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二级口译材料加中贸易理事会演讲非常高兴出席今天的午餐会。首先,我要感谢加中贸易理事会的热情邀请和周到安排,使我有机会同各位新老朋友见面。长期以来,在座各位为增进中加两国人民相互了解和友谊、推动两国关系改善和发展作出了积极努力。我对此表示衷心感谢。Iamdelightedtojoinyouatthisluncheon.IwanttothanktheCanadaChinaBusinessCouncil(CCBC)foritskindinvitationandwarmhospitality.Itisarealpleasuretome...

二级口译材料
加中贸易理事会演讲非常高兴出席今天的午餐会。首先,我要感谢加中贸易理事会的热情邀请和周到安排,使我有机会同各位新老朋友见面。长期以来,在座各位为增进中加两国人民相互了解和友谊、推动两国关系改善和发展作出了积极努力。我对此表示衷心感谢。Iamdelightedtojoinyouatthisluncheon.IwanttothanktheCanadaChinaBusinessCouncil(CCBC)foritskindinvitationandwarmhospitality.Itisarealpleasuretomeetallofyou,friendsbotholdandnew.Foryears,youhaveworkedhardtoenhancemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenourtwopeoplesandpromotebilateralrelationsbetweenourtwocountries.Letmetakethisopportunitytoexpresssincerethanksforwhatyouhavedone.我首次访问加拿大是在30多年前。当时,我从事外交工作不久,作为一个中方代表团的工作人员访问贵国。加拿大热情的人民、广袤的土地、优美的环境给我留下了深刻印象。后来由于工作关系,我多次来访。此次是我担任中国外长以来首次访加,故地重游,倍感亲切。我这次来访是为了与加方就中加关系和共同关心的问题深入交换意见,增加了解,扩大共识,深化合作,推动两国关系进一步改善和发展。昨天,我同坎农外长举行了会谈,并会见了金塞拉参议长。今天上午,我分别会见了哈珀总理和自由党领袖伊格纳蒂夫先生。我们谈得很好,访问取得了积极成果。IfirstvisitedCanadamorethan30yearsago.ThatwasshortlyafterIjoinedtheforeignserviceandIcamehereasastaffmemberofaChinesedelegation.Iwasdeeplyimpressedbyyourwarmpeople,vastlandmassandbeautifulscenery.Lateron,myworkbroughtmehereseveraltimes.YetthisismyfirstvisittoCanadaastheChineseForeignMinisteranditisnicetobebackagain.Thepurposeofmyvisitistocontinueourin-depthdiscussionsonbilateralrelationsandotherissuesofmutualinterest,increaseunderstanding,buildconsensus,deepencooperation,andpushforcontinuedimprovementandgrowthofourbilateralties.Yesterday,IhadtalkswithMinisterCannon,andmetwiththeHonorableNoëlA.Kinsella,SpeakeroftheSenate.Andthismorning,IhadseparatemeetingswiththeRightHonorablePrimeMinisterStephenHarperandtheHonorableMichaelIgnatieff,LeaderoftheLiberalParty.Thetalksandmeetingswentverywell,makingmyvisitaveryproductiveone.中加关系源远流长。一百多年前,中国劳工来到加拿大,为修筑横贯这个国家东西部的“太平洋铁路”作出了不可磨灭的贡献。第二次世界大战期间,中加两国人民并肩抗击法西斯。白求恩大夫的英雄 事迹 优秀志愿者事迹材料平安创建事迹材料优秀班集体事迹材料工会先进集体事迹材料优秀教师事迹300字 在中国家喻户晓,他毫不利己、专门利人的国际主义精神永远激励着世界上爱好和平的人们。上世纪60年代初,加拿大在西方国家中率先开展对华贸易,出口小麦到中国,向中国人民提供了宝贵支持。1970年,中加实现建交,加拿大成为最早与新中国建交的西方国家之一,两国关系由此揭开了新篇章。RelationsbetweenChinaandCanadahavealonghistory.Morethan100yearsago,ChineseworkerscametoCanadaandmadeindeliblecontributiontothebuildingofthePacificRailwaythatextendsfromtheeasttothewestofCanada.DuringWorldWarII,peopleofourtwocountriesfoughtsidebysideagainstthefascists.TheheroicdeedsofDr.NormanBethunearerememberedbyalltheChinesepeople.Hisinternationalistspirit,hisdedicationtotheserviceofothers,hasalwaysbeenasourceofinspirationtothepeace-lovingpeopleoftheworld.Intheearly1960s,CanadabecamethefirstWesterncountrytoconducttradewithChina,exportingwheattomycountry.ThatwasavaluablesupporttotheChinesepeople.In1970,thetwocountriesestablisheddiplomaticrelationsandCanadabecameoneofthefirstWesterncountriestoestablishdiplomatictieswiththePeople'sRepublicofChina,openinganewchapterinChina-Canadarelations.胡锦涛“金砖四国”讲话很高兴在美丽的叶卡捷琳堡同各位相聚,就共同关心的重大问题交换看法,共商加强我们四国合作和发展大计。首先,我谨对梅德韦杰夫总统和俄罗斯政府的盛情邀请和周到安排,表示衷心的感谢!ItgivesmegreatpleasuretojoinyouinthebeautifulcityofYekaterinburgandexchangeviewswithyouonmajorissuesofcommoninterestandwaystopromotecooperationanddevelopmentofourfourcountries.LetmefirstexpresssincerethankstoPresidentMedvedevandtheRussianGovernmentforthekindinvitationandthoughtfularrangements.当今世界,世界多极化和经济全球化深入发展,科技进步日新月异,各国相互依存不断加深,加强对话、深化合作、实现共赢已成为处理国际事务的主旋律。然而,国际金融危机仍在蔓延深化,形形色色的保护主义抬头,世界经济陷入衰退,南北差距持续扩大。与此同时,气候变化、粮食安全、能源资源安全、公共卫生安全问题突出,恐怖主义、大规模杀伤性武器扩散、有组织跨国犯罪等全球性挑战依然严峻。Weliveatatimewhenthetrendtowardamulti-polarworldandeconomicglobalizationisgainingmomentum.Scienceandtechnologyareadvancingbyleapsandbounds,andcountriesareincreasinglyinterdependent.Enhanceddialogueanddeepercooperationforwin-winprogresshasbecomethemainapproachinhandlinginternationalaffairs.Ontheotherhand,however,theinternationalfinancialcrisisisstillspreadinganddeepening,protectionismofvariouskindsisontherise,theworldeconomyhasslidintorecession,andtheNorth-Southgapiswidening.Wearefacedwithsuchprominentissuesasclimatechange,foodsecurity,energyandresourcesecurity,andpublichealthsecurity.Globalchallengessuchasterrorism,thespreadofweaponsofmassdestructionandorganizedtransnationalcrimeremainassevereasever.作为主要新兴市场国家,“金砖四国”人口占世界总人口的42%,国内生产总值占世界总量的14.6%,贸易额占全球贸易额的12.8%,按购买力平价计算对世界经济增长的贡献率已超过50%。我们四国国情不同,但都肩负着维护世界和平、携手应对传统和非传统安全威胁的重大使命,都承载着加快经济社会发展、提高人民生活水平的重大责任,都面临着维护发展中国家权益、推动国际金融体系改革的重大课题。Asmajoremergingmarkets,BRICcountriesaccountfor42%oftheworld’spopulation,14.6%oftheworld’sGDPand12.8%ofglobaltrade.OurcombinedcontributioninPPPtermstoworldeconomicgrowthexceeds50%.Thefourcountrieshavedifferentnationalconditions,butweallshouldertheimportantmissionofmaintainingworldpeaceandjointlymanagingtraditionalandnon-traditionalsecuritythreats.Weallhavetheheavyresponsibilityofacceleratingeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandimprovingpeople’slivelihood.Andweallfacethemajortaskofsafeguardingtherightsandinterestsofdevelopingcountriesandadvancingreformoftheinternationalfinancialsystem.联合国发展高级别会议讲话今年是联合国千年发展目标中期审评年。此时召开非洲发展高级别会议,有助于各方回顾对非洲发展承诺的落实情况,评估非洲发展的需求与挑战,帮助和推动非洲加快发展,具有特殊意义。Thisyearistheyearofmid-termreviewoftheUNMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs).Itisofspecialsignificancethatwearehavingthehigh-levelmeetingonAfrica'sdevelopmentneedsatthistime,asthiswillhelpallpartiesreviewthedeliveryoftheircommitmentstoAfrica'sdevelopment,evaluateAfrica'sdevelopmentneedsandchallengesandofferassistanceandsupporttotheaccelerateddevelopmentofAfrica.当今世界,求和平、谋稳定、促发展是各国人民的共同心愿。然而,天下并不太平,传统热点依旧,新的冲突时有发生,恐怖威胁、疾病传播、环境恶化、贫富加剧等非传统安全问题日益突出。经济全球化给发展中国家带来机遇,也造成挑战。Intoday'sworld,peace,stabilityanddevelopmentarethesharedaspirationofpeopleofallcountries.However,theworldisnottrouble-free.Whiletraditionalhotspotissuesremainunresolved,newconflictsbreakoutfromtimetotime.Non-traditionalsecurityissuesaregrowingmoreserious,includingterroristthreats,spreadofdiseases,environmentaldegradationandwideningincomegaps.Economicglobalizationpresentsbothopportunitiesandchallengestodevelopingcountries.