEQ ... ; SELECT empseq.currval FROM DUAL ; ,,,,,,,,,,е,,,? INSERT INTO emp VALUES (empseq.nextval, 'LEWIS', 'CLERK',7902, SYS2003-10-17, 1200, NULL, 20) ;134. ROWNUM ,,,,,,,,,趨е,,,, SELECT * FROM emp WHERE ROWNUM 135. ROWID ,,,,,е,,,,,,? SELECT ROWID, ename FROM emp WHERE deptno = 20 ;136. ,,N,,?,,?,,,,,,,,, set serverout on declare N number := 1000000; ret varchar2(100); begin ret := trunc(n/3600) || 'С,' || to_char(to_date(mod(n,3600),'sssss'),'fmmi",, "ss",,"') ; dbms_output.put_line(ret); end; 137. ,,β,,,,,,,,,,,?,?,? SELECT b.tablespace, b.segfile#, b.segblk#, b.blocks, a.sid, a.serial#, a.username, a.osuser, a.status FROM v$session a,v$sort_usage b WHERE a.saddr = b.session_addr ORDER BY b.tablespace, b.segfile#, b.segblk#, b.blocks ;138. ,,β,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,SQL,,?, select /*+ ORDERED */ sql_text from v$sqltext awhere a.hash_value = ( select sql_hash_value from v$session b where b.sid = &sid and b.serial# = &serial)order by piece asc ; 139. ,,β,,,,?,,,?,, SELECT * FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE ROWID!=(SELECT MAX(ROWID) FROM TABLE_NAME DWHERE TABLE_NAME.COL1=D.COL1 AND TABLE_NAME.COL2=D.COL2);140. ,,,,,,??,,,?,, DELETE FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE ROWID!=(SELECT MAX(ROWID) FROM TABLE_NAME DWHERE TABLE_NAME.COL1=D.COL1 AND TABLE_NAME.COL2=D.COL2);141. ,,ο,,?,,,,,,,,,,,, SQL >SPOOL VIEW1.SQL SQL >SELECT ,,ALTER VIEW ,,||TNAME||,, COMPILE;,, FROM TAB; SQL >SPOOL OFF ,,,?,,VIEW1.SQL,,,,ɡ SQL >@VIEW1.SQL; 142. ORA-01555 SNAPSHOT TOO OLD,?,,? ,,,MINEXTENTS,,?,,,,,,,?,С,,,,,,?,,,,OPTIMAL?,,143. ,,,,,,???,ο,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,ORA-01560,,,,,,?,,),,,,,,,, MAXEXTENTS,,?,,ORA-01628,,,?,,?. ,,?,α,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,е,,?,,,,,,,MAXEXTENTS,,?,,144. ,,μ,,,ORACLE,?,,,?, ,,,д,,,,,,,,,,,AA.SQL,?,,, create or replace procedure testCCB(i in number) asbegin dbms_output.put_line(',,,,,,,,,'||to_char(i));end; SQL>wrap iname=a.sql; PL/SQL Wrapper: Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 27 22:26:48 2001 Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1993, 2000. All Rights Reserved. Processing AA.sql to AA.plb ,,,,AA.plb SQL> @AA.plb ; 145. ,,μ,,,,,,?,, select event,sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1)) "Prev",sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0)) "Curr",count(*) "Tot"from v$session_Wait group by event order by 4; 146. ,,λ?,ε,,,,,,,, select name, waits, gets, waits/gets "Ratio" from v$rollstat C, v$rollname D where C.usn = D.usn; 147. ,,μ,?,,,, I/O ,,,, select B.tablespace_name name,B.file_name "file",A.phyrds pyr,A.phyblkrd pbr,A.phywrts pyw, A.phyblkwrt pbw from v$filestat A, dba_data_files B where A.file# = B.file_id order by B.tablespace_name; 148. ,,μ,,,?,,,, I/O ,,,,? select substr(C.file#,1,2) "#", substr(C.name,1,30) "Name",C.status, C.bytes, D.phyrds, D.phywrts from v$datafile C, v$filestat D where C.file# = D.file#; 149. ,,,,,?,,,û,,,,,,,,е,,,,, select user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name,uniqueness, column_name from user_ind_columns, user_indexes where user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_nameand user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_nameorder by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name,user_indexes.index_name, column_position; 150. ,,μ,, SGA ,,,,,,,,? select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO" from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39 and c.statistic# = 40; 151. ,,μ,, SGA ,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,? select parameter, gets,Getmisses , getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 "miss ratio", (1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hit ratio"from v$rowcache where gets+getmisses 0 group by parameter, gets, getmisses; 152. ,,μ,, SGA ,й,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,С,,1% ,,?? select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache from v$librarycache; select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent" from v$librarycache; 153. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,С,,? select count(name) num_instances ,type ,sum(source_size) source_size ,sum(parsed_size) parsed_size ,sum(code_size) code_size ,sum(error_size) error_size, sum(source_size) +sum(parsed_size) +sum(code_size) +sum(error_size) size_required from dba_object_size group by type order by 2; 154. ,,, SGA ,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,С,,1%?? SELECT name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses,Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1, Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0, immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100) ratio2FROM v$latch WHERE name IN ('redo allocation', 'redo copy');155. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,С,, .10,,,,, sort_area_size?? SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)'); 156. ,,μ,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,ôSQL,,, SELECT osuser, username, sql_text from v$session a, v$sqltext bwhere a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece;157. ,,μ,,,?,,,,, SELECT (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) "LIB CACHE" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;SELECT (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROW CACHE" FROM V$ROWCACHE; SELECT SUM(PINS) "EXECUTIONS", SUM(RELOADS) "CACHE MISSES WHILE EXECUTING" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE; ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,С,,1%,,,,0%?,á, SELECT SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHE GET MISSES" FROM V$ROWCACHE 158. ,,, MTS select busy/(busy+idle) "shared servers busy" from v$dispatcher; ,,?,,,,0.5,,,,,,,,,,? select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) "dispatcher waits" from v$queue where type='dispatcher'; select count(*) from v$dispatcher; select servers_highwater from v$mts; servers_highwater,,,mts_max_servers,,,,,,,,,,? 159. ,,,,,5,,,û,,,ID,,? SQL>SHOW USER; OR SQL>select user from dual; 160. ,,β,,,,,,,,?,? SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extentsFROM dba_segments WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') GROUP BY segment_name HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX( COUNT(*) ) FROM dba_segments GROUP BY segment_name); 162. ,,,,,1,,,,,,,е?,,,,? select segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan from dba_extents where tablespace_name='&tablespace_name' and segment_type='TABLE' group by tablespace_name,segment_name; 163. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,е?,,,,? select segment_name,count(*) from dba_extents where segment_type='INDEX' and owner='&owner' group by segment_name; 164,,,,,,,,,,,CPU,,,,û,session? 