华中农大微生物题库英文

Test 1: Development of Microbiology Test 1: Development of Microbiology ■Multiple Choice (choose one answer) 1. The fundamental unit of all living organisms is the: ■.membrane ■.cell ■.nucleus ■.cell wall 2. Organisms that do not contain a true nucleus are referred to as: ■.fungi ■.eukaryotic ■.prokaryotic ■.nankaryotic 3. The three kingdom classification system of organisms was proposed by: ■.Pasteur ■.Bacon ■.Winogradsky ■.Woese 4. Fungi differ from bacteria in a number of characteristics. The cell walls in fungi are composedof , while the cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan. ■.chitin ■.phospholipid ■.protein ■.glucosamine 5. The first microscopes were developed by: ■.Ehrlich ■.Metchnikoff ■.Leewenhoek ■.Lister 6. Control of microbial infections can be accomplished by chemical or immune mechanisms. The first report on the production of an antibiotic is credited to: ■.Lister ■.Fleming ■.Ehrlich ■.Koch 7. The term "antibiotic" means: ■.a substance produced by the laboratory that kills or inhibits other microorganisms ■.a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits molds ■.a substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganisms ■.a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits cancer cells 8. The first documented use of a vaccine for smallpox was reported by the English physician: ■.Lister ■.Florey ■.Fleming ■.Jenner 9. Active immunity can be distinguished from passive immunity in that the former requires: ■.development of antibodies in one's own body by stimulation with external antibodies ■.development of antibodies in one's own body by stimulation with external antigens ■.Flemingdevelopment of antibodies in a foreign host and transfer to one' s own body ■.development of antigens in one's own body by stimulation with external antibodies 10. The process of nitrification by bacteria described by Winogradsky converts: ■.ammonia to nitrate ions ■.nitrate ions to ammonia ■.N2 to ammonia ■.ammonia to urea 11. The transfer of DNA from one organism to another through the use of a viral vector is referred to as: ■.electroporation ■.conjugation ■.transformation ■.transduction 12. The genetic material of a bacteria is located in the molecule: ■.RNA ■.DNA ■.protein ■.lipid ■Fill in the Blank 1. Organisms that contain a true nucleus are called_______ 2. Bacteria do not have a true nucleus and are considered _______ 3. Bacteria can be divided into two groups, the _______and the _______. 4._______ are organisms that can grow without using molecular oxygen. 5. Microorganisms that can synthesize complex organic compounds from CO2:are called _______. 6. ______ are microorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds from light. 7. ______ require organic compounds for growth. 8. Organisms that survive only at very high temperatures are referred to as______. 9. ______ are organisms that produce methane from CO2. 10. ______organisms grow under conditions of high salinity. 11. Eubacteria can exhibit a number of morphological shapes. Identify four: a.______ b.______ c.______ d.______ 12. Fungi, algae and protozoa can be differentiated from bacteria by the following characteristic:_______ . 13. Fungi have cell wall consisting of _______. 14. Viruses consist of ______surrounded by a protein coat. 15. The scientific method utilizes deductive reasoning and observations or experiments to prove or disprove a _____. 16. The theory _______of held that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter. 17. The process used to reduce the number of viable organisms by moderate heating is called:_______ . 18. The process of tyndallization uses repeated heating to eliminate or_______ microorganisms from solutions. 19.An _______is a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills other microorganisms. 20. The process of stimulating the immune defenses of the body is referred to as_______. 21. White blood cells that engulf foreign particles are referred to as______. 