近年来,非洲和平安全形势不断改善,区域合作和一体化进程稳步推进。非洲经济保持了较快增长,贸易条件有所改善,债务负担进一步减轻,政府治理能力不断加强。非洲发展的步伐正在加快,势头令人鼓舞。同时,非洲在前进的道路上仍面临艰巨挑战:和平稳定局面亟待进一步巩固;农业基础和粮食安全有待继续加强;基础设施薄弱、发展资金匮乏、外债负担沉重影响着投资环境的改善,制约着自主发展能力的提升;医疗卫生、文化教育等社会事业的严重滞后也阻碍着人民生活水平的提高。Inrecentyears,thepeaceandsecuritysituationinAfricahaskeptimprovingandsteadyprogresshasbeenmadeinregionalcooperationanditsintegrationprocess.Africahasmaintainedfairlyrapideconomicgrowth.Itstermsoftradehaveimproved,itsdebtburdeneasedfurtheranditsgovernancecapacitystrengthened.Africaisnowshowinganencouragingmomentumofaccelerateddevelopment.Atthesametime,Africaisstillfacedwithdauntingchallengesonthewayahead.Itspeaceandstabilityneedtobeconsolidated,anditsagriculturalbasisandfoodsecurityneedtobestrengthened.Itsweakinfrastructure,lackofdevelopmentfinanceandheavyburdenofexternaldebtaffecttheimprovementofitsinvestmentclimateandindependentdevelopmentcapacity.Theseriousshortfallsinsocialservicessuchashealthandmedicalcare,cultureandeducationalsomakeitmoredifficulttoimprovepeople'slivingstandards.博鳌亚洲论坛演讲很高兴参加博鳌亚洲论坛2009年年会。首先,我谨代表中国政府对年会的召开表示热烈的祝贺!对各位来宾表示诚挚的欢迎!本届年会把“经济危机与亚洲:挑战和展望”作为主题,对于凝聚共识、增强信心、深化合作、战胜危机,具有十分重要的意义。我衷心祝愿本届年会取得圆满成功!IamdelightedtobehereattheBoaoForumforAsiaAnnualConference2009.Letmebeginbyextending,onbehalfoftheChineseGovernment,warmcongratulationsontheopeningoftheconferenceandaheartywelcometoalltheguestspresent.Thisconference,with"Asia:ManagingBeyondCrisis"asitstheme,isahighlyimportantone.Itwillcontributetooureffortstobuildconsensus,strengthenconfidence,deepencooperationandovercomethecrisis.Iwishtheconferenceagreatsuccess.2008年9月以来,世界经济遭受了上世纪大萧条以来最为严峻的挑战。各国纷纷采取措施,应对国际金融危机的严重冲击。中国政府及时果断调整宏观经济政策,实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,迅速出台促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ,对缓解经济运行中的突出矛盾、增强信心、稳定预期,发挥了重要作用。这个一揽子计划最直接、最重要的目标,是扭转经济增速下滑趋势、保持经济平稳较快增长,并力求解决制约中国经济发展的结构性问题,加快转变发展方式,全面提升各种生产要素的质量和水平,为中国经济长远发展打下更加牢固的基础。SincelastSeptember,theworldeconomyhasrunintothemostseriouschallengeseversincetheGreatDepressionofthelastcentury.Countriesaroundtheworldhavetakenstepstocopewiththesevereimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.Inthefaceofthecrisis,theChineseGovernmentmadeswiftanddecisiveadjustmentstoitsmacroeconomicpolicies.Weadoptedaproactivefiscalpolicyandamoderatelyeasymonetarypolicy,andputinplaceapackageplantoensuresteadyandrelativelyfasteconomicgrowth.Thesemeasureshaveprovedessentialforeasingmajorproblemsintheeconomy,shoringupconfidenceandstabilizingexpectations.Themostimmediateandimportantgoalofourpackageplanistoreversetheeconomicdownturnandmaintainsteadyandrelativelyfastgrowth.ItisalsodesignedtoaddressstructuralproblemsconstrainingChina'seconomicdevelopment,speedupthetransformationofgrowthpatternandraisethequalityandperformanceoffactorsofproductioninordertolayamoresolidfoundationforChina'seconomicgrowthinthelongrun.总统告别演说Foreightyears,wehavealsostrivedtoexpandopportunityandhopehereathome.Acrossourcountry,studentsarerisingtomeethigherstandardsinpublicschools.AnewMedicareprescriptiondrugbenefitisbringingpeaceofmindtoseniorsandthedisabled.Everytaxpayerpayslowerincometaxes.Theaddictedandsufferingarefindingnewhopethroughfaith-basedprograms.Vulnerablehumanlifeisbetterprotected.Fundingforourveteranshasnearlydoubled.America'sair,waterandlandsaremeasurablycleaner.Andthefederalbenchincludeswisenewmembers,likeJusticeSamAlitoandChiefJusticeJohnRoberts.过去的八年,我们努力扩大美国人民所拥有的机会与希望。在美国,学生不断上进,以求符合公立学校更高的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 。对于老人和残疾人来说,一种新的医疗处方药福利令他们颇感舒心。每个纳税人缴纳了更少的税款。通过以信仰为基础的治疗项目,那些瘾君子和痛苦的人们找到了新希望。过去八年来的工作更好地保护了人脆弱的生命。对于退伍老兵的补助几乎增加了一倍。美国的一山一水都真切地变得更为干净。睿智的山姆•阿力拓、首席法官约翰•罗伯茨加入到联邦法院中。Whenchallengestoourprosperityemerged,werosetomeetthem.Facingtheprospectofafinancialcollapse,wetookdecisivemeasurestosafeguardoureconomy.Theseareverytoughtimesforhardworkingfamilies,butthetollwouldbefarworseifwehadnotacted.AllAmericansareinthistogether.Andtogether,withdeterminationandhardwork,wewillrestoreoureconomytothepathofgrowth.WewillshowtheworldonceagaintheresilienceofAmerica'sfreeenterprisesystem.当美国的繁荣遇到挑战时,我们勇敢地去面对。当金融危机发生时,我们采取果断措施来保护我们的经济。对于那些辛勤工作的家庭来说,这些都是十分艰难的时期。但是如果我们不采取行动的话,结果将会更为糟糕。所有的美国人都站在了一起。凭借着我们的决心和辛勤工作,我们将美国经济重新拉回到增长的车道上。我们将向世界再次展现美国自由企业制度的复兴。Likeallwhohaveheldthisofficebeforeme,IhaveexperiencedsetbacksandtherearethingsIwoulddodifferently,ifgiventhechance.Yet,I'vealwaysactedwiththebestinterestsofourcountryinmind.IhavefollowedmyconscienceanddonewhatIthoughtwasright.YoumaynotagreewithsometoughdecisionsIhavemade,butIhopeyoucanagreethatIwaswillingtomakethetoughdecisions.Thedecadesaheadwillbringmorehardchoicesforourcountry,andtherearesomeguidingprinciplesthatshouldshapeourcourse.正如所有前任总统一样,我也曾经历过挫折。如果可能的话,我会采取不一样的方式来应对这些措施。但是,我总是为国家利益的最大化来行动。你也许会不同意我所做出的一些决定,但我希望你能理解我是愿意采取这些措施的。未来的几十年,美国将面对更多的艰难抉择,而有一些指导性原则可以塑造我们的道路。能源业应对金融危机上午好!今天,国务院新闻办公室举办关于能源问题的新闻发布会,这是一个为国内外关注的话题。当前应对国际金融危机,以美国为代表的很多国家都把发展新能源作为一个重要的应对举措。GoodMorning!TheStateCouncilInformationOfficeisheretodaytoholdthispressconferenceontheissueofenergy,whichisacommonconcernathomeandabroad.Manycountries,especiallyUSA,havetakenthedevelopmentofthenewenergyasanimportantmeansagainstthecurrentworld-widefinancialturndown.国内能源行业在一定程度上也受到金融危机的影响,能源需求下降,部分企业效益下滑。Sincethebreakoutoftheworld-widefinancialturmoil,energyindustryhasexperiencedacertaindegreeofsufferingswithdemanddropping,investmentgrowthslowingdownandoutcomesofsomeenterprisedeclining.金融危机对能源工作既带来严峻挑战,同时也蕴藏着重大机遇。去年3月经全国人大批准,组建成立了国家能源局。InlastMarch,ChineseNationalPeople'sCongressapprovedtheestablishmentoftheNationalEnergyAdministration.在党中央、国务院的坚强领导下,新组建的国家能源局和能源战线广大干部职工同心协力,共克时艰,在果断应对国际金融危机、拉动内需、提振信心、调整结构、扩大合作等方面,做了大量工作。UnderthefirmleadershipofCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil,thenewlyestablishedNationalEnergyAdministration,togetherwithallotherworkingstaffinenergyindustry,hasbeenworkingcloselyduringhardtimesandhasdonealotofworkinrespectofaddressingfinancialcrisis,increasingdomesticdemand,buildingupconfidenceandadjustingindustrialstructure.亚欧外长会议去年10月,在国际金融危机不断蔓延加剧之际,亚欧会议45方领导人汇集北京参加第七届亚欧首脑会议,本着对话合作、互利共赢的宗旨,深入讨论了合作应对金融危机和气候变化、粮食安全、救灾合作等全球性挑战,达成广泛共识,发表了《关于国际金融形势的声明》、《可持续发展北京宣言》和《主席声明》等成果文件,批准了17项合作倡议,成果丰硕。