阶段测试-1

Test One Test One Part I Vocabulary (1*20=20%) 1.​ Not all persons arrested and ________ with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law. A. sentenced B. accused C. persecuted D. charged 2. This team ________ of only ten technicians, yet they have made lots of inventions in the past few years. A. constitutes B. consists C. forms D. composes 3. The resolution of the U.N. Security Council had a clear ________, that is, to make joint efforts to fight against terrorism. A. objective B. objection C. goal D. mention 4. Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of ________ grouping is advisable. A. homogeneous B. spontaneous C. instantaneous D. anonymous’ 5. The commission could find itself _________ at every turn if its members couldn’t reach an agreement. A. collided B. crumbled C. savaged D. hampered 6. They believed that this was not the _________ of their campaign for equality, but merely the beginning. A. climax B. pitch C. summit D. maximum 7. The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an ________. A. illusion B. image C. impression D. illumination 8. Giving a gift can convey a wealth of meaning about your appreciation of their ________ and the importance you place upon the relationship. D A. solidarity B. superiority C. priority D. hospitality 9. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget ________. A. disposition B. defect C. discrepancy D. deficit 10. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons ________ slowly into the sky. A. ascending B. escalating C. elevating D. lingering 11. Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governing bodies whose functions usually include ________ rules, holding events, selecting national teams and promoting international links. A. drawing on B. drawing up C. drawing in D. drawing down 12. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost ________ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft. A. restrictively B. inclusively C. radically D. exclusively 13. All the ceremonies at the 2000 Olympic Games had a unique Australian flavor, ________ of their multicultural communities. A. noticeable B. conspicuous C. indicative D. implicit 14. Medical students are advised that the wearing of a white coat ________ the acceptance of a professional code of conduct expected of the medical profession. A. supplements B. simulates C. signifies D. Sears 15. Apart from philosophical and legal reasons for respecting patients’ wishes, there are several practical reasons why doctors should ________ to involve patients in their own medical care decisions. A. enforce B. endow C. endeavor D. enhance 16. Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms ________ with age as an inevitable outcome of living. A. depress B. default C. deteriorate D. degrade 17. Many manufacturers were accused of concentrating too heavily on cost reduction, often at the ________ of the quality of their products. A. expense B. exposure C. expansion D. expectation 18. Encouraged by their culture to voice their opinion freely, the Canadians are not afraid to go against the group _________, and will argue their viewpoints enthusiastically, though rarely aggressively. A. consent B. consensus C. conscience D. consciousness 19. The microscope and telescope, with their capacity to enlarge, isolate and probe, demonstrate how details can be ________ and separated from the whole. A. radiated B. extended C. prolonged D. magnified 20. Lighting can be used not only to create an atmosphere, but also to ________ features of the house, such as ornaments or pictures. A. highlight B. underline C. activate D. upgrade Part II Reading Comprehension (2*20=40%) Passage 1 The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence. This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a burden on the memory, it is energizing as the poet of our dreams and as the architect of our purposes. Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts. It works by eliciting the general principles which apply to the facts, as they exist, and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world, and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes. Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline, this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination. Fools act on imagination without knowledge; pedants（学究）act on knowledge without imagination. The task of university is to weld together imagination and experience. 21.The main theme of the passage is ____. A. the access to knowledge in university B. the function of universities C. the role of imagination in our lives D. the relationship between imagination and experience 22. According to the passage, the justification for a university is that ____. A. it presents facts and experience to young and old B. it imparts knowledge to imaginative people C. it combines imagination with knowledge and experience D. it enables men to construct an intellectual vision of the world 23. The word “eliciting” in paragraph 2 probably means ____. A. applying B. challenging C. drawing forth D. preserving 24. Which of the following is NOT discussed as one of the things imagination can do? A. It makes our life exciting and worthwhile. B. It helps us to understand the world. C. It helps us to formulate Laws about the facts D. It provides inspiration to the artists. 25. According to the author, the tragedy of the world is that ____. A. our energy of imagination cannot be preserved B. our imagination is seldom disciplined C. we grow old inevitably D. too many people are either fools or pedants Passage 2 There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job. “Contact us before writing your application.” Or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history.” is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right. There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams.” was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest. Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for.” was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview. There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae. 26.​ The new type of advertisement in the classified columns of newspapers ____. A. offers job opportunities B. informs people where they can find a job C. gives useful advice to those looking for employment D. divides jobs available into various types 27. Such specialized service is becoming popular with people because ____. A. the unemployment problem is serious B. it can offer more job opportunities C. it can tell you what job is fit for you D. it tells you the know-how to find a job 28.​ Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter ____. A. something that would impress the employer B. the admiration for the job one applied for C. something that would inform the employer of his job history D. a personal opinion about how to improve the efficiency of a company 29.​ The emphasis on the job history is due to the fact that ____. A. university degrees are not important B. more and more job hunters have university degrees C. few employers are well-educated D. success depends more on experience 30.​ At a time in the past, job hunters were expected to ____. A. hand in a letter with all detailed information about themselves B. have an interview with an employer after passing a written exam C. demonstrate their writing ability only D. give detailed information later in an interview Passage 3 The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical-evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become ‘better’ people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go. But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out –often encouraged by college administrators. Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves –they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation of the students as a whole, and don't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We’ve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen –year –olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-olds, either. Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside-down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things-maybe it’s just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up. 31. According to the author ________. A. people used to question the value of college education B. people used to have full confidence in higher education C. all high school graduates went to college D. very few high school graduates chose to go to college 32. In the 2nd paragraph, ‘those who don’t fit the pattern’ refers to ________. A. high school graduates who aren’t suitable for college education B. college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis C. college students who aren’t any better for their higher education D. high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college 33. The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because _________. A. young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college B. many young people are required to join the army C. young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education D. young people don’t like the intense competition for admission to graduate school 34. According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _______. A. society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education C. too many students have to earn their own living D. college administrators encourage students to drop out 35. In this passage the author argues that __________. A. more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates B. college education is not enough if one wants to be successful C. college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning people D. intelligent people may learn quicker if they don’t go to college Passage 4 Why do some new products succeed, bringing millions of dollars to innovative companies, while others fail, often with great losses? The answer is not simple, and certainly we cannot say that “good” products succeed while “bad” products fail. Many products that function well and seem to meet consumer needs have fallen by the wayside. Sometimes, virtually identical products exist in the market at the same time with one emerging as profitable while the other fails. McNeal Laboratories’ Tylenol has become successful as an aspirin substitute, yet Bristol-Meyers entered the test market at about the same time with also a substitute for aspirin, which quickly failed. The nature of the product is a factor in its success or failure, but the important point is the consumer’s perception of the products need-satisfying capability. Any new product conception should be aimed at meeting a customer need, and the introductory promotion should seek to communicate that need satisfying quality and motivate the customer to try the product. Often, attitude change is involved, and, in the extreme, changes in life style may be sought. Here the company walks a tightrope. A new product is more likely to be successful if it represents truly novel way of solving a customer problem, but this very newness, if carried too far, may ask the customer to learn new behavior patterns. The customer will make the change if the perceived benefit is sufficient, but inertia is strong and consumers will often not go to the effort that is required. During the late sixties and early seventies Bristol-Meyers met with new product failures that exemplify both of these problems. In 1967 and 1968 the company entered the market with a $5 million advertising campaign for Fact toothpaste, and an $11 million campaign to promote Resolve. Both products failed quickly, not because they didn’t work or because there was no consumer need, but apparently because consumers just could see no reason to shift from an already satisfactory product to a different one that has no new benefit. 36. The first sentence of the first paragraph is a question, to which, the answer is ________. A. that the good products succeed while the bad fail B. that the “good” are not really good but the “bad” are actually bad C. that new products will succeed if they function well and fail if they don’t D. not given in the paragraph 37. The word “inertia” (Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means ________. A. demand B. dissatisfaction C. inactiveness D. reaction 38. The author emphasizes that the prospect of a product is determined by the consumer’s perception of the product’s ________. A. quality and price B. usefulness and durability C. need-satisfying capability D. appearance and inner packing 39. What does the author mean when he says “the company walks a tightrope” (line 1, Para.3)? A. The company has both the chance to succeed and to fail in dealing in a new product. B. The company has to study customer’s behavior before a new product is introduced. C. The company has to find a new way to solve customer’s problems D. The company has to make a great effort to overcome the customer’s resistance 40. Bristol-Meyers failed in promoting Fact toothpaste and Resolve because ________. A. these products were too expensive as compared with their direct competitors B. both products failed to meet the customers’ needs C. the customers could see no sense of a radical change of their habits D. the company forgot an English saying: “You cannot teach an old dog new tricks.” Part III. Cloze (1*20=20%) The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___41___ these wide modern Roads are generally ___42___ and well maintained with ___43___ sharp curves and many straight ___44___, a direct route is not always the most ___45___ one. Large highways often pass ___46___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally ___47___ large urban centres which means that they become crowded with ___48___ traffic during rush hours, ___49___ the “fast, direct” way becomes a very slow route. However, there is ___50___ always another route to take ___51___ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ___52___ new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___53___ heavily travelled road which go through the countryside. ___54___ of these are good two-lane (双车道) roads; others are uneven roads ___55___ through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___56___, or down frightening hillsides to towns ___57___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places ___58___ the air is clean and the scenery (风景) is beautiful, and the driver may have a ___59___ to get a fresh, clean ___60___ of the world. 41. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore 42. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated 43. A. little B. few C. much D. many 44. A. selections B. separations C. series D. sections 45. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable 46. A. to B. into C. over D. by 47. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate 48. A. large B. fast C. light D. heavy 49. A. when B. for C. but D. that 50. A. yet B. almost C. still D. quite 51. A. unless B. if C. as D. since 52. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably 53. A. and B. less C. more D. or 54. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some 55. A. driving B. crossing C. curving D. traveling 56. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths 57. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied 58. A. there B. when C. which D. where 59. A. space B. period C. chance D. spot 60. A. view B. variety C. visit D. virtue Part IV. Translation (2*10=20%) A Chinese to English 姓名作为一种文化符号往往标志着社会结构中一种血缘关系，他所包含的内涵是非常复杂丰富的，作为一种 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 文化，它具有综合性的文化特征．由于民族、语言、宗教信仰等因素的不同，哥哥国家和民族的姓名制度是多种多样的。 B English to Chinese Last year Americans spent 2.3 trillion minutes chatting on cellphones, according to the US wireless trade association CTIA -- a ninefold increase since 2000. Worldwide, there are about 4.6 billion cellphone subscribers, according to the International Telecommunications Union, a U.N. agency. T