从《道连格雷的画像》探讨王尔德的唯美主义思想毕业论文

毕业设计（论文） 题 目 Discussion of Oscar Wilde’s Thoughts of the Aestheticism From The Picture of Dorian Gray CONTENTS I 摘 要 II Abstract 1 Part 1 Memorize Oscar Wilde and His Aestheticism 1 Part 2 Analyse Literature View Embodied in "The picture of Dorian Gray" 6 Part 3 Analyse Aestheticism from Four Main Characters 11 Part 4 Conclusion 14 References 从《道连格雷的画像》探讨王尔德的唯美主义思想 摘 要 本文主要从纪念王尔德，《道连格雷的画像》中所体现的文艺观，文本中主要角色分析唯美主义思想以及唯美主义思想所产生的深远意义进行写作。王尔德的价值不仅在唯美主义的历史上得到了见证，同时，他更撼动了英国，撼动了欧洲最为顽固的礼法，让历史在前进的一页上留下了这个非凡的名字。文艺观即“生活模仿艺术，远甚于艺术模仿生活”。通过对三个主要男性人物和一个女性人物的分析，我们看到了王尔德的唯美主义的轮廓和内涵，他认为艺术不会模仿生活，而且能战胜生活的丑陋；艺术是非道德的，超越道德；艺术和时代相对抗，表现在艺术不表现时代，只表现自身，并且艺术与时代精神是相反的；最后，艺术以追求“形式”为目标。唯美主义虽然昙花一现，未能赶上现代派的洪流，但是在连接传统和现代的纽带上发挥着不可忽视的作用。 关键词：王尔德；唯美主义；道连格雷的画像 Discussion of Oscar Wilde's Thoughts of the Aestheticism From The Picture of Dorian Gray Abstract This essay is mainly written for four aspects. They are memorizing Oscar Wilde, the literature view embodied in “The picture of Dorian Gray”, analysing the aestheticism and the meaning of aestheticism. Oscar Wilde's value which is not only in the history of aestheticism has been witnessed, at the same time, he recounts the English and shakes the most stubborn of European etiquette, so that it leaves this extraordinary name in the historical page. The literature view is that “the life imitates the art, far better than the art imitates the life.” Through the analysis of the three main male characters and a female figure, we can see the outline of Oscar Wilde's aesthetic and content, he believes that the art does not imitate the life, but overcomes the life's ugliness: the art is non-moral but beyond the ethics; the art confronts the times, and it shows that the art does not show the times, only perform itself. Besides, the art and the spirit of the times are the opposition; Finally, the art is in the pursuit of "form" as the goal. Although the aestheticism is short-lived and failed to catch the flood of modernist, in the connecting link between the tradition and modern it plays a significant role. Keywords： Aestheticism; Oscar Wilde; The Picture of Dorian Gray The mission of art is to provide mankind with a sense of joy on the concept, rather than pass some kind of moral or emotional information. The art should not have any factors of preaching, but the pursuit of pure beauty. The aesthetes take the pursuit of art's "beauty" as the great joy, and believe that "beauty" is the essence of art and advocate the life should imitate art. Oscar Wilde is one representative. Part 1 Memorize Oscar Wilde and His Aestheticism November 30th, 2000 is the centenary of Wilde's death, a hundred years ago, when Oscar Wilde died alone in a hotel in Paris, he certainly would not have thought that one day it will be not only been more tolerant by Americans remembering him ("Times" compares him with Dickens), but the British who treat him so seriously and ruthlessly also bury the hatchet in his years before and after the memorial celebration with a variety of high-profile to comfort the souls inverse. His name is controversial in the history of English literature, “The Picture of Dorian Gray" is known as the "immoral monster"in a long time. But today, the pluralistic social value system gives a unusual evaluation to Oscar Wilde, it lets us stand in the fair and objective aesthetic position to reread his "The Picture of Dorian Gray". In short, Oscar Wilde's value which is not only in the history of aestheticism has been witnessed, at the same time, he recounts the English and shakes the most stubborn of European etiquette, so that it leaves this extraordinary name in the historical page. Part 2 Analyse Literature View Embodied in "The picture of Dorian Gray" The preface of “The Picture of Dorian Gray " contains Oscar Wilde's arguments of the fundamental view on beauty. He believes that ” in addition to itself, the art does not show anything. With the same as thought, it has the independent life, and purely develops according to their own lines. " Life and nature have not perfection, they must be processed through the art. The bad art is caused by life and nature, and it is the result of increasing life and nature to ideal. Sometimes life and nature can be used as one material part of art, but before they have no the real use of art, they must be converted to a conventional art. Once the art gives up its imaginary media, it will give up everything. As a kind of method, the realism is a complete failure. Each artist should avoid these two things which are modernity of the forms and modernity of the theme…Life runs faster than the realism, but romanticism is always ahead in life. [7] Through the analysis of his work, [8] I select four main idea about "what is beauty". First, it is "put the sensibility as beauty". Because the art is a mirror of reflecting "the mirror, rather than life". It emphasizes the autonomy of the art. Secondly, it is "put the interest as beauty." In the preamble of “The Picture of Dorian Gray”, it expresses "in the beautiful works, someone who can