.语法七大语法考试重点一独立主格(一):独立主格结构的构成: 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词; 名词(代词)+形容词; 名词(代词)+副词; 名词(代词)+不定式; 名词(代词)+介词短语构成。 (二)独立主格结构的特点: 1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例: Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday. =Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday. Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow. =Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow. Thisdone,wewenthome. Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier. Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.二过去完成时1)概念:表示过去的过去其构成是had+过去分词构成。2)用法 a. 在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。 Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis. b.状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway. c.表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt.3) 过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。 HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore. Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself. Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.典型例题 Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice. A.hadwritten,left B,werewriting,hasleft C.hadwritten,hadleft D.werewriting,hadleft 注意:hadnosooner…than 刚……就…… Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.三强调结构考试重点: 强调句型的基本形式Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)…;强调句型用来强调状语。 一、强调句型的基本形式Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)…。 二、强调句型用来强调状语。 1、Itwasinthatsmallroom_____theyworkedhardanddreamedofbetterdaystocome. A.where B.inwhich C.which d.that 2、Itisbecausesheisverydevotedtoherstudents_______sheisrespectedbythem. A.that B.which C.what D.who 3、Itwasnotuntilshearrivedinclass_________realizedshehadforgottenherbook. A.andshe B.when C.she D.thatshe 四情态动词考试重点:情态动词+完成时 情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化,在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看,着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must+现在完成时 表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。 1、Mr.Green_____myletter,otherwisehewouldhaverepliedbeforenow. A.musthavereceived B.musthavefailedtoreceive C.mustreceive D.mustfailtoreceive 2、Ibelievehe_____anaccident,otherwisehewouldhavearrivedontime. A.wouldhavehad B.couldhavehad C.shouldhavehad D.musthavehad 二、should(oughtto)+完成时 表示应该做的事情而没有做,否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。 1、Theyhavedonethingstheyought_____. A.nottodo B.nottobedone C.nottohavedone D.nothavingdone 2、I’msorryIcouldn’tgetintouchwithhimbeforeheleft,I_____himearlier. A.hadatelephone B.havephoned C.shouldhavephoned D.shouldbephoned 三、could+完成时 表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜,遗憾。 1、Hecouldhavejoinedus,buthedidn’tgetourinvitationintime. 2、Icouldhavepassed,butIdidnotstudyhardenough. 五虚拟语气考试重点:虚拟语气的基本形式和用法;if的省略形式;含蓄条件句;以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句;wouldrather引导的从句;以asif,asthough引导的从句;以suggest,advise,insist等词后引导的宾语从句;Itisnecessary(important)that引导的主语从句;Itistime(that)…句型中。一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法: 虚拟(条件)语气中,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类:1、IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI_____him. A.hadknown B.haveknown C.knew D.know2、Doyouthinktherewouldbelessconflictintheworldifallpeople_____thesamelanguage? A.spoke B.speak C.hadspoken D.willspeak3、IfBob____withus,hewouldhavehadagoodtime. A.wouldcome B.wouldhavecome C.hadcome D.came二、if的省略形式 在虚拟条件句中,如谓语包含were,had,should等词,则可以把这些词放到主语前面,省略if。 