21世纪大学实用英语综合教程第二册Unit1

PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT#授课单元本（章）节授课方式21世纪大学实用 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 综合教程第二册Unit1课堂讲授（V）实践课（）教学时数6授课要占八、、本（早）节教学目标教学重占八、、和难占八、、思考题或作业Afterstudyingthisunit,thestudentsareexpectedtomasterthebasicIanguageandskillsnecessarytoaskforandgiveclarification;understandthemainideasofTextA,TextBandTextC,andmastertheusefulsentencestructuresandwordsandexpressionsfoundintheexercisesrelevanttothefirsttwotexts;knowhowtowritealetterofinvitation;knowhowtouseV+V-ing;guessthemeaningofunknownwordsincontext.Teachingfocus:MasterthebasicIanguageandskillsnecessarytomakerequestsExplainsomeIanguagepointstotheSs.ExplainsomegrammarpointstotheSs.Teachingdifficulties:HowtoimproveSs'speakingability.HowtoimproveSs'listeningability.Reviewthekeyexpressionsfromthepreviouslesson.ReadTextBofthisunit,anddeepentheunderstandingofthethemeinthisunit.-Sharereflectionsonthisthemeinclass.Reviewthenewwordsandphrasesofthistext.Trytousethemindailylife.Finishthereadingandlisteningtasksofthisunit.教学内容与组织安排1stperiodTextA(GlobalReading)2ndperiodTextA(DetailedReading)3rdperiodGrammarReview4thperiodPracticalWriting5thperiodTextB6thperiodImproveYourReadingSkills1stperiodTextA(GlobalReading)1BackgroundInformationEnglishLanguageTheEnglishIanguageisthemostwidelyspokenIanguageintheworld.ItisusedaseitheraprimaryorsecondaryIanguageinmanycountries.Duringthe1500s,fewerthan2millionpeoplespokeEnglish.AllofthemlivedinwhatisnowGreatBritain.Throughthecenturies,astheresultofvarioushistoricalevents,Englishspreadthroughouttheworld.Today,about400millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheirnativeIanguage.MostofthemliveinAustralia,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,NewZealand,SouthAfrica,andtheUnitedStates.Another100millionpeoplelivingchieflyinBangladesh,India,Pakistan,andinmanyAfricancountriesspeakEnglishinadditiontotheirownIanguage.Anadditional200millionpeopleprobablyknowatleastsomeEnglish.(Fromthe1998WorldBookMultimediaEncyclopedia)CharacteristicsofEnglishVocabulary.EnglishhasalargervocabularythananyotherIanguage.Therearemorethan600,000wordsinthelargestdictionariesoftheEnglishIanguage.SomeEnglishwordshavebeenpassedonfromgenerationtogenerationasfarbackasscholarscantrace.Thesewords,suchaswoman,man,sun,hand,love,go,andeat,expressbasicideasandfeelings.Later,manywordswereborrowedfromotherIanguages,includingArabic,French,German,Greek,Italian,Latin,Russian,andSpanish.Forexample,algebraisfromArabic,fashionfromFrench,pianofromItalian,andcanyonfromSpanish.Anumberofwords,suchasdoghouseandsplashdown,wereformedbycombiningotherwords.Newwordswerealsocreatedbyblendingwords.Forexample,motorandhotelwereblendedintomotel.Wordscanbeshortenedtoformnewwords,aswasdonewithhistorytoformstory.Wordscalledacronymsareformedbyusingthefirstletterorlettersofseveralwords.Thewordradarisanacronymforradiodetectionandranging.PronunciationandspellinginEnglishsometimesseemillogicalorinconsistent.Manywordsarespelledsimilarlythoughpronounceddifferently.Examplesincludecough,though,andthrough.Otherwords,suchasblue,crew,to,too,andshoe,havesimilarpronunciationsbutarespelleddifferently.ManyofthesevariationsshowchangesthatoccurredduringthedevelopmentofEnglish.Thespellingofsomewordsremainedthesamethroughthecenturies,thoughtheirpronunciationchanged.Grammaristhesetofprinciplesusedtocreatesentences.Theseprinciplesdefinetheelementsusedtoassemblesentencesandtherelationshipsbetweentheelements.Theelementsincludepartsofspeechandinflections.PartsofspeecharethewordcategoriesoftheEnglishIanguage.Scholarsdonotallagreeonhowtodescribethepartsofspeech.Thetraditionaldescriptionlistseightclasses:nouns,pronouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,andinterjections.Themostimportantrelationshipsofthepartsofspeechincludesubjectandverb,verbandpredicate,andmodifierandthewordmodified.EnglishhasfewerinflectionsthanmostotherEuropeanIanguages.AnEnglishnounhasonlytwoinflections,thepluralandthepossessive.Inflectionsareusedtochangethetenseandnumberofaverborthecaseofapronoun.Inflectionscanchangeadjectivestothecomparativeorthesuperlative—forexample,big,bigger,biggest.AmericanEnglishAmericanEnglishisavarietyoftheEnglishIanguagespokenintheUnitedStates.AlthoughallAmericansdonotspeakthesameway,theirspeechhasenoughincommonthatAmericanEnglishcanberecognizedasavarietyofEnglishdistinetfromBritishEnglish,AustralianEnglish,andothernationalvarieties.AmericanEnglishhasgrownupwiththecountry.ItbegantodivergefromBritishEnglishduringitscolonialbeginningsandacquiredregionaldifferencesandethnicflavorduringthesettlementofthecontinent.TodayitinfluencesotherIanguagesandothervarietiesofEnglishbecauseitisthemediumbywhichtheattractionsofAmericanculture—itsliterature,motionpictures,andtelevisionprograms—aretransmittedtotheworld.CharacteristicsofAmericanEnglishPronunciationInbroadterms,CanadianandAmericanspeakerstendtosoundlikeoneanother.TheyalsotendtosounddifferentfromalargegroupofEnglishspeakerswhosoundmoreBritish,suchasthoseinAustralia,NewZealand,andSouthAfrica.Forexample,mostCanadiansandAmericanspronounceanrsoundafterthevowelinwordslikebarn,car,andfarther,whilespeakersfromtheBritishEnglishgroupdonot.Also,someBritishEnglishspeakersdrophsoundsatthebeginningofwords,sothatheandhisarepronouncedasiftheywerespelledeeandis.TheEnglishspokeninAustralia,NewZealand,andSouthAfricasoundsmorelikeBritishEnglishthanAmericanEnglishdoesbecausethesevarietieshavehadlesstimetodivergefromBritishEnglish.TheprocessofseparatedevelopmentbeganlaterinthesecountriesthaninNorthAmerica.InsomecasestherearedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishintherhythmofwords.Britishspeakersseemtoleaveoutasyllableinwordslikesecretary,asifitwerespelledsecretry,whileAmericanskeepallthesyllables.Theoppositeistrueofotherwords,suchasspecialty,whichAmericanspronouncewiththreesyllables(spe-cial-ty)whileBritishspeakerspronounceitwithfivesyllables(spe-ci-al-i-ty).Vowelsandconsonantsmayalsohavedifferentpronunciations.BritishspeakerspronouncezebratorhymewithDebra,whileAmericanspeakersmakezebrarhymewithLibra.CanadianandBritishspeakerspronouncethewordscheduleasifitbeganwithanshsound,whileAmericanspronounceitasifitbeganwithansksound.WordsThemostfrequentlyusedwordsaresharedbyspeakersofdifferentvarietiesofEnglish.Thesewordsincludethemostcommonnouns,themostcommonverbs,andmostfunctionwords(suchaspronouns,articles,andprepositions).ThedifferentvarietiesofEnglishdo,however,usedifferentwordsformanywordsthatareslightlylesscommon—forexample,BritishcrispsforAmericanpotatochips,AustralianbillabongforAmericanpond,andCanadianchesterfieldforAmericansofa.ItisevenmorecommonforthesamewordtoexistwithdifferentmeaningsindifferentvarietiesofEnglish.CornisageneralterminBritain,forwhichAmericansusegrain,whilecorninAmericanEnglishisaspecifickindofgrain.ThewordpondinBritishEnglishusuallyreferstoanartificialbodyofwater,whereaspondsalsooccurnaturallyinNorthAmerica.BritishEnglishchemististhesameasAmericanEnglishdrugstore,andinCanadapeoplegotothedruggist.ManyofthewordsmosteasilyrecognizedasAmericaninoriginareassociatedwithaspectsofAmericanpopularculture,suchasgangsterorcowboy.SpellingAmericanEnglishspellingdiffersfromBritishEnglishspellinglargelybecauseofoneman,AmericanlexicographerNoahWebster.Inadditiontohiswell-knownAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1828),WebsterpublishedTheAmericanSpellingBook(1783,withmanysubsequenteditions),whichbecameoneofthemostwidelyusedschoolbooksinAmericanhistory.Webster'sbookssoughttostandardizespellingintheUnitedStatesbypromotingtheuseofanAmericanlanguagethatintentionallydifferedfromBritishEnglish.ThedevelopmentofaspecificallyAmericanvarietyofEnglishmirroredthenewcountry'sseparatepoliticaldevelopment.Webster'smostsuccessfulchangeswerespellingswithorinsteadofour(honor,laborfortheBritishhonour,labour);witherinsteadofre(center,theaterfortheBritishcentre,theatre);withansinsteadofac(defense,licensefortheBritishdefence,licence);withafinalckinsteadofque(check,maskfortheBritishcheque,masque);andwithoutafinalk(traffic,public,nowalsousedinBritishEnglish,fortheoldertraffick,publick).Laterspellingreformcreatedafewotherdifferences,suchasprogramforBritishprogramme.CanadianspellingvariesbetweentheBritishandAmericanforms,moreBritishineasternCanadaandmoreAmericaninwesternCanada.2.GroupDiscussionHaveyoueverhadanexperienceinwhichyouaremisunderstoodorhavefailedtounderstandothers?Misunderstandingscanresultfromthespokenformorwrittenformofthelanguagethatyouuse.2ndperiodTextA(DetailedReading)WordsandExpressions&DifficultSentencesmisunderstanding:n.(anexampleof)wrongunderstanding误解，误会e.g.HerpoorFrenchoftenleadstomisunderstandingswhenshevisitsFrance.misunderstand:vt.understandwrongly误解e.g.I'msorry,Imisunderstoodyou.ItseemsthatyouhavemisunderstoodwhatIsaidatthemeeting.geton:board(abus,atrain,etc登上(公共汽车、火车等)e.g.WhenIgotonthebus,Ifoundalltheseatswereoccupied.Theyfeltworriedwhentheyrealizedthattheyhadgotonthewrongtrain.headfor:gotowards向…走去；朝…行进e.g.TheshipwasheadingforBritain.Heheadedforthebusstop.…hecouldridetoNewYorkwithoutpaying.介词without解释为“不、未”，其后跟动词时，须用V-ing形式。e.g.Tomwastalkingtohisgirlfriendwithoutlookingather.Heunderstoodthemeaningofthewordwithoutlookingitupinadictionary.Themessagewaspassedfrompersontoperson.这口信通过一个又一个的乘客传下去。注意本句中from…to…这一结构中的名词前没有冠词。e.g.Shewentfromhousetohouseaskingifanyonehadseenthechild.Theyworkhardfrommorningtonight.bythetime:到…时候e.g.Thephonewasringingbutbythetimeshegotindoors,ithadstopped.not…but…这一结构常常用来连接两个单词、词组或句子，表示“并非…而是…”的意思。e.g.Theanimalyousawinthisareawasnotarabbit,butawildcat.Theseyoungstersaremotivatednotbyadesireforsuccess,butbyfearoffailure.pullover:driveavehicletotheroadside把车开到路边e.g.Thepolicemanaskedthedrivertopullover.getoff:leave(abus,atrain,aplane,etc.)下(公共汽车、火车、飞机等)e.g.Tomwasseentogetoffthebusneartherailwaystation.WhenIgotoffthetrainatthecityonthecoast,Icouldsmellthesea.SecondPeriodtakeoff:n.thebeginningofflight,whenaplane,spacecraft,etc.risesfromtheground(飞机的)起飞；(航空器的)升空e.g.Theplanecrashedfiveminutesaftertakeoff.Hethoughtheheardhisflightannounced.他以为听到广播中宣布了他的航班。句中announeed是宾语补足语。uncommon:a.rareorunusual罕见的；不平常的；异乎寻常的e.g.20yearsago,supermarketswereuneommoninChina.common/:a.foundorhappeningoftenandinmanyplaces;usua常见的；普通的；通常的JonesisaverycommonnameinBritain.wonder:v.expressawishtoknowsth.,silentlyorinwords对…感至U疑惑；想知道e.g.Iwaswonderingifyouarefreeforlunch.Iwonderedwhathiswordsmeant.intheworld:usedforemphasisafterwordsthataskquestions,aswho,why,what,etc.