find the meaning of the beauty are polite. These people have the hope." "Educated" can find the "fun" of beauty and understand the "fun" of beauty. Thirdly, it is "put the imagine as beauty." If the "put the sensibility as beauty" is focus on the forms which are given concern on works by the artists, then, "put the imagine as beauty" is focus on the process of creating transport thinking by the artists. In "The Picture of Dorian Gray", it is said: "All art is a kind of behavior, it tries to realize self-personality on some imaginary plane " [9]. Fourthly, it is "put the form of innovation as beauty." "In every sphere, life is the beginning of things" (forms are the beginning of all things) "Form is everything." (Form would be everything). Besides, the content is just the material, "The artists are always viewing the art works irregularly from the style of beauty and the describing of beauty " [10] , so the form of innovation is inevitable. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dorian Gray is a simple, kind, handsome and young aristocrat, after seeing the picture that the artist and portrait, Basil Hallward, paints for him, he is attracted by his own handsome in the painting. Then, he makes a preposterous promise: "If I can be young forever, and the portrait is growing old! For this purpose - for this purpose - I am willing to give anything! Yes, I am willing to give everything in the world, I am willing to take my soul exchange"[11]. Unexpectedly, a language is said in, it not only carries the ugliness of his portrait looks, but also records the traces of his moral depravity. In the end of the text, the final conflict comes out between the art and the reality. We do a reflection of Dorian Gray’s soul, and finally realize that "his beauty is nothing but a mask and the youth has become a laughing stock. What is youth ? It is a naive and immature period, it is full of shallow insights and unhealthy thoughts. Why does he always wear this body livery? Youth spoiles him "[12]. Therefore, Dorian, whose appearance is still young and handsome, stabs the portrait with a dagger in the extremely disgust and fear of the portrait, but he himself falls to the ground in the knife. "His face is haggard, hideous, and his skin is wrinkled." However, the " the portrait of the owner hanging on the wall is the same as when they met the last time, it seems so young and handsome miraculously" [13]. As the portrait is a symbol of the art and beauty, apparently in the final text, Wilde reveals the work's aesthetic theme: the art overcomes the life, the art and the beauty are the eternal supremacy. Although Dorian is beautiful in real life, in the portrait he is slowly getting more and more ugly, older and older. His portrait is the visible reflection of the falling soul. Although he looks beautiful, his thinking is very ugly and evil, and this portrait bears all these things, it is his ugly inner externalization. The damage and distortion of the art itself shows that the more the reality of artistic life is reflected, the more it goes far away from the beauty. While at the same time, the art also reflects the reality mercilessly. Obviously the portrait is given a transcendent perfect personality, and Dorian is said to be reflected even liking the type of mirror. The work seems to show a realistic characteristics, while the realism is just rejected and depreciated by Oscar Wilde. Therefore, the portrait recoveres the original state, that is, the beauty overcomes the ugliness, which expresses his aesthetic point of view. This is precisely reflects the view of the relationship between art and life, that is" the life imitates the art, far better than the art imitates the life." "Put the sensibility as beauty." Oscar Wilde has a natural sensitivity and extraordinary perception to the beauty, he really has one pair of eyes which can find beauty. Once he said, people are wearing the mask of a picture, you can always change at any time, it does not matter weather it is real or not as long as it has a sense of beauty. Treating life as the stage, he always trusted the beauty of appearance. "Only the surperficial features can be forever." [14]. Reflected in “The Picture of Dorian Gray”, the meaning of the beauty is rich and complex, on the path of seeking the beauty, it not only can have a nightingale’s singing and angel’s halo, but also the colorful dance of a female demon and indulgent pleasure. Throughout the creation, “The Picture of Dorian Gray”, we can find, in this work, there are all sorts of the fine characterization of the appearance of beauty and enthusiastically eulogizing the beauty of spirit, as well as enjoying the beauty of the delicate description of the sensory. Shocked in his novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray ", the aesthetic beauty of a clear preference for the senses makes no secret of the pursuit of sensual pleasure, "Treating the soul’s pain through the senses and getting rid of the starvation by the soul are one of the great secret of life" [15]. Aestheticism