ASME_SB-359-2007_带内鳍的铜和铜合金无缝冷凝器和热交换器管子

2007 SECTION II, PART B SB-359 SPECIFICATION FOR COPPER AND COPPER-ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER AND HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES WITH INTEGRAL FINS SB-359 (Identical with ASTM Specification B 359-95 for the alloys covered except for editorial differences. Certification has been made mandatory.) 1. Scope 1.1 This specification describes seamless copper and copper alloy tubing on which the external or internal sur- face, or both, has been modified by a cold-forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evapora- tors, and heat exchangers and are normally made from the following copper or copper alloys: Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. Type of Metal C12200 DHP phosphorized, high residual phosphorus C44300 Admiralty Metal Types B, C44400 C, and C44500 D C70600 90-10 Copper-Nickel C71000 80-20 Copper-Nickel Type A C71500 70-30 Copper-Nickel NOTE 1 — Refer to Practice E 527 for explanation of Unified Numbering System (UNS). 1.2 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. 1.2.1 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 2 — A complete metric companion, B 359M, has been developed; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: B 153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing 481 B 154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper and Copper Alloys B 170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Cop- per — Refinery Shapes B 359M Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Seam- less Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins [Metric] E 3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance With Specifications E 53 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper E 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and Copper Alloys (Photometric Methods) E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size E 118 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper- Chromium Alloys E 243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami- nation of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes E 255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition E 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper Alloys E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS) 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 flattening — this term shall be interpreted as that condition which allows a micrometer caliper, set at three times the wall thickness, to pass over the tube freely throughout the flattened part, except at the points where the change in element of flattening takes place. 3.1.2 lengths — straight pieces of the product. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/23/2007 02:18:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --````,,`````,`,`,,,```,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- SB-359 2007 SECTION II, PART B 3.1.2.1 lengths, specific — straight lengths that are uniform in length, as specified, and subject to established length tolerances. 3.1.3 tube, seamless — a tube produced with a contin- uous periphery in all stages of operation. 3.1.3.1 tube, condenser — See tube, heat exchanger. 3.1.3.2 tube, heat exchanger — a tube manufac- tured to special requirements as to dimensional tolerances, finish, and temper for use in condensers and other heat exchangers. 3.1.3.3 tube, heat exchangers with integral enhanced surface — a tube having an external or internal surface, or both, modified by a cold forming operation, to produce an enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The enhancement may take the form of longitudinal or helical fins or ridges, or both, as well as modifications thereto. 3.1.4 unaided eye — corrective spectacles necessary to obtain normal vision may be used. 4. Ordering Information 4.1 Purchase for tubes described in this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the tubes adequately. 4.1.1 ASME designation and year of issue, 4.1.2 Alloy, 4.1.3 Temper, 4.1.4 Dimensions: diameter, wall thickness, length and location of unenhanced surfaces, and total tube length. Configuration of enhanced surfaces shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser (Refer to Figs. 1, 2, and 3), 4.1.5 Whether the product is to be subsequently welded, 4.1.6 Quantity, 4.1.7 Certification, which is mandatory, 4.1.8 Mill test report, when required, 4.1.9 When heat identification or traceability is required. 5. General Requirements 5.1 Tubes covered by this specification shall normally be furnished with unenhanced ends, but may be furnished with enhanced ends or stripped ends from which the outside diameter enhancement has been removed by machining. 