会议有力地向全世界展示了我们的信心、团结与协作精神。LastOctober,leadersofthe45ASEMpartnersgatheredinBeijingfortheSeventhAsia-EuropeMeetingamidstthespreadingandworseninginternationalfinancialcrisis.Withtheaimofseekingwin-winsolutionthroughvisionandaction,theleadershadin-depthdiscussionsandreachedbroadconsensusonworkingtogethertotackleglobalchallengessuchasthefinancialcrisis,climatechange,foodsecurityanddisasterrelief.Themeetingissuedthreeoutcomedocuments,namely,theStatementontheInternationalFinancialSituation,theBeijingDeclarationonSustainableDevelopmentandtheChair'sStatement,andapproved17newinitiatives.Itwasafruitfulmeetingandfullydemonstratedtothewholeworldourconfidence,unityandcommitmenttocooperation.在全球化深入发展的今天,亚欧是命运紧密相连的共同体。解决亚欧国家共同面临的问题,需要亚欧各方共同努力。为此,我们应进一步加强互信,深化合作,建立更紧密的亚欧新型伙伴关系。Withdeepeningglobalization,thedestiniesofAsiaandEuropehavebeentiedtogether.ToresolvethecommondifficultiesfacingAsiaandEurope,wemustworktogether,deepenmutualtrust,intensifycooperationandbuildanewandcloserAsia-Europepartnership.这种伙伴关系要建立在平等对话,相互理解的基础之上。我们要继续坚持和发扬平等相待、相互尊重、求同存异、扩大共识的精神,理解彼此的社会制度、文化背景,尊重各国主权和自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利,通过平等对话加强互信、增进友谊,共同为亚欧合作创造良好的政治氛围。Tobuildsuchapartnership,weshouldfostermutualunderstandingthroughdialogueonanequalfooting.Weshouldbecommittedtothespiritoftreatingeachotherasequals,respectingeachother,andexpandingcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferences.Weshouldunderstandeachother'ssocialsystemandculturalbackground,respecteachother'ssovereigntyandtherighttoindependentlychoosesocialsystemsanddevelopmentpaths,andenhancemutualtrustandfriendshipthroughdialogueonanequalfooting,thusjointlycreatingafavorablepoliticalatmosphereforAsia-Europecooperation.奥巴马开罗大学演讲Thankyouverymuch.Goodafternoon.IamhonoredtobeinthetimelesscityofCairo,andtobehostedbytworemarkableinstitutions.Foroverathousandyears,Al-AzharhasstoodasabeaconofIslamiclearning;andforoveracentury,CairoUniversityhasbeenasourceofEgypt'sadvancement.Andtogether,yourepresenttheharmonybetweentraditionandprogress.I'mgratefulforyourhospitality,andthehospitalityofthepeopleofEgypt.AndI'malsoproudtocarrywithmethegoodwilloftheAmericanpeople,andagreetingofpeacefromMuslimcommunitiesinmycountry:Assalaamualaykum.非常感谢你们。下午好。我荣幸地来到永恒的开罗古城,荣幸地受到两所著名学府的邀请。爱资哈尔(Al-Azhar)一千多年来一直是一座伊斯兰学术的灯塔,开罗大学(CairoUniversity)一百多年来一直是埃及发展的源泉。你们并肩而立,象征着传统与进步的和谐共进。我对你们的盛情邀请,对埃及人民的盛情邀请表示感谢。我也自豪地带来美国人民的友好情谊,带来我国穆斯林民众的平安问候:“Assalaamualaykum.”("愿你平安。")WemeetatatimeofgreattensionbetweentheUnitedStatesandMuslimsaroundtheworld--tensionrootedinhistoricalforcesthatgobeyondanycurrentpolicydebate.TherelationshipbetweenIslamandtheWestincludescenturiesofcoexistenceandcooperation,butalsoconflictandreligiouswars.Morerecently,tensionhasbeenfedbycolonialismthatdeniedrightsandopportunitiestomanyMuslims,andaColdWarinwhichMuslim-majoritycountriesweretoooftentreatedasproxieswithoutregardtotheirownaspirations.Moreover,thesweepingchangebroughtbymodernityandglobalizationledmanyMuslimstoviewtheWestashostiletothetraditionsofIslam.我们相聚在美国和穆斯林世界之间关系十分紧张的时期──这种紧张关系的历史根源远远超出了当前的任何政策辩论。伊斯兰教与西方世界之间的关系史既包括好几个世纪的共存与合作,也包括冲突和宗教战争。在近代,剥夺众多穆斯林权利和机会的殖民主义,以及穆斯林占主体的国家往往被视为傀儡、对其自身意愿鲜有顾及的冷战,加剧了这种紧张。此外,现代化和全球化带来的巨大变化致使很多穆斯林将西方视为伊斯兰传统的敌人。ViolentextremistshaveexploitedthesetensionsinasmallbutpotentminorityofMuslims.TheattacksofSeptember11,2001andthecontinuedeffortsoftheseextremiststoengageinviolenceagainstcivilianshasledsomeinmycountrytoviewIslamasinevitablyhostilenotonlytoAmericaandWesterncountries,butalsotohumanrights.Allthishasbredmorefearandmoremistrust.暴力极端主义分子利用这种紧张关系煽动穆斯林世界为数不多但很有影响的少数派。9.11袭击事件以及这些极端主义分子不断对平民百姓采用暴力的行径使得我们国家中的一些人认为,伊斯兰教注定不仅与美国和西方国家,而且与人权为敌。所有这一切导致滋生出更多的恐惧,更多的不信任。Solongasourrelationshipisdefinedbyourdifferences,wewillempowerthosewhosowhatredratherthanpeace,thosewhopromoteconflictratherthanthecooperationthatcanhelpallofourpeopleachievejusticeandprosperity.Andthiscycleofsuspicionanddiscordmustend.只要我们之间的关系定位于我们的分歧,我们就会让那些播种仇恨而不是和平,宣扬冲突而不是合作的人得势,而合作会帮助将正义与繁荣带给所有人。我们必须打破这种怀疑与不和的恶性循环。奥巴马的反恐政策Andwewillbeill-servedbysomeofthefear-mongeringthatemergeswheneverwediscussthisissue.Listeningtotherecentdebate,I’veheardwordsthatarecalculatedtoscarepeopleratherthaneducatethem;wordsthathavemoretodowithpoliticsthanprotectingourcountry.SoIwanttotakethisopportunitytolayoutwhatwearedoing,andhowweintendtoresolvetheseoutstandingissues.IwillexplainhoweachactionthatwearetakingwillhelpbuildaframeworkthatprotectsboththeAmericanpeopleandthevaluesthatweholddear.AndIwillfocusontwobroadareas:first,issuesrelatingtoGuantánamoandourdetentionpolicy;second,issuesrelatingtosecurityandtransparency.每当我们讨论这个问题时,总会出现一些散布忧惧情绪的言论,这对我们毫无益处。请注意最近的辩论。我听到一些故意吓唬人们而不是启迪人心的话;一些更多地涉及政治而不是与保护我们国家有关的话。因此我想利用这个机会说明我们正在做哪些事情,我们打算用什么方式解决这些有待处理的问题。我希望说明,我们正在采取的每一项行动如何有助于建设一个框架,既保护美国人民,也保护我们珍视的价值观。我将以两大问题为重点:首先,涉及关塔纳摩监狱和我们的关押政策的问题;其次,涉及安全与透明度的问题。LetmebeginbydisposingofoneargumentasplainlyasIcan:wearenotgoingtoreleaseanyoneifitwouldendangerournationalsecurity,norwillwereleasedetaineeswithintheUnitedStateswhoendangertheAmericanpeople.Wheredemandedbyjusticeandnationalsecurity,wewillseektotransfersomedetaineestothesametypeoffacilitiesinwhichweholdallmannerofdangerousandviolentcriminalswithinourborders–highlysecureprisonsthatensurethepublicsafety.Aswemakethesedecisions,bearinmindthefollowingfact:nobodyhaseverescapedfromoneofourfederal“supermax”prisons,whichholdhundredsofconvictedterrorists.AsSenatorLindseyGrahamsaid:“Theideathatwecannotfindaplacetosecurelyhouse250-plusdetaineeswithintheUnitedStatesisnotrational.”请让我首先尽可能明确地说明一个论点:我们不会释放任何一个可能威胁我国国家安全的人,我们也不会在美国境内释放危害美国人民的在押人员。根据司法和国家安全的要求,我们会设法将一些在押人员转往其他设施──有利于维护公共安全的高戒备监狱,我们在这类设施关押境内形形色色的危险凶暴的犯罪分子。在我们做出有关决定的同时,请记住以下事实:我们联邦一级的超级戒备监狱(Supermax)关押着数百名已被判刑的恐怖主义分子,从未有任何人越狱逃脱。正如参议员林赛·格雷厄姆(LindseyGraham)所言:"如果说我们在美国境内找不到一处严密看守250多名在押人员的设施,这是不合逻辑的。"WearecurrentlyintheprocessofreviewingeachofthedetaineecasesatGuantánamotodeterminetheappropriatepolicyfordealingwiththem.Aswedoso,weareacutelyawarethatunderthelastAdministration,detaineeswerereleasedonlytoreturntothebattlefield.Thatiswhywearedoingawaywiththepoorlyplanned,haphazardapproachthatletthosedetaineesgointhepast.Instead,wearetreatingthesecaseswiththecareandattentionthatthelawrequiresandoursecuritydemands.Goingforward,thesecaseswillfallintofivedistinctcategories.