英语语法汇总

叮叮小文库第一章名词一、名词的分类：名词就其 词汇 英语3500词汇语境记忆pets3考试词汇二年级反义词和近义词初中词汇词汇大全考研英语二高频词汇表 意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。专有名词：BeijingSmiththeUnitedNations个体名词：man,expert,factory可数名词集合名词：audience（观众），class,family普通名词：物质名词：water,coal,rice不可数名词抽象名词：surprise,honour,help二、可数名词的复数形式1．一般情况，直接加-s。port（港口）→ports；technique（技术）—techniques2．以s,x,ch,sh结尾发[s]、[∫]、[t∫]、[dЗ]音的词，加—esbus—buses,box—boxes,bush—bushesbranch—branches，stomach—stomachs（stomach词尾发k，故复数直接加-s）3．辅音字母+y，变y为i，加-esuniversity—universitiesy前为元音字母，直接加-sboy—boys4．以O结尾加-eshero—heroesO前为元音字母，及部分外来词直接加-szoo—zoosradio—radiopiano—pianosphoto—photos5．以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-esleaf—leaveswife—wives※以下f结尾单词直接加-sbelief—beliefs（信念）roof—roofs（屋顶）proof—proofs（证据）safe—safes（保险柜）chief—chiefs（首领）gulf—gulfs（海湾）6．不 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf 名词man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,goose—geese,mouse—mice,child—children,ox—oxen注1：有些可数名词的单复数相同，要根据上下文的意义来确定其单数还是复数，例如：sheep羊fish鱼deer鹿means手段，方法works工厂，作品series系列注2：在些可数名词，只有单数形式，但 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示复数意义。如果作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：cattle牛people人民police警察注3：集合名词既可看作单数（作为整体），也可看作复数（作为集体的各个成员）。例如：audience（观众）class（班级）family（家庭）group（小组）Herfamilyiswell-knownintheregion.她家在该地区是名门望族。Hisfamilyarequarrellingseverelyabouttheproperty.她的家人正在为分财产激烈地争吵。改错：1.Everypossiblemeanshavebeentriedtocuretheboyofhisillness.ABCD2.Fishalwayssellswellinthemarketsbecausefishcontainsrichprotein,whichcanbuildyouup.ABCD3.Isitthepolicewhoissearchingthehouseforawantedcriminal（罪犯）?ABCD三、不可数名词物质名词、抽象名词均属不可数名词。前面不能加不定冠词a/an，词尾也不能加—s。请牢记下列典型的不可数名词。news消息information信息advice忠告，建议progress进步，进展knowledge知识weather天气fun乐趣equipment设备English英语furniture家具wealth财富damage损坏traffic交通，车辆及行人baggage/luggage行李clothing衣服，衣着※word消息，信息work工作homework家庭作业housework家务改错：1．Whatafunitistobebathedinsunlightonthebeachinsummer.ABCD2．Atthethoughtofgainingsuchgreatwealthsbyprintingworksoffamouswriters,hewasfullofjoyABCD3．Whatpleasantsurpriseitistobringmesuchanicegift!ABCD4．Ifeelitgreathonourtobeinvitedtogiveadviceonyourteachingpapers.ABCD5．Wordofhissuddendeathcameasshocktous.ABCD说明1：部分抽象名词可与a（an）连用，此时词义发生变化，表示某种事或人。这些词有：surprise,pleasure,shock,honour,help,success等。当这类词在句中作表语（例3），作宾补（例4）及在介词as之后，词义发生变化，通常要加a/an。说明2：paper表示“纸”不可数。表示“报纸、 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 、书面作文、试卷、文件、有价证券”为可数名词。四、名词的所有格名词的所有格通常在名词后加—’s构成，用于表示所属关系。用于以下情况：1）表示有生命的名词mybrother’scarchildren’sbooks（儿童读物）students’rooms2）表示国家、城市、地域的名词China’spopulationBeijing’sweather3）表示天体、时间、距离、金钱的名词themoon’ssurfacetenyears’hardwork十年的辛劳today’snewspapers20dollars’worthofastamp一张价值20美元的邮票其他无生命的名词通常用“of+名词”的短语表示所属关系。theobjectofthesentence句子的宾语thetitleofthefilm影片的名字五、名词的作用1）名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语。Mr.Liholdsanimportantpositioninthegovernmentoffice.主语宾语Weelectedhimmonitorofourclass.宾语宾补2）名词还作其他名词的前置定语，用于更准确说明某物的用途，性质，组成材料等。