环境专业英语 2 PART 1_1PPT课件

PART1INTRODUCTIONTOENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEANDENGINEERING.EnvironmentalScience(Page1)Whereasthedisciplinesofbiology,chemistry,andphysics(andtheirsubdisciplinesofmicrobiology,organicchemistry,nuclearphysics,etc.)arefocusedonaparticularaspectofnaturalscience,environmentalscienceinitsbroadestsenseencompassesallthefieldsofnaturalscience.Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？ [‘dɪsəplɪn]n.学科n.分支学科[ɪt‘sɛtərə,ɛt-]adv.等等[‘wɛr’æz]conj.然而;鉴于;反之in…sense从…意义上说[ɪn‘kʌmpəs]vt.包含.EnvironmentalScience(Page1)Whereasthedisciplinesofbiology,chemistry,andphysics(andtheirsubdisciplinesofmicrobiology,organicchemistry,nuclearphysics,etc.)arefocusedonaparticularaspectofnaturalscience,environmentalscienceinitsbroadestsenseencompassesallthefieldsofnaturalscience.Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？.EnvironmentalScience(Page1)Thehistoricalfocusofstudyforenvironmentalscientistshasbeen,ofcourse,thenaturalenvironment.Bythis,wemeantheatmosphere,theland,thewaterandtheirinhabitantsasdifferentiatedfromthebuiltenvironment.Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？[ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪtɪd]adj.可区分的v.使有差别(过去分词)建筑环境插入语历史焦点[ɪn‘hæbɪtənt]n.居住者.EnvironmentalScience(Page1)Thehistoricalfocusofstudyforenvironmentalscientistshasbeen,ofcourse,thenaturalenvironment.Bythis,wemeantheatmosphere,theland,thewaterandtheirinhabitantsasdifferentiatedfromthebuiltenvironment.Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？.EnvironmentalScience(Page1)Modernenvironmentalsciencehasalsofoundapplicationstothebuiltenvironmentor,perhapsmorecorrectly,totheeffusionsfromthebuiltenvironment.Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？[ɪ‘fjuʒn]n.渗出;泄漏物[ˌæpləˈkeʃən]n.应用;(对事物、学习等)投入.EnvironmentalScience(Page1)Modernenvironmentalsciencehasalsofoundapplicationstothebuiltenvironmentor,perhapsmorecorrectly,totheeffusionsfromthebuiltenvironment.Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？.EnvironmentalEngineering(Page3)TheEnvironmentalEngineeringDivisionoftheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE)haspublishedthefollowingstatementofpurposethatmaybeusedtoshowtherelationshipbetweenenvironmentalscienceandenvironmentalengineering;Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？美国土木 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 协会有意地.EnvironmentalEngineering(Page3)TheEnvironmentalEngineeringDivisionoftheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE)haspublishedthefollowingstatementofpurposethatmaybeusedtoshowtherelationshipbetweenenvironmentalscienceandenvironmentalengineering;Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？.Environmentalengineeringismanifestbysoundengineer-ingthoughtandpracticeinthesolutionofproblemsofenvironmentalsanitation,notablyintheprovisionofsafe,palatable,andamplepublicwatersupplies®;theproperdisposaloforrecycleofwastewaterandsolidwastes;theadequatedrainageofurbanandruralareasforpropersanitation;Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？[prə‘vɪʒn]n.供应;准备工程思想[‘mænɪfɛst]vt.证明，表明；显示vi.显示，出现n.载货单，货单；旅客名单adj.显然的，明显的；明白的[,sænɪ'teʃən]n.[医]环境卫生；卫生设备；下水道设施[‘pælətəbl]adj.可口的[‘æmpl]adj.足够的;丰富的[ˈædɪkwət]adj.充足的[‘drenɪdʒ]n.