22. A substance in serum that can neutralize foreign material is referred to as ______or ______. 23. Cells infected with a virus produce a substance called ______ that inhibits viral replication. 24. Avery, Colin and MacLeod first demonstrated that transformation of nonpathogenic to pathogenic strains of bacteria could be carried out by the transfer of ______. 25. Exchange of genetic information by direct contact is referred to as______. 26. ______ is the process in which DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another. ■Matching l. Francis Bacon a. phagocytosis 2. Anton Leeuwenhoek b. antibody 3. Paul Ehrlich c. nitrification 4. Hans Gram d. immunization 5. Louis Pasteur e. three kingdom classification based on rRNA 6. Robert Koch f. structure of DNA 7. Joseph Lister g. first microscope 8. Alexander Fleming h. conjugation or transduction 9. Edward Jenner i. differential stain for bacteria 10. Eli Metchnikoff j. interferon 11. Emil von Behring k. rabies vaccine 12. Alick Isaacs 1. penicillin 13. Sergei Winogradsky m. antiseptic technique 14. Joshua Lederberg n. established that bacteria can cause disease 15. Watson and Crick o. magic bullet 16. Carl Woese p. scientific method 1.p 2.g 3.o 4.i 5.k 6.n 7.m 8.l 9.d 10.a 11.b 12.j 13.c 14.h 15.f 16.e Test 2: Methods for Studying Microorganisms ■Multiple Choice (choose one answer) 1. Light microscopy is dependent on the interaction of light with on object. The ability of light to pass through an object is referred to as: ■.transported light ■.transmitted light ■.reflected light ■.refracted light 2. The resolving power (R) of a microscope is dependent on the wavelength of light (;~) and the numerical aperture (NA) of the lens. The formula for R is: ■.R = 0.5~. xNA ■.R = 0.5;~/NA ■.R = NA/0.5Jr ■.R = Square root of 0.5)./NA 3. The gram stain uses ~ as a mordant to fix the primary stain: ■.iodine ■.alcohol ■.acetone ■.safranin 4. The acid-fast stain is useful in the identification of which of the following organisms: ■.Staphylococcus aureus ■.Mycoplasma mycoides ■.Mycobacteria tuberculosis ■.Moraxella osloensis 5. Botulism is a serious disease that can develop from the improper cooking of food containing bacterial spores. Which of the following genera are capable of producing spores? ■.Salmonella ■.Listeria ■.Escherichia ■.Clostridia 6. Which of the following types of microscopes utilizes electron beams to visualize objects? ■.Nomarski ■.TEM ■.PCM ■.Confocal 7. A mixture of organisms was isolated from a patient suspected of having "Strep Throat." Which type of media would you use to isolate the suspected pathogen? ■.defined ■.enriched ■.selective ■.differential 8. Sterilization of material with an autoclave utilizes steam to kill microorganisms. The correct procedure for sterilization with an autoclave is: ■.15 min at 121℃at 15 lb/in2 ■.15 min at 256℃ at 15 lb/in2 ■.15 min at 121℃at 1 lb/in2 ■.15 rain at 121℃at 30 lb/in2 9. An antibiotic was added to a culture of bacteria to determine its effect. What method of enumeration would you use to determine the efficacy of the antibiotic? ■.direct count ■.viable count ■.turbidimetric count ■.absorbance 10. Identification of microorganisms can be accomplished by a number of techniques. Which of the following requires the growth of the organism? ■.enzyme linked assay ■.gene probe ■.metabolic ■.fluorescent ■Fill in the Blank 1. A media where all the ingredients are known is called a ______media. 2. ______technique is used to maintain a pure culture and avoid contamination. 3. Sterilization instrument that utilizes steam under pressure: _______. 4.A______ plate utilizes a loop or needle to distribute and isolate colonies on a culture plate. 5.______ identification utilizes antibodies for naming of bacterial species. 6. Bacteria can be preserved for long periods of time by freeze-drying or______. 7. The mrbidimetric method of counting bacteria utilizes a ______ to measure the amountof light passing through a solution. 