叙事医学

nullUnit 11 Narrative and medicineUnit 11 Narrative and medicine叙事和医学背景介绍背景介绍叙事医学(narrative medicine)，是由美国哥伦比亚大学内外科医学院的普通内科医师和临床医学教授 Rita Charon医师于 2001年在美国医学协会期刊 (2001)提出的新名词，主要是用于探讨文学与医学的关系，或者更确切的说是文学叙事能力对于医学的积极意义。 Charon对于这方面的研究始于上世纪 90年代，随着对文学研究的深入， Charon发现文学与其医学实践存在着某种关系，或者更为确切的说，文学能帮助她做一个更好的医生。其实在美国的医学教育领域，这种将医学与文学结合，打破医生与病人之间隔膜的“叙事医学”已经存在三四十年了。但是它的蓬勃发展是在还是在 2001年当 Rita Charon通过一系列的论文将其理论化之后。nullnullnull单词讲解单词讲解1.Sequence n. [数][计] 序列；顺序；续发事件 vt. 按顺序排好 He described the events of that day in sequence. 他按先后次序描述了那一天发生的种种事件。 In her diary, she often sequences the events which have happened that day. 2. Colleague： 同事 college：大学，学院 3. therapy n. 治疗，疗法 therapeutic adj. 治疗的；治疗学的；有益于健康的 therapeutical adj. 治疗的；治疗学的（等于therapeutic） therapeutically adv. 在治疗上；有疗效地 4. Revolve vt. 使…旋转；使…循环；反复考虑 The planets revolve around the sun. 行星绕着太阳运转。 He revolved the main points in his mind. 他在心里反复思考了各个重要的方面。 5. Render v.使得,使成为 His stammer rendered him unfit for a teaching job. 他的口吃毛病使他不宜担任教职。 给予, 提供 We are ready to render them assistance. 我们乐意援助他们。 null交回,归还 She rendered back his money. 她归还了他的钱。 表达,描绘 In English the future tense is often rendered by means of auxiliaries. 在英语中,将来时常用助动词来表现。 翻译,移译 This sentence can not be literally rendered. 这个句子不能直译。 6.cause n.原因;起因 causality n. 因果关系 7. deduce vt. 推论，推断；演绎出 On the basis of the evidence we deduce that he is guilty.根据这些证据，我们推论他是有罪的。 8. implicit adj. 含蓄的；暗示的；盲从的 explicit adj. 明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的 9. literacy n. 读写能力；精通文学 illteracy n. 文盲；无知 literate adj. 受过教育的；精通文学的 literature n. 文学；文献；文艺；著作 10. formula n. 公式，准则 formulate vt. 用公式表示；明确地表达；规划 课文讲解课文讲解1. biopsychology [,baiəsai'kɔlədʒi]生物心理学 biopsychological biopsychosocial 生物心理社会的 2. Dominican [də'minikən] adj. 多明尼加共和国的 n. 多明尼加共和国的居民 3. be absorbed in 全神贯注于…… He is absorbed in a book. 他全神贯注于一本书。 4. Without the telling, not only the treatment, but also the suffering, might be fragment. — Without the patient’s telling about all related to his illness, the doctor cannot make a general picture of the illness and the understanding of the patient’s suffering may also be incomplete. 5. layman: 门外汉 lay audience: the audience who know little about the medical field.null6. By rendering whole that which they observe and undergo… Rendering :representing whole修饰that, that 在这儿是名词。Which 是后面定语从句的引导词。 7. A disease has a characteristic time course, a complex mixture of causality and contingency, singular differences from and generic sameness to related diseases, a textual tradition within which it can be understood, and even a metaphorical system that reveals it( consider, for example, the complex metaphorical meanings of the word “immunity”). A disease是句子的主语，has 是谓语动词，后面的红色字体是宾语部分。红色加粗的是宾语中的定语从句。整个句子的翻译是这样的：每种疾病都有一段特殊的时间过程，是有因果联系的复合体，它只是在某一方面与其它相关疾病不同，但总体上类似，它就像文本中的某一部分，只有在文本的环境中才能被理解，它甚至就像一个比喻系统，本身就显示了它的意思(例如，思考一下“免疫”一词的比喻意义）。 8. Narrative competence includes an awareness of the ethical complexity of the relationship between teller and listener, a relationship marked by duty toward privileged knowledge and gratitude for being heard. privileged knowledge指的是医生听到的病人的叙事，是对于医生这方面的；而gratitude指的是病人由于被倾听而所表达的感激，指的是病人方面。nullPerhaps strenghening the narrative competence of doctors might help them to achieve such elusive goals as humanism and professionalism by providing them with graduated skills in adopting patients’ points of view, imagining what they endure, deducing what they need and reflecting on what the physicians themselves undergo in caring for patients. 红色的字体是介词in的宾语，他们是并列的关系。 10. federally funded reseach projects: 由联邦政府基金支持的研究项目 11. are just now being tracked:正在走人正轨 12. 外科医生：surgeon 内科医生：internist, physician 临床医生：clinician 从业者：practitioner 专业人员：professional