482 FIG. 1 OUTSIDE DIAMETER ENHANCED TUBE NOMENCLATURE Note—The outside diameter over the enhanced section will not normally exceed the outside diameter of the unenhanced section. d do dr di xp xf tt = = = = = = = outside diameter of unenhanced section outside diameter of the enhanced section root diameter of the enhanced section inside diameter of the enhanced section wall thickness of the unenhanced section wall thickness of the enhanced section transition taper di xfxp tt d dr do 5.1.1 The enhanced sections of the tube in the as- fabricated temper are in the cold-worked condition pro- duced by the enhancing operation. The unenhanced sec- tions of the tube shall be in the annealed or light drawn temper, and shall be suitable for rolling-in operations. 6. Materials and Manufacture 6.1 The material shall be of such quality and purity that the finished products shall conform to the requirements prescribed in this specification and shall be cold-worked to the specified size. To comply with this specification, the enhanced and unenhanced material must be homogeneous. 6.2 Due to the discontinuous nature of the processing of castings into wrought products, it is not practical to identify specific casting analysis with a specific quantity of finished material. 6.3 When heat identification is required, the purchaser shall specify the details desired in the purchase order or contract. 7. Chemical Composition 7.1 The tubes shall conform to the chemical require- ments specified in Table 1. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/23/2007 02:18:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` ` ` , , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , , ` ` ` , , , ` , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - 2007 SECTION II, PART B SB-359 FIG. 2 OUTSIDE DIAMETER AND INSIDE DIAMETER ENHANCED TUBE NOMENCLATURE d do dr di xp xf tt = = = = = = = outside diameter of unenhanced section outside diameter over the enhanced section root diameter of the enhanced section inside diameter of the enhanced section wall thickness of the unenhanced section wall thickness of the enhanced section transition taper d xp dodr di xf tt FIG. 3 INSIDE DIAMETER ENHANCED TUBE NOMENCLATURE O.D. O.D. Bottom wall Ridge height Helix angle H deg360 deg N TABLE 1 CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS Copper Composition, % or Copper Nickel, Other Alloy incl Lead, Man- Named UNS No. CopperA Tin Aluminum Cobalt Max. Iron Zinc ganese Arsenic Antimony Phosphorus Chromium Elements C12200 99.9 min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015–0.040 . . . . . . C44300 70.0–73.0 0.9–1.2 . . . . . . 0.07 0.06 max. Remainder . . . 0.02–0.06 . . . . . . . . . . . . C44400 70.0–73.0 0.9–1.2 . . . . . . 0.07 0.06 max. Remainder . . . . . . 0.02–0.10 . . . . . . . . . C44500 70.0–73.0 0.9–1.2 . . . . . . 0.07 0.06 max. Remainder . . . . . . . . . 0.02–0.10 . . . . . . C70600 Remainder . . . . . . 9.0–11.0 0.05 1.0–1.8 1.0 max.B 1.0 max. . . . . . . B . . . B C71000 Remainder . . . . . . 19.0–23.0 0.05 0.50–1.0 1.0 max.B 1.0 max. . . . . . . B . . . B C71500 Remainder . . . . . . 29.0–33.0 0.05 0.40–1.0 1.0 max.B 1.0 max. . . . . . . B . . . B A Copper (including silver). B When the product is for subsequent welding applications, and so specified in the contract or purchase order, zinc shall be 0.50% max., lead 0.02%, phosphorus 0.02% max., sulfur and carbon 0.05% max. 483 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/23/2007 02:18:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` ` ` , , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , , ` ` ` , , , ` , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - SB-359 2007 SECTION II, PART B TABLE 2 TENSILE REQUIREMENTS Tensile Yield Temper Designation Strength, Strength,B Min. Min. Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. Standard Former ksiA ksiA C12200 O61 Annealed 30 9C C12200 H55 Light-drawn 36 30 C44300, C44400, C44500 O61 Annealed 45 15 C70600 O61 Annealed 40 15 C71000 O61 Annealed 45 16 C71500 O61 Annealed 52 18 A ksi p 1000 psi. B At 0.5% extension under load. C Light straightening operation is permitted. 7.2 These specification limits do not preclude the pres- ence of other elements. Limits for unnamed elements may be established by agreement between manufacturer or sup- plier and purchaser. 7.2.1 For alloys in which copper is specified as the remainder, copper may be taken as the difference between the sum of the results for all specified elements and 100% for the particular alloy. 7.2.1.1 When analyzed, copper plus the sum of results for specified elements shall be as shown in the following table. Copper Plus Named Copper Alloy UNS No. Elements, % min C70600 99.5 C71000 99.5 C71500 99.5 7.2.2 For alloys in which zinc is specified as the remainder, either copper or zinc may be taken as the differ- ence between the sum of the results of specified elements analyzed and 100%. 