支原体,病毒,细菌引起的支气管病变区别及抗生素的使用

支原体,病毒,细菌引起的支气管病变区别及抗生素的使用 支原体，病毒，细菌引起的支气管病变区别在那里, 1急性支气管炎早期先有急性上呼吸道感染症状，可有畏寒，发热，全身不适，常无咳嗽，咳痰症状。这属病毒感染期。 2.急性支气管炎出现咳嗽，咳少量黏痰，脓痰。这属细菌感染期。 3.如阵发性刺激性咳嗽，咳少量黏痰或黏液脓性痰，有时痰中带血，时间在2至3周，这属支原体感染期。 支原体感染时一般为干咳，夜咳，而且咳嗽持续的时间较久，一般会有胸痛和咳后欲呕的特点。而细菌性感染造成的则会有咳痰多黄稠的特点。 支原体感染患儿咳嗽时间较长，或者咳嗽非常激烈，呈痉挛性咳嗽，咳嗽时常咳得面红耳赤，并伴有呕吐， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现异常痛苦， 支原体感染后一般表现为刺激性干咳，后转为顽固性剧烈咳嗽，无痰或伴有少量黏痰，夜间咳嗽较为明显， 支原体感染用药:早期使用适当抗菌药物可减轻症状及缩短病程。本病有自限性，多数病例不经治疗可自愈。大环内酯类抗菌药物为首选，如红霉素、罗红霉素和阿奇霉素。氟喹诺酮类如左氧氟沙星、加替沙星和莫西沙星等，四环素类 ,3周。因肺炎支原体无细胞壁，青也用于肺炎支原体肺炎的治疗。疗程一般2 霉素或头孢菌素类等抗菌药物无效。对剧烈呛咳者，应适当给予镇咳药。若继发细菌感染，可根据痰病原学检查，选用针对性的抗菌药物治疗。 本病具有自限性，多数病例不经治疗可自愈，使用适当的抗菌药物可以减轻症状，缩短病程。 治疗首选红霉素，亦可用四环族抗生素。早期使用适当的抗生素可以减轻症状，缩短病程至7,10天。 支原体肺炎的鉴别 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 是什么 跟普通感冒有什么区别 当你身体出现发热、头痛、鼻塞或者咽痛时，你可能会很轻易认为你是感冒了，但千万别疏忽大意，因为很多严重的疾病前期也是类似这种症状，比如支原体肺炎。那么支原体肺炎的鉴别方法是什么，它跟普通感冒有什么区别呢? 支原体肺炎与其他疾病的不同点其实在很多小方面能看出来的。 一般来说，支原体肺炎的潜伏期2,3周，起病缓慢，约1/3病例无症状。以气管-支气管炎、肺炎、耳鼓膜炎等的形式出现，而以肺炎最重。发病初有乏力、头痛、咽痛、发冷、发热、肌肉酸痛、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐等，头痛显著。发热高低不一，可高达39?。2,3天后出现明显的呼吸道症状，如阵发性刺激性咳嗽，咳少量黏痰或黏液脓性痰，有时痰中带血。发热可持续2,3周。热度恢复正常后尚可遗有咳嗽，伴胸骨下疼痛，但无胸痛。 而且常伴有轻度鼻塞、流涕，咽中度充血。耳鼓膜常有充血，约15%有鼓膜to find solutions. Especially valuable is, these two missions took the city in Beijing, the considerable work in blue, from yinglaisongwang, provide services to invite businessmen and for major projects, micromanaging, hands-on, real offices full service, full service role. Hotel in Pingliang, Pingliang building and printingBrush factory service quality and service levels have also been further enhanced. Second, creatively work towards funding projects onto a new stage. The Beijing liaison office LAN from simple secure funding, and the shift to a more directly involved in the project, from the small projects to large projects to introduce change, strengthening project work. Liaison Office in Beijing, always put the report convergence and implementation, as reported to national construction projects, I work a top priority, take the initiative to strengthen contacts with national ministries and provincial authorities on contact and, from top to bottom convergence projects in advance, timely feedback on the city and the County (district). Liaison Office in Beijing this year, and cooperate with, or directly with item 8 of the interface implemented on the national, provincial, for State investment of nearly 20 million Yuan. The blue Office closely around the city's four pillar industries, large projects and more mature projects, brand focus and direction of the project as an investment. Grasp the 炎。颈淋巴结可肿大。少数病例有斑丘疹、红斑或唇疱疹。胸部一般无明显异常体征。 