(用于疑问词who,why,what等后以加强语气)究竟，至底e.g.Whatintheworldishedoing?WhereintheworldwereyouwhenIwasinneedofyourhelp?beontime:benotlate准时e.g.TheLondontrainwasontime,butIdidn'tseemyChinesefriend.Don'tworry,she'llbeontime.Youwere15minuteslate.你迟至了15分钟。英语中表示时间、距离时，常将具体的数字放在形容词late,long等前面。e.g.Thebuswastenminutesearly.Thebridgeis140feetlong.Duringthestorm,therewerewavesofupto30metershighoffthecoast.insteadof:inplaceof代替；而不是e.g.CanIhaveteainsteadofcoffee?Let'splaycardsinsteadofwatchingtelevision.Ifyouwanttohaveyourmealatseveno'clockinsteadoffiveo'clock,youcan.feellike:havethefeelingofbeing;haveawishfor,want有…的感觉；想要e.g.Whenmybestfriendleftmealoneinthestreet,Ifeltlikeahurtanimal.Doyoufeellikeanotherdrink?allright:goodenough,satisfactorybutnotverygood;ingoodhealthorspirits;well令人满意的；不错的；健康良好的；健康的e.g.“Whahefoodlikeinthisrestaurant?all”ght.“ItKatelooksreallyunhappy.You'dettermakesureshe'allright.Areyoufeelingallrightnow?3rdperiodGrammarReview动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式由动词原形+-ing构成。它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独构成谓语。1.作主语MakinghistoryinmyfamilyisyetanotherimportantthingIhopetogainfrommycollegeeducation.在我的家庭中创造历史是我希望从大学教育中得到的又一样重要的东西。Takinqalookbackhasmotivatedmetoreachfarther.回顾过去激励着我走得更远。2.作动词、介词和短语动词的宾语Hethoughtthatifhehidintherestroom,hecouldridetoNewYorkwithoutpaying.他想如果他躲在洗手间里，便可以不付钱就乘车去纽约。Hetookupsingingrecently.他最近对唱歌发生了兴趣。3.作表语ItisfittingthatJanuary4,Louis'bsrthday,isconsideredBrailleDay,inhonoroftheblind.把路易的生日1月4日定为向盲人表示敬意的布拉耶日是非常恰当的。Myjobistrainingnewworkers.我的工作是 培训 焊锡培训资料ppt免费下载焊接培训教程 ppt 下载特设培训下载班长管理培训下载培训时间表下载 新工人。4.作宾语补语Inoticedtheyoungporterofasleepingcarwhisperingtotheconductorandnoddingtowardme.我注意到一个年轻的卧车行李搬运员正在跟列车员窃窃私语，并朝着我点头。Canyougetthecargoing?你能开动这辆车吗？5.作定语。动词-ing形式单I'vetriedeverywaytocomfortthcryinggirl.独作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前，动词-ing短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后我已经想尽了各种办法来安慰那个哭哭啼啼的女孩。EverydaypeoplespeakingEnglishaskoneanotherquestionslikethese:“Didyousayseventyorseventeen?”每天讲英语的人会相互问这样的问题：“你是说七十还是十七呢？”。6.作状语，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件和结果等Sheanswered,wonderingwhatintheworldhemeant.她回答道，却不明白他的话究竟是什么意思。Thebrotherssateyeingeachotheroverthetopsofthemoneybags.两兄弟坐在那儿，目光越过钱袋顶看着对方.4thperiodPracticalWritingLettersofInvitationDoyouhaveanengagement,wedding,orgraduationcomingup?Isthereaperformanee,schoolevent,ormeetingtowhichyouwanttoinvitepeople?Doyouwanttoinvitesomeonetospeakatyourmeetingorconference?Whateveryoureventis,thefollowingwillhelpyouwriteaneffectiveinvitation.Guidelinesforwritinginvitations:Statetheoccasion,date,time,andplace.Includeaddressesandamapifnecessary.Mentionifrefreshmentswillbeserved.Listanychargesthatmayapply.IncludeatelephonenumberforRSVPs.Ifthereisadresscode,statethepreferreddressinthelowerleft-handcornerofthecard.Ifyouneedaresponse,includeaself-addressed,stampedreplycardorenvelopewithyourinvitation.ll)exceptfExpressthatyouarelookingforwardtoseeingtheperson.Donotuseabbreviationsanddonotusecontractions(don't;wenametitles,suchasMr.,Mrs.,etc.Ifdinnerwillbeserved,statetwoseparatetimes:thetimepeoplecanstartarrivingandthetimedinnerwillbeserved.Ifyoudonotwantgifts,brieflystatethatgiftsarenotdesiredorneeded.Explainthatyourguestspreseneeistheonlygiftyouneed.Makesureyousendoutyourinvitationswithampleadvaneenotice.Ifyouhaveguestscomingfromoutoftownorfromothercountries,youmaywanttosendoutyourinvitationseveralmonthsinadvance(especiallyifyoureventtakesplacearoundaholiday).Thiswillallowyourguestsadequatetimetomakepreparations,reservations,savemoney,etc.Forsmaller,lessformaleventsthatineludelocalguestsorguestsfromnearbyareas,youmayonlyneedtoprovideafewweeks'notice.Ifyouareinvitingsomeonetospeakataconference,yourinvitationshouldincludethefollowinginformation:Nameoftheconferenceandthesponsoringorganization;Date,time,placeoftheconferenceandspeech;Typeofaudienee;Typeofspeech,topic,andhowlongthespeechshouldbe;Anyaccommodationsthatwillbemade,includinglodging,meals,andtransportation;Nameofthecontactpersonalongwithphonenumbersandaddresseswherethatpersoncanbecontacted;andFinally,articulateyourpleasureathavingthepersonspeakatthemeetingorconference.UsefulExpressions:Howtostartyourletter:Youareinvitedtoattendourcompany'sannoplenhouse.WeinviteyoutojoinusinthankingDavidShawforhis25yearsofleadership.Itwouldbeagreatpleasuretomeetyouon(date)at/inthe(place).(company)invitesyoutoanexclusiveshowingofitslatestcomputingandtelecommunicationsproducts.Wouldyoubeinterestedinsharingyourexperieneewiththemembersofourassociationattheirmonthlydinnermeeting?Howtoofferdetailsaboutyourarrangements:Wearegivingaluncheonat(place)at(time)on(date)tointroduce.ThecompanywillhostacelebrationinhonorofDavid'sretirementatLegalTech,onJune27,from4:00to7:00p.m.Refreshmentswillbeservedfromp.m.top.m.Thepresentationwilltakeplaceat(place)at(time)on(date).Howtoendyourletter:Wearesureyouwillfindthepresentationinteresting.Wehopeyouwillbeabletoattend.Wearealllookingforwardtohearingyourviews.Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyou.Justcallourofficeat98-8899andwewillbegladtoreserveaplaceforyou.Pleaseletmeknowassoonaspossible.DearMr.Smith,WetakegreatpleasureininvitingyoutoattendareceptiongiveninhonorofMr.DavidBrown,ontheoccasionofhisretirementfromMcMillanInvestmentCompany.ThereceptionwillbeheldattheGrandHall,onWednesday.May12,2004.OurdepartmentwillbepresentingMr.DavidBrownwithagiftatthattime.Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyou.Yourssincerely,JenniferLewisYouaregoingtoholdagraduationpartyatyourhouseonSunday,June27.Thepartywillstartafteryourgraduationceremony,atabout4:00p.m.Writeaninvitationlettertoyourfriends.5thperiodTextBAnswerthefollowingquestions.HowmanygroupsofinterestingEnglishwordshasthewritertalkedaboutinthetext?1.HowmanygroupsofinterestingEnglishwordshasthewritertalkedaboutinthetext?Whatkindofwordsarethosethataretalkedaboutinthefirstgroup?Whatisthemaindiffereneeinthepronunciationofthewordsgiveninthesecondgroup?Canyougivesomewordsthatarespelledthesameandpronouncedthesamebuthavedifferentmeanings?Giveatleasttwopairsofsuchwords.Howmanywaysaretheretopronounce“ough”inEnglish?Whatarethey?Whydoesthewritersaythatwordssuchas“eggplant,”agrapefruit,”etc.msenseatall?WhatdoesthewriterthinkofthedifferencebetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish?Whoisthenexttolastparagraphspokentoandwhereisitspoken?WhatistheconfusionthattheforeignexchangestudentmayhavewhenhehearsthewordsuponhisarrivalathisnewhomeinNewYorkCity?LanguagePointsidPAGE\*MERGEFORMAT#mystery:n.sth.whichcannotbeexplainedorunderstood神秘的事物，不可思议的事物，难以理解的事物，谜e.g.Shebelievesthatlifeisfullofmysteries.Hisfindingswillhelptorevealmanymysteriesofthesea.takealook:看一看e.g.Thereissomethingwrongwithmycar.Canyoutakealookatit?Ihaveaspecialinterestinoldhouses.DoyoumindifItakealookaround?meaning:n.whatsth.expressesorrepresen意义，意思；含义e.g.ThisexpressionhastwoverydifferentmeaningsinEnglish.stare:v.looksteadilyforalongtimee.g.Don'tstareatotherpeople---itisimpolite.Shewasstaringintothefirethinkingaboutherownfuture.object:v.beagainstsb.orsth.;feelorshowoppositionordisapproval反对，不赞成e.g.Tomobjectedtotheplanbecausehethoughtitwouldbetooexpensive.Iobjecttohergoingalone.n.thingthatcanbeseenorfelt;aim物体，实物；目的，目标e.g.Intheirbeautifulbedroom,thechildrenaresurroundedbyfamiliarobjects.Hemadeithisobjectinlifetobeagooddoctor.estimatev.judgeorcalculatethenature,value,size,amount,etc.of(sth.),esp.roughly;formanopinionabout估计；估价；判断e.g.Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.Weestimatethatover75%ofourcustomersarewomen.n.calculationorjudgmentofthenature,value,size,amount,etc.ofst估计e.g.Myestimateofhisabilitieswaswrong.dove:n.鸽子dive的过去式dive:(divedordove)v.jumpheadfirstintowater;gounderthesurfaceofwater;godownquickly(头朝下)跳水；潜水；俯冲e.g.Markdivedoffthebridgeintotheriver.Theplanedivedtowardsthegroundandexplodedimmediately.convict:vt.declarethat(sb.)isguiltyofacrimeafteratrialinacourt宣判(某人)有罪e.g.Thetwomenwereconvictedofmurder.Thejudgefoundthattherewasnotenoughevidencetoconvicthim.n.personwhohasbeendeclaredguiltyofacrimeandsenttopriso已决犯；囚犯e.g.Thesearchfortheescapedconvictwentonfordays.getsth.right:dosth.correctly;understandsth.clearly,withouterro做对某事；正确理解某事；把某事弄得正确无误e.g.Igotmostofthequestionsright.Makesureyougetpeople'snamesrightwhenyou'resendingouttheinvitations.board1.n.alongthinflatpieceofcutwood;planke.g.Thewallsoftheirroomweremadeupofseveralboardsonly.2.v.getonto(aship)orinto(apublicvehicle)上(船、火车、公共汽车)e.g.At7:30IboardedthetrainforNewYork.Beforeboardingtheplane,Jennytriedoncemoretocallhome.shoovt.driveaway(asif)bysaying“shoo”用“嘘”声赶走e.g.Ishooedhimoutoftheroom.bugn.anysmallinsect虫子vt.[sl]annoy;irritate[俚]烦扰；使恼怒e.g.I'vehadthatdiseasemaanrsy,yitereallybugsme.What'sbuggingyou,Kenny?border1.vt.formaborderto;haveacommonborderwith形成…的边界，毗邻；与…接壤e.g.ShanghaiborderstheEastChinaSea.Tenyearsagointhisplacetherewasagardenthatborderedtheriver.2.n.thedividinglinebetweentwocountriesedge;partneartheedgeofsth.国界；边境;边缘，边Howabout…?usedtoaskaquestionthatdirectsattentiontoanotherpersonorthing……怎么样？(用于讲另一个人或事物时)e.g.I'mfeelinghunHgroyw.aboutyou?usedtomakeasuggestion女M可?••••(用于提出建议)e.g.Howaboutsomenoodlesforlunch?Howaboutgoingtothebeachthisafternoon?atleast:notlessthan;ifnothingelseistrue;atanyrate至少；反正；无论如何e.g.Atleastsevenstudentswereinjuredintheaccident.besideoneself:havinglostone'self-controlbecauseoftheintensityoftheemotiononeisfeeling(因过于激动)失去自制力；神志失常；发狂e.g.Whenheheardthegoodnews,hewasbesidehimselfwithhappiness.WhenTomlosthisjob,hewasbesidehimselfwithanger.That'sallthereisto就是这样，就是这么一回事e.g.Whenapersondies,heloseseverything.That'sallthereistoit.likeafishoutofwater:(feeling)awkwardoruncomfortable,becauseoneisinstrange,unsuitablesurroundings如鱼离水；感到生疏(或不自在)e.g.Mylittlebrotherfeltlikeafishoutofwaterinhisnewschool.Ialwaysfeellikeafishoutofwateramongthesehighsocietypeople.onpinsandneedles:worried;nervous如坐针毡的；坐立不安的；急得要死的e.g.IwasonpinsandneedlesuntilIfoundouIt'wdon.We'reonpinsandneedleswaitingtohearwhethershegotthejob.orsomething:orathinglikethat诸如此类的什么e.g.Didshehaveanaccidentorsomethingonherwaybackhomeyesterday?Maybewecangotothemovieso