extremely worships the form and appearance of the beauty, and its works of art are concerned with the form of beauty rather than content. Oscar Wilde, the first person who regards literature as the art, obviously attaches great importance to his work in the perfection of the form. His literary works presents the colorful aesthetic world to the readers. The art is the lie, it does not tell the true story about the beauty. Whether themes, characters, or scenes, they are trying to stimulate the reader's imagination and arouse the reader's yearning for ideal beauty. In “The Picture of Dorian Gray”, Oscar Wilde does his best to practice his faith of the "aestheticism", the musicality of the language and awakening of the quality on the beauty of visual effects, it can make those into people's consciousness. Oscar Wilde has always been the pursuit of beauty of language is to spare no effort. He attaches importance to the beauty of language, rhythm, imagery and symbolism of beauty and so on. Oscar Wilde also places great emphasis on the plot of work. Either the rich and fascinating plot, or the ingenious idea, surprisingly has shown his relentlessly pursuit for the plot of the beauty with sparing no effort. He works his vertical and clever wit of the language to an extreme talent. "Words are singing" [1]. "His language is the most wonderful achievement" [2]. Those dazzling absurd argument, ironic humor and exaggerated contrast, have been a pleasant surprise. The way of life of the beauty is also the pursuit of Oscar Wilde. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dorian and Lord Henry believe in the "new hedonism", in fact, it is a typical way of life of the aestheticism. Out of the exclusion of the vulgar reality, even out of the understanding of life going, we should make life into an art, put ourselves into a work of art and pay attention to the beauty at any aspects in life. And obviously, at the end of the text, it reveals one theme of the aestheticism of the relationship between art and life: life is ugly, art overcomes life, art and beauty are the eternal supremacy. Dorian's portrait is on behalf of the art itself, and Dorian is the speaker of the life. Dorian who lives in the life is beautiful, and Dorian's portrait which is in his consciousness grows old and ugly day by day. So we can see that the portrait is the portrayal of Dorian's fallen, his looks is contrary to his heart. We not only see his face and body which are scared to Heaven's, but also see his dirty, ugly and numb soul. The portrait is the externalization of his evil heart, and the damaging and distortion of art by him shows that the more the art reflects the real life, the more it is away from the beauty, just as the portrait with the increase of Dorian's misdeeds becomes increasingly more ugly. So in fact, Dorian is more afraid of his growing old, he is fear of losing youth. He treats his portrait as a benchmark of life, but after repeated constantly struggling, and finally he uses a dagger to stab himself in contradictions, and died lying on the ground. However, the portrait stands in place, it still maintains its original. The youthful in the portrait is in the solidification of the eternal. Visiblely, the life acknowledges being defeated by the art. Art and life have no relationship with each other or art can catch the beauty unless it is over the life, it can reflect its non-utilitarian nature, no purpose, and this is even a manifestation which the life imitates the art, that is, "the life imitates the art, even more than the art imitates the life." Part 3 Analyse Aestheticism from Four Main Characters So, how does Oscar Wilde's aestheticism in art and ethics, the relationship between art and the times in the "portrait" embody? I believe that we can analyze it from the three heroes' personality psychology in the text. This is the best embodiment of Oscar Wilde's three different sides. 3.1 Analyse Aestheticism from Basil Hallward First, let's look at Basil Hallward, he is the painter who paints a portrait for Dorian. After reading the whole text, we can clearly see that he is a typical aestheticism, his pursuit of the art has reached the crazy point that the whole people become stiff atheists. When Basil Hallward sees the moment of Dorian, he is shocked by Dorian’s beauty, he feels that "the whole person, the soul, together with the art itself are swallowed by him", Dorian's beauty not only makes Basil Hallward "look at things and past in different view," but also gives him "revelation of a new technique, a new style." He exhausts all his mental and physical force into the creation and appreciation among the portrait. In some extent, Dorian's beauty becomes only a way of life and supports his conviction, so we see that he is addicted to painting for Dorian at the first time. In a quiet atmosphere, he gets narcissism, self-paralysis, he finds Dorian's beauty, at the same time, he creates the beauty. More important, he pursues the beauty, so when we see Henry's appearence, Dorian's abnormal activity and preference for that people who makes him feel puzzled, Basil Hallward feels upset, loss, or even despairing. Entirely, his personality is Oscar Wilde's reflection of his own pursuit for aestheticism. Basil Hallward also does not want to display the portrait, because the aestheticism advocates non-utilitarian nature, he is not willing to use art in exchange for money and fame, just as a gift for Dorian, so Basil Hallward is focus on only "form "or the moment of beauty, and has nothing to do with the morality.