1、_____youwerebusy,Iwouldnthavebotheredyouwithmyquestions. A.IfIrealized B.HadIrealized C.DidIhaverealizedthat D.AsIrealized2、_____,Ishouldaskthemsomequestions. A.Shouldtheycometous B.Iftheycometous C.Weretheycometous D.Hadtheycometous三、含蓄条件句 有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示,而用其它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with,without,butfor。 1、Withoutyourhelp,we_____somuch. A.didn’tachieve B.wouldnothaveachieved C.willnotachieve D.don’tachieve 2、Butfortherain,we_____aniceholiday. A.shouldhave B.wouldhavehad C.wouldhave D.willhavehad 四、以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句 wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用:主语+wish+从句(主语+过去时);表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用:主语+wish+从句(主语+过去完成时); 1、Peterwishesthathe_____lawinsteadofliteraturewhenhewasincollege. A.couldstudy B.studied C.hadstudied D.wouldstudy Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there. A.were B.wouldbe C.hadbeen D.willbe 五、wouldrather+句子(过去时) 1、I’d_____youdidn’ttouchthat,ifyoudon’tmind. A.rather B.better C.happier D.further Iamtoobusythesedays.Iwouldratherallofyou_____nextmonthforadinner. A.come B.wouldcome C.came D.havecome 六、以asif,asthough引导的从句 在asif,asthough引导的从句中,如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时,它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气,动词形式和wish后面的从中动词形式变化相同。 1、Hetalksasifhe_____everythingintheworld. A.knows B.knew C.hadknown D.wouldhaveknown 2、Youaretalkingasifyouhadseenthem七、以suggest,advise,insist等词后引导的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略。类似的动词有:propose,order,demand,require,request等。 1、ThedoctoradvisedthatMr.Malan_____anoperationrightawaysoastosavehislife. A.had B.wouldhave C.have D.wasgoingtohave 2、Hismotherinsistedthathe_____thecoatwhengoingout. A.puton B.putson C.toput D.puttingon 八、Itisnecessary/important/urgentthat引导的主语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词,should可以省略。 1、It’sdesiredthatshe_____toteachusatleasttwiceaweek. A.comes B.willcome C.come D.maycome 2、It’surgentthatameeting_____beforethefinaldecisionismade. A.willbearranged B.mustbearranged C.bearranged D.wouldbearranged 九、Itistime(that)…引导的定语从句中,谓语动词用过去时。 1、It’shightimewe_____somethingtostoptrafficaccident. A.do B.willdo C.did D.mustdo 2、Don’tyouthinkitistimeyou_____smoking? A.giveup B.gaveup C.wouldgiveup D.shouldgiveup 六状语从句在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果。一、时间状语从句 常用的连词有:when,whenever(无论什么时候),since,as,until,hardly…when,nosooner…than,assoonas,before,after,themoment,theminute(一…就…) 1、Nosoonerhadtheygotthegoodscoveredup_____itstartedraininghard. A.when B.than C.then D.after 2、Shehaswantedtobecomeanurse_____sinceshewasayounggirl. A.long B.often C.always D.ever 二、条件状语从句 常用if,unless(除非,如果不),as/solongas只要。 1、_____I’mmistaken,I’veseenthatmanbefore. A.Unless B.If C.Because D.Provided 2、_____youreturnthosebookstothelibraryimmediatelyyouwillhavetopayafine. A.Until B.Unless C.If D.Provided 三、原因状语从句 常用:because,as,since。如果表示必然的因果关系,一般用because引入;而since表示一种间接或附带的原因;用as只是提一下。 1、Hecannotgotoschoolbecauseheisill.2、Everyonelikesyouasyouarebothkindandhonest.