在发病初期的症状跟普通感冒很相似，那它们之间有什么区别呢? 第一，咳嗽及呼吸。支原体肺炎大多有咳嗽或喘的症状，且程度较重，常引起呼吸困难。感冒和支气管炎引起的咳嗽或喘一般较轻，不会引起呼吸困难。呼吸困难表现为憋气，两侧鼻翼一张一张的(鼻翼翕动)，口唇发紫。这也说明肺炎病情严重，不可拖延。 第二，胸部。把耳朵轻轻贴在患者脊柱两侧的胸壁，仔细倾听。肺炎患者在吸气末期会听到“咕噜”、“咕噜”的声音，医生称之为细小水泡音，这是肺炎的重要体征。而普通感冒感冒一般不会有这种声音。 第三，体温。支原体肺炎一般体温在38度以上并持续2至3天以上不退，如用退热药只能暂时退一会儿。普通感冒也发热，但以38?以下为多，持续时间也较短，用退热药效果也较明显。 通过以上方法，就能很简单的判别出支原体肺炎和普通感冒的区别。 那么下面笔者为大家介绍几种治疗支原体肺炎的药品: 罗红霉素胶囊:适用于敏感菌所致的鼻窦炎、中耳炎、急性支气管炎、慢性支气管炎急性发作，肺炎支原体或肺炎衣原体所致的肺炎。 罗红霉素分散片:适用于化脓性链球菌引起的咽炎及扁桃体炎，肺炎支原体或肺炎衣原体所致的肺炎;沙眼衣原体引起的尿道炎和宫颈炎。 利肺片:驱痨补肺，镇咳化痰。本品主要用于肺痨咳嗽，咯痰，咯血，气虚哮喘，慢性气管炎等。 支原体感染特有的表现 来源:吉林市网络医院 2013年02月07日 肺炎支原体进入宝宝体内后并不立即引起症状，在潜伏了约2,3周后才会引起症状。宝宝主要表现为发热、头痛、畏寒、咳嗽、疲乏、全身不适、食欲不振等。 初期宝宝咳嗽少痰，呈干咳状，以后逐渐转成顽固性的剧烈咳嗽，伴有少量黏液样痰，特别在夜间咳得很厉害，有点像百日咳。婴幼儿表现出喘憋和呼吸困难。其中约3%,10%可以发展成支原体肺炎。 有的患儿无明显的咳嗽，而以高热、寒战和咽痛症状为主。 肺炎支原体还会引起其他系统和器官的病变，如麻疹样皮疹、肌痛、游走性关节疼痛、肝功能损害、溶血性贫血、脑膜脑炎、心肌炎、心包炎、肾炎等。 正确选择抗菌素是治疗支原体肺炎成败的关键。由于支原体躲在细胞内，而青霉素类及头孢霉素类药物在细胞内浓度很低，加之这两种抗菌素是通过破坏细菌的细胞壁杀灭细菌的，而支原体没有细胞壁，使得以上两种抗菌素“无能为力”。临床应用证实红霉素在细胞内浓度很高，可以杀灭支原体，但是红霉素副作用较大，近年已用阿奇霉素代替，后者作用时间长，每天只需服用一次，副作用相对较少。一般需服用2,3周药物，否则容易复发。 to find solutions. Especially valuable is, these two missions took the city in Beijing, the considerable work in blue, from yinglaisongwang, provide services to invite businessmen and for major projects, micromanaging, hands-on, real offices full service, full service role. Hotel in Pingliang, Pingliang building and printingBrush factory service quality and service levels have also been further enhanced. Second, creatively work towards funding projects onto a new stage. The Beijing liaison office LAN from simple secure funding, and the shift to a more directly involved in the project, from the small projects to large projects to introduce change, strengthening project work. Liaison Office in Beijing, always put the report convergence and implementation, as reported to national construction projects, I work a top priority, take the initiative to strengthen contacts with national ministries and provincial authorities on contact and, from top to bottom convergence projects in advance, timely feedback on the city and the County (district). Liaison Office in Beijing this year, and cooperate with, or directly with item 8 of the interface implemented on the national, provincial, for State investment of nearly 20 million Yuan. The blue Office closely around the city's four pillar industries, large projects and more mature projects, brand focus and direction of the project as an investment. Grasp the 病例: 基本信息:男 4岁 病情描述及疑问:白天不咳嗽，晚上咳得好厉害，是什么症状的咳嗽, 吴化忠医师 儿科 擅长:对内儿科的常见病多发病能够做到诊断与治疗。 访问医生主页 吴化忠安徽合肥肥东县人民医院 儿科2014-04-16 10:15投诉 建议:你好，从你描述的情况来看，你家宝宝的白天不咳嗽晚上咳嗽的这种情况，主要是由支原体感染而引起的，多注意休息，饮食清淡，可以用点阿奇霉素颗粒、氨溴素、易坦净等对症处理，必要时化验血常规，根据化验的结果再合理的处理。 