[3] Originally the painter treats the portrait as his ideal beauty, but the harsh reality has continued to be tampering with his ideals, the artistic beauty which the artist creats by his own ideals falls in connection with the gradual decline of Dorian's degeneration. But he remains confident for the beauty, and forgives Dorian again and again, and he wants to save Dorian by using religional power. However, he does not know this is counter-production for Dorian, Henry's hedonism has taken root in his mind, as the ideal beauty is the gratuitous nonsense even without pleasure, at the same time it will arouse Dorian's desire to destroy. In pursuit, there are two fundamental moral differences and contradictions, so what he kills Basil Hallward is inevitable. If the final death is Basil Hallward's "tragedy", then it is also the aestheticism's "tragedy", in which we can see Oscar Wilde's contradiction and disillusionment. Oscar Wilde lets Basil Hallward go to die, on the one hand, it shows that he might have realized that the pursuit of pure beauty and separating the relationship between art and life are inevitable demise of the outcome. And Basil Hallward, who is his over-emphasis on art above all else, even poses that "each portrait painting drawn by the inner emotion is the artist not a model, the model is occasionally involved in. It is an incentive, the artist reveals not the model on the color of the canvas, but the artist himself, I do not want to take this picture to be displayed, because it exposes the secrets of my soul "; Due to the excessive pursuit of the " pure " of the art and we can not resist the temptation of the beauty, so even he has known Dorian's fall, the rumors have been imagined no authenticity and eventually he dies in the hands of Dorian and becomes victim of his own work-beautiful offerings; On the other hand, it also shows Oscar Wilde's contradiction and confusion. Originally Basil Hallward is on behalf of Oscar Wilde's "pure" absolutely, he advocates arts first, it is above morality, but he simply can not seem to get rid of the reality and absolute self-transcendence of life, he can not let the pursuit of the thin pure stand in the history of the great wave of reality, so what he arranges Basil Hallward's death is his thought of society and life's contradiction, frustration and confusion. 3.2 Analyse Aestheticism from Lord Henry Secondly, let's look at Lord Henry, it is said that Oscar Wilde is a person who seems from outside world, the reality of Oscar Wilde and Henry in the text have been used to make a similar comparison, there is no doubt that Lord Henry is an aesthete. Because we say, in nineteenth-century, British society is capitalism in transitional period, Victorian is filled with moral hypocrisy, pan-mercantilism and the utilitarian nature of color of the social habits. Oscar Wilde practices aesthetic doctrine with standing all this critical position on the hands, he thinks that "in this era of turmoil and confusion, in this moment of terrible strife and despair, there is only worry-free paradise of the beauty, you can make people forget and be happy. Where we should go if we do not go to the beautiful paradise?" The temple of beauty is the aestheticism and his nothing more than another ideal state. In action, he often wares loose collar, tunic spike trimmed with black velvet, filament socks, and velveteen pants. And he wins the crowd's attention by the quick-witted and sarcastic language in social intercourse. We say that Oscar Wilde uses this unusual way to resist the high society, since Lord Henry is the projection in the illusion, then he is against the bourgeoisie in the same way. He was an important figure in the novel, his image is grasped by macro, it leaves us the most impressing is his fancy language and cynicism. In the relationship of young Dorian Gray, he plays the "evil" role to awake Dorian, he's humor and anti-theory paradox is throughout a theme--the pleasure principle. When he looks the portrait for the first time, although he thinks it is beautiful, despite the artist Basil Hallward repeatedly praises the beauty of Dorian even causing his desire of the creation, he still says that the portrait of the people "never use their brains, I am convinced that he is a kind of beautiful creatures which do not have mind, when the winter has no flowers and summer needs to refresh the brain, the best there is in his eyes, "which can be seen that the object of his own is lack of anger and causes by no soul, that is, that the portrait