11,,cpu used by this session select a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40) prog,a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 valuefrom v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat cwhere c.statistic#=11 and c.sid=a.sid and a.paddr=b.addr order by value desc; 165. ,,,,,<,,,,,,,?,?,? ,,8I?,, $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/LOG/LISTENER.LOG 166. ,,,,,<,,,,,,,,,?,? ,,8I?,, $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN/LISTENER.ORA 167. ,,,,,,TNS l,,,?,? ,,8I?,, $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN/TNSNAMES.ORA 168. ,,,,,,Sql*Net ,,,,,?,? ,,8I?,, $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN/SQLNET.ORA 169. ,,,,,>,,,,,?,?,? ,,8I?,, $ORACLE_HOME/ADMIN/SID/BDUMP/SIDALRT.LOG170. ,,,,,;,,? ,,8I?,, $ORACLE_HOME/RDBMS/ADMIN/STANDARD.SQL 171. ,,,,,=,b,,,,?,,,,? ,,8I?,, $ORACLE_HOME/RDBMS/ADMIN/CATALOG.SQL 172. ,,,,,=,b,,,,,,,,,?,,,,? ,,8I?,, $ORACLE_HOME/RDBMS/ADMIN/CATAUDIT.SQL 173. ,,,,,=,b,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,? ,,8I?,, $ORACLE_HOME/RDBMS/ADMIN/CATSNAP.SQL ,,,,,,,,,,,,SQL,,,,,?,,,,,! ,,,,,,ORACLE9I,,.?? 174. /*+ALL_ROWS*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,С,,.? ,,,,: SELECT /*+ALL+_ROWS*/ EMP_NO,EMP_NAM,DAT_IN FROM BSEMPMS WHERE EMP_NO='CCBZZP';175. /*+FIRST_ROWS*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,С,,.? ,,,,: SELECT /*+FIRST_ROWS*/ EMP_NO,EMP_NAM,DAT_IN FROM BSEMPMS WHERE EMP_NO='CCBZZP';176. /*+CHOOSE*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,з,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;?? ,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,û,з,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,; ,,,,: SELECT /*+CHOOSE*/ EMP_NO,EMP_NAM,DAT_IN FROM BSEMPMS WHERE EMP_NO='CCBZZP';177. /*+RULE*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,?,,,,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+ RULE */ EMP_NO,EMP_NAM,DAT_IN FROM BSEMPMS WHERE EMP_NO='CCBZZP';178. /*+FULL(TABLE)*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,.?? ,,,,: SELECT /*+FULL(A)*/ EMP_NO,EMP_NAM FROM BSEMPMS A WHERE EMP_NO='CCBZZP';179. /*+ROWID(TABLE)*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,ROWID,,,з,,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+ROWID(BSEMPMS)*/ * FROM BSEMPMS WHERE ROWID>='AAAAAAAAAAAAAA'AND EMP_NO='CCBZZP'; 180. /*+CLUSTER(TABLE)*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,??,?,,?,,,,,Ч. ,,,,: SELECT /*+CLUSTER */ BSEMPMS.EMP_NO,DPT_NO FROM BSEMPMS,BSDPTMSWHERE DPT_NO='TEC304' AND BSEMPMS.DPT_NO=BSDPTMS.DPT_NO; 181. /*+INDEX(TABLE INDEX_NAME)*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,??跽,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+INDEX(BSEMPMS SEX_INDEX) USE SEX_INDEX BECAUSE THERE ARE FEWMALE BSEMPMS */ FROM BSEMPMS WHERE SEX='M'; 182. /*+INDEX_ASC(TABLE INDEX_NAME)*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,??跽,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+INDEX_ASC(BSEMPMS PK_BSEMPMS) */ FROM BSEMPMS WHERE DPT_NO='CCBZZP';183. /*+INDEX_COMBINE*/ ??,,,,,,λ,,,,,?,,,,,,INDEX_COMBINE,,û,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,λ,,,,,,?? ,,,,,,,,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+INDEX_COMBINE(BSEMPMS SAL_BMI HIRE2003-10-17_BMI)*/ * FROM BSEMPMSWHERE SAL 184. /*+INDEX_JOIN(TABLE INDEX_NAME)*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,?,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+INDEX_JOIN(BSEMPMS SAL_HMI HIRE2003-10-17_BMI)*/ SAL,HIRE2003-10-17FROM BSEMPMS WHERE SAL 185. /*+INDEX_DESC(TABLE INDEX_NAME)*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,??