排水;排水系统;污水.Environmentalengineeringismanifestbysoundengineer-ingthoughtandpracticeinthesolutionofproblemsofenvironmentalsanitation,notablyintheprovisionofsafe,palatable,andamplepublicwatersupplies®;theproperdisposaloforrecycleofwastewaterandsolidwastes;theadequatedrainageofurbanandruralareasforpropersanitation;Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？Page4,Notes⑤.andthecontrolofwater,soil,andatmosphericpollution,andthesocialandenvironmentalimpactofthesesolutions.Furthermoreitisconcernedwithengineeringproblemsonthefieldofpublichealth,suchascontrolofarthropod-bornediseases,theeliminationofindustrialhealthhazards,andtheprovisionofadequatesanitationinurban,rural,andrecreationalareas,andtheeffectoftechnologicaladvancesontheenvironment.Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？[‘ɑrθrə,pɑd]n/adj.节肢动物[,rɛkri‘eʃənəl]adj.娱乐的;修养的关于;涉及.andthecontrolofwater,soil,andatmosphericpollution,andthesocialandenvironmentalimpactofthesesolutions.Furthermoreitisconcernedwithengineeringproblemsonthefieldofpublichealth,suchascontrolofarthropod-bornediseases,theeliminationofindustrialhealthhazards,andtheprovisionofadequatesanitationinurban,rural,andrecreationalareas,andtheeffectoftechnologicaladvancesontheenvironment.Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？③①②.Neitherenvironmentalsciencenorenvironmentalengineeringshouldbeconfusedwithheating,ventilating,orairconditioning(HVAC),norwithlandscapearchitecture.Neithershouldtheybeconfusedwiththearchitecturalandstructuralengineeringfunctionsassociatedwithbuiltenvironments,suchashomes,offices,andotherworkplaces.Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering？与…混淆[‘ventɪleɪtɪŋ]n.通风空调;空气调节.WhatIsThisBookAbout?(Page7)Theobjectiveofthisbookistointroduceengineeringandsciencestudentstotheinterdisciplinarystudyofenvironmentalproblems:theircauses,whytheyareofconcern,andhowwecancontrolthem.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[,ɪntɚ‘dɪsəplɪnɛri]adj.各学科间的;跨学科的.Thebookincludes：DescriptionofwhatismeantbyenvironmentandbyenvironmentalsystemsInformationonthebasiscausesofenvironmentaldisturbancesBasisscientificknowledgenecessarytounderstandthenatureofenvironmentalproblemsandtobeabletoquantifythemUnit2EnvironmentalEngineering何谓[dɪ‘stɝbəns]n.干扰；骚乱.Currentstateofthetechnologyenvironmentalcontrolinitsapplicationtowater,airandpollutionproblemsConsiderablegapsinourcurrentscientificknowledgeofunderstandingandcontrollingmanyofthecomplexinteractionsbetweenhumanactivitiesandnatureUnit2EnvironmentalEngineering.Manyenvironmentalproblemswhichcouldbeeliminatedorreducedbytheapplicationofcurrenttechnology,butwhicharenotdealtwithbecauseofsociety’slackofwilltodoso,orinmanyinstancesbecauseofalackofresourcestodoso.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering处理在许多情况下.SomeImportantDefinitions(Page7)Environmentisthephysicalandbiotichabitatwhichsurroundsus;thatwhichwecansee,hear,touch,smell,andtaste.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[baɪ‘ɑtɪk]adj.生物的;有关生命的[‘hæbə’tæt]n.栖息地,产地.SomeImportantDefinitions(Page7)System,accordingtoWebster’sdictionary®,isdefinedas“asetorarrangementofthingssorelatedorconnectedastoformaunitororganicwhole;as,asolarsystem,irrigationsystem,supplysystem,theworldoruniverse”.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[ˌɪrɪˈɡeʃn]n.