我们目前正在对关塔纳摩湾在押人员的案件逐一进行复查,以便确定处置他们的适当政策。在这个过程中,我们非常清楚地了解到,上届政府释放的在押人员后来都重返战场。因此,我们避免采取过去那种计划不周的权宜方式释放在押人员。在处理这些案件时,我们采取的是符合法律规定和我国安全要求的严肃认真的态度。接下来,这些案件将被归入五大类别。中美经贸关系这次访问既为凝聚共识、谋求合作而来,也为建立新关系、开创新局面而来。大家知道,我的老朋友和新同行骆家辉先生刚刚当上新一届联邦政府的商务部长。中国俗话说“新官上任三把火”。我很想听听这位“新官”以及同样是“新官”的美国贸易代表柯克先生对中美经贸关系有什么新的打算和建议,也把我们的一些新想法和他们做个交流。Weareherenotjusttoseekconvergenceandcooperation,butalsotoestablishanewrelationshipandopenanewchapter.Asweallknow,myoldfriend,aswellasnewcounterpart,Mr.GarryLockehasjustbeenappointedCommerceSecretaryofthenewfederaladministration.ThereisanoldsayinginChina,whoseEnglishequivalentis“anewbroomsweepsclean”.Iwouldbehappytohearwhatthisnewly-appointedofficial,aswellastheothernewly-appointedofficial,Mr.Kirk,theUStraderepresentative,havetosayaboutnewplansandproposalsfortheSino-Americantradeandeconomicrelations.Iwouldalsoexchangewiththemsomeofournewideas.今年下午我将拜会美国国家经济委员会主任萨默斯先生,出席中美经贸合作论坛并发表演讲,今晚还将和美国商会的朋友见面。Thisafternoon,IamgoingtomeetwithMr.Summers,ChairmanoftheU.S.NationalEconomicCouncil,andaddresstheChina-U.S.TradeandEconomicCooperationForum.IwillplantomeetwithourfriendsfromtheU.S.ChamberofCommerceintheevening.我在华盛顿的日程只有两天,活动排得满满的。但是,和美中贸委的各位朋友们见面是必不可少的,因为,你们大家都是我们的好朋友,你们大家都为发展中美经贸关系做出了很多贡献。在这里,我首先代表中国商务部,对美中贸委会多年来做出的贡献表示衷心的感谢!InthetwodaysIamgoingtospendinWashingtonD.C.,myschedulewillbeprettyfull.However,IconsiderameetingwithmyfriendsintheUSCBCamust,becauseallofyouareourgoodfriends,andallofyouhavemadelotsofcontributionstotheSino-U.S.tradeandeconomicrelations.OnbehalfoftheChineseMinistryofCommerce,Iwouldliketoherebyexpresstoyouourheartfeltthanks!朋友们,上个月,胡锦涛主席和奥巴马总统在伦敦金融峰会上就达成了一系列共识。其中最重要的一点,是要共同推动建设21世纪积极合作全面的中美关系。Friends,PresidentHuJintaoandPresidentBarrackObamareachedaseriesofconsensusattheLondonFinancialSummitlastmonth.Animportantpartofthatconsensusistobuildapositive,cooperativeandcomprehensiveChina-U.S.relationshipinthe21stcentury.这是一个非常令人振奋的共识。它为新时期中美经贸关系发展指明了方向,那就是:积极、合作、全面。Thisisaveryencouragingconsensus,inthatisgivesthedirectiontotheSino-Americantradeandeconomicrelationshipinthenewera,whichistobepositive,cooperativeandcomprehensive.欧洲与中国学术战略今天下午,我将赶赴布拉格,参与定于明天举行的第十一次中欧领导人会晤。我很高兴今天上午有这样一个宝贵的机会,在领导人会晤举行前夕同各位探讨中欧关系的战略意义和发展前景。Inafewhours,I'llleaveforPragueforthe11thChina-EUsummit.ButIamveryhappythat,beforetakingpartintomorrow'shigh-levelpoliticaldialogue,Iamabletojoinyouforthisacademicstrategicdialogue.当前我们讨论任何问题,都离不开全球金融危机严重冲击各国经济社会发展这个大背景。Ithinknodiscussionsnowadayscanstayawayfromthefinancialcrisis.Oureconomysuffersfromitsimpact,sodoesoursociety.今年一季度,中国GDP同比增长6.1%,远低于近年来两位数的增长幅度;对外贸易总额同比下降24.9%,一大批外向型生产企业陷入经营困难。Forthefirstquarteroftheyear,China'sGDPgrowthwasat6.1%,muchlowerthanthedouble-digitrateforthepastdecades.China'sforeigntradedroppedbynearly25%.Manyexport-orientedenterprisesarenowingreatdifficulty.欧盟国家面临经济衰退,欧委会预测欧盟经济今明两年将相继萎缩4%和0.1%,欧盟将新增失业人口850万,失业率上升至10.9%。金融危机给各国经济社会发展都带来严峻挑战。TheEUeconomy,ontheotherhand,willcontractby4%thisyear,asestimatedbytheCommission,whileunemploymentwillriseto10.9%,amountingto8.5millionpeople.此时此刻,各国政治家、企业家、专家学者都在密切关注全球经济形势的发展以及其他国家的应对举措,期盼世界经济尽快走出谷底,实现复苏,避免因经济长期不景气带来更多的社会问题、政治矛盾甚至国际冲突。Allstatesmen,entrepreneursandscholarsarewatchingcloselyonthedynamicsoftheworldeconomyandtherescueactionstakenbyothereconomies.Weallhopethattheeconomywillhitbottomandturnaroundquickly.Weallfearthataprolongedrecessionmightincursocialcontention,politicalstrifeandeveninternationalconflicts.然而仅靠等待,我们无法走出危机的困境。现在最需要的是积极的行动、有效的措施、密切的协调、真诚的合作。Butthecrisiswillnotfadeawayifwesitidle.Weoughttotakedecisiveactionsandeffectivemeasures.Weoughttohaveclosercoordinationandstrongercooperation.中欧携手共迎危机女士们,先生们,朋友们,LadiesandGentlemen,请允许我回到发言开始时提到的全球金融危机这个大背景。这场危机不仅冲击包括中欧在内的各国经济增长,也深刻地影响着国际政治经济和安全格局,加快了全球秩序变化调整的速度。MayIcomebacktothefinancialcrisis,whichinmyview,notonlyhinderedtheeconomicgrowthofeverycountry,butalsocontortedtheglobalpoliticalandsecuritypattern.Italsospeedsupreshapingtheglobalorder.面对当前形势,作为当今全球两大经济体,作为两支正在上升的政治力量,作为人类文明的两大发祥地,中欧关系已远远超越双边范畴,具有越来越重要的全球战略意义。Undersuchcircumstances,ChinaandEurope,astwomajoreconomies,politicalforcesandculturalsourcesoftheworld,havewitnessedtheirrelationshiptranscedingbilateralscopeandobtaininggreaterglobalandstrategicsignificance.中欧加强协调合作,抵御危机风暴,携手共同向前,将极大提振国际社会团结协作、克服金融危机的信心,对世界经济稳定增长意义重大;将有力推动国际秩序朝着公正合理的方向演变,对促进世界和平稳定发挥积极作用;将持续带动全人类的发展进步,对构建和谐美好的世界做出重要贡献。Ourcoordinationandcooperation,ontheeconomicside,willboosttheworld'sconfidenceinovercomingthedifficultiesbroughtaboutbythecrisisandhelpensureeconomicstabilityandrecovery;onthepoliticalside,willpromotethetransitionofglobalorderinthedirectionofjusticeandfairnessandservetheinterestofworldpeaceanddevelopment;andontheculturalside,willadvocateconstantprogressofhumanitytowardsabetterandharmoniousworld.我们的手必须握得更紧,不能放松。中欧关系的发展正处在一个关键的历史性时刻,依靠陈旧的思维、狭窄的视野、惯常的举措,无法推动中欧关系阔步前行。此时此刻,我们最需要的是历史的远见、博大的胸襟、机敏的智慧和果敢的决断。我相信,中欧双方在这一特殊时刻都将展现出这些优秀的素质,密切协作,求同存异,共同努力,推动中欧全面战略伙伴关系不断向前发展。Atthisjuncture,ourhandsmustholdtighter.Atthisjuncture,old-daymentality,narrowmindsandconventionalmovewon'tpushourrelationsahead.Atthisjuncture,weneedhistoricalinsight,cross-boardvision,astutewisdomandresolutedecision.Iamsurethatwehavesuchqualitiesandwillapplythemtopushingforwardourcomprehensiveandstrategicpartnership.中欧双方都高度重视即将举行的第十一次中欧领导人会晤。在当前国际背景下举行的这次领导人会晤,具有承前启后、继往开来的重要意义。中方与欧盟轮值主席国捷克及欧盟机构方面始终保持密切联系,共同为会晤成功举行进行了一系列积极的准备工作。Tomorrow,the11thChina-EUsummitwillbeaneventimportantforbothsides.Itisofspecialimportancegiventhecurrentglobalbackground.Underthestormofthefinancialcrisis,weallunderstandbetterthatourcooperationmeansalottousandtotheworld.TheChinesesidehasmaintainedclosecontactwiththeEUPresidencyandtheEuropeanCommissioninpreparationofthesummit.希拉里毕业典礼致辞Thankyou.Thankyousomuch.Thankyou.Anddoesitgetanybetterthanthis,agraduationceremonyforoneofthegreatuniversitiesintheworldinthehomeofNewYorkYankees?Nothingcouldbebetter.Andthankstoallofyouforcheeringavisitor.Ididn’trealizethatwaspermittedinYankeeStadium.谢谢,谢谢,非常感谢。还有比这更好的事吗——世界上最好的大学之一在纽约扬基队主场所在地举行毕业典礼?真是再好不过了。谢谢大家如此热烈地为一位来访的客人加油。