ateacup茶杯acarnumber车牌号ashoeshop鞋店astonebridge石桥※※名词作定语必须用单数。man,woman作定语，用单数还是复数由被修饰的名词的单复数决定。sport作定语，单复数形式均可。amanteacher一个男教师tenwomendoctors十个女医生asport（s）shirt运动衫thearmsrace武器竞赛（特例）选：ItissaidthattheAirForceabout$80millionayear.Reallyaproblem,isn’tit?A．birdhitcostB．birdshitcostsC．birdhitscostD．birdhitcosts本题题义：空军每年因飞鸟撞击飞机造成的损失达大约八千万美元。考查的是名词作定语。名词作定语必须用单数，故可考虑的答案为A、C。又因一年内鸟击飞机事件多次发生，故选C。六、学习名词，特别要注意的问题1）准确把握词义，重视近义词的辩析选：Oneoftheadvantageoflivingonthetopfloorofahighriseisthatyoucangetagood.（2001年上海高考题）A．sightB．sceneC．viewD．look辩析：sight1.看见2.视力3.视野4.风景scene1.（事件发生的）现场2.场面;情景3.景色4.（拍电影）场景，（舞台）布置view1.眺望2.视野3.风景，景色。look1.看2.神色,表情looks=appearance外貌本句意为：住在高层建筑顶层的优越之一，是能清楚眺望到一切。故本题答案为C。近年来高考试卷非常重视对名词的考查，是重点热点之一。2）正确掌握名词前冠词的使用规则选：1.Summerin________southofFrancearefor________mostpartdryandsunny.A./;aB.the,/C./,/D.the,the2．Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofdifferentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.A．the；aB．不填；aC．the；theD．不填；the名词练习1.Heisamanof________andhehas_______interesting_______inhislife.A.muchexperience;alotof;experiencesB.manyexperiences;much;experienceC.manyexperience;much;experienceD.manyexperiences;alotof;experience2.Perhapsweneedtoclearawaythesebookstomake_______forournewstudents.A.placeB.areaC.roomD.space3.Ifyouaredrivingtotheairport,canyougivemea_______?A.handB.seatC.driveD.lift4.Beingabletospeakanotherlanguagefluentlyisagreat______whenyouarelookingforajob.A.chanceB.importanceC.assistantD.advantage5.The_______ofbuildingtheGreatTheater______onlyoneyear.A.job;spentB.work;spentC.position,tookD.works,took6.Hehadrunawayfromhomeandgoneto_______whenhewas16yearsold.A.theseaB.aseaC.seasD.sea7.Onlyonethirdofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingwere_________thenewrules.A.infavourofB.inagreementofC.inforD.witthesideof8.Everybodythinkslittleofthefilm.Infact,thereisno______ofitbeingtriedoutinthefilmfestival.A.signB.useC.possibilityD.doubt9.Canyour________withyou----money,jewellery,camerasandsoon.A.giftsB.suitcaseC.bagsD.valuables10.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtofinishtheirhomework_______.A.ofthemselvesB.oftheirownC.fortheirownD.ontheirown11.Whenheisangry,his_______standsuponend.A.headB.uniformC.hairD.skin12.HisletterwassoconfusingthatIcouldhardlymakeany______ofit.A.explanationB.meaningC.senseD.guess13.---IsMrSmithin?---No,he’saskedfor_______leave.A.atwoweek’sB.atwo-weekC.atwo-week’sD.atwoweeks14.-----______carcrashedintoatreeyesterday.Theymusthavebeendrivingtoofast.----Everyboyandeverygirl_____todrivethatfast.A.TomandJane’s;wishB.Tom’sandJane’s;wishesC.TomandJane’s;likesD.Tom’sandJane’s;want15.________MrWanghas!Healmostneverrememberswhereheleaveshiskeys.A.WhatapoormemoryB.WhatpoormemoryC.HowgoodamemoryD.Howpoormemory16.The_____changeofweathermayhavesome_____hishealth.A.sudden;causedB.sudden;effectonC.suddenly;badresultstoD.suddenly;effecton17.Becausepricesoffoodandclothingandalmosteverythingelseinthatcountryhavesteadilygoneupthebuying_______ofthedollarhasgonedown.A.energyB.forceC.powerD.strength18._______ofEnglishishelpfulifyouaredevotedto_______Englishliterature.A.Agoodknowledge;studyB.Agoodknowledge;studyingC.Goodknowledge;studyD.Goodknowledge;studying19.