扁桃体炎 扁桃体炎可分为急性扁桃体炎和慢性扁桃体炎。患急性传染病(如猩红热、麻疹、流感、白喉等)后，可引起慢性扁桃体炎，鼻腔有鼻窦感染也可伴发本病。病源菌以链球菌及葡萄球菌等最常见。临床表现为经常咽部不适，异物感，发干、痒，刺激性咳嗽，口臭等症状。 1.急性期 (1)全身症状起病急，畏寒，高热可达39,40?，尤其是幼儿可因高热而抽搐、呕吐或昏睡、食欲不振、便秘以及全身酸懒等。 (2)局部症状咽痛明显，吞咽时尤甚，剧烈疼痛者可放射至耳部，幼儿常因不能吞咽而哭闹不安。儿童若因扁桃体肥大影响呼吸时可妨碍其睡眠，夜间常惊醒。 2.慢性期 (1)反复发作咽痛每遇感冒、受凉、劳累、睡眠欠佳或烟酒刺激后咽痛发作，并有咽部不适及堵塞感。 (2)口臭由于扁桃体内细菌的繁殖生长及残留于扁桃体内的脓性栓塞物，常可致口臭。 (3)扁桃体肿大肥大的扁桃体可使吞咽困难，说话含糊不清，呼吸不畅或睡眠时打鼾。 (4)全身表现扁桃体内的细菌，脓栓常随吞咽进入消化道，从而引起消化不良。如细菌毒素进入体内，可有头痛、四肢乏力、容易疲劳或低热等表现。 药物治疗使用增强免疫力的药物;若为链球菌感染，可用长效青霉素治疗;加强体育锻炼，增强体质和抗病能力。当保守治疗无效时应采用手术疗法。 扁桃体发炎怎么办？ 扁桃体发炎是扁桃体的炎症。临床上分为急性和慢性两种，主要症状是咽痛、发热及咽部不适感等。此病可引起耳、鼻以及心、肾、关节等局部或全身的并发症，故应予重视。扁桃体炎的致病原以溶血性链球菌为主，其他如葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、流感杆菌以及病毒等也可引起。 to find solutions. Especially valuable is, these two missions took the city in Beijing, the considerable work in blue, from yinglaisongwang, provide services to invite businessmen and for major projects, micromanaging, hands-on, real offices full service, full service role. Hotel in Pingliang, Pingliang building and printingBrush factory service quality and service levels have also been further enhanced. Second, creatively work towards funding projects onto a new stage. The Beijing liaison office LAN from simple secure funding, and the shift to a more directly involved in the project, from the small projects to large projects to introduce change, strengthening project work. Liaison Office in Beijing, always put the report convergence and implementation, as reported to national construction projects, I work a top priority, take the initiative to strengthen contacts with national ministries and provincial authorities on contact and, from top to bottom convergence projects in advance, timely feedback on the city and the County (district). Liaison Office in Beijing this year, and cooperate with, or directly with item 8 of the interface implemented on the national, provincial, for State investment of nearly 20 million Yuan. The blue Office closely around the city's four pillar industries, large projects and more mature projects, brand focus and direction of the project as an investment. Grasp the 药物治疗 全身治疗:本病多为链球菌感染，抗生素首选青霉素，青霉素过敏者可选用红霉素、林可霉素等。高热头痛及全身酸痛者可选用阿司匹林等解热镇痛剂。经2—3日治疗后如病情无好转，则应考虑是否病毒或其他细菌感染，改用抗病毒药、敏感抗生京或磺胺类药物，可酌情使用肾上腺皮质激素，如泼尼松、地塞米松等。 局部治疗:可选用 小儿患扁桃体炎时全身的感染症状很明显，孩子表现为:高烧可达39,40?，同时伴有寒战，全身乏力，头痛及全身痛，食欲不振，恶心和呕吐。检查咽部时可发现扁桃体上有脓。这是最有力的诊断依据，因为光凭全身症状不能与其他感冒相区别。 急性扁桃体炎的治疗主要是控制感染，扁桃体炎多为细菌感染，特别是化脓性扁桃体炎更是化脓菌所致，所以必须使用抗生素。慢性扁桃体炎引起的扁桃体肥大可造成呼吸困难，特别是睡眠时，因舌头也松弛后倒，致使鼾声如雷，天长日久会因慢性缺氧而影响生长发育，慢性缺氧还会使孩子的智力发育受到影响。 扁桃体急性发炎时，采用青霉素类(如阿莫西林)抗革兰氏阳性细菌抗生素或消炎药物，治疗效果很好。加上适当的休息，注意营养，一般在1周左右就可恢复正常。 如果炎症反复发作，则可转化成慢性。慢性扁桃体炎的症状不很明显，主要是咽痛。咽干、咽部不适、有口臭等表现。由于炎症的原因扁桃体常常比较肥大，但也有少数扁桃体萎缩而仍有慢性炎症者，并常合并伴有慢性咽炎。