我原以为在扬基体育场不可以这样做。Iamhonoredtoreceivethisdegree.Andonbehalfoftheotherhonorees,Isaythankyou.Thankyouforgivingusthissingularprivilegeofbeingpartofthiscommencementceremony.AsIlookoutatthishugecrowdofgraduates,family,andfriends,Icanonlyreflectonwhatanextraordinarymomentinhistoryyouarereceivingyourdegrees,amomentintimeofourcountryandtheworldwhereyourtalentsandyourenergy,yourpassionandcommitmentismoreneededthanever.Thereisnodoubtthatyouarewellpreparedforaworldthatseemssomewhatuncertainbutwhichwillwelcometheeducationthatyouhavereceivedonbehalfofnotonlyofyourselvesandyourfamilies,butyourcommunitiesandyourcountry.能够获得这个学位,我感到十分荣幸。我代表获得此一荣誉的其他人向你们表示感谢。谢谢你们给予我们参加这次毕业典礼的殊荣。当我看到眼前这一大群毕业生及其亲朋好友时,我不禁想到,你们是在一个不同寻常的历史时刻获得学位,我们的国家和整个世界比以往更需要你们的才智和精力、你们的激情和承诺。毫无疑问,你们已经为投入这样的世界作好了充分的准备:这个世界似乎前景不很明朗,但将赞赏你们不仅为了你们自己和家人而且为了你们的社区和国家所接受的教育。AsSecretaryofState,Iamwellawareofthechallengesthatweface.You,asnewgraduates,andyourgenerationwillbeupagainstthosechallenges:climatechangeandhunger,extremepovertyandextremeideologies,newdiseasesandnuclearproliferation.ButIamabsolutelyconvincedthatyouandweareuptothetask.ThereisnoproblemwefacehereinAmericaoraroundtheworldthatwillnotyieldtohumaneffort,tocooperation,topositiveinterdependencethatmakesclearhumanityisgoingon,ourchallengesareonesthatsummonthebestofus,andwewillmaketheworldbettertomorrowthanitistoday.作为国务卿,我十分清楚我们面临的各项挑战。作为新的毕业生,你们和你们这一代人将面对这样的挑战:气候变化和饥饿、赤贫和极端主义的意识形态、新的疾病和核扩散。但我深信,你们和我们能够胜任这样的任务。我们在美国和整个世界所面临的各种问题,都能够通过人们的努力、合作和积极的相互依赖得到解决,而这种相互依赖表明,人类社会正在继续前进。挑战将激发我们最好的一面,我们将把明天的世界变得比今天更加美好。Now,Iknowthatitisfashionableincommencementspeechestobeidealistic,andthatmaysoundso,butattherootofmyconvictionisastrongsenseofreality.Becauseyousee,Idon’tthinkwehaveachoice.Wecansitonthesidelines,wecanwringourhands,wecanretreatintocynicism,andweknowwhattheresultswillbe:Wewillcedethefieldtothosewhoseideologiesareabsolutelyanathematopeopleofconscienceandfaithallovertheworld.Soourpositiveinterdependence,whichisafact,willprepareustomeetthesechallenges.Buttheycannolongerbeseenjustasgovernment-to-government.Thereisatimeandanopportunity,andwiththenewtechnologiesavailable,forustobecitizendiplomats,citizenactivists,tosolveproblemsonebyonethatwillgiveintohardwork,patience,andpersistence,andwillthenaggregatetothesolutionsweseek.我知道,在毕业典礼上作理想化的演说是当前的时尚,[我的讲话]听起来也许很理想化,但我的信念深处有一种强烈的现实感。因为你们知道,我认为我们别无选择。我们可以袖手旁观,我们可以束手无策,我们可以采取悲观怀疑的态度,但我们知道这样做会产生什么样的结果:我们会把阵地拱手让给那些其意识形态为世界上所有有良知和信仰者所不齿的人。因此,我们之间积极的相互依赖——这是一个事实——将使我们为应对这些挑战做好准备。但这不能再被仅仅视作政府与政府之间的事情。随着新技术的不断涌现,我们有时间和机会成为公民外交家、公民活动家,通过辛勤工作、耐心和毅力一个一个地解决问题,逐步积累成我们所寻求的解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 。2009毕业典礼致辞Classof2009,youhaveanhistoricopportunity.Everyclassistoldthat,andtosomeextentIsupposeitisalwaystrue.Butjustinthecourseofthiscommencementceremony,you’veheardseveralreferencestotheglobaleconomiccrisis.Thetimesthatyouaregraduatinginare,yes,perhapsmoredifficultandsomewhatmoredaunting.Butthat’swhenwereallyrisetogether.Oneofthebestlinesfromoneofmyfavoritebaseballmovies,ALeagueofTheirOwn–(applause)–saiditwell,“Ifitwereeasy,anybodycoulddoit.”2009年毕业班的同学们,你们面临着历史性的机遇。每一届毕业生都听到这样的话,而且我认为在某种程度上确实如此。不过,在今天的毕业典礼上,你们已多次听到有关全球经济危机的话题。应该承认,你们毕业的这个时代或许更为困难,在某种意义上也更令人生畏。然而,这正是需要我们共同挺身而出的时候。我不禁想起一部我喜爱的关于棒球的影片,《女子棒球队》(ALeagueofTheirOwn),其中一句精彩的台词──(掌声)──说得真好,"如果没有困难,任何人都能做到"。Youknow,whentheYankeesmovedintotheiroldstadiumnextdoorin1923,therewasonlypersonontherosterfromwestofSt.Louis.Theirteammostlylookedthesame,talkedthesame,andcamefromthesamekindofcitiesandtownsandruralareasacrossAmerica.Thinkabouttheteamthatplaysinthisnewstadium.ItincludesplayersfromMexico,Japan,Taiwan,Panama,fourothercountries.TheDominicanRepublicaloneishometosevenYankees.Inthesameway,NYUhasevolvedaswell.TheuniversitywasfoundedtoservetheCityofNewYork.Todayitservestheworld.你们知道,当扬基队(Yankees)于1923年迁入隔壁的旧体育场时,名册上只有一位队员来自圣路易斯城(St.Louis)以西的地区。这支球队的队员外表大同小异,说话语气相同,均来自美国同一类地区的城镇和乡村。再看看今天在这个新场地竞技的球队,其中有来自墨西哥、日本、台湾、巴拿马及其他四国的队员。扬基队就有七名队员来自多米尼加共和国(DominicanRepublic)。同样,纽约大学也在演变。学校创立时只为纽约市服务,如今则为全球服务。Weknowthatthereismuchyetaheadthatnoneofuscanpredict.Thereisnowaytostopchange.Changewillcome.Whatisunknowniswhetheritwillbringprogressornot.Butyouhavedonewhatyouneededtodotogetthebestinsurancepolicyyoucould,andthatisanNYUeducation.(Applause.)Andsoarmedwiththateducation,Ihaveeveryconfidencethatyouwillnotonlysucceedbythedintofyourownhardworkandeffort,butyouwillcontributefarbeyondyourownpersonalneeds.Thisisyourmoment.You’vemadeittothebigleagues,andyouareuptobat.Gooutandgiveusafutureworthyofthisgreatuniversity,ofthisgreatcity,ofthisgreatcountry,andoftheworldweallwishtocreatetogether.我们知道,前方有许多未知数,我们谁都无法预测。变革不可逆转。变革终会来临。无法预知的是,变革能否带来进步。然而,你们已尽了一切努力,获得了最好的保障,那就是纽约大学的教育。(掌声)有了这样的教育,我完全相信,你们不仅可凭着你们自身的勤奋努力获得成功,而且还能为社会做出重大贡献,远远超出自身的需求。这是你们的时刻。你们加入了这个宏大的联队,你们可以出击了。踏上征途,开创我们的未来,使之无愧于这所伟大的学府,无愧于这座伟大的城市,无愧于这个伟大的国家,无愧于我们都希望共同建立的世界。第一夫人晚宴致辞Thankyou,BetsyforyourwarmwelcomeandforsharingyourloveofteachingasAmerica'sTeacheroftheYear.ImetBetsywhenshecametotheWhiteHouseinApriltoreceivetheTeacheroftheYearaward.InherremarksthatdayBetsysaid,"It'squiteoverwhelmingtoberecognizedforsomethingthatyoulovetodoeveryday."谢谢你,贝蒂,谢谢你的热情欢迎,谢谢你与我们分享了你作为美国本年度最佳教师对教学的挚爱。四月贝蒂来白宫领取本年度最佳教师奖时,我见到了她。那天贝蒂在致辞中说:“能够因自己喜欢做的事得到表彰是一件感到莫大幸福的事。”Allteachersdeservetoberecognizedforthecontributionstheymakeinourclassroomsandinourcountry.Teachingisthegreatestpublicserviceandweoweteachersouradmirationandrespect.Eachoftheteachersheretonightexemplifiestheverybestinteaching-andthestudentswhohonoryouareevidenceofyourimmensetalentanddedication.I'mhappytosaythatPresidentBushlovesteacherssomuchthathemarriedone,andhesendshiscongratulationsandthankstoallofyou.所有教师在我们的课堂、我们的国家做出的贡献都值得表彰。教学是最伟大的公共事业,我们应对教师表示赞赏和尊敬。今天在座的每一位教师都代表了教学的典范,学生尊敬你们正证明了你们过人的天赋和奉献。我很高兴地说布什总统非常热爱教师,他还娶了一位教师,他让我转达他对各位的祝贺和感谢。Iknowhowrewardingandchallengingteachingcanbeandwhataremarkabledifferenceateachercanmakeinachild'slife.WhenIwasonlyeightyearsoldImadeaverymatureandaverywisedecision-Idecidedtobeateacher.IdecidedthisnotonlybecauseIlovedschoolandwritingonthechalkboard.IwantedtoteachbecauseIlovedmysecond-gradeteacher,Mrs.GnagyandIwantedtobejustlikeher.SoIwenttocollegeandearnedateachingdegree,andafterworkingasateacherinDallas,IgainedawholenewrespectforMrs.Gnagy.ButIlovedeveryminuteofit.我知道教学可以多么有意义,多么富有挑战性,一个老师可以对一个孩子一生带来多大的不同。我8岁时做了一个非常成熟、非常明智的决定---决定做一名教师。我做出这个决定,不仅仅因为我热爱学校,喜欢在黑板上写字,我想当老师还因为我爱我的二年级老师---娜洁太太,我希望做像她一样的老师。所以我上了大学,获得了教学学位。在达拉斯当了老师后,我对娜洁太太更产生了全新的敬意。我喜欢教学的每时每刻。汶川大地震今天,我们在这里庄严集会,纪念四川汶川特大地震一周年,向在地震灾害中不幸罹难的同胞们、向为夺取抗震救灾斗争重大胜利而英勇献身的烈士们表达我们的深切思念。Today,wearegatheredhereonthissolemnoccasiontomarkthefirstanniversaryofthedevastatingWenchuanearthquake.Atthismoment,ourthoughtsarewiththosecompatriotswhofellvictimtotheearthquakeandthoseheroeswhogavetheirlivesfortheremarkablesuccessoftherescueandreliefoperation.2008年5月12日14时28分,我国发生了震惊世界的四川汶川特大地震,受灾地区人民生命财产和经济社会发展蒙受巨大损失。面对空前惨烈的灾难,在党中央、国务院和中央军委坚强领导下,全党全军全国各族人民众志成城、迎难而上,以惊人的意志、勇气、力量,组织开展了我国历史上救援速度最快、动员范围最广、投入力量最大的抗震救灾斗争,最大限度地挽救了受灾群众生命,最大限度地减低了灾害造成的损失,夺取了抗震救灾斗争重大胜利,表现出泰山压顶不弯腰的大无畏气概,谱写了感天动地的英雄凯歌。At14:28on12May2008,amassiveearthquakestruckWenchuanofSichuanProvince.Itwasanearthquakethatshockedtheworld.Itcausedheavycasualtiesandpropertydamage,andinflictedenormouslossesonlocaleconomicandsocialdevelopment.Inthefaceoftheunprecedentednaturaldisaster,thewholeParty,armedforcesandpeopleofallethnicgroupsinChinaralliedbehindthestrongleadershipoftheCPCCentralCommittee,theStateCouncilandtheCentralMilitaryCommission,andworkedasonetofightthedisasterwithgreatdetermination,courageandstrength.WelaunchedarescueandreliefoperationwhichwasfasterinresponseandmobilizedmorepersonnelandresourcesthaneverbeforeinChina'shistory.Wemadetheutmostefforttosavelivesandminimizethedamage,andachievedmajorsuccessinthefightagainstthedisaster,demonstratingtheindomitableandunyieldingspiritoftheChinesepeopleandwritingatouchingandheroicchapterinthehistoryofournation.我们按照以人为本、尊重自然、统筹兼顾、科学重建的原则,科学制定灾后恢复重建规划,迅速出台一系列支援灾区的政策措施,积极开展对口支援,迅速组织开展灾后恢复重建工作。在中央大力支持、灾区广大干部群众艰苦奋斗、全国人民大力支援下,城乡居民住房重建、学校医院等公共服务设施重建、基础设施恢复重建、产业重建和结构调整、历史文化保护、生态修复等方面均取得显著成绩,灾后恢复重建取得重要阶段性成果,灾区人民正大踏步走向新生活。这一切,为夺取抗震救灾斗争全面胜利奠定了坚实基础。Intheaftermathoftheearthquake,wemadescientificplansforrehabilitationandreconstruction,promptlyintroducedahostofpoliciesandmeasurestosupportthequake-hitareas,energeticallyorganizedone-to-oneassistanceprograms,andswiftlylaunchedrehabilitationandreconstructionworkinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofputtingpeoplefirst,respectingnature,makingcoordinatedplansandcarryingoutreconstructioninascientificway.ThankstothestrongsupportoftheCPCCentralCommittee,thestrenuouseffortsofthelocalofficialsandpeopleandgenerousassistancefromtherestofthecountry,notableprogresshasbeenmadeinthereconstructionofurbanandruralhomes,schools,hospitalsandotherpublicservicefacilities,therehabilitationandreconstructionofinfrastructure,therebuildingandrestructuringofindustries,thepreservationofplacesofhistoricalandculturalinterest,aswellasinecologicalrehabilitation.Withthesemajorpreliminarysuccesses,thepeopleinthequake-hitareasarenowmarchingtowardanewlife.Allthishaslaidasolidfoundationforthecompletesuccessofourreliefandreconstructionendeavor.甲型流感、军事问题问:最近在国内有两宗输入性的甲型H1N1流感确诊个案。香港方面已经要求美国卫生部做好口岸防疫措施,减少其他地方的输入性病例。外交部有没有通过外交途径向美国方面提出有关要求?如果没有,是否有计划提出?Q:TherehavebeentwoconfirmedimportedcasesofinfluenzaAH1N1onthemainlandrecently.HongKonghasaskedtheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicestoimprovequarantinemeasuresatpointsofexittoreduceimportedcaseselsewhere.HastheForeignMinistrymadeanyrequestsinthisregardtotheUSthroughdiplomaticchannels?Ifnot,doyouhaveanyplanstodoso?答:中国政府采取了及时、有效的疫情防控措施。有关部门也及时发布了疫情在中国的有关情况和信息,这些情况有关国家都是非常清楚的。我们希望通过国际合作,共同遏制甲型H1N1病毒的流行,早日克服这一疫情。我们将进一步加强这方面的合作。A:TheChineseGovernmenthastakentimelyandeffectiveflupreventionandcontrolmeasures.Competentdepartmentshavealsotimelyreleasedupdatesonflu-relatedinformation.Therelevantcountriesarewellaware.Wehopetoworktogethertocontainthespreadofthediseaseassoonaspossiblethroughinternationalcooperation,andwillcontinuetostrengthencooperationinthisregard.  问:前几天澳大利亚在白皮书中宣布要增强它的武器系统,包括潜水艇等,并称最重要的防务发展动向是中国地位的上升。同时据报道,澳大利亚政府跟中国政府提前打招呼,说澳上述动作不是针对中国或其他国家。你认为这个说法站得住脚吗?Q:RecentlyAustraliaannouncedinitsWhitePaperthatitwillenhanceitsweaponsystem,includingsubmarines,andclaimedthatthemostimportanttrendindefenceistheriseofChina.Andaccordingtoreports,theAustralianGovernmenthasinformedtheChineseGovernmentinadvancethattheabovemeasuresdonottargetChinaoranyothercountry.Doyouthinkthestoryholdswater?答:关于这个问题,我已经多次在发布会上做了回答。中国坚持走和平发展的道路,奉行防御性的国防政策,不对任何国家构成威胁。中国是维护亚太地区乃至世界和平与稳定的坚定力量。这一事实是有目共睹的,世界各国是了解的。A:Iansweredthisquestionatseveralpreviouspressconferences.Chinaadherestotheroadofpeacefuldevelopment,adoptsadefencepolicythatisdefensiveinnature,anddoesnotposeathreattoanycountry.ChinaisastaunchforceforpeaceandstabilityinAsia-Pacificandthewholeworld.Thefactiswitnessedbyallandknownbyallcountriesintheworld.“五四”青年节演讲尊敬的杨洁篪部长,祖国的外交官们,亲爱的同学们:HonorableMinisterYangJiechi,deardiplomatsoftheMotherland,dearstudents:  我是来自北京大学外国语学院印尼语专业的本科生王睿君。今年是五四运动90周年,北大是五四运动的发源地,我能够代表北大学生,代表前来参加外交部“五四”青年节专场的全体大学生发言,既感到万分荣幸,又感到无比激动,心中更升腾着一种使命感与自豪感。外交官们平易近人的风度,精彩绝伦的讲解,深深印在了我们心里;杨洁篪部长字字珠玑、高屋建瓴的讲话令我们对伟大祖国蒸蒸日上和中国外交蓬勃发展感到无比自豪。在此,请允许我代表到场的同学们,对关心大学生成长,热情接待我们的杨外长和外交部全体成员表达衷心的感谢!MynameisWangRuijun.IamanundergraduatemajoringintheIndonesianlanguageintheSchoolofForeignLanguages(SFL),PekingUniversity.Thisyearmarksthe90thanniversaryofthe"MayFourthMovement".PekingUniversityisthebirthplaceofthe"MayFourthMovement".IfeelgreatlyhonoredandextremelyexcitedtospeakhereonbehalfofthestudentsofPekingUniversityandonbehalfofallthestudentscomingtoattendtheOpenDayforcollegestudentsincelebrationoftheMayFourthYouthDayarrangedbytheMinistryofForeignAffairs.Myheartisfueledwithasenseofmissionandasenseofpride.Wearedeeplyimpressedbytheapproachablemannerofthediplomatsandtheirfascinatingintroductions.MinisterYangJiechi’sgracefulandinsightfulremarksmadeusextremelyproudoftherisingandprosperingMotherlandandthevigorousdevelopmentofChina'sdiplomacy.Herepleaseallowme,onbehalfofallthestudentsparticipatingintoday’sevent,toexpressourheartfeltthankstoMinisterYangJiechiandallthehospitablepeopleintheMinistryofForeignAffairswhoshowcareforandinterestinthegrowthofcollegestudents.  刚才杨部长的殷切期望,我们一定会牢记在心,并以此时刻勉励自己,刻苦学习,报效祖国。