---Fewchildrenareasbrightasheis,andalso,heworksveryhard.---It’sno_______thathealwaysgetsthefirstplaceinanyexamination.A.doubtB.problemC.questionD.wonder20.Mary’shandwritingisbetterthan_______inherclass.A.anyoneelseB.anyoneelse’sC.anyone’selseD.otherstudents21.Itreallydoesn’tmakeany_____whethertobuyalaptopcomputeroradesktopcomputer.A.choiceB.decisionC.differenceD.sense22.Manystudentssignedupforthe_____raceinthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek.A.800-meter-longB.800-meters-longC.800meterlengthD.800meterslength23.Hisbehaviouratthepartylastnightseemedrather______.Manyofuswerequitesurprised.A.outofpracticeB.outofplaceC.outofpolitenessD.outofpity24.Thesefootballplayershadnostrict______untiltheyjoinedourclub.A.practiceB.educationC.trainingD.exercise25.Ifitwasnotanaccident,hemusthavedoneit________.A.onpurposeB.incommonC.onoccasionD.intime26.Wemustkeepourroomclean.Dirtanddiseasego_______.A.fromtimetotimeB.handinhandC.stepbystepD.oneafteranother27._____isknowntousall,_____feedongrasswhilehorsesongrain.A.It,cattleB.This;cattlesC.What;cattlesD.As;cattle28.______everyonecanhearthespeakerthereisno______inturninguptheradio.A.Nowthat;pointB.Evenif;pointC.Nowthat,needD.Evenif;need29.ShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst_______.A.intentionB.attemptC.purposeD.desire30.Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe______ofhowlifebegan.A.causeB.problemC.reasonD.puzzle31.JacktriedhardtogetagoldmedalinthisWinterOlympicGamesbuthehadno______.A.luckB.timeC.fateD.entrance32.Theyoungmanoweshissuccesstomanypeople,hisparents_______.A.afterallB.bychanceC.onpurposeD.inparticular33.Ishouldliketotrythatcoaton,forIdon’tknowifitismy_______.A.shapeB.modelC.designD.size34.Itisimportantforustoemployawordorphrasetothe_______inlanguagestudies.A.situationB.expressionC.conditionD.translation35.FlightBA123toViennaisnowboardingat_______.A.Gate21B.21stGateC.theGate21D.21Gate36.----Shallwetakeawalkbeforedinner?-----Oh,yes,______ismyfavouritetimeofaday.A.theearlyeveningsB.intheearlyeveningC.theearlyoftheeveningD.earlyevening37.Beingpoor,shehadtoborrowanew_______soastoattendtheparty.A.clothB.clothesC.clothingD.dress38.Popularmusicislikedbymanypeople,butitisnottoeveryone’s_______.A.mannersB.smellC.tasteD.thought39.Suchgood______shouldbemadeofone’ssparetimetostudyanotherforeignlanguage.A.chanceB.choiceC.decisionD.use40.Shethoughtthepaintingwasoflittle______,soshelethimhaveitforonly$15.A.costB.importantC.priceD.value41.Therearethree_______inourclinic.A.womandoctorB.womandoctorsC.womendoctorD.womendoctors42.Itriedevery______tomakehimgiveupsmoking.A.meanB.waysC.meaningD.means43.