检查可见扁桃体表面充暗红色血、表面有瘢痕、及粘连、凹凸不平，腭舌弓亦可有慢性充血，有时颌下淋巴结也可肿大。慢性扁桃体炎也可用抗菌消炎药物，如反复急性发作，则需要施行手术切除，但一般5周岁以下儿童不适宜于手术治疗，多采用保守治疗，因其尚有一定的免疫作用。 急性咽喉炎 病因 急性咽喉炎常因受凉，过度疲劳，烟酒过度等致全身及局部抵抗力下降，病原微生物乘虚而入，而引发本病。病原微生物主要为鼻病毒、腺病毒、流感及副流感病毒等引起，部分患者可由溶血性链球菌或肺炎双球菌引起。 临床表现 急性起病，初起出现咽部干燥、灼热，继之疼痛，吞咽及咳嗽时加重，并可出现声音嘶哑，讲话困难，有时伴发热，全身不适，关节酸痛，头痛及食欲不振等。to find solutions. Especially valuable is, these two missions took the city in Beijing, the considerable work in blue, from yinglaisongwang, provide services to invite businessmen and for major projects, micromanaging, hands-on, real offices full service, full service role. Hotel in Pingliang, Pingliang building and printingBrush factory service quality and service levels have also been further enhanced. Second, creatively work towards funding projects onto a new stage. The Beijing liaison office LAN from simple secure funding, and the shift to a more directly involved in the project, from the small projects to large projects to introduce change, strengthening project work. Liaison Office in Beijing, always put the report convergence and implementation, as reported to national construction projects, I work a top priority, take the initiative to strengthen contacts with national ministries and provincial authorities on contact and, from top to bottom convergence projects in advance, timely feedback on the city and the County (district). Liaison Office in Beijing this year, and cooperate with, or directly with item 8 of the interface implemented on the national, provincial, for State investment of nearly 20 million Yuan. The blue Office closely around the city's four pillar industries, large projects and more mature projects, brand focus and direction of the project as an investment. Grasp the 检查口咽及鼻咽黏膜弥漫性充血、肿胀、腭弓及悬壅垂水肿，咽后壁淋巴滤泡和咽侧壁红肿;表面可出现黄白色点状渗出物，下颌淋巴结可出现肿大并伴有压痛。 鉴别诊断 1.急性扁桃体炎 急性扁桃体炎的咽痛及全身症状均比急性咽喉炎严重，检查可见扁桃体红肿、化脓，咽部黏膜虽受影响，但淋巴滤泡无化脓表现。 2.咽白喉 咽白喉全身中毒症状明显，精神萎靡，咽部可见灰白色假膜，取分泌物检查可找到白喉杆菌。 治疗 由于目前尚无特效抗病毒药物，临床以对症处理为主，同时戒烟、注意休息、多饮水、保持室内空气流通和防治继发细菌感染。 1.对症治疗 可含服溶菌酶片、碘含片等;频频用温淡盐水含漱;咽痛剧烈或体温较高者，可口服对乙酰氨基酚，或肌肉注射安痛定、柴胡注射液等。 2.抗菌药物治疗 如伴有白细胞计数升高、咽部脓苔等细菌感染证据者，可根据当地流行病学史和经验用药，可选口服青霉素、第一代头孢菌素、大环内酯类或喹诺酮类。极少需要根据病原菌选用敏感的抗菌药物。 3.抗病毒药物治疗 患者如无发热，免疫功能正常，发病超过2天一般无需应用。对于免疫缺陷患者，可早期常规使用。利巴韦林和奥司他韦有较广的抗病毒谱，对常见的呼吸道病毒均有较强的抗病毒作用，可缩短病程。 4.中药治疗 具有清热解毒和抗病毒作用的中药均可选用，有助于改善症状，缩短病程。 吃了阿莫西林多久能吃阿奇霉素吗 杨东银 医师河北威县贺钊医院(二甲)投诉2014-04-15 19:43 你好,阿莫西林和阿奇霉素两种抗生素属于不同抗生素类别,适应症不同,服药可以间隔2小时服用。不过要根据病情使用药物,建议在医生的指导下使用。 感冒和肺炎的区别 天，不少小儿易患感冒。一般性的感冒并不可怕，可怕的是并发支气管肺炎。因为二者症状相似，一些父母习惯按照症状自行给孩子服用感冒药，不见好转才把孩子送到医院。