跽,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+INDEX_DESC(BSEMPMS PK_BSEMPMS) */ FROM BSEMPMS WHERE DPT_NO='CCBZZP';186. /*+INDEX_FFS(TABLE INDEX_NAME)*/ ,,?,,,?,?,п,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,????. ,,,,: SELECT /*+INDEX_FFS(BSEMPMS IN_EMPNAM)*/ * FROM BSEMPMS WHERE DPT_NO='TEC305';187. /*+ADD_EQUAL TABLE INDEX_NAM1,INDEX_NAM2,...*/ ,,,,,,,,,,?,й,,滮??,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4. ,,,,: SELECT /*+INDEX_FFS(BSEMPMS IN_DPTNO,IN_EMPNO,IN_SEX)*/ * FROM BSEMPMS WHERE EMP_NO='CCBZZP' AND DPT_NO='TDC306'; 188. /*+USE_CONCAT*/ ,,,,е,WHERE,,,,,OR,,,,,,??,,?UNION ALL,,,,,,.? ,,,,: SELECT /*+USE_CONCAT*/ * FROM BSEMPMS WHERE DPT_NO='TDC506' AND SEX='M';189. /*+NO_EXPAND*/ ,,,,WHERE,,,,,OR ,,,,IN-LIST,?,,,,,NO_EXPAND,,,?,?,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,),. ,,,,: SELECT /*+NO_EXPAND*/ * FROM BSEMPMS WHERE DPT_NO='TDC506' AND SEX='M';190. /*+NOWRITE*/ ,,?,,,,,?,,,д,,,,.?? 191. /*+REWRITE*/ ,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,. 192. /*+MERGE(TABLE)*/ ,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,?,,.?? ,,,,: SELECT /*+MERGE(V) */ A.EMP_NO,A.EMP_NAM,B.DPT_NO FROM BSEMPMS A (SELET DPT_NO,AVG(SAL) AS AVG_SAL FROM BSEMPMS B GROUP BY DPT_NO) V WHERE A.DPT_NO=V.DPT_NOAND A.SAL>V.AVG_SAL; 193. /*+NO_MERGE(TABLE)*/ ,,,,,п,,,,,,,,,,?,,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+NO_MERGE(V) */ A.EMP_NO,A.EMP_NAM,B.DPT_NO FROM BSEMPMS A (SELET DPT_NO ,AVG(SAL) AS AVG_SAL FROM BSEMPMS B GROUP BY DPT_NO) V WHERE A.DPT_NO=V.DPT_NOAND A.SAL>V.AVG_SAL; 194. /*+ORDERED*/ ,,,,,,,,,FROM,е,,,,,ORDERED,ORACLE,4,,,,,,,l,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+ORDERED*/ A.COL1,B.COL2,C.COL3 FROM TABLE1 A,TABLE2 B,TABLE3 CWHERE A.COL1=B.COL1 AND B.COL1=C.COL1; 195. /*+USE_NL(TABLE)*/ ,,?,,,,,,,,,,l,,,,,,,,,l,,,,,,?,?,,,,,,?,,,,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+ORDERED USE_NL(BSEMPMS)*/ BSDPTMS.DPT_NO,BSEMPMS.EMP_NO,BSEMPMS.EMP_NAM FROM BSEMPMS,BSDPTMS WHERE BSEMPMS.DPT_NO=BSDPTMS.DPT_NO; 196. /*+USE_MERGE(TABLE)*/ ,,?,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,l,,,,l,,,,4. ,,,,: SELECT /*+USE_MERGE(BSEMPMS,BSDPTMS)*/ * FROM BSEMPMS,BSDPTMS WHEREBSEMPMS.DPT_NO=BSDPTMS.DPT_NO; 197. /*+USE_HASH(TABLE)*/ ,,?,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,l,,,,l,,,,4. ,,,,: SELECT /*+USE_HASH(BSEMPMS,BSDPTMS)*/ * FROM BSEMPMS,BSDPTMS WHEREBSEMPMS.DPT_NO=BSDPTMS.DPT_NO; 198. /*+DRIVING_SITE(TABLE)*/ ?,,,,ORACLE,,,,,λ,ò,,,?,,,в,???,,. ,,,,: SELECT /*+DRIVING_SITE(DEPT)*/ * FROM BSEMPMS,DEPT@BSDPTMS WHERE BSEMPMS.DPT_NO=DEPT.DPT_NO; 199. /*+LEADING(TABLE)*/ ,,?,,,?,,,?l,,,,,е,,??,. 