______willconquernature.A.ThemanB.ManC.AnymanD.Themen44.YesterdayIwasinvitedtothedinnerat_______.A.TurnersB.theTurnersC.Turners’D.theTurners’45.Jesswenttoa_______forsomeshoes.A.shoes’storeB.shoestoreC.shoe’sstoreD.shoesstore46.Standingontopofthemountain,you’llgetawonderful_______.A.joyB.seeingC.viewD.nature47.Hewaschosen_____ofthecompany.A.managerB.amanagerC.themanagerD.asamanager48.---WhatcanIdoforyou?---I’dliketohavea______ofChinaDaily.A.pieceB.sheetC.lotD.copy49.______itistolistentomusic!A.HowfunB.HowafunC.WhatafunD.Whatfun50.Whattheexperthassaidanddonewillbe_______tothedepartmentmanagers.A.valueB.benefitC.ofvaluableD.ofbenefit1-5ACDDD6-10DACDD11-15CCBCA16-20BCBDB21-25CABCA26-30BDABA31-35ADDAA36-40DDCDD41-45DDBDB6-50CADDD第二章主谓一致句子的谓语动词和句子的主语应在数方面保持一致。主谓一致的基本原则是：主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。句子的主语有以下几种类型：1．带后置定语型。其谓语动词的形式依主语的单复数而定，与后置定语无关。（together）with…except/but…S+besides…Vratherthan…aswellas…Alibrarytogetherwithalotofbookshasbeengiventoourschoolasagift.Twopilotsaswellasallthepassengerswerekilledinthisplanecrash.两个飞行员连同所有旅客都死于这次空难。2．部分—整体型。其谓语的单复数，由整体部分决定。70percenttwo-thirdspartofthe/one’s+n+Vhalf（整体）alltherest1）About70%ofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbywater.2）Partofthebooksareworthreading,buttherest（ofthem）areofnovalue.※注：all单独作主语时，All指人谓语用复数。All指物或事情谓语用单数。1）Allareeagertoreachanagreement.所有的人都急于达成 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 。2）Allisgoingwell.一切都进展顺利。3．定语仅能修饰单数名词型，其谓语动词用单数。Each/EveryEither/NeitherAnother+n（单数）+VManyaMorethanoneMorethanonegraduatewantstogotoworkinWesternChina.不止一个毕业生要求去中国西部工作。Manyadayhaspassedsincetheboywaslost.那个男孩失踪已有许多天。4．就近一致型。下列连词连接两个主语时，及therebe句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。AorB1）EitheryouorIamtomeetthematthestation.EitherAorB不是你就是我要去车站接他们。NeitherAnorB2）Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentsobjecttotheplan.NotonlyAbutalsoB3）Thereisanair-conditionerandtwocomputersinhisoffice.TherebeA,BandC在他办公室有一台空调和二台电脑。5．需记住的其他规则Either1）Neitherof+n作主语，谓语用单数。EachNoneof+n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数或复数均可。Noneof+n（单数）作主语，谓语用单数。Eitheroftheanswersisright.两个答案中有一个是对的。Noneofthecarswas/weredamaged.这些车都没有受损。Noneofthefoodhasgonebad.食物没有变质。2）anumberof+n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数。thenumberof+n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数。Alargenumberofstudentsarefromthesouth.很多学生是南方人。Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolhasgoneupto3000.我校学生数已上升到3000人。3）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。HeisoneofthefewpersonswhohaveagoodknowledgeofItalian.他是精通意大利语的少数人之一。在以上句子中，persons是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用复数。（比较）Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhowasgivenaprize.他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。当one之前有theonly修饰时，one是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。4）单个动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。两个并列的动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数。Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisn’tdecidedyet.（一个不定式作主语）WhatIsayandwhatIthinkarenoneofyourbusiness.我说什么，想什么与你无关。（两个并列主语从句作主语）5）each,any,every,no构成的复合代词都当作单数看待。Someoneisaskingyouonthephone.有人在打电话找你。注：复合代词作主语，反意疑问句的主语通常用they，也可用he。Everyonewaspresentatthemeeting,weren’tthey/wasn’the?Someonehasknownthenews,haven’tthey/hasn’the?6）以“s”结尾的书刊名、国名、机构名和学科名作主语，谓语用单数。TheUnitedNationswassetupin1942.联合国建于1942年。TheCanterburyTaleswaswrittenbyChaucer.《坎特伯雷故事集》是乔叟写的。Economicsismymajor.经济学是我的主修课程。7）某些形容词或分词和定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语，谓语用复数。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.病人得到医治，失踪的也已找回来了。8）由and连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。EnglishandChinesearequitedifferentlanguages.若and并列的主语在意义上指同一个人，同一概念或对立统一的事物，谓语动词用单数。Themanagerandsecretaryisasbusyasabeeallday.那位经理兼秘书整天忙忙碌碌。（两个名词共用一个冠词，指同一个人）Warandpeaceisacontantthemeinhistory.战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。（对立统一的一对事物）9）单复数同形的名词如deer,means；集合名词如family作主语，如何决定谓语动词的单复数，请见第四章冠词。Exercise1主谓一致1．I,whoyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.A．beB．amC．isD．are2．TheUnitedStatesmustlookoutoftherightsofcitizens.A．itsB．theirC．oursD．us3．SofarasIknow,morethanonepersonconnectedwiththeaccident.A．isB．hasC．areD．have4．Mathsaswellasphysicsalwaysmetomuchtrouble.A．causesB．putsC．causeD．put5．NotonlyyouandIbutPeter,thetopstudentinourgrade,notabletosolvetheproblem.A．areB．wereC．isD．am6．ThereoneortwothingsthatIhavetomention.A．isB．areC．hasD．have7．EitherIormyaccountant（会计）toblamefortheloss?A．IsB．AreC．AmD．Does8．Sofar70%ofthepoorinthisareaoutofpoverty（贫困）withthehelpofthelocalgovernment.A．hasgotB．aregettingC．havegotD．hadgot9．Collectingstampsasahobbyincreasinglypopularduringthepasttenyears.A．becameB．becomesC．hasbecomeD．havebecome10．Whetherornotthenewplanwillproduceanypositive（积极的）resultstobeseen.A．remainB．isremainedC．remainsD．haveremained11．Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestbadhealth.A．leadtoB．leadstoC．resultinD．resultfrom12．Heistheonlyoneofthosespeakerswhoideasperfectlyclear.A．maketheirB．makeshisC．expresstheirD．express13．Everypossiblemeanstried,butwithoutmuchresult.A．hasbeenB．havebeenC．areD．is14．Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.A．seemB．lookC．seemsD．looks15．Allwehaveseenandheardourmemory.A．isdeeplyimpressedonB．greatimpressC．arestronglyimpressedinD．highlyimpresses1-5BAABC6-10AACCC11-15BBACA第三章代词 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称代词 主格 I you hesheit we you they 宾格 me you himherit us you them 物主代词 形容词性 my your hisherits our your their 名词性 mine yours hishersits ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself Himselfherselfitself ourselves yourselves themselves一、人称代词的用法1．人称代词的主格在句中作主语Heisalwaysthinkingmoreofothersthanofhimself.2．人称代词的宾格作动词和介词的宾语Youcan’ttrusthim.Whoelsewantstogoforapicnicbesideshim?注1．主格，宾格均可作表语，在口语中用宾格较多IfIwereshe,Iwouldactonthedoctor’sadvice.——Whoisknockingatthedoor?——It’sme.※注2．作主语的人称代词孤立地使用在无谓语动词的句中，常用宾格——Iwantanapple.