学年论文《恋爱中的女人》

AnalysisofCausesforGudrun’sLoveTragedy院系：云南大学滇池学院外语系学科、专业：英语语言文学2015年9月1日AbstractThisthesisisbasedonthestudyofWomeninlove.Womeninloverevolvesaroundtheemotionalentanglementsoftwolovers:UrsulaandBirkinovercomethedifferencesandmakeacompromiseforlove;ButGudrunandGerald’srelationshipisintheconditionofruinforthedifferenceoftheconceptandnumerousconflicts.Inthispaper,IwillresearchthecauseswhichleadtoGudrun’slovetragedy.AndIwillusemethodsofempiricalresearchandtheoreticalanalysistoprovethem.Gudrun’slovetragedyisledbyexternalfactorssuchasthepatriarchalsociety,theIndustrialRevolutionandGerald.Atthesametime,itisalsoinfluencedbyherinternalfactorsliketheindependentpersonalityandthefeministtendency.Inconclusion,socialbackgrounds,GeraldandGudrun’sownpersonalityaremajorcausesthatgiverisetoherlovetragedy.Keywords:Gudrun;lovetragedy;causes;socialbackground;Gerald;personality摘要本文的研究是基于《恋爱中的女人》。《恋爱中的女人》围绕两对恋人的情感纠葛展开：欧秀拉伯基怀着对生命的热爱，冲破重重阻隔，有情人终成眷属；而古德伦和杰拉德则由于双方观念上的巨大差异，经历了无数次冲突后最终关系破裂。本文研究的主题是分析造成古德伦爱情悲剧的原因。我将采用实证研究和理论分析的论证方法去论证它。古德伦爱情悲剧的产生是外部因素的作用,例如：父权社会，女权运动以及杰拉德。与此同时，也受到她自身独立的性格和女性主义倾向等内部因素的影响。总之，社会背景，杰拉德和自身性格是最终导致古德伦爱情悲剧的主要原因。关键词：古德兰；爱情悲剧；原因；社会背景；杰拉德；性格IntroductionWomeninLoveisanovelbyBritishauthorD.H.Lawrence.ItisregardedasoneofthemostrepresentativeandgreatestnovelsofLawrence’sworks.Itfirstlyexploresthepsychologicalissuesrelatedtolovewithunprecedentedpassionanddepth.Consequently,itrepresentsthehighestachievementofLawrence’sworks.womeninlovetellsabouttheloveaffairsoftwosistersUrsulaandGudrunwholiveinasmalltown.Theyarebothmodernwomen,buttheresultoftheirloveaffairsistotallydifferent.UrsulagetsmarriedwithBirkinwhiletherelationshipbetweenGudrunandGeraldisontherocks.TherearesomanyreasonsleadingtoGudrun’slovetragedy.Underthebackgroundofpatriarchalsocietyandthefeminismmovement,Gudrun’slovetragedymusttakeplace.Besides,Geraldisatypicalrepresentativeofpatriarchyinthepatriarchalsociety,whileGudrunhasastrongfeministtendency.TheyhaveanirreconcilableconflictattheconsciouslevelsothatGeraldcan’tbetherightmanforGudrun.Finally,themultifacetedcharacterofGudrunplaysthemostimportantroletoherlovetragedy.Inbrief,thesocialbackgrounds,GeraldandGudrun’sownpersonalityallmakeagreatdifferencetoherlovetragedy.PartⅠAnalysisofthesocialbackgroundThesocialbackgroundslikepatriarchalsocietyandthefeminismmovementhaveanimportantinfluenceonGudrun’slovetragedy.1.1PatriarchalsocietyOnonehand,theindependentpersonalityofGudrunisnotacceptedbypatriarchalsociety.Shelivesinapatriarchalsocietythatthedestinyofwomenisdecidedbythemen.Womenareshortofeconomicindependencesothattheeconomicbasisforequalityisabsent.Thevalueofwomenistoactasamotherorwifeintheirfamilies.Womenareusedtobecontrolledbymenandtheirmindwillgraduallybeinastateofblank.However,Gudrunistotallydifferentfromthosehousewives.Sheownsindependentcharacter,richexperienceandcalmattitudewhichmakeherspecialamongthosewomen.Firstly,heroutfitalwaysmakesherapartfromthoseordinarywomen.Secondly,althoughGudrunwasbornpoor,shenevergoesaftermoneyandpowerbygettingmarriedwitharichman.Onthecontrary,shehasdeeploveforartespeciallypaintingandstickstoself-reliance.WhenshemeetsGeraldforthefirsttime,sheisjustattractedbyGerald’spersonalglamourwithoutcaringabouthiswealth.Thirdly,shegetslovefromGeraldwithherpersonalcharisma.Nevertheless,shegivesupmarriageandchoosesawanderinglifeasanartistwhensherecognizesafactthatGeraldisnottherightmanforher.Sheistooincompatibletobetoleratedbythaterabecausesherefusestobecontrolledbyman.Shewillnotbeallowedtoseekalovewithoutmarriageandthateracan’tgivealovethatshewants.Therefore,herloveisdoomedtobeatragedy.1.2FeminismmovementWomeninlovewaswrittenin1916whichwitnessedthefeministmovement.Intheearly20thcentury,Britishwomenliftedthefirstwaveofthefeminismmovementforrightsofvoting,employmentandeducation.Theystruggledforthoserightswithdemonstrationsandassemblies.Intheend,theirbehaviorshadcausedgreatrepercussionsinsocietyandwoman'sstatuswasimproved.Theeconomicindependentofwomenmakesthembeindependentinmind.Gudrunisatypicalrepresentativeoffeministmovement.Firstly,sheisengagedintheartteacher'sprofessionalandshedon'tneedtobeattachedtotheman.SoshepaysnoattentiontothewealthofGerald.Secondly,sheobviouslyseeksafteraequalandfreerelationshipbecauseofhergoodeducation.ItisabletounderstandwhytherearesomanyconflictsbetweenGudrunandGerald.BecauseshewouldnotgiveintoGerald’swill.Thirdly,GudrunhasalongviewforlifewiththosecolorfulexperiencesinLondon.Shegoesaftersomethingnewandhatesthecommonplacelifeatthatdirtytown.ThefourholidayinAlps,GudrunevenbeginsanintensefriendshipwithLoerke,aphysicallypunybutemotionallycommandingartistfromDresden.Asaresult,therelationshipbetweenGudrunandGeraldbreaksdownbecauseGeraldcan’tcreatesurpriseconstantly.PartⅡAnalysisoftheinfluencesofGeraldtoGudrun’slovetragedyGeraldplaysasignificantroleinGudrun’slovetragedybecauseofhisindifferentattitudetolove,patriarchalthoughtsandliestolove.2.1TheindifferentattitudetoloveGeraldistheproductoftheindustrialrevolutionandtheembodimentofmodernmechanicalcivilization,soheisruthlesstolove.Highlydevelopedindustrialsocietymakespeopledependmoreandmoreonreason,willandintelligencetogainsuccess.Geraldthinksthattheonlypurposetoliveistoworkandcoalminersarejusttheinstrumentstohelphimtoachievegoals.Healwaysregardsthoseworkersaspartsofmachineandignorestheirpainsoremotions.Heonlyseeksmechanicalcivilizationandignoresnature.Therefore,hewillnotknowthereasonforeverwhyGudrunissoexcitedtocrywhenshelooksatthesnow.Moreover,heevenasksGuderunwithscorn,“Isdawnsoimportant?”However,Gudrundoesn’tgiveanyrepliestoGeraldabouthisridiculousdoubts.Sheswimsinthewateranddancesintheforestwhichcanexpressherdeeplovetonature.ApersonlikeGeraldwhocan’tappreciatethebeautyofnaturecan’ttrulyunderstandawomen.Therefore,thelovebasedoncontraryspiritualpursuitcannotlastforalongtime.2.2PatriarchalthoughtsGeraldhasobviouspatriarchalthoughtsandhasastrongcontroltolove.Hehasasameattitudetowardsworkandlovethateverythingshouldbecontrolledbyhim.WhenhemeetsGudrunatthefirsttime,hevaingloriouslythinksthatGudrunisconqueredbyhisglamour.InordertoshowhiscontrolinfrontofGudrun,hecruellysticksthespurintothebellyofhorsetocalmitdown.HealwayshasastrongcontroltoloveandhewantstocontrolGudrun.Itisjustadesiretocontrolbutnotlove.However,Gudrunisnottheanimalbuthasherownindependentthoughtssothatshecannotbecontrolledeasily.Gudrunalwaysdarestochallengetheauthorityofpaternityandfightsforfreedomofwomen.Gudrunevensaidtohim,"Ican’tgiveyouthehappinessandyoumustgetitbyyourself."Hence,theirrelationshipendsbecauseoftheirreconcilablecontradictions.2.3ThelietoloveGeralddoesn’tloveGudrunandsheisjustacompanionwhenhefeelslonely.AlthoughGeraldissuccessfulinhiscareer,heisshortofcomfortsinspirit.Themoresuccessfulhiscareeris,themoreemptyhewouldfeel.Hebecomesahollowmanbecausehedoesn’thaveafaith.Underthiscircumstance,heneedssomeonetosharethefierceloneliness.GudrunisjustoneofthosemistressesofGeraldandsheisnotspecialforhim.GeraldonlyneedafeelingoffreshnessandhechoosesGudrun.Besides,hisfeelingsforGudrunaredrivenbylust.Inotherwords,oncethefireofdesiredisappears,hislovewillnolongerexist.GudrunissocleverthatshemusthaverecognizedthatthereisnotruelovebetweenherandGerald.Therefore,sheeventuallychoosestoleave.PartⅢAnalysisoftheinfluencesofGudrun’spersonalitytoherlovetragedyGudrun’slovetragedyismostlydecidedbyherownfactorssuchasherfeministtendency,contradictorycharacter,extremepersonalityandthepursuitforfreedom.3.1Gudrun’sfeministtendencyGudrunhasanobviousfeministtendencyandshealwayschallengestheauthorityofpaternity.SinceGudrunisatypicalrepresentativeofmodernwomen,shecertainlylookslikeadistinctivewomanamongthosetraditionalwomen.Infact,thewaysshedoesthingsareindeedcharacteristic.Shealwaysdressedherselfincolorfulandstrangestyleinallpublicplaces.Shesupportstheideathatitisstupidthatwomenshouldplayuptoman’sappreciationofthebeauty.ThereisaimpressedsceneinthebookthatGudrundancesinfrontofagroupofcattle.Infact,Gudrunisafraidofcattle,butsheisfilledwithastrangepassionatthattimeandshewantstoscarecattleviaastrangeway―dancing.ThecattlebelongstoGeraldanditisasymbolofhispower.Therefore,Gudrun’sbehavioractuallygivesaresponsetoGerald’schallenge.Besides,GudrunnevercomestotermswithGeraldwhentheyholddifferentopinions.TheseperformancesallexpressafactthatGudrunisnotwillingtobecontrolledbymanandsheevendearstochallengetheauthorityofman.Therefore,herbehaviorsactuallyhaveaobviousfeministcolor.Forthisreason,shemustnotmakeacompromiseinlovebystandingthepatriarchy.3.2Gudrun’scontradictorycharacterGudrunownsacontradictorycharacterwhichmakesdifferencetoherfailinglove.Sheenviesthemalesuperiority,atthesametime,shealsohatestheauthorityofman.Gudrungrowsupinapatriarchalsocietyanditishardforhertoavoidadmiringthesuperiorityofman.WhenshemeetsGeraldforthefirsttime,sheistotallyattractedbyhismanlinessandsheevenregardshimasawolf.Obviously,GudrunhasfoundGerald’sinnermostwildnatureandhisstrongdesiretoconquerothersundertheface,butshealsogetsclosetohimwithoutanyhesitation.However,itisridiculousforGudruntoaccepttheabsolutesuperiorityofmanandrelyonman.Next,whenshegetsalongwithGerald,theseriouspatriarchalthoughtsofGeraldwhichgivesherafiercedislikearecompletelyunmasked.WhenGudrunfindsthathertwocontraryideassimultaneouslyreflectonGerald,herowncontradictionswillchangeintothestrugglesbetweenGeraldandher.Hence,thecontradictionsmustmaketheloversbreakup.3.3Gudrun’sextremepersonalityGurunalsohasastrongdesireforcontrolwhichistheabsolutelyirreconcilablecontradictionbetweensheandGerald.Atfirst,sheisanartistandshealwayslikestocarvesomesmallanddelicatethings.Generallyspeaking,thesmallthingsareeasiertocontrolthanbigarticles.Herpartialityforsmall-sizedobjectsmayunconsciouslyreflectsherstrongdesireforcontrol.Besides,itiscrazyforhertocatchthatstruggledrabbitnamedBismarck.Thisbehavioriscruelandalsoreflectsherdesiretohandleotherthings.EvenUrsulasaid,"Gudrunissoshamelessandarrogantthatshemeasureseverythingbyherselfanddowngradesotherthingsunderthestandardofhumanbeings.ShewantstohavecompletecontrolovereverythinglikeGod.ShecertainlyhasatendencytoassimilateGeraldbuthesimilarlyhasastrongdesireforcontrol.Later,shefindsthatherwillcannotchangeGerald’sandsheturnsloveintohate.Aftertheshortfervor,sheevenlaunchesintothearmsofaGermansculptorwithdisappointmentsandpains.However,hernewromancefinallyendsupwithGerald’sdeath.Therefore,Gudruncannotgetahappinesswithherextremepersonality.3.4Gudrun’spursuitforfreedomGudrunalwaysinsiststhepursuitoffreedom,andsherefusestobeboundbymarriage.Inthebook,shesupportstheideathatmarriageisjustanecessaryexperienceinthelifebutnotthefinaldestination.Shealsothinksthatmarriageseparatestwopeoplefromtheworldandfinallyleavesthembehind.ShealwaysmissestheatmosphereofLondonandneverwantstostopexploringtheworld.EvenifshefallsinlovewithGerald,shenevergivesupherownindependentthoughts.Inspiteofthepressuresfromoutsideworld,shetriestosticktoherbeliefandkeepherpersonality.Consequently,sheeventuallygivesupthelovewithGeraldandchoosesawanderinglifeasaartist.ConclusionLawrencedescribesGudrunasarepresentativeofmodernwomen,butherendingisnotsatisfied.HersisterUrsulagetsahappymarriagewhileshecannotgetatruelovefrombeginningtoend.Gudrun’slovetragedyistheresultofinteractionofmultiplefactorssuchassocialbackgrounds,Geraldandherpersonality.Thatoldsocietywouldnotallowawomenwhoseeksafterindependentgetsomethingafterherownheartincludingherlove.Besides,loveneedsjointeffortsofbothsides,butbothofGudrunandGeralddoesnotknowhowtolove.Therefore,whenalltheconditionsareagainstforGudrun,shecertainlycannotgetaperfectlove.Bibliography1.郝滢,Declining of Nature——Analysis of women in Love[J],Overseas English，2013年12期.2.JiangHaiying,Nature.women.Harmony:AReadingofwomeninLovefromEco-feminismPerspectiveJournalofChangzhouUniversity(SocialScienceEdition)[J],2011.3.Messenger, Nigel. How to Study a D.H. Lawrence Novel [M]. London: Macmillan Education Ltd., 1989.4.马瑞映,20世纪初的西方妇女解放:主题与实质,陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007-01-05.5.王巍巍,父权社会下的女性形象—《恋爱中的女人》与《废都》之对比研究,2008年9月1日.6.谢淑梅,20世纪英国妇女与社会地位的变化,湖南科技大学,2007-04-01.7.徐敬珍,《恋爱中的女人》之原型分析：流放的该隐,中国论文网,2009年第10期.8.朱茜,从萨特存在主义角度解读《恋爱中的女人》之女主角古德伦,吉林省教育学院学报，2011.08,期刊.9.D.H.Lawrence，Wikipedia.