灌溉;冲洗法太阳系；太阳能系统.SomeImportantDefinitions(Page7)Pollutioncanbedefinedasanundesirablechangeinthephysical,chemical,orbiologicalcharacteristicsoftheair,water,orlandthatcanharmfullyaffectthehealth,survival,oractivitiesofhumansorotherlivingorganisms.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[,ʌndɪ‘zaɪərəbl]adj.不良的;不合需要的.InteractionofSystems(Page8)Anumberofdifferentenvironmentalproblemsareassociatedwithwater,air,orlandsystems.Manyoftheseproblemswillapplyonlywithinoneofthesesystems,justifyingthebreakdownintothesecategories.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineeringv.证明…有理(justify的现在分词)；为…辩护；对…作出解释；为…辩解.Suchaclassificationisalsousefulforeasiercomprehen-sionofrelatedproblemswithinonesystem.Moreover,itissensiblebecause,formanagerialandadministrativereasons®,suchsubfieldsasairpollution,watersupply,wastewaterdisposal,andsolidwastedisposalareoftendealtwithseparatelybygovernmentalagencies.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering['sɛnsəbl]adj.明智的;通情达理的;合乎情理的;能感觉到的;[,mænə‘dʒɪrɪəl]adj.管理的;.Unfortunately,manyimportantenvironmentalproblemsarenotconfinedtoanair,water,orlandsystem,butinvolveinteractionsbetweensystems.Acurrentexampleistheacidrainproblemstemmingfromtheemissionofsulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidegasesintotheatmospherefromthestacksofgeneratingstations®,smelters,andautomobileexhausts.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering起源于[‘sʌlfɚ][daɪ’ɑksaɪd]二氧化硫[‘smɛltɚ]n.熔炉;冶金厂[,ɔtəmə‘bil]n.汽车lotsof.Thesegasesarethentransportedbyaircurrentsoverwideregions,Rainfall“washesthemout”,creatingacidrainwhichisharmfultoaquaticlife,forests,andagriculturalcrops.Twoexamplesofinteractionbetweensystemsthatcausemajorenvironmentaldisturbancesarepresented——thebuildupofatmosphericcarbondioxide,aglobalproblem,andtheacidrainproblem,normallyofregionalnature.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineeringn.降雨[ə‘kwætɪk]adj.水生的增强.EnvironmentalDisturbances(Page8)Manymajorimprovementstoourstandardoflivingcanbeattributedtotheapplicationofscienceandtechnology.Afewexamplesarenotedhere.Canyouthinkofothers?Theproductionofmoreandbetterqualityfood.Thecreationofhousingasprotectionfromextremesclimatesandaslivingspace.Thebuildingoffastandreliablemeansoftransportation.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineeringn.房屋；住房供给；[机]外壳；.Theinventionofvarioussystemsofcommunication.Theinventionofmachinestoreplacehumanoranimalpower.Thesupplyofsafewaterandthedisposalofwastes.Theeliminationofmanyinfectiousdiseases.Theeliminationofmostwater-bornediseasesinthedevelopedworldthroughimprovedwatertechnology.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[ɪn‘fɛkʃəs]adj.传染的水传播性.Theavailabilityofleisuretimethroughgreaterproductivity,providingtheopportunityforculturalandrecreationalactivities.Theprotectionfromtheworsteffectsofnaturaldisasterssuchasfloods,droughts,earthquakes,andvolcaniceruptions.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[‘liʒɚ]adj.空闲的；业余的adj.文化的；教养的[,rɛkri‘eʃənəl]adj.娱乐的；修养的.Withtheseimprovements,however,havecomedisturbingsideeffects,suchaslostarableland,disappearingforests,environmentalpollution,andneworganismsresistanttocontrols.Manyeffectsoriginallyconsideredtobejustnuisancesarenowrecognizedaspotentialthreatstonatureandtohumans.