8. The viable plate count counts live bacterial colonies in the range or______ to______ . 9. A counting chamber and a microscope are used in the______ count of bacteria. 10. The ______technique utilizes a labeled complementary strand of nucleic acid to identify specific bacteria in a specimen. ■Matching Matching I: l. Primary stain for gram stain a. Negative stain 2. Stains bacterial cell b. Carbohl fuchsin 3. Used to fix stain c. Crystal violet 4. Decolorize d. Malachite green 5. Spore stain e. Safranin 6. Acid-fast stain f. Positive stain 7. Gram- bacteria take up this counterstain g. Alcohol 8. Stains background h. Mordant Matching II: 1. Media used to inhibit growth of unwanted organisms a. Enrichment 2. Media where all components are not known b. Selective 3. Media used to contrast organisms on same plate c. Differential 4. Media used to enhance growth d. Complex Matching I: 1.c 2.f. 3.h 4.g 5.d. 6. b 7.e 8.a Matching II: 1.b 2.d 3.c 4.a Test 3: Organization and Structure of Microorganisms ■Multiple Choice (choose one answer) 1. Eukaryotic membranes can be differentiated from prokaryotic membranes because eukaryotic membranes contain____as part of the lipid component of the membrane. ■.phosphates ■.fatty acids ■.proteins ■.sterols 2. The arrangement of proteins and lipids in the membrane is referred to as the: ■.bilayer model ■.fluid mosaic model ■.trilayer model ■.permeable model 3. The movement of water molecules across the membrane in response to a concentration gradient is referred to as: ■.diffusion ■.osmosis ■.translocation ■.transport 4. The membrane of a cell is able to differentiate molecules that enter or exit the cell and act as a ____ barrier. ■.semipermanent ■.semitransparent ■.semipermeable ■.semidiffuse 5. Movement of molecules at an enhanced rate across the membrane is called: ■.facilitated diffusion ■.passive diffusion ■.osmosis ■.permeation 6. Which of the following mechanisms transports molecules without chemical alteration? ■.active transport ■.group translocation ■.facilitated diffusion ■.binding protein transport 7. Which of the following transport mechanism occurs only in Gram-negative bacteria? ■.active transport ■.group translocation ■.facilitated diffusion ■.binding protein transport 8. Which of the following transport mechanisms occurs only in prokaryotes? ■.active transport ■.group translocation ■.facilitated diffusion ■.binding protein transport 9. Lysozyme and penicillin have activity against the cell wall. Lysozyme breaks this component;penicillin prevents its formation. ■.lipopolysaccharide ■.phospholipid ■.peptidoglycan ■.teichoic acid 10. Partial destruction of the cell wall with lysozyme leaves a cell called a: ■.protoplast ■.spheroplast ■.periplast ■.capsule 11. A capsule can be differentiated from a slime layers since the capsule: ■.is made up of complex carbohydrates and the slime layer contains protein ■.is bound to the cell membrane ■.is bound to the cell wall ■.is bound to the outer membrane 12. The chromatin of eukaryotic cells is composed of DNA and____ ■.histone proteins ■.non histone proteins ■.RNA ■.ribosomes 13. DNA transfers information to make proteins in molecules referred to as: ■.iRNA ■.mRNA ■.rRNA ■.tRNA 14. Mitochondrial ribosomes are____in size. ■.40S ■.60S ■.70S ■.80S 15. The process whereby ATP is generated by the flow of protons across a membrane is: ■.substrate level phosphorylation ■.chemiosmosis ■.protokinesis ■.glycolysis 16. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous structure within eukaryotic cells. It is the site for protein synthesis and for storage and transportation of molecules out of the cell. Which part of the ER is used for protein synthesis? ■.golgi apparatus ■.rough ER ■.smooth ER ■.microbody 17. Flagella of bacteria are composed of protein subunits called flagellin; eukaryotic flagella are composed of subunits called: ■.flagellin ■.cilin ■.spectrin ■.tubulin 18. Flagella are used to propel the cell in response to an environmental signal. Bacterial flagella and eukaryotic flagella can be differentiated since the former moves by: ■.rotating around its base ■.pulling itself once it is attached to a surface or mate ■.waving or whipping to move the cell ■.twisting and releasing similar to a rubber band 19. Endospores are multilayered structures that provide protection from environmental stress and are composed of: ■.peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide ■.peptidoglycan and calcium dipicolonate ■.peptidoglycan and calcium bicarbonate ■.lipopolysaccharide and succinic acid 20. Gram-positive bacteria can be differentiated from Gram-negative bacteria since the peptidoglycan layer of later comprises____% of the cell wall. ■.90 ■.50 ■.30 ■.10 ■Fill in the Blank 1. Most cells use energy in the form of______ to run the cell. 2. Phospholipids of eubacterial cells are composed of a ______group and a _____on a glycerol backbone. 3. Membrane proteins found on the surface are called ______ proteins. 4.The energy source for active transport in eukaryotes is derived from ATP.The energy for active transport in prokaryotes is derived from ______. 5. The region between the outermembrane in Gram-negative bacteria and the cell wall is called the _______. 6. Extrachromosomal DNA elements found in bacteria are called________. 7. Ribosomes are structures composed of _______ and ______. 8. The fluid inside a cell is referred to as the ________. 9.The hereditary organelle of eukaryotic cells is called the ______. 10. The process by which a cell engulfs and internalizes particles such as bacteria or other cells is called ______. ■Matching l. prokaryotes a. hook and basal body 2. eukaryotes b. end of cell 3. hydrophobic c. microtubles 4. hydrophilic d. pill 5. permease e. eukaryotes 6. eubacteria f. surrounding cell 7. archeobacteria g. 9 + 2 arrangement 8. cellulose h. prokaryotes 9. chitin i. fatty acid 10. circular chromosome j. algae 11.linear chromosome k. transport protein 12. 70 S ribosomes 1. lack organelles 13. 80 S ribosomes m. posses nucleus 14. polar flagella n. water loving 15. peritrichous flagella o. fungi 16.bacterial flagella p. L-amino acids 17. eukaryotic flagella q. D-amino acids 18. fimbria 19. cilia 20. cytoskeleton 1.l 2.m,j,o 3.n 4.i 5.k 6.p 7.q 8.j 9.o 10.h 11.e,j,o 12.h,j,o 13.e 14.b 15.f 16.a 17.g 18.d 19.e 20.c Test 4 : Prokaryotes ■Genus Match: (Match the Genus with the Appropriate Group) Match the Genus with the Appropriate Group: l. Spirochete a. Halococcus 2. Gm- aerobic, motile, vibroid b. Clostridium 3. Gm- aerobic cocci c. VeiUonella 4. Gm- facultative rod d. Caulobacter 5. Gm- anerobic rod e. Treponema 6. Gm- anaerobic cocci f. Myxococcus 7. Budding/appendaged g. Streptococcus 8. Fruiting body h. Pyrobaculum 9. Gm+ cocci i. Campylobacter 10. Gm+ rods (no spores) j. Methanococcus 11. Gm+ rods (endospores) k. Listeria 12. Gm+ irregular rod 1. Bacteroides 13. Halophile m. Neisseria 14. Thermophile n. Salmonella 15. Methanogen o. Corynebacteria l.e 2.I 3.m 4.n 5.1 6.c 7.d 8.d 9.g 10.k ll.b 12.o 13.a 14.h 15.j ■Characteristic Match: (Match the Characteristic with the Appropriate Genus or Group) Match the Characteristic with the Appropriate Genus or Group: l. Borrelia a. sulfur reducing 2. Helicobacter b. acid fast 3. Shigella c. Gm+ rod, aerobic, endospores 4. Desulfovibrio d. gliding 5. Chlamydia e. psedomurein 6. Anabaena f. cyanobacteria 7. Chemolithotrophic g. helical rod, no central fibrils 8. Caulobacter h. helical rod, central fibrils 9. Cytophaga i. filamentous 10. Staphylococcus j. obligate intracellular parasite 11. Bacillus k. Gm+ cocci in clusters 12. Actimomycetes 1. Enterobacteriacea 13. Mycoplasma m. Nitrobacter 14. Mycobacteria n. prosthecae 15. Methanogen o. fried egg 1.h 2.g 3.1 4.a 5.j 6.f 7.m 8.n 9.d 10.k 11.c 12.f 13.o 14.b 15.e Test 5: Eukaryotes ■Multiple Choice (choose one answer) l. Fungi are considered heterotrophic because they obtain nutrition through: ■. phagocytosis ■. endocytosis ■. adsorption ■. photosynthesis 2. The separation between filamentous