7.2.2.1 When all specified elements are deter- mined the sum of results plus copper shall be as follows: Copper Plus Named Copper Alloy UNS No. Elements, % Min. C44300 99.6 C44400 99.6 C44500 99.6 8. Temper 8.1 The tube after enhancing shall be supplied, as speci- fied, in the annealed or as-fabricated temper. 8.1.1 The enhanced sections of tubes in the as-fabri- cated temper are in the cold-worked condition produced by the fabricating operation. 484 8.1.2 The unenhanced sections of tubes in the as- fabricated temper are in the temper of the tube prior to enhancing, annealed or light drawn, and suitable for roll- ing-in operations. 8.1.3 Copper alloys C44300, C44400, and C44500, furnished in the as-fabricated temper, must be stress relief annealed after enhancing and be capable of meeting the requirements of the mercurous nitrate test in section 12. Stress relief annealing of the copper and other copper alloys described by this specification is not required. 8.1.3.1 Some annealed tubes, when subjected to aggressive environments, may be subject to stress-corro- sion cracking failure because of the residual tensile stresses developed in straightening. For such applications, it is rec- ommended that tubes of copper alloys C44300, C44400, and C44500, be subjected to a stress relieving thermal treatment subsequent to straightening. When required, this must be specified on the purchase order or contract. Toler- ance for roundness and length, and the condition for straightness, for tube so ordered, shall be to the require- ments agreed upon between the manufacturer and pur- chaser. 8.1.4 The enhanced sections of tubes in the annealed temper shall show complete recrystallization when exam- ined in the cross-section of the tube at a magnification of 75 diameters. Average grain size shall be within the limits agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser, when measured in the wall of the tube outside of the enhanced area. 9. Tensile Properties 9.1 Prior to the enhancing operations, the tube shall conform to the requirements for tensile properties pre- scribed in Table 2. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/23/2007 02:18:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` ` ` , , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , , ` ` ` , , , ` , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - 2007 SECTION II, PART B SB-359 TABLE 3 EXPANSION REQUIREMENTS Expansion of Tube Temper Designation Outside Diameter in Copper or Copper Alloy Percent of Original Standard Former UNS No. Outside Diameter O61 Annealed C12200 30 H55 Light-drawn C12200 20 061 Annealed C44300, C44400, C44500 20 061 Annealed C70600 30 061 Annealed C71000 30 061 Annealed C71500 30 10. Expansion Test 10.1 The unenhanced sections of all tubes selected for test shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3 when tested in accordance with B 153. The expanded tube shall show no cracking or rupture visible to the unaided eye. 11. Flattening Test 11.1 The unenhanced lengths of tube selected for tests shall be flattened on different elements and a flattened element shall show no cracking or rupture visible to the unaided eye. (Corrective spectacles necessary to obtain normal vision may be used.) 12. Mercurous Nitrate Test 12.1 Each specimen shall withstand an immersion in the mercurous nitrate solution as prescribed in Test Method B 154 without cracking. The enhanced specimens shall include the finished tube ends. 12.2 This test is required only for copper alloys C44300, C44400, and C44500. 13. Nondestructive Testing 13.1 Each tube shall be subjected to a nondestructive test. Tubes shall normally be tested in the as-fabricated temper, but, at the option of the manufacturer, may be tested in the annealed temper. Unless otherwise specified, the manufacturer shall have the option of testing the tubes by one of the following test methods. 13.1.1 Eddy-Current Test — The tubes shall be passed through an eddy-current testing unit adjusted per the requirements of 19.3.3 to provide information on the suitability of the tube for the intended application. 13.1.1.1 Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of moisture, soil, and like effects may be reconditioned and retested. Such tubes shall be considered to conform, should they not cause output signals beyond the acceptable limits. 485 13.1.1.2 Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of visible and identifiable handling marks may be retested by the hydrostatic test prescribed in 13.1.2 or the pneumatic test prescribed in 13.1.3. 13.1.1.3 Unless otherwise agreed, tubes meeting the requirements of either test shall be considered to con- form if the tube dimensions are within the prescribed limits. 