yum__管理

yum软件管理使用 1.​ yum 概述 yum是Yellow dog Updater, Modified的缩写，主要功能是更方便的添加/删除/更新RPM包；它能自动解决包的依赖性问题；它能便于管理大量系统的更新问题。 Yum与rpm的区别： YUM是从yum源中自动下载，自动安装，自动配置的。RPM是要你自己下载软件包以及相关的包，之后再依次用rpm命令装完各个包。 2.yun 的基本操作 (1)用yum安装本地已经下载好的软件，用命令：yum install +软件包名 例如，要安装linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm 软件包，则： [root@localhost rpm]# yum install linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm Setting up Install Process Parsing package install arguments Examining linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm: linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386 Marking linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package linuxqq.i386 0:v1.0.2-beta1 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================== Installing: linuxqq i386 v1.0.2-beta1 linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm 4.8 M Transaction Summary ======================================================== Install 1 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 4.8 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : linuxqq Installing : linuxqq # Installing : linuxqq ## Installing : linuxqq ### Installing : linuxqq #### Installing : linuxqq ##### Installing : linuxqq ###### Installing : linuxqq ####### Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq ######## Installing : linuxqq [1/1] Installed: linuxqq.i386 0:v1.0.2-beta1 Complete! (2)用yum 卸载一个安装好的软件包，用命令：yum remove + 软件标识 例如要卸载上面安装好的linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm，则 [root@localhost rpm]# yum remove linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386 Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package linuxqq.i386 0:v1.0.2-beta1 set to be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================== Removing: linuxqq i386 v1.0.2-beta1 installed 6.1 M Transaction Summary ===================================================== Install 0 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 1 Package(s) Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : linuxqq [1/1] Removed: linuxqq.i386 0:v1.0.2-beta1 Complete! (3)用yum 列出指定软将包的清单，用命令：yum list +软件包 例如上面已经安装好的linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm包，要查看该软件包的清单，则 [root@localhost rpm]# yum list linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386 Installed Packages linuxqq.i386 v1.0.2-beta1 installed 还可以查看还有相同字符串的已经安装好的软件包的清单，用命令: Yum list |grep 字符串，例如： [root@localhost rpm]# yum list |grep xorg xorg-x11-apps.x86_64 7.1-4.0.1NFS installed xorg-x11-drivers.x86_64 7.1-4.1NFS installed xorg-x11-drv-acecad.x86_64 1.1.0-2.1 installed xorg-x11-drv-aiptek.x86_64 1.0.1-2 installed xorg-x11-drv-ast.x86_64 0.81.0-3 installed xorg-x11-drv-ati.x86_64 6.6.3-3.22NFS installed xorg-x11-drv-calcomp.x86_64 1.1.0-1.1 installed xorg-x11-drv-cirrus.x86_64 1.1.0-2NFS installed xorg-x11-drv-citron.x86_64 2.2.0-1.1 installed xorg-x11-drv-digitaledge.x86_64 1.1.0-1.1 installed xorg-x11-drv-dmc.x86_64 1.1.0-2 installed xorg-x11-drv-dummy.x86_64 0.2.0-2.1 installed xorg-x11-drv-dynapro.x86_64 1.1.0-2 installed xorg-x11-drv-elo2300.x86_64 1.1.0-1.1 installed Xorg-x11-drv-elographics.x86_64 1.1.0-1.1 installed xorg-x11-drv-evdev.x86_64 1:1.0.0.5-3NFS installed xorg-x11-drv-fbdev.x86_64 0.3.0-2 installed xorg-x11-drv-fpit.x86_64 1.1.0-1.1 installed xorg-x11-drv-hyperpen.x86_64 1.1.0-2 installed xorg-x11-drv-i810.i386 1.6.5-9.21.1AXS3 installed xorg-x11-drv-i810.x86_64 1.6.5-9.21.1NFS installed xorg-x11-drv-i810-devel.i386 1.6.5-9.21.1AXS3 installed xorg-x11-drv-i810-devel.x86_64 1.6.5-9.21.1NFS installed （4）用yum 来显示已经安装好的软件包的详细信息，用命令： Yum info + 软件标识 例如查看上面已经安装好的 linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm，则： [root@localhost rpm]# yum info linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386 Installed Packages Name : linuxqq Arch : i386 Version : v1.0.2 Release : beta1 Size : 6.1 M Repo : installed Summary : QQ for Linux v1.0.2 Beta1 License : Commercial Description: QQ - The most popular free instant : messaging program in China. * Chat with : more than 590,000,000 people all over : the world. * Free to download or : distribute absolutely. (5)用yum 检测可以更新的所有软件包，用命令： Yum check-update 使用该命令是要注意在yum源中有指定升级的高版本软件包，并已经安装了低版本的软件包才行： [root@localhost rpm]# yum check-update （6）假设所有的提示符都是yes， 用参数－y ,当遇到提示符时，会默认为yes 来继续操作，如要直接删除linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm 的软件包 [root@localhost rpm]# yum -y remove linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386 Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package linuxqq.i386 0:v1.0.2-beta1 set to be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ========================================================= Removing: linuxqq i386 v1.0.2-beta1 installed 6.1 M Transaction Summary ========================================================= Install 0 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 1 Package(s) Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : linuxqq [1/1] Removed: linuxqq.i386 0:v1.0.2-beta1 Complete! （7）清除缓存目录(/var/cache/yum)下的软件包，用命令：yum clean package 首先要进入／var/cache/yum 目录下，具体操作如下： [root@localhost rpm]# cd /var/cache/yum/ [root@localhost yum]# yum clean packages 0 package files removed