四、让步状语从句 常用though/although,as(尽管),evenif/though,however,whatever,wherever,whoever,nomatterhow/what/who等 1、Inshort,_____helives,amanbelongstosomesociety. A.whatever B.whenever C.whichever D.wherever 2、_____,youmustshowyourtickettogointothecinema. A.Nomatterwhoeveryouare B.Whomeveryouare C.Whoeveryouare D.Nomatterwhoareyou 3、_____youdisagreewithher,herideaisstillworthconsidering. A.Evenif B.Ifonly C.Insteadof D.Despiteof 4、Young_____heis,heknowswhatistherightthingtodo. A.that B.as C.although D.however五、方式状语从句 常用as,justas,asif/though等词。 1、_____waspointedabove,thissubstancecanbeusedasasubstitute. A.It B.That C.What D.As 2、Hetalksasifhe_____everythingintheworld. A.knows B.knew C.hadknown D.wouldhaveknown六、目的状语从句 常用sothat,inorderthat,lest(以免,以防),incase。 1、Iwroteitdown_____Ishouldforgetit. A.incase B.incaseof C.inorderthat D.forfearof 2、I’llgiveyoumyphonenumber,sothatyoucancallmewhenyouarrivehere.七、结果状语从句 常用so…that,such…that Theyare_____studentsthattheyallperformedwellinthenationwideexaminations. A.sodiligent B.suchdiligent C.somuchdiligent D.suchverydiligent 七主谓一致考试重点:形式上复数、意义单数的名词做主语;动名词、不定式,从句做主语;anumber+of+复数名词和thenumber+of+可数或不可数名词做主语;主语由aswellas等词修饰时的主谓一致;当用and连接的名词前有each,every等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。一、名词physics(物理),maths(数学),news(新闻),means(方法),works(工厂)等一般被认为是形式是复数,意思是单数的名词,它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。Everymeanshasbeentried.二、动名词、不定式、从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Whenandwherethenewhospitalwillbebuilt_____amystery. A.toremain B.remains C.remain D.isremaining 三、当主语是anumber+of+复数名词时,谓语动词用复数;当主语是thenumber+of+可数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数1、Anumberofcars_____infrontofmyhouse. A.wasparked B.wereparking C.isparking D.areparked 四、当主语由aswellas等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,including,accompaniedby等短语+名词(代词)时,主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响,主语是单数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式时,谓语动词用复数。 1、John,alongwithtwentyfriends,isplanningaparty. 2、NoonebutJaneandTomwastherethen. 五、当用and连接的名词前有each,every等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。当主语是each…and…,every…andevery…,manya…and…结构时,谓语动词用单数。 1、Manyasingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty.2、Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.语法》》语法词汇习题(一)1.Wateris_______shortinmanybigcities.A.running B.flowing C.becoming D.moving2.Excusemefor_______ youwithsuchasmallmatter.A.troubling B.taking C.interrupting D.making3.Thismorningourwatersupplywas_______becauseofthecoldweather.A.letdown B.cutoff C.takenup D.broughtaway4.Themarketwasfilledwithsaltedfish,_______theworstsmellthatyoucanimagine.A.sendingoff B.givingup C.sendingdown D.givingoff5.Itwasbecausetheapplicantwastooproud_______ hefailedintheinterview.A.therefore B.that C.sothat D.so6.TomusedtoliveinCalifornia,_______?A.usedhe B.didhe C.washe D.didn’the7.Sofarthereisnoproof_______peoplefromotherplanetsdoexist.A.which B.how C.what D.that8.Neverbefore_______sohighlysuccessfulinchanginghissurroundings.A.manhasbeen B.manis C.hasmanbeen D.isman9._______fromthehelicopter,thecitylooksverybeautiful.A.Seeing B.Havingseen C.Seen D.Tosee10.Thenewspapersreportedyesterdayseveral_______ontheboundariesofthesetwocountries.A.incidents B.happenings C.events D.accidents11.Someofthestudentsinhisclassseem_______todotheirassignments.A.boring B.interesting C.tiring D.unwilling12.Let’sworkhardtofind_______totheproblem.A.ananswer B.away C.amethod D.asolution13.Theyhavedevelopedtechniqueswhichare_______tothoseusedinmostfactories.A.simpler B.better C.superior D.greater14.Atthebeginningofthisterm,ourEnglishteacher_______alistofbooksforustoread.A.turnedout B.madeout C.handedin D.passedon15.I’msorryIhave_______dictionary.You’dbettergotothelibrary.A.notsuch B.notsucha C.notasuch D.nosucha16.IfMaryhadnotbeenbadlyhurtinacaraccident,she_______inlastmonth’smarathonrace.A.wouldparticipate B.mightparticipate C.wouldhaveparticipated D.mustparticipate17.