我们也一定会响应杨部长的号召,一如既往地关注祖国的外交事业,不仅是因为“以天下为己任”是我们当代大学生的使命,更是因为中国外交日益走近“寻常百姓”,越来越与普通民众的工作生活息息相关。“互利共赢”、“负责任大国”、“软实力”、“领事保护”已成为大家耳熟能详的词汇,“和平发展”、“和谐世界”、“周边外交”、“大国关系”、“多边运筹”已成为大学校园里最流行的谈论焦点。随着中国发展,国内国外互动频繁,家事国事天下事都已变成我们的“身边事”。关心和支持中国外交既是时代对我们的要求,也是中国当代青年义不容辞的责任!当代青年应该胸怀祖国,放眼世界。WewillkeepinmindtheardentexpectationsofMinisterYangandtakethemasanencouragementtokeepworkinghardsoastoservetheMotherland.WewillresolutelyanswerthecallofMinisterYangandcontinueasalwaystokeepacloseeyeonthediplomaticundertakingoftheMotherland.ThisisnotonlybecauseservingtheMotherlandisthemissionofcontemporarycollegestudents,butalsobecauseChina'sdiplomacyhasincreasinglyreachedthe"commonpeople"andgetincreasinglyrelevanttotheworkandlivesofordinarypeople.Suchtermsas"mutuallybeneficialandwin-wincooperation","abigresponsiblenation","softpower"and"consularprotection"areverypopularwordsamongus."Peacefuldevelopment","aharmoniousworld","diplomacywithneighboringcountries","bigpowerrelations","multilateraldiplomacy"andsomeothertermshavealsobecomethefocusofdiscussionsonthecampuses.AsChinadevelopsandtheinteractionswiththeoutsideworldgetincreasinglyfrequent,wemustshowconcernnotonlytopersonalaffairs,butalsototheaffairsofthestateandtheworld.PayingattentiontoandsupportingChina'sdiplomacyisnotonlytherequirementsofthetimesbutalsothedutyoftheChineseyouth.TheyoungpeopleshouldkeeptheMotherlandinmindandlooktothewholeworld.G20开启世界新秩序Itmaytakemonthstodiscoverwhethertheactionstakenbylastweek'sGroupof20summitinLondonareenoughtorescuetheworldeconomyfromaprolongedrecession,ifnotdepression.Thesubstanceofitsconclusionswillhavetoconvincecapitalmarkets,globalfinancialinstitutions,investorsandhumbleconsumersthattheycanstarttospend,borroworlendagain.上周20国集团(G20)伦敦峰会采取的行动是否足以拯救世界经济于持续衰退(如果不是萧条的话),可能需要几个月时间才能明朗。该峰会的实质 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 必须要让资本市场、全球金融机构、投资者和渺小的消费者确信:他们又可以开始支出、借款或放贷了。Butthesymbolismoftheeventmaybemoreimportantthanthesubstance.ForeveniftheG20countriesareastrangeadhocselection,initiallybroughttogetherbytheAsianfinancialcrisisin1997,theyrepresentawholenewelementintheworldorder.TheyarenottheGroupofSeven-theclubofwesternpowersandJapan-ortheG8(theG7plusRussia).TheuseoftheG20atthismomentofglobalcrisisisaclearindicationthattheoldorderhasoutliveditstime.但是,本次峰会的象征意义也许比实质内容更重要。因为即使G20成员国是一个奇怪的无规律组合,最初因为1997年的亚洲金融危机而汇聚到一起开会,但它们在世界秩序中代表着一个全新元素。它们不是7国集团(G7),即西方列强俱乐部加上日本,也不是G8,即G7加上俄罗斯。在全球危机的这一关口动用G20,是一个明确的迹象,说明旧的秩序已经过时了。AnotherpointercamefourmonthsagowhentheUSNationalIntelligenceCouncil,partofWashington'ssecurityapparatus,publishedastartlingforecast.Theinternationalsystemasconstructedafterthesecondworldwarwould,itpredicted,be"unrecognisable"by2025,thankstoglobalisation,theriseofemergingpowersand"anhistorictransferofrelativewealthandeconomicpowerfromwesttoeast".另一个迹象是在4个月前浮现的,当时美国安全部门“国家情报委员会”(NationalIntelligenceCouncil,NIC)发表了一份惊人的预测。其中预计,在第二次世界大战后构建的国际体系,到2025年将变得“难以辨认”,原因包括全球化、新兴强国的崛起,以及“财富和经济实力相对地从西方到东方的历史性转移”。"Thenext20yearsoftransitiontoanewsystemarefraughtwithrisks,"thedocumentdeclared."Strategicrivalriesaremostlikelytorevolvearoundtrade,investmentsandtechnologicalinnovationandacquisition,butwecannotruleouta19th-centuryscenarioofarmsraces,territorialexpansion,andmilitaryrivalries."“今后20年间,向一个新体系的过渡将充满风险,”这份文件宣告。“战略对立最有可能围绕贸易、投资、技术创新以及收购出现,但我们也不能排除军备竞赛、领土扩张,以及军事对立等19世纪的情形。”Thatreportwaslargelywrittenbeforethefullforceofthefinancialandeconomiccrisishadbecomeapparent.Nevertheless,itsauthorswereconvincedthatthe"unipolarmoment"ofunchallengedUShegemonyaftertheBerlinWallcamedownwasalreadydrawingtoanend.Thefutureworldorderwouldbe"multipolar".这份报告基本上是在本次金融和经济危机的严重程度完全呈现之前写成的。不过,其作者当时已经确信,柏林墙倒塌后美国霸权不受挑战的“单极时刻”行将终结。未来的世界秩序将是“多极”的。中欧应扩大合作当今世界各国面临的最紧迫的任务是尽快恢复全球经济增长。然而,令人担忧的是激增的贸易保护主义,使得前景本已脆弱的世界经济更加恶化。Themostpressingtaskfacingallcountriesintheworldtodayistorestoreglobaleconomicgrowthassoonaspossible.Yetitisworrisometonotethatthesurgeoftradeprotectionismhasmadetheprospectsofthealreadyfragileworldeconomyevenworse.中国与欧盟,作为世界上两个主要的经济体和利益相关者,理应在第二次中欧经贸高层对话上以负责任的态度,清晰地表明他们共同反对贸易保护主义的承诺。ChinaandtheEuropeanUnion,twomajoreconomiesandstakeholdersintheworld,shouldtakearesponsibleattitudeanddemonstratetheircommon,clearcommitmentagainsttradeprotectionismatthesecondChina-E.U.high-leveleconomicdialogue.贸易自由化是经济增长的发动机。它已成为经济全球化的强大推动力,并使世界各地的人们受益。相反,贸易保护主义在追逐一国利益时却损害了他国利益,将导致相互报复。最终无人能从中获益。Tradeliberalizationistheengineofeconomicgrowth.Ithasservedasastrongpropellerofeconomicglobalizationandbenefitedpeoplearoundtheworld.Onthecontrary,tradeprotectionism—featuringthepursuitofbenefitsforonecountryattheexpenseofothers—willonlyleadtoretaliation.Itservestheinterestofnoone.二十世纪三十年代的经济大萧条时期,贸易保护主义的流行让世界经济付出了沉重的代价。它导致世界贸易量萎缩了三分之二。我们应该确保相同的错误不再出现。TheworldeconomypaidaheavypricefortheprevalenceoftradeprotectionismduringtheGreatDepressioninthe1930s,whichledtothecontractionofglobaltradebytwothirds.Weshouldmakesurethatthesamemistakeisnotrepeated.欧洲是自由贸易理论的诞生地,欧盟是自由贸易的成功典范。在欧洲,消除贸易壁垒促进了欧洲单一市场的形成和经济的繁荣和发展,其结果是,欧盟已经发展成为当今世界最大的经济体。Europeisthebirthplaceoffreetradetheory,andtheE.U.istheproductofsuccessfulfreetradepractices.TheremovaloftradebarrierspromotedformationofasingleEuropeanmarketandenhanceddevelopmentandprosperityinEurope.Asaresult,theE.U.hasgrownintothelargesteconomyintheworldtoday.中国坚定地致力于改革开放。自从中国成功的加入世界贸易组织,中国市场变得更加开放,贸易自由度大幅上升。目前,中国的关税总水平只有9.8%。中国的工业品平均关税只有8.9%,在发展中国家中最低。进口农产品关税只有15.2%,这不仅低于其他发展中国家,也远低于许多发达国家。Chinaisfirmlycommittedtoreformandtoopeningup.SinceitsaccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganization,China’smarkethasbecomemuchmoreopenanditstradegreatlyliberalized.ThecurrentoveralltarifflevelofChinaisonly9.8percent.Itsaveragetariffonindustrialproductsisonly8.9percent,thelowestamongalldevelopingcountries.Itstariffonimportedagriculturalproductsisonly15.2percent,whichisnotonlylowerthanotherdevelopingcountriesbutalsofarbelowthatofmanydevelopedcountries.中国的服务贸易开放水平已经接近发达国家的平均水平。中国已经采取稳步措施来改进市场经济体系和法律体系。特别是在知识产权保护、产品质量与食品安全、环境保护与劳动保障等方面已经取得了显著的进步。中国还采取了具体措施应对贸易保护主义,中国政府近日派遣了赴欧美的企业采购团。