reflects only the shape and appearance models, it does not reflect the essential and inner nature. So Henry begins guiding Dorian, "the purpose of life is self-development, the performance of a fully human nature, that is the purpose which each of us lives in the world "," If each person can fully live comfortable life and can be expressed to any of their feelings, say any idea and achieve any dream--if so, I believe that the world can radiate a vibrant vitality. "[4]He believes that life's most important is to be happy, life's purpose is to fully meet people’s requirements and desires of the nature of the impulse, "In addition to the senses, nothing can treat the soul's pain, at the same, only the soul can lift the hunger and thirst of the senses. "So he shows a purely anti-traditional in the social circle, which makes a lot of traditional old-fashioned feel fresh or unusual, they see the rationality as the pursuit of the times and concept of hypocrisy. He sees Dorian as a simple impurity, so he spares no effort to take him as their new hedonism of the subjects, so as to mobilize Dorian's instinctive desire and inspire his emotional desire, it makes him into a maze, eventually become a victim of the conflict between body and soul. From Dorian's outcome, we can see that Henry is successful, he makes the ultimate demise of Dorian's physical and spiritual reflection in the fall and also suffering much, only the art which the portrait is on the wall is not change, which Oscar Wilde's art is an another ideology of aesthetic expression to compete with the times. 3.3 Analyse Aestheticism from Sibyl Vane Thirdly, let's focus on the only major female face Sibyl Vane in the text. Her appearence is a turning point for Dorian. She is a stage actor, Dorian falls in love with her after seeing her performance in Shakespeare, she becomes the object of his first love, and he is very kind enough to describe her beauty to Henry and does his best to praise her performance, which are in keeping with his aesthetic dimension in the pursuit of perfect ideal of art. Sibyl Vane has just become his pursuit of "beauty" in the reflection of reality, because Dorian appreciates her beauty which is on the stage, so when Sibyl Vane goes back to reality, and also falls in love with this "charming prince", her beauty begins to fade away immediately. Dorian is also immediately aware of the falling of her change in attitude and preferences, her acting becomes "artificial" "clumsy" and she has become "vulgar", Dorian abandons her ruthlessly , her death is that she turns the real world from the art world. As Oscar Wilde thinks that "all the bad art is the result of returning to the nature and life, and is the result of living the nature and life up to the ideal." Sibyl Vane, as the embodiment of art, although she is aware of the real life, she does not realize the charming appearance of Dorian's selfish and cold, so she departs from the art, and rises the life to ideal with resulting in her love shattered in the real life. And when she does not have the characteristics of art, in Dorian's life, she naturally disappears. This is the refraction of Oscar Wilde's philosophy which era and art can not coexist.[5] 3.4 Analyse Aestheticism from Dorian Gray Finally, let's see Dorian, many above statements have analysed a lot of him, including his role which Oscar Wilde wants to become a performer, the most important aestheticism literature and art. Including the relationship between art and life, the relationship between art and morality, the relationship between art and the times, the pursuit of art of the "form" as the goal, and so on. This is mainly reflected in the binary relationships between the portrait of Dorian and Dorian himself. The portrait is the reproduction of Dorian's beauty and youth, as well as infusing his noble sentiment into art and beauty, but when Dorian is aware of his own beauty and under the guidance of Lord Henry, he germinates his "evil", so as the decadence of his soul and the growing of his evil desire, the portrait becomes more and more ugly, older and older. The portrait is a mirror-like reflection on Dorian, which of course implies a metaphor for art reflecting life. When the portrait changes by Dorian's changing, it means that the art damages and distorts the life, because the more the art reflects real life, the more is away from the beauty, just as Dorian's misdeeds increasing. The changing of portrait can be a symbol of Oscar Wilde's disillusion, it also reflects the irreconcilable aspect between art and morality, because Dorian is always in order to obtain eternal beauty but betray conscience. The portrait is just as a symbol of the conscience, Dorian wants to kill his own conscience but kills himself, this is another set of contradictions or the author's thought on the relationship between morality and beauty.