200. /*+CACHE(TABLE)*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,CACHE,,,?,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,б,LRU,,,,,,,ö,,,,,: SELECT /*+FULL(BSEMPMS) CAHE(BSEMPMS) */ EMP_NAM FROM BSEMPMS;201. /*+NOCACHE(TABLE)*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,CACHE,,,?,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,б,LRU,,,,,,,ö,,,,,: SELECT /*+FULL(BSEMPMS) NOCAHE(BSEMPMS) */ EMP_NAM FROM BSEMPMS;202. /*+APPEND*/ ?,,,??,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. insert /*+append*/ into test1 select * from test4 ; 203. /*+NOAPPEND*/ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,?,4,,,,,,,,.insert /*+noappend*/ into test1 select * from test4 ; ORACLE,,,,,,,, 204. ,,εõ,,?,?,?,,,?,,ASCII?? ASCII(CHAR) SELECT ASCII('ABCDE') FROM DUAL; ,,,: 65 205. ,,εõ,,,?N?,,,,,?,? CHR(N) SELECT CHR(68) FROM DUAL; ,,,: D 206. ,,,l,,},,,?,? CONCAT(CHAR1,CHAR2) SELECT CONCAT('ABC','DEFGH') FROM DUAL;,,,: 'ABCDEFGH' 207. ,,ν,,,,е,,,?,,,,?,?,? DECODE(CHAR,N1,CHAR1,N2,CHAR2...)SELECT DECODE(DAY,1,'SUN',2,'MON') FROM DUAL;208. INITCAP(CHAR) ,,,?,CHAR,?,?,,,?,?,,д,,,,,?Сд. SELECT INITCAP('ABCDE') FROM DUAL;209. LENGTH(CHAR) ,?,?,CHAR,?,,,. SELECT LENGTH('ABCDE') FROM DUAL;210. LOWER(CHAR) ,,,?,CHAR,,,,,?Сд. SELECT LOWER('ABCDE') FROM DUAL; 211. LPAD(CHAR1,N,CHAR2) ,,,?,CHAR2,,(,,,?,,,,,CHAR1,,,,,,?N.SELECT LPAD('ABCDEFG',10'123') FROM DUAL;,,,: '123ABCDEFG' 212. LTRIM(CHAR,SET) ,,,?,CHAR,,,,,,,,,?,SET,е,,?,,?,,,,?,,,,SET,е,,?,??. SELECT ('CDEFG','CD') FROM DUAL; ,,,: 'EFG' 213. NLS_INITCAP(CHAR) ,,?,CHAR,?,?,,,?,,д,,,,,,?,?Сд. SELECT NLS_INITCAP('ABCDE') FROM DUAL;214. NLS_LOWER(CHAR) ,,,?,CHAR,,(,,,?,,,,Сд. SELECT NLS_LOWER('AAAA') FROM DUAL;215. NLS_UPPER(CHAR) ,,,?,CHAR,,(,,,?,,,,,,д. SELECT NLS_UPPER('AAAA') FROM DUAL;216. REPLACE(CHAR1,CHAR2,CHAR3) ,,,?,CHAR3,,,,ÿ?,,,,??CHAR2,,,,,,,,,,,,CHAR1,,.SELECT REPLACE(EMP_NO,'123','456') FROM DUAL;217. RPAD(CHAR1,N,CHAR2) ,,,?,CHAR2,,,,,?,CHAR1,,,,,,?N. SELECT RPAD('234',8,'0') FROM DUAL;218. RTRIM(CHAR,SET) ,,,,?,CHAR,?,,,?,SET,е,,?,,?,,,,,?,,,,SET,е,,?,??. SELECT RTRIM('ABCDE','DE') FROM DUAL;219. SUBSTR(CHAR,M,N) ,õ,,?,CHAR,,M,,,,,,,N,,,?,. ,,?,,?,,?,,,,??,,,?,,. SELECT SUBSTR('ABCDE',2,3) FROM DUAL;220. SUBSTRB(CHAR,M,N) ,õ,,?,CHAR,,M,,,,,,,N,,,?,. ,,?,,?,,?,,,,?,,,,,?,,. SELECT SUBSTRB('ABCDE',2,3) FROM DUAL;221. TRANSLATE(CHAR1,CHAR2,CHAR3),,CHAR1,е,CHAR2,?,,,,,CHAR3,,,,. SELECT TRANSLATE('ABCDEFGH','DE','MN') FROM DUAL; 222. UPPER(CHAR) ,,,?,CHAR,,,?,,д. 223. ADD_MONTHS(D,N) ,,N,,,,,,,D,,,,.? SELECT ADD_MONTHS(SYS2003-10-17,5) FROM DUAL; 224. LAST_DAY(D) ,õ,,,D,,,,?,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,.SELECT LAST_DAY(SYS2003-10-17) FROM DUAL; 225. MONTH_BETWEEN(D1,D2) ,õ,},,,,,,,,,,,,,,. SELECT MONTH_BETWEEN(D1,D2) FROM DUAL;226. NEXT_DAY(D,CHAR) ,õ,,,,,,,D,,,,,CHAR,,,,?,?,,,,,,,,,,,.SELECT NEXT_DAY(TO_2003-10-17('2003/09/20'),'SATDAY') FROM DUAL; 227. ROUNT(D,FMT) ,õ,,,?,,,,?,FMT,,,,,,,,,,,,,?. SELECT ROUNT('2003/09/20',MONTH) FROM DUAL; 228. SYS2003-10-17 ,õ,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,. SELECT SYS2003-10-17 FROM DUAL;229. TO_CHAR(D,FMT) ,,,,,,D?,,?FMT,,,?,. SELECT TO_CHAR(SYS2003-10-17,'YYYY/MM/DD') FROM DUAL; 230. TO_2003-10-17(CHAR,FMT),,,?,CHAR,,FMT,?,,?,,?,,,,.SELECT TO_2003-10-17('2003/09/20','YYYY/MM/DD') FROM DUAL; 231. ABS(N) ,õ,N,?,,?. SELECT ABS(-6) FROM DUAL; 232. CEIL(N) ,õ,,,,,,,,,N,,,,,,,,,. SELECT CEIL(5.6) FROM DUAL;233. COS(N) ,õ,N,,,,,,?. SELECT COS(1) FROM DUAL; 234. SIN(N) ,õ,N,,,,,,?. SELECT SIN(1) FROM DUAL; 235. COSH(N) ,õ,N,,,,,,,,,?. SELECT COSH(1) FROM DUAL; 236. EXP(N) ,õ,N,,E,,N,,,,. SELECT EXP(1) FROM DUAL; 237. FLOOR(N) ,õ,С,,,,,,N,,,,С,,,,. SELECT FLOOR(5.6) FROM DUAL;238. LN(N) ,õ,N,,,,,,,,,. SELECT LN(1) FROM DUAL; 239. LOG(M,N) ,õ,,,M?,,N,?,,,. SELECT LOG(2,8) FROM DUAL;240. MOD(M,N) ,õ,M,,,,N,,,,,,. SELECT MOD(100,7) FROM DUAL; ####