TheopennessofChina’stradeinserviceshasreachedalevelclosetothatofanaveragedevelopedcountry.Chinahastakensteadystepstoimproveitsmarketeconomicsystemandlegalsystem.Inparticular,ithasmaderemarkableprogressinintellectual-propertyrightsprotection,productqualityandfoodsafety,environmentalprotectionandlaborsecurity.Chinahasalsotakenconcreteactionsagainsttradeprotectionism—theChinesegovernmentrecentlysentChineseenterprisesonprocurementmissionstoEuropeandtheUnitedStates.摆脱危机寻找希望Theworldmaybecomingtogetheronwhatneedstobedonetopulltheeconomyoutofcrisis.Thereismuchcommonground,ifnotaconsensus,inmanyareas.Thisisnotasufficientconditionforeventualrecovery.Butitisafirstandnecessaryone.关于需要做些什么才能让经济摆脱危机,全世界或许正在走到一起。在许多领域,即使没有达成共识,人们的立场也是大致相同的。这并非经济最终复苏的充分条件,但却是先决和必要条件之一。Takefinancialregulation.ThedeLarosièrereport,theUK'sTurnerreviewandearlydraftsoftheG20communiquésuggestmuchthesame.Inthefuture,thefinancialsectorwillbesaferandduller.Bankswillprobablybesmaller,regulationtougherandrequiredcapitalhigher.Lowerprofitabilitywilltakecareofthebonusissuebyitself.Whethersuchchangeswouldbe“good”or“bad”isaseparatequestion.Theimportantpointisthatinternationalagreementisrelativelyuniform.Asaresult,nocountry'sbankingsystemwillenjoyadvantagesoveranother.以金融监管为例。法国前央行行长拉罗西埃尔(JacquesdeLarosière)的报告,英国金融服务管理局主席特纳(AdairTurner)的评论,以及20国集团(G20)会议公报的初稿,意思都大同小异。将来,金融业将更加安全,更加索然无味。银行规模可能会缩小,监管将更加严厉,资本要求将更高。收益率下降将自然而然地解决奖金问题。这些变化是“好”是“坏”则是另一码事。要点在于,国际协定是相对一致的。因此,没有一个国家的银行体系会相对于另一个国家具有优势。Thesameistrueofmonetarypolicy.Theworld'smajorcentralbankshaveallcutinterestratestozero,orclose.Manyarenowengagedinquantitativeeasing.Thisisriskyifdonealoneasitcanweakenthecurrencyandgiverisetocriticismof“beggar-thy-neighbour”devaluations.Butifeveryonedoesit,theworldcangainfromtheextramonetaryboost.货币政策亦是如此。全球各主要央行均已将利率降至零或近零的水平。许多央行都采用了定量宽松政策。如果某个国家独自使用这种政策,将是危险的,因为它会使货币走弱,引发对“以邻为壑”贬值政策的批评。但如果各国都在使用,世界可能会从额外的货币刺激中获益。Finally,thereisfiscalpolicy.Countriesareopeningtheirwallets.EvenGermany'sstimulusisonlyslightlysmallerthantheUS'sasapercentageofoutput.Europe'sbiggesttightwadis,infact,France.AndaseventheInternationalMonetaryFundnowbelievesthatcountriesshouldspendmore–andtheIMF'sdirectorisaFrenchman–Parismaywellcomeroundtoo.最后还有财政政策。各国正打开钱包。以占产出的比例计算,即使是德国的刺激力度也仅略小于美国。欧洲最吝啬的其实是法国。鉴于就连国际货币基金组织(IMF)如今也认为各国应增加开支——IMF总干事是一位法国人——巴黎很可能也会改变主意。 Thereisstillalonghaulahead.Therewillbesetbacks,andtheworldisheadedforastiffrecession,atleast.Whateverhappens,therequireddeleveragingwilltakeyears.Buttherearealsogroundsforhope.未来仍然任重而道远。其间将会有波折,至少,世界正走向一场严重的衰退。不管发生什么,所需的去杠杆化过程将需要数年时间。但希望之光依然存在。金融危机后的资本主义Thatcapitalismhasbeenshown,inpractice,tobeendemicallyflawedshouldcomeasnosurprise.Thatisthenatureofmankind.Whatismoreimportantisthathistory,notablythehistoryoftheworldafterthesecondworldwar,hasdemonstratedbeyonddisputethateveryothersystemofeconomicorganisationisfarworse.Socapitalismbothdeservestosurvive,andwillsurvive,justasitdidaftertheevengreatereconomicdisasterofthe1930s.实践已表明,资本主义存在固有缺陷,这一点不足为奇。那是人类的天性。更重要的是,历史——尤其是二战之后的世界历史——已无可辩驳地证明,其他所有经济组织制度都要糟糕得多。因此,资本主义既应当继续存在下去,也将会继续存在下去,正如上世纪30年代那场甚至比目前更为严重的经济灾难之后的情况Butthereisanotherlessonofthe1930s.Itisthatalthoughcapitalismsurvivesitiscapableofretreatingbehindaprotectionistshell,atgreatcosttoglobalprosperity.Thisisarealdangertoday.The“BuyAmerican”provisionsinPresidentBarackObama'sfiscalboostareanominoussign.Theimpulsetoresorttoprotectionwheneconomichardshipsuddenlystrikesis,ofcourse,alwayspresent.Butthereistodayadangerousnewfactorwhichmagnifiesthethreat.TheleadersofsomeofAmerica'slargestcorporationshavealreadyjoinedupwithorganisedlabour(theAFL-CIO)tourgeCongresstoimposetariffsagainstimportsfromcountries(suchasChina,forexample)whichareunderstandablyunwillingtobeartheheavycostsofanobligationtocurbtheircarbondioxideemissions.ThereisconsiderablesupportinEurope,notablywithintheEuropeanCommissionandinFrance,forasimilarapproach.但上世纪30年代还有一个教训:尽管资本主义幸存了下来,但它会缩进一个保护主义的壳里,让全球繁荣付出了惨重代价。目前这是一种真切存在的危险。美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(BarackObama)财政刺激方案中的“买美国货”条款就是一个不祥之兆。自然,当经济困厄骤然来袭之际,人们总会产生一种求助于保护主义的冲动。但目前存在一种危险的新因素,加大了这种威胁。美国一些大企业领袖已联合有组织的工人(美国劳工联合会-产业工会联合会,AFL-CIO),敦促国会对来自相关国家(如中国)的进口商品加征关税,这些国家不愿承担限制本国二氧化碳排放的沉重成本,这也是可以理解的。类似的做法在欧洲颇受支持,尤其是在欧盟委员会(EC)内部和法国。Itisessential,bothintheUSandinEurope,thatthisisresolutelyrejected.Thefirstandmostimportantrequirementforthefutureofcapitalismisthepreservationofglobalisation,andthemassivebenefitsitconfersonmankind,inparticularinthedevelopingworld.Thereare,inevitably,costsofglobalisation;buttheyarehugelyoutweighedbythebenefits.Soresistancetoprotection,whateverargumentsmaybeusedinitsfavour,mustberigorouslymaintained.Noristhisanexclusivelyeconomicargument.Itisamoralimperative,aswell.Moreover,atradewarwithChinacouldwellhaveunpredictable,andpotentiallyhighlydamaging,politicalconsequences.美国和欧洲必须坚决摈弃这种做法。要保障资本主义的未来,首要条件是维护全球化,及其给人类(尤其是发展中国家)带来的巨大利益。全球化必然有代价,但其利益远远超过了代价。因此,无论保护主义的支持者可能摆出哪些有利于自己的论点,我们都必须坚定地抵制保护主义。这不只是一种经济上的主张,在道义上也势在必行。此外,与中国进行贸易战,很可能造成无法预测、可能极具破坏力的政治后果。Butwillcapitalismneedtochangeinthefuture?Again,thelessonofhistoryisthattheansweris“notreally”.Theeconomiccycleisendemicandinescapable,andeveryone(withtheexceptionofprimeministerGordonBrown)hasalwaysknownthis.Whatthecurrentcrisisdoesunderline,however,isthatacyclicaldownturnassociatedwithacollapseofthebankingsystemisbyanorderofmagnitudeworsethananormalcyclicaldownturn.然而,今后资本主义需要改变吗?历史教训再一次表明,答案是“不一定”。经济周期是固有的和不可避免的,对此所有(除了英国首相戈登•布朗)一向都很清楚。不过,当前危机所突出表明的,是伴随银行体系崩溃的周期性衰退,在数量级上要比正常的周期性衰退更为严重。Sotheredoesneedtobeachangetothebankingsystem.Inanutshell,weneedtoreturn,inallmajorfinancialcentres,totheseparationofcommercialbankingfrominvestmentbankingthatwasenforcedintheUSunderthe1933Glass-SteagallAct,untilitwasrepealedbyPresidentBillClintoninthe1990s.Thisisallthemoreimportantsincewenowliveinanageinwhichtheacquisitionofwealthappearstocountformorethanreputation.因此,银行体系的确需要变革。简言之,我们必须在所有主要金融中心重新施行商业银行与投资银行业务分离的做法。根据1933年的《格拉斯-斯蒂格尔法案》(Glass-SteagallAct),美国过去一直实行这种做法,直到上世纪90年代该国总统比尔•克林顿(BillClinton)废止了这一法案。既然我们如今生活在发财致富似乎比名誉更重要的时代,这一点就显得更加重要。Achievingthiswillnotbeeasyorpopularinbankingcircles,butitcanbedone.Wehavetimetogetitright:thisisnotfirefighting,butfireproofing.要做到这一点并不容易,也不会受到银行界的欢迎,不过这是可以做到的。我们有时间来把事情做好:这不是救火工作,而是防火。
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