[6] Part 4 Conclusion In a word, through the analysis of the three main male characters and a female figure, we can see the outline of Oscar Wilde's aesthetic and content, he believes that the art does not imitate the life, but overcomes the life's ugliness; the art is non-moral but beyond the ethics; the art confronts the times, and it shows that the art does not show the times, only perform itself. Besides, the art and the spirit of the times are the opposition; Finally, the art is in the pursuit of "form" as the goal. We see that these four people have the shadow of aestheticism, but their focuses are on different surfaces, and through the intertwined relationships, it builds a theory of aestheticism. It is worthy of paying more attention to that, in many aspects Oscar Wilde not only goes to the extreme, but also embodies the contradictions of himself. such as in art and life's issues, in the end whether art reflects life or not, Oscar Wilde does not respond in "The Picture of Dorian Gray", it is blurred; Another example of art and morality, whether the two is absolutely incompatible, Wilde does not give the answer, too. These issues reflect the one hand, its theoretical performance is not tight, and we should take an objective look at Wilde's view of the trial as a novelist of the world on the value of the questions, which is positive thinking and keen insight, it should cause the times' reflection. Oscar Wilde is an important figure in the transitional period which turned the British traditional literature into the modern literature. As the lord of the aestheticism art, his aesthetic and creative thinking has initially revealed the beginning of the modern consciousness. [16] The influence of Oscar Wilde’s performance lies in the following aspects: 1, In the aesthetic ideology, Oscar Wilde introduces the evil and lying into the range of beauty and artistic expression. Oscar Wilde proposes that "the purpose of art is to show the art itself", "art should stay away from reality and go beyond reality", these ideas in many modernist works have been positive. The modernist writers absorb the idea of the anti-natural and anti-preaching, they just emphasize the pursuit of artistic beauty. 2, In the creative theme, the art of Oscar Wilde's works emphasizes the subjectivity of the truth, which has a significant impact on the modern literature. The writers of the stream consciousness believe that the truth exists in the personal feeling, impression and the activity process of the awareness. Surrealism is interested in showing the performance of the subconscious, dreams and crazy themes. Expressionism emphasizes the performance of literary and artistic creation to the spiritual world. 3, In the creative form, the form of Oscar Wilde's supremacy has a profound and lasting effect on Modernism. The modernist of the Futurism, Dadaism, Surrealism also treats the beauty and form as interchangeable terms and expresses the distortion of the inner soul through the variation of the art’s form, then it can make the form in the supreme position. The art and literature are also attributed to a kind of the sound factors of a language by Oscar Wilde, he believes that the language of criticism is the highest form of literary criticism. All these have a profound impact. Oscar Wilde lives only for 46 years old, and in his short life, the creation time only has fifteen or sixteen years, but his creative works have not been annihilated so far, the people is interested in his research, which has also continued unabated. His aesthetic ideas and literary works have a profound effect on the modern time. Although the aestheticism is short-lived and failed to catch the flood of modernist, in the connecting link between the tradition and modern it plays a significant role. It shows the relationship between the aestheticism and tradition in this three aspects among the authors, works and life; and it emphasizes the emotion, instinct, and advocates the pursuit uniformity of objective and subjective, content and form, it performs the links of aesthetic and modernism. Its value is showed in its complexity. This study is a huge issue, I just can not propose in this recount. While Oscar Wilde and his aestheticism was showing contradictions and limitations, his talent and charm find a way out for the social groups and a haven for the mind to have a rest, his bold pursuit of beauty and defenders of artistic purity and independence of the place are really impressing people, I think, a hundred years later, Oscar Wilde's once solitary soul should no longer be cold, and his theory and he are both worthy of respect! References [1] Oscar Wilde: The Critical Heritage [M] Karl Beckson, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970. (P250) [2] Oscar Wilde [M] Richard Ellmann, New York: Penguin Putnam-trade, 1988. (P27) [3] The Picture of Dorian Gray [M] Oscar Wilde, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974. (P18) [4] The Picture of Dorian Gray [M] Oscar Wilde, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974. (P151-152) [5] The Picture of Dorian Gray [M] Osacr Wilde, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974. 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