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature_______.A.taking B.take C.taken D.totake18.Liquidsarelikesolids_______theyhaveadefinitevolume.A.inwhich B.that C.inthat D.which19.WhenafriendgaveJimatickettothegame,he_______go.A.couldn’thelp B.cannotdobut C.couldn’thelpbut D.justhaveto20.Iwassurprisedtofindhisarticleonsuchan_______topicso_______.A.excited;boring B.exciting;bored C.exciting;boring D.excited;bored21.Tomlikes_______foreigncoins.A.gathering B.assembling C.collecting D.accumulating22.Luckily,mostsheep_______thefloodlastmonth.A.endured B.survived C.opinion D.passed23.Theythoughtabouttheproblemforalongtimebutcametono_______.A.end B.result C.opinion D.conclusion24.Therealtrouble_______theirlackofconfidenceintheirabilities.A.liesin B.lieson C.liesabout D.liesoff25.Thestorywassofunnythateveryone_______.A.laughed B.interested C.amused D.joked26.He_______mebytwogamestoone.A.beat B.conquered C.gained D.won27._______,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.A.Havingmadethedecision B.Hasthedecisionbeenmade C.Thedecisionhavingbeenmade D.Thedecisionhasbeenmade28.Thebrainiscapableofignoringpainmessagesif_______toconcentrateonotheractivities.A.itallowed B.allowed C.isitallowed D.allowedit29.Thechildwassorry_______hismotherwhenhearrivedatthestation.A.tomiss B.havingmissed C.missing D.tohavemissed30.Thereisnopoint_______withhim,sincehehasalreadymadeuphismind.A.argue B.toargue C.inarguing D.ofarguing32._______helpingthosewhoareunwillingtohelpthemselves?A.Whatsenseisitabout B.What’sthepointof C.What’sthesensewith D.Whatpointisitin33.It’salmostayearsinceIleftmymother.I’mreally_______seeingher.A.lookingbackon B.lookingupto C.lookingforwardto D.lookingoutover34.IfIfoundthebook,I_______ittoyou.A.willbring B.wouldhavebrought C.wouldbring D.mighthavebrought35.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary_______ithelpsustocorrectourmistakes.A.inthat B.intime C.inturn D.ineffect36.Theaudienceis_______atlastyear’sconcert.A.muchmorethanthat B.muchlargerthanthat C.muchlargerthan D.largeenoughthan37.Itoccurredtoherthatshemight_______ahomelesschild.A.adapt B.adopt C.adjust D.admit38.Heworkstoohard.That’s_______iswrongwithhim.A.how B.where C.why D.what39.All_______ispeaceandprogress.A.whatisneeded B.whichisneeded C.thatisneeded D.forourneeds40.Peoplecannotclosetheireyestothefacts_______.A.nolonger B.notanylonger C.anylonger D.notlonger语法》》语法词汇习题(二)1._______borninChina,theboywasbroughtupintheUSA.A.Although B.Since C.As D.When2._______isknowntoall,hastemakeswaste.A.What B.That C.As D.Which3.Thatistheveryoldwoman_______housewasburneddownlastnight.A.which B.her C.ofwhom D.whose4.Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeech_______theaudiencestartedcheering.A.than B.then C.when D.assoonas5._______thebook,hefoundoutsomeanswerstothisquestion.A.Ashereading B.AthisreadingC.Asreading D.Onreading6.Thespacecraftwillsendback_______onsurfacewindsandtemperatures.A.manynewinformation B.somenewinformation C.anewinformation D.afewnewinformation7.Thereasonformyrefusalis_______you’reunreliable.A.because B.that C.dueto D.for8.HecameallthewaytoChinaforpromotingfriendship_______formakingmoney.A.otherthan B.instead C.apartfrom D.ratherthan9.Ifyoudon’tmind,I_______domyhomeworkthanplaycardswithyou.A.hadbetter B.wouldrather C.prefer D.wouldlike10.Noone,excepthistwobestfriends, _______whereheis.A.know B.toknow C.knows D.knowing11._______,youwouldhaveseenyourfavoritemoviestar.A.Ifyouarrivedearlier B.IfyouhadarrivedearlierC.Unlessyouarrivedearlier D.Unlessyouhadarrivedearlier12.Thedriver’scarelessness_______thedeathofthreepassengers.A.resultedfrom B.resultedin C.cameacross D.cameabout13.InEngland,tea_______withmilkandsugar.A.isserving B.isserved C.serves D.served14.Writteningreathaste,_______.A.thesecretarymadealotofmistakesinthereportB.therewerealotofmistakesinthereportC.wefoundalotofmistakesinthereport D.thereportwasfullofmistakes15.It’ssuggestedthateachoneofus_______thetrainingclassesforEnglish.A.takespartin B.takepartinC.tookpartin D.wouldtakepartin16.Theonlything_______interestsmeistheprogressofmystudents.A.what B.that C.which D.it17.Peopledonotrealizetheimportanceofgoodhealth_______theyhavelostit.A.until B.when C.since D.as18.Iftherewerenohomeworkatweekends,studentswouldhave_______athome.A.thehappiesttime B.muchhappiesttimeC.amorehappiertime D.amuchhappiertime19.Thereasonhewontheelectionis_______heishonestandconfidentofhimself.A.why B.what C.that D.which20.Mr.andMrs.Brown_______asmallrestaurantinChinaTowninNewYork.A.serve B.start C.open D.run21.Hecannot_______acar,forhedoesn’tearnthatmuchmoney.A.obtain B.get C.deserve D.afford22.Itwasin1949_______thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.when B.while C.as D.that23.Yourhairneeds_______,you’dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.A.cut B.tocut C.cutting D.beingcut24.Bytheendofnextyear,I_______enoughmoneytobuyahouse.A.willsave B.havesaved C.mustsave D.willhavesaved25.Much_______ourrelief,hesurvivedthesevereearthquake.A.to B.in C.for D.with26.Hasn’thearrivedyet?Heis_______tobehereat8.Nowitis8:30.A.regarded B.supposed C.considered D.known27.Itwaskindofyou_______uswhenwewereintrouble.A.tohelp B.helping C.whohelp D.help28.Theengineersoon_______thatsomethinghadgonewrongwiththeproject.A.remembered B.realized C.recognized D.memorized29.Mr.Smithislookingforanexperiencedsecretarywhois_______oforganizingasalesoffice.A.able B.capable C.possible D.responsible30.Fiftydollars_______abigsumofmoneyforaten-year-oldboy.A.are B.is C.tobe D.being31.Thenewbatteries(电池)causelittleenvironmentalproblemsand_______littlespace.A.use B.hold C.occupy D.maintain32.Sobadly_______intheaccidentthathewassenttothehospitalfortreatment.A.hewasinjured B.heinjuredC.washeinjured D.injuredhe33.Theyweresoangrythattheywentovertotherestaurantmanagerto_______theservicetheyhadreceived.A.complain B.complainabout C.argue D.argueabout34.Tooursurprise,thefashionableyoungladywemetinthehotel_______tobeathief.A.turnedup B.turnedover C.turneddown D.turnedout35.TheteacherhadJohn_______atthedoorforanhourbecausehewaslateforclass.A.stand B.tostand C.stood D.stands36.Thepriceofapples_______from$2to$4perkiloinsupermarket.A.differed B.ranged C.changed D.altered37.Fortwomonths,Ihave_______everydaysittingbyhisbedside.A.taken B.cost C.spent D.paid38.The29thOlympicGames,_______inBeijingin2008,wasagreatsuccess.A.held B.whichheld C.tobeheld D.washeld39.Whenit_______toAmericanhistory,heknowslittleaboutit.A.talks B.speaks C.comes D.tells40._______,schoolsincityprovidebettersurroundingsforstudents.A.Generallyspeaking B.GenerallyspokenC.Tospeakgenerally D.Speakinggenerally翻译》》英语考试翻译题六大法则 1)合句法 把原文中两个或以上的简单句,主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。 