fungal cells are referred to as: ■. cell walls ■. septa ■. chitin ■. side walls 3. Fungi that can appear as a yeast or filamentous are referred to as: ■. Fungi imperfecti ■. Fungi perfecti ■. cheterotrophic fungi ■. dimorphic fungi 4. Thick walled spores formed within fungal cells are called: ■. arthrospores ■. sporangiospores ■. blastospores ■. chlamydospores 5. Asexual fungal spores that are formed from fragmented hyphae are called: ■. arthrospores ■. sporangiospores ■. ascospores ■. chlamydospores 6. Asexual fungal spores formed within a sac-like structure are called: ■. arthrospores ■. sporangiospores ■. blastospores ■. ascospores 7. Sexual fungal spores formed within a sac-like structure are called: ■. chlamydospores ■. sporangiospores ■. blastospores ■. ascospores 8. Which of the following classes of fungi cause hypertrophy of cells similar to the bacterium A. tumifaciens? ■. Oomycetes ■. Ascomycetes ■. Chytridiomycetes ■. Deuteromycetes 9. Which of the following fungi are motile by two flagella? ■. Oomycetes ■. Ascomycetes ■. Chytridiomycetes ■. Deuteromycetes 10. Common bread mold is caused by Rhizopus stolonifer which is a: ■. Deuteromycete ■. Ascomycete ■. Basidiomycete ■. Zygomycete 11. Ascomycetes can be differentiated from zygomycetes since the ascomycetes have hyphae. ■. septated ■. aseptated 12. Which of the following fungi have a sexual reproductive phase? ■. Coccidiodes ■. Histoplasma ■. Aspergillus ■. Alternaria 13. Which class of fungi do not have a sexual reproductive phase? ■. Deuteromycete ■. Ascomycete ■. Basidiomycete ■. Zygomycete 14. The cell structures of bracket fungi are referred to as: ■. septa ■. basidiocarp ■. anteridium ■. Zygomycet 15. The toxin from which of the following mushrooms inhibits polymerase activity? ■. Agaricus bisporous ■. Ischnorderma resinosum ■. anteridium ■. Zygomycet 16. The common mushroom belongs to which group of fungi? ■. Ascomycetes ■. Basidiomycetes ■. Chytridiomycetes ■. Deuteromycetes 17. Which of the following Deuteromycetes are often colored green and the conidiospores are arranged in a brush shape? ■. Penicillium ■. Alternaria ■. Coccidiodes ■. Geotrichum 18. All of the following algae are green with the exception of ■. Euglena ■. Volvox ■. Spirogyra ■. Nemalion 19. Which algae contain a red pigmented area known as the eyespot? ■. Euglenoids ■. Chlorophycophyta ■. Rhodophycophyta ■. Phaeophycophyta 20. The outer layer of Euglena is called: ■. cell wall ■. fmstule ■. pellicle ■. blade 21. Xanthophyll pigments give algae a color. ■. red ■. blue ■. yellow ■. green 22. Which of the following algae are closer phylogenetically to higher plants? ■. brown algae ■. yellow-green algae ■. red algae ■. green algae 23. The storage material, paramylon, is made in which of the following groups of algae? ■. euglenoid ■. red algae ■. green algae ■. brown algae 24. The mouth of a ciliated protozoa is called a: ■. phagosome ■. cytosome ■. lysosome ■. porosome 25. Sarcodina are protozoa that are propelled by: ■. flagella ■. cilia ■. pseudopodia ■. they are technically nonmotile 26. Trypanosomes belong to which group of protozoa: ■. flagellates ■. pseudopodia formers ■. ciliates ■. spore formers 27. Plasmodium is grouped as a: ■. flagellates ■. pseudopodia formers ■. ciliates ■. spore formers 28. The mature form of spore forming protozoa are called: ■. protozoites ■. sporozoites ■. trophozoites ■. cytozoite 29. Paramecium are classified as: ■. flagellates ■. pseudopodia formers ■. ciliates ■. spore formers 30. The resting stage of a protozoa are called: ■. trophozoites ■. sporozoites ■. saprozoites ■. cysts ■Fill in the Blank 1. Unicellular fungi are called ______. 2. Filamentous fungi form branching structures called ______. 3. The most common form of reproduction in yeasts occurs by ______. 4.Silica is found in the cell wall of ______. 5. The external structures of mushrooms are referred to as _______. 6. The growth of fungi can be expressed by _____. 7. Red tide is caused by a toxin released