——Me,too.“What!Metosaysorrytohim?No!”注3．两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时，其顺序是：单数按2，3，1人称排列；复数按1，2，3人称排列。You,she（Mary）andImustattendtoday’smeeting.※IandTomaretoblame.该责备的是我和汤姆（在承认错误或自我批评时，说话人一般把自己放在他人之前讲。）二、it的用法1．代替已提到的事物或上文提及的情况Heboughtamagazineandlentittome.Hermotherhasdied.Itisaterribleshocktoher.她母亲死了。这对她打击很大。2．用于It+be+n/adj句型中，说明天气、时间、距离等Itisfreezingcoldtoday.Itisfiveminutes’ridefromheretothestation.3．（未指明但谈话双方都明白的）那件事；那种情况。--------Doyoulikeithere?-------Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingisnice.4．代替性别尚不明的婴儿和小孩Shewasholdingababyinherarmsanditwascrying.5．作形式主语或形式宾语，代替作主语或宾语的不定式，动名词或从句Itwaskindofyoutosendmeapresent.（it作形式主语）Imakeitaruletowalktwomilesaday.我通常一天步行二英里。（it作形式宾语）Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewithme.我的理解是，你和我看法不同。（it作形式宾语）☆注：少数动词，如take（理解），hate，dislike，不能直接带宾语从句，须在动词和宾语从句之间，加形式宾语it。5．Itis/was…that….构成强调句，强调句中某一部分ItwasIthat/whotoldhimaboutit.（强调主语I）三、物主代词1．形容词性物主代词只能作名词的前置定语，不能单独使用Thosepeoplearemyschoolmates.2．名词性物主代词单独使用，在句中作主语，表语和宾语作主语Yourbikeisblack.Mine（Mine=Mybike）isred.作表语Thisfaultisyours,nothers.这是你的过错，不是她的错。作宾语Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.MayIuseyours?3．名词性物主代词与of连用构成双重所有格1）表示部分概念YesterdayIcameacrossanoldfriendofmine（=oneofmyoldfriends）inthestreet.2）表示强调Weshowgreatinterestinthisinventionofyours（=yourinvention）Besurenottobelievethatdaughterofhers（herdaughter）千万别信她的那个女儿。四、反身代词1．作动词或介词的宾语ShehasbeenteachingherselfEnglish.她一直在自学英语。2．作表语Iamnotquitemyselftoday.我今天身体不太好。3．作主语或宾语的同位语，译“亲自”；“本人，自己”Themayorhimselfwilllookintothematter.市长将亲自调查这件事。You’dbetteraskthepatienthimselfabouthistrouble.关于病人的病情，你最好问他自己。4．反身代词的重要短语Igavetheroomagoodcleaningallbymyself.byoneself=alone/onmyown独自一人Iwillbemyselfinnotime.beoneself身体或大脑正常Pleasemakeyourselfathome.请不要受拘束helponeselftosth.自行取用，随意拿取Helpyourselftoapples.Noonewasthere,soshehelpedherselftoallthemoneyonthetable.Hecametohimselfafewminuteslater.cometooneself苏醒Itisbettertothinkforyourself.thinkforonself独立思考，自己作出决定I’dbegrateful(thankful)ifyoukeepthisinformationtoyourself.keepsth.tooneself不把某事告诉别人五、相互代词eachother一般指两者；oneanother一般指三者或三者以上。但现在可以通用，不加区别。在句中仅作宾语，不能作主语。Weshouldcareforeachotherandhelpeachother.Theyoftenstayatoneanother’shouses.他们经常住在彼此的家里。六、不定代词1．some和anysome及复合代词someone,something用于肯定句。any及复合代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。Someofthemilkhasgonebad.Ihaven’tanymoneyonme.Ifanythingunusualhappens,letmeknow.若发生异常情况，请告诉我。注1．若表示请求，建议，尽管是疑问句，用some，不用any。Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?ShallIbringsomefoodtotheparty?注2．any及复合代词也可用于肯定句，表示三者或三者以上中任何一个。Ithinkanyofhismovieswouldinterestyou.——Whichwouldyoulike,tea,coffeeorwine?——Anywilldo.随便哪一个都行。2．each和everyeach用于强调两个或两个以上的人或事物中每一个。既可作定语，也可作主语和宾语。Eachoftheboyshashisstrongandweakpoints.Thereisabookstoreoneachsideofthestreet.every（形容词）用于表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中每一个。在句中只能作定语。Ihavereadeverybookhelentme.