而部分儿童肺炎症状并不明显，再遇上没有经验的医生，很容易to find solutions. Especially valuable is, these two missions took the city in Beijing, the considerable work in blue, from yinglaisongwang, provide services to invite businessmen and for major projects, micromanaging, hands-on, real offices full service, full service role. Hotel in Pingliang, Pingliang building and printingBrush factory service quality and service levels have also been further enhanced. Second, creatively work towards funding projects onto a new stage. The Beijing liaison office LAN from simple secure funding, and the shift to a more directly involved in the project, from the small projects to large projects to introduce change, strengthening project work. Liaison Office in Beijing, always put the report convergence and implementation, as reported to national construction projects, I work a top priority, take the initiative to strengthen contacts with national ministries and provincial authorities on contact and, from top to bottom convergence projects in advance, timely feedback on the city and the County (district). Liaison Office in Beijing this year, and cooperate with, or directly with item 8 of the interface implemented on the national, provincial, for State investment of nearly 20 million Yuan. The blue Office closely around the city's four pillar industries, large projects and more mature projects, brand focus and direction of the project as an investment. Grasp the 延误孩子的病情。 孩子是否由感冒已经发展成为肺炎，其实数一数孩子的呼吸就能初步判断。 一般感冒出现的打喷嚏、流涕、咳嗽、发烧等症状，轻者三五天，重者一周左右就会逐渐好转。如果发现孩子病情不见减轻，并且精神不振，没有食欲，呼吸又加快，就应当考虑发展成肺炎的可能。半岁以下的孩子，每分钟呼吸次数应在30-40次，如果超过40次甚至达到50次，父母应立即带孩子就诊。1岁左右的孩子，每分钟呼吸次数在30次左右为正常，超过就有患肺炎的可能。1岁以上的儿童正常呼吸每分钟在二十几次。一旦有呼吸频率过快的症状，应考虑为小儿肺炎。 如果呼吸正常，只出现咳嗽、发热、流鼻涕的孩子，仅需在家好好休息，多喝水，适当吃些退烧药即可。 以下两种情况也有助于小儿肺炎的诊断:一是体温持续不退，甚至一直升高。二是咳嗽比较厉害，声音发出的部位比较深。需要特别注意的是，1岁以内的小儿不一定发烧、咳嗽。有时出现面色不好、不吃奶时，已发展到了肺炎，严重的会引起心衰，危及生命。 感冒发展成肺炎的具体时间一般很难预料。慢的在感冒两三天后出现，快的来势凶猛，上午是感冒，下午是支气管炎，晚上就有可能发展到了肺炎，所以要引起父母和医生的高度警惕。 肺炎的类型有哪些, 按病因分类，肺炎可以分为以下几个类型: 1(细菌性肺炎 是最常见的肺炎，约占肺炎的80,。病原体包括革兰阳性球菌如肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血件链球菌等;革兰阴性杆菌如肺炎克雷白杆菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、肠杆菌属(阴沟肠杆菌等)、不动杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌及厌氧菌等。 随着抗蓖药物的普遍使用、预防手段的进步与新病原体的出现，细菌性肺炎病原茵分布规律正在发生变化。20世纪30年代前，90,以上的细菌性肺炎由肺炎球菌所致，近20年来革兰阴性杆菌所致的肺炎比例不断增加(在医院获得性肺炎中约占60,以上，新的病原菌肺炎(如嗜肺军团杆菌)的发生率亦增多。 to find solutions. Especially valuable is, these two missions took the city in Beijing, the considerable work in blue, from yinglaisongwang, provide services to invite businessmen and for major projects, micromanaging, hands-on, real offices full service, full service role. Hotel in Pingliang, Pingliang building and printingBrush factory service quality and service levels have also been further enhanced. Second, creatively work towards funding projects onto a new stage. The Beijing liaison