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[dɪ‘stɝbɪŋ]adj.令人不安的副作用[‘ærəbl]adj.适于耕种的['njuːs(ə)ns]n.讨厌的人；损害；麻烦事；(Page8,thelastparagraph).Inanagrariansociety,peoplelivedessentiallyinharmonywithnature,raisingfood,gatheringfirewood,andmakingclothingandtoolsfromtheland.Thewastesfromanimalsandhumanswerereturnedtothesoilasfertilizer.Few,ifany,problemsofwater,land,orairpollutionoccurred.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[ə‘ɡrɛrɪən]adj.土地的；耕地的[‘fɝtəlaɪzɚ]n.肥料(Page8,thelastparagraph).Thecitiesofancienttimes,particularlythoseoftheRomanEmpire®,hadsystemstosupplywaterandtodisposeofwastes.TheaqueductssupplyingtheancientcityofRome(populationabout1million)withsafewaterfromtheCloacaMaxima®,thebestknownandoneoftheearliestsewerstobebuilt,areexamplesofsuchsystems.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[‘ækwɪ’dʌkt]n.导水管;沟渠[‘suɚ]n.下水道；阴沟(Page9,thefirstparagraph).ThemunicipaltechnologyofancientcitiesseemstohavebeenforgottenformanycenturiesbythosewhobuiltcitiesthroughoutEurope.Watersupplyandwastedisposalwereneglected,resultinginmanyoutbreaksofdysentery,cholera,typhoid,andotherwaterbornediseases.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[mju‘nɪsɪpl]adj.市政的[‘dɪsəntɛri]n.痢疾[‘kɑlərə]n.霍乱[‘taɪfɔɪd]n.伤寒(Page9,thefirstparagraph).Untilthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,itwasnotrealizedthatimproperwastesdisposalpollutedwatersupplieswithdisease-carryingorganisms.Theindustrialrevolutioninnineteenth-centuryBritain,Europe,andNorthAmericaaggravatedtheenvironmentalproblemssinceitbroughtincreasedurbanizationwiththeindustrialization.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineeringadj.不正确的;不适当的[,ɝbənɪ‘zeʃən]n.都市化(Page9).Bothphenomena,urbanizationandindustrialization,wereandarefundamentalcausesofwaterandairpollutionwhichthecitiesofthattimewereunabletohandle.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering(Page9,thefirstparagraph).Rapidadvancesintechnologyforthetreatmentofwaterandthepartialtreatmentofwastewatertookplaceinthedevelopedcountriesoverthenextfewdecades.Thisledtoadramaticdecreaseintheincidenceofwaterbornediseases®.Notethatallwastesdischargeintotheenvironment,andthuspolluteourwater,air,andlandsystems.Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[‘dɛked]n.十年[‘ɪnsɪdəns]n.发生率(Page9,thesecondparagraph).ExercisesPutthefollowingintoChinese.lifeexpectancypoverty-strickensmog-ladenairglobalconditionshavesandhave-notsUnit2EnvironmentalEngineering预期寿命；平均寿命['pɔvəti,strikn]adj.为贫穷所困恼的，为贫穷所困扰的；非常贫穷的烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气全球状况富人和穷人.ExercisesPutthefollowingintoChinese.underprivilegedsavannapredatorenvironmentaldisruptionsUnit2EnvironmentalEngineering[,ʌndɚ'prɪvəlɪdʒd]adj.贫困的；被剥夺基本权力的；社会地位低下的[sə'vænə]n.[生态]热带草原；热带的稀树大草原['predətə]n.捕食者；食肉动物；掠夺者环境破坏，环境失调.ExercisesPutthefollowingintoEnglish.农药化肥有机废物微生物衰减Unit2EnvironmentalEngineeringpesticide/agriculturalchemicals(including:pesticide,germicide,herbicide)chemicalfertilizerorganicwastesmicroorganism/microb[ə,tɛnjʊ'eʃən]attenuation[‘dʒɝmə,saɪd]n.杀菌剂[‘ɝbɪsaɪd]n.除草剂.ExercisesPutthefollowingintoEnglish.阻滞的稀释添加剂合成塑料再生Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering[rɪ'tɑrdənt]retardant/blockingdilutionadditivesyntheticplasticregeneration.感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！