请注意以下不定代词的特殊用法或固定搭配①Ihavereaditinsomemagazine.some修饰单数可数名词，相当于acertain②Sheissomethinglikehismother.她有点像她的母亲。③Heissomethingofanexpertatcomputers.他是一个出色的电脑专家。④Sheisnothingbutadancer.她只不过是一个跳舞的。（nothingbut=only）⑤Hewasanythingbutpleasedatthenews.听到这个消息他一点不高兴。（anythingbut=not…atall）3．both,either,neither和all,any,noneboth两者，双方；neither（两者）都不，（两者中）无一；either（两者之中）任何一个；all（三者或三者以上）全体人员，所有东西。none（三者或三者以上）都不。any（三者或三者以上中）任何一个。作用：1）作主语BothofhisstudentsarefromBeijing.Eitheroftheteamshasthechanceofwinning.Neitherofhisnovelsissatisfactory.Noneofushave（has）everbeenabroad.Noneofthemoneywaspaidtome.2）作名词的定语Hespentallhismoney.Bothsidesareeagertoreachanagreement.Thereisapostofficeoneithersideofthestreet.Neitherseatisoccupied.两个位子都空着。3）both,all,each作主语同位语，位于be动词/助动词和行为动词中间。作宾语同位语，置于宾语之后。Theyareboth（all）tiredofreading.Weeachhavedifferentopinionsaboutit.Iwillinviteyouboth=Iwillinvitebothofyou.选择：——Haveyouanymoney?Ineedsomebadly.——Sorry.atall.A.NothingB.NooneC.NoneD.Alittle注1.指带没有上文中提到的人或物，用none.2.none不能做定语。下句是典型病句:Luckily,nonepassengerswereinjuredinthecaraccident.3.noone仅指人；noone,nothing等不定代词不能接“of+n.”结构Everyoneofuslikesit.判断下列句子是否正确。如果有错，请改正。1．TheParkersboughtanewhouse,buttheywillneedalotofdecorationbeforetheymovein.ABCD2．Somepeoplemakemoremoneythanweteachers,butfewgainasmuchsatisfactionfromhiswork.ABCD3．BetweenyouandI,wehavenothingincommon.ABCD4．Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingcheapbecausethereishardlysomethingleft.ABCD5．Themenandwomenwhopushedthefrontier（边境）WestwardacrossAmericaprobablyAneverthoughtofthemasbravepioneers.BCD6．MywifeandIreachedtheagreementthateverythingismoreimportantforusthanbuildingABCDasolidbankaccount.7．TherearetwobusestoBaihaiPark.Youcantakeeachofthem.ABCD8．Believeitornot.Thereissuchnothingwhichwillhappenhere.ABCD9．Hisrefusalcameasnonesurprise.Iexpectedit.ABCD10．Wheneachthepopstarsteppedintothehall,allthepeoplepresentburstintocheers.ABCD另外，替代上述之事用that,this,it；替代下文要说的事，用this：Hermotherwasill.That/Thisiswhyshecouldn’tcome.Theproblemisthis：heissufferingfromcancer.4．one和that1）one替代上文提到的同种类的人或事物，但非同一个人或物。one=a+单数名词。——Whatdoyouthinkofthewatches?——Excellent.I’mgoingtobuyone.=Igoingtobuyawatchlikethem.其复数形式为ones。Thewhitecoatsmatchthehatthantheblueones.白色上衣比蓝色上衣更配这顶帽子。one只能替代可数名词。若其有形容修饰，需加“a”；若其后有限制性后置定语，需加“the”。例1：Thishatistoosmallforme.Canyouchangeitforabiggerone?例2：Thispictureistheonemymotherwantstohaveverymuch.2）that替代上文提到的同种类的事物。that=the+单数名词，常用thatof…结构。例1：Myseatwasnexttothatofthemayor.（that=theseat）例2：Theairofasuburbisclearerthanthatofacity.郊外的空气比都市的干净。that可替代可数名词（例1），也可替代不可数名词（例2）。其复数形式为those。Ourrulesarequitedifferentfromthoseofotherorganizations.one和that作“替代”的用法，是高考的一个重点热点。5．疑问代词who,what,which1）which既可指人，也可指物。表示在一定范围内“哪一个”。Whichoftheseideascoststheleast?在这些办法中，哪一个花费最小？Whichdoyouprefer,classicalmusicorpopularmusic?2）who（谁），what（什么）则用于无选择范围的情况。Whoareyoutalkingabout?Whatisyourhobby?你的业余爱好是什么？6．部分否定1）everyone,everything可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。——Iseveryonehere?——Yes,excep