office LAN from simple secure funding, and the shift to a more directly involved in the project, from the small projects to large projects to introduce change, strengthening project work. Liaison Office in Beijing, always put the report convergence and implementation, as reported to national construction projects, I work a top priority, take the initiative to strengthen contacts with national ministries and provincial authorities on contact and, from top to bottom convergence projects in advance, timely feedback on the city and the County (district). Liaison Office in Beijing this year, and cooperate with, or directly with item 8 of the interface implemented on the national, provincial, for State investment of nearly 20 million Yuan. The blue Office closely around the city's four pillar industries, large projects and more mature projects, brand focus and direction of the project as an investment. Grasp the 2(病毒性肺炎 包括腺病毒、呼吸道台胞病毒、流感病毒、麻疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疤疹病毒等。 3(支原体肺炎 4(其他病原体肺炎 包括立克次体、肺炎衣原体、弓形体、寄生虫(如卡氏肺袍子虫、肺包虫、肺吸虫)等。艾滋病病人易伴发卡氏肺包子虫、弓形体等感染。 5(真菌性肺炎 包括白色念珠菌、曲菌、放线茵等。 6(其他非感染因素 如:放射性肺炎，为肿瘤胸部故疗后所引起的肺损伤、纤维化;化学性肺炎，为吸人刺激性气体或液体所致;过敏性肺炎，为接触过敏源所致的肺嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，均可表现轻重不一的呼吸道症状。(责任编辑:叉叉) to find solutions. Especially valuable is, these two missions took the city in Beijing, the considerable work in blue, from yinglaisongwang, provide services to invite businessmen and for major projects, micromanaging, hands-on, real offices full service, full service role. Hotel in Pingliang, Pingliang building and printingBrush factory service quality and service levels have also been further enhanced. Second, creatively work towards funding projects onto a new stage. The Beijing liaison office LAN from simple secure funding, and the shift to a more directly involved in the project, from the small projects to large projects to introduce change, strengthening project work. Liaison Office in Beijing, always put the report convergence and implementation, as reported to national construction projects, I work a top priority, take the initiative to strengthen contacts with national ministries and provincial authorities on contact and, from top to bottom convergence projects in advance, timely feedback on the city and the County (district). Liaison Office in Beijing this year, and cooperate with, or directly with item 8 of the interface implemented on the national, provincial, for State investment of nearly 20 million Yuan. The blue Office closely around the city's four pillar industries, large projects and more mature projects, brand focus and direction of the project as an investment. Grasp the