13.1.2 Hydrostatic Test — Each tube, without show- ing evidence of leakage, shall withstand an internal hydro- static pressure sufficient to subject the material in the unenhanced region of the tube to a fiber stress of 7000 psi, as determined by the following equation for thin hollow cylinders under tension. P p 2St/(D − 0.8t) where: P p hydrostatic pressure, psig t p thickness of tube wall, in. D p outside diameter of tube, in. S p allowable fiber stress of the material, psi The tube need not be tested at a hydrostatic pressure of over 1000 psi, unless so specified. 13.1.3 Pneumatic Test — Each tube, after enhancing, shall withstand a minimum internal air pressure of 250 psig for 5 s and any evidence of leakage shall be cause for rejection. The test method used shall permit easy visual detection of any leakage, such as having the tube under water, or by the pressure differential method. 14. Dimensions and Permissible Variations 14.1 Diameter — The outside diameter of the unen- hanced sections shall not vary by more than the amount shown in Table 4, as measured by “go” and “no go” ring gages. The diameter over the enhanced sections shall not exceed the diameter of the plain sections involved, as deter- mined by a “go” ring gage unless otherwise specified. 14.2 Wall Thickness — No tube shall be less than the minimum thickness specified in the plain sections or in the enhanced sections. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/23/2007 02:18:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` ` ` , , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , , ` ` ` , , , ` , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - SB-359 2007 SECTION II, PART B TABLE 4 DIAMETER TOLERANCES Specified Diameter, in. Tolerance, in. 0.500 and under ±0.002 Over 0.500–0.740, incl ±0.0025 Over 0.740–1.000, incl ±0.003 TABLE 5 LENGTH TOLERANCES Specified Length, ft Tolerance, All Plus, in. Up to 20, incl 1⁄8 Over 20–30, incl 5⁄32 Over 30–60, incl 1⁄4 TABLE 6 SQUARENESS OF CUT Specified Outside Diameter, in. Tolerance Up to 5⁄8, incl 0.010 in. Over 5⁄8 0.016 in./in. of diameter 14.3 Length — The length of the tubes shall not be less than that specified when measured at a temperature of 68°F, but may exceed the specified value by the amounts given in Table 5. 14.3.1 The length of the unenhanced end(s) as mea- sured from the tube end to the first fin disk impression, shall not be less than that specified, but may exceed the specified value by 1⁄2 in. 14.4 Squareness of Cut — The departure from square- ness of the end of any tube shall not exceed the values given in Table 6. 15. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 15.1 Roundness, straightness, uniformity of wall thick- ness, and condition of inner and outer surfaces of the tube shall be such as to make it suitable for the intended application. Unless otherwise specified on the purchase order, the cut ends of the tubes shall be deburred by use of a rotating wire wheel or other suitable tool. 15.2 Annealed-temper or stress-relieved tubes shall be clean and smooth but may have a superficial, dull iridescent 486 film on both the inside and the outside surface. Tubes in the as-fabricated temper may have a superficial film of finning lubricant on the surfaces. 16. Sampling 16.1 The lot size, portion size, and selection of sample pieces shall be as follows: 16.1.1 Lot Size — 600 tubes or 10 000 lbs or fraction of either, whichever constitutes the greater weight. 16.1.2 Portion Size — Sections from two individual lengths of finished product. 16.1.2.1 Samples taken for purposes of test shall be selected in a manner that will correctly represent the material furnished and avoid needless destruction of fin- ished material when samples representative of the material are available from other sources. 16.2 Chemical Composition — Samples for determining composition shall be taken in accordance with Practice E 255. The minimum weight of the composite sample shall be 150 g. 16.2.1 Instead of sampling in accordance with Prac- tice E 255, the manufacturer shall have the option of sam- pling at the time castings are poured or sampling the semi- finished product. When samples are taken during the course of manufacture, sampling of the finished product is not required and the minimum number of samples to be taken shall be as follows: 16.2.1.1 When samples are taken at the time cast- ings are poured, one sample shall be taken for each group of castings poured simultaneously from the same source of molten metal. 16.2.1.2 When samples are taken from the semi- finished product, one sample shall be taken to represent each 10 000 lbs or fraction thereof, except that not more than one sample shall be required per piece.