例:她已试了好几次,要帮他们另找一所出租的房子,结果并未成功。 例:他们有遵守交通规则,机器出了故障。例:WhenwepraisetheChineseleadershipandthepeople,wearenotmerelybeingpolite.2)正译法 就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相同的表达方式译成英语。 例:我们强烈反对公司的新政策。 例:人不可貌相。3)分句法 把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开,译成两个或两个以上的句子。 例:八月中旬,修理组人员在骄阳下工作。 例:他为人单纯而坦率。 例:Themothermighthavespokenwithunderstandableprideofherchild.(adj通常可以翻译成n) 例Iwrotefourbooksinthefirstthreeyears,arecordnevertouchedbefore.(名词短语拆开)4)顺序法 顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序,不会影响对原文容的理解。 例:即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时,电仍然为我们工作:开动电冰箱,把水加热,或使室空调机继续运转(besidelamp,fastasleep,refrigerator,air-condition)。 在句子中,句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句,后半句的“开动”,“加热”,“使……运转”都是“电在为我们工作”的具体容。因而在译文中,译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing形式,补充说明working的容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思,采用顺序法翻译,达到了“精确,通顺”的目的。 例:ItwasaSaturdayevening,whenTomwaslyingonthebenchoftheschoollistening toablackbird(画眉鸟)andcomposing(写作)alyric(抒情诗),thathesawthegirlsrunningamongthetrees. (原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如:lying,listening,composing,saw,这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的,如果在译文中打乱这些顺序,就反而会显得凌乱,没有逻辑。) 5)逆序法 逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力,按原文语序反向翻译,以便更好地传达原文的容。 例:他经常做礼拜的时候,总坐在固定的座位上,可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。 请读者比较下面两句译文,你认为哪一句较好? 译文1:Whenheattendedworship,healwaystookacertainseat,buttheyfoundthathetookadifferentonethatday. 译文2:Theyremarkedhowhetookadifferentseatfromthatwhichheusuallyoccupiedwhenhechosetoattendworship. 两种译文都忠实传达了原文容。第一种为顺序翻译,第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓,且前后简单句主语不一致(前半句主语为he,后半句主语是they),给人表述混乱之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来,容清晰,结构紧凑。 顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言,六级新题型汉译英题不会涉及此类译法,但作为翻译策略之一,应有所了解6)反译法 就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。 例:酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走。 例:这台机器一点儿也不复杂。由上可见,正译法和反译法主要体现在汉语里是否使用“不”、“非”、“无”、“没有”、“未”、“否”等字眼,或是在英语里是否使用no,not等词或带有dis-,im-,in-,un-,-less等带否定含义的词缀。读者也可将例1,例2试着用反译法表达出来。结果就是:Westronglydisapprovethecompany'snewpolicy.和Appearancesaredeceptive.至于两种译法得出的两个译文究竟哪一个更好,就要看译文是否准确规,简练精辟,是否符合该语言使用者的表达习惯了。翻译训练(1)1.IshouldsayHenryis______________(与其说是个作家不如说是)asareporter. 2.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelatives______________(起着不可缺少的作用)inraisingchildren. 3.Mr.Johnsonmadefullpreparationfortheexperiment____________________(以便实验能顺利进行). 4.Pricesaregoinguprapidly.Petrolnow__________________________(价格是几年前的两倍). 5.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren__________________(有很强的影响)thecharacterofthechildren.翻译训练(2)1._______________(通过体育锻炼),wecanalwaysstayhealthy.2.Accordingtothescientificresearch,_____________(听音乐能使我们放松).Isthisreallytrue?3.______________(我们绝对不能)ignorethevalueofknowledge. 4.Asisknowntoall,______________(假冒伪劣商品)harmtheinterestsofconsumers. 5.Facedwithfailure,somepeoplecanstanduptoit,_____________(从失败中汲取教训)andtryhardtofulfillwhattheyaredeterminedtodo.翻译训练(3)1.Inthisway,Ibelievethatallthepeoplemaybeableto_______________(像我一样享受乘坐公车的乐趣).2.Bypracticingthese,Ihavebeenableto_____________(在智育方
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