2018-2019学年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions讲义 新人教版选修8

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉) [第一屏听写] 1．patent n．　　　　　　　 专利证书；专利权 2．courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井 3．walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木 4．powder n. 粉末；火药 5．perfume n. 香水；香味　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第二屏听写] 6．version n．　　　　 　　 版本；译本 7．extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸 8．triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体 9．criterion n．(pl.criteria) (评判的)标准；尺度 10．string n. 线；绳子；一串 11．glue n. 胶；胶水 vt. 粘贴；粘合　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第三屏听写] 12．greengrocer n．　　　　 蔬菜水果商 (pl.) 蔬菜水果店 13．refrigerator n. 冰箱 14．jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 15．microphone n. 麦克风；话筒 16．multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的 n. 倍数　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第四屏听写] 17．dynamic adj.　　　　 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的 18．personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员 19．helicopter n. 直升飞机 20．cube n. 立方体；立方 21．cubic adj. 立方的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英) [第五屏听写] 1．distinguish vi.&vt.　 　 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 2．merciful_ adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 3．product n. 产品 4．abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的 5．abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第六屏听写] 6．convenient adj.　　 　　 便利的；方便的；就近的 7．caution n. 小心；谨慎 8．expectation n. 预料；期待；期望 9．passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的 10．merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第七屏听写] 11．merrily adv.　　　 高兴地；愉快地 12．seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺 13．recognition n. 认出；认可；承认 14．claim n．& vt. 要求；声称；主张 15．file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将……归档　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第八屏听写] 16．competence n．　 　 能力；胜任；本领 17．valid adj. 有效的；确凿的 18．ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的 19．freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 20．identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第九屏听写] 21．dial vt.　　　　　　 拨(电话) 22．rainfall_ n. 降雨 23．innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的 24．bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担 25．forehead n. 额头 26．occasionally adv. 偶然地；不时地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第十屏听写] 27．tap vt.&vi.　　　　 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头 28．current n. (水或气)流；电流 adj. 现在的；当前的 29．stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的 30．invaluable adj. 无价的；极宝贵的 31．associate vt. 联想；联系 n. 同伴；伙伴　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第十一屏听写] 32．practical_ adj.　　 　 实际的；实践的；实用的 33．directory n. 电话簿；商行名录 34．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 35．set_out_(to_do)_ 开始(做) 36．call_up 给……打电话 37．now_and_then 偶尔；有时 38．set_about 开始；着手　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第十一屏听写] 39．hang_on_　　　　　　 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 40．out_of_order_ 次序颠倒；发生故障 41．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过 42．ring_back 回复电话 43．ring_off_ 挂断电话 二、刷清单—— (一)核心单词 阅读单词 1.patent n．　　　专利证书；专利权 2．courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井 3．perfume n. 香水；香味 4．cube n. 立方体；立方 5．string n. 线；绳子；一串 6.greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商；蔬菜水果店 7．jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 8．microphone n. 麦克风；话筒 9．dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的 10.personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员 11．multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的 　　　 n. 倍数 12．extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达 单 词 1.dial vt.　　　　　　　拨(电话) 2．claim n. & vt. 要求；声称；主张 3．abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的 4．merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的 5．merrily adv. 高兴地；愉快地 6．seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺 7．file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将……归档 8．valid adj. 有效的；确凿的 9．ripe adj. 成熟的；熟的 10．bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担 11．tap v. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 　 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头 12．stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的 13．current n. (水或气)流；电流 　　　adj. 现在的；当前的 14．passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的 15．directory n. 电话簿；商行名录 16．rainfall n. 降雨 17．forehead n. 额头 [语境活用] 1．Nowadays many old people have to bear (忍受) miserable loneliness after their sons or daughters leave home for work. 2．The suspect tapped (轻敲) the table nervously with fingers to hide his fear inside. 3．I seized (抓住) the opportunity to practice my spoken English. 4．You need special software to view the information in the_file(s) (文件)． 5．We believe that only a stable (稳定的) and fully confident middle class will guarantee the stability and prosperity of Hong Kong. 6．The news on smartphones saves people much time reading through newspapers for current (当前的) affairs. 7．The abrupt (突然的) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy. 8．You could hear them singing and dancing merrily (愉快地) out in the street. 拓 展 单 词 1.distinguish v．显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的 2．merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情的→mercy n．宽恕；仁慈 3．product n．产品→produce v．生产→producer n．生产者；制片人 4．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便；便利→conveniently adv.便利地 5．caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 6．expectation n．预料；期待；期望→expect v．预料；期待；期望；认为 7．recognition n．认出；认可；承认→recognize vt.认出；承认 8．freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→freeze v．冰冻→frozen adj.冻结的 9．identification n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明→identity n．身份；同一性→identical adj.同一的；完全相同的→identify v．确定；鉴别 10．innocent adj.清白的；天真的；无罪的→innocence n．天真；清白 11．occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地→occasional adj.偶然的→occasion n．时机；机会；场合 12．associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴→association n．联系；联盟；协会 13．practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→practice n．& vt.实践；练习 [语境活用] 1．He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution.You should get on with him cautiously.(caution) 2．You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,_that is, at his convenience. His house is conveniently near the bus stop. (convenient) 3．In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn't any association between them. (associate) 4．If nobody can prove your innocence,_how can you say you are innocent？(innocent) 5．He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesn't like.(mercy) 6．The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone but was expected to go out. (expect) 7．It is freezing outside now, and more snow is falling on already frozen streets. (freeze) 8．This is my occasional_visit to the theme park, in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most. (occasion) 9．Although there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English, you must keep practicing speaking every day. (practice) (二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空) 1.ring_back　　　　　　回复电话 2．ring_off 挂断电话 3．set_about 开始；着手 4．now_and_then 偶尔；有时 5．set_out_(to_do) 开始(做) 6．call_up 给……打电话；使想起 7．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 8．hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 9．out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障 10．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过 1.It was before I had time to speak that he rang_off. 2．He has been diving_into the history of Chinese literature. 3．Benjamin Franklin set_about learning the printer's trade at an early age. 4．After being divided into groups, we set_out to work at once. 5．The electrical toy father bought for her has gone out_of_order. 6．After that, he knew he could get_through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. 7．If you hang_on for a while, I will go and see if I can find your mother. (三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 1.Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。 连词＋过去分词。 尽管累了，但他还是不停下来。 Though_tired,_he didn't stop at all. 2.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。 so ...that ...引导结果状语从句。 他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。 His invention was so_practical_that he soon got a patent. 3.Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。 祈使句＋and/or ...＋陈述句。 好好学习，天天向上。 Work_hard,_and_you_will make progress every day. 一、过重点单词—— 1．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 [教材原句]　Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. 这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。 (1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和B distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself as 作为……而出名 (2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for ... 因……而出名 be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①It's important to distinguish reality from dreams. ②Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. ③As far as we all know, she has already distinguished herself as_a great volleyball coach in the world. ④On the other hand, Shanghai Museum, a well­known and distinguished (distinguish) museum at home and abroad, is more professional in holding painting exhibitions. 单句改错 ⑤We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished as his scientific achievements.as→for 2．bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实 [教材原句]　I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue. 我忍受不了烤肉架上烤香肠的味道。 [练牢基点]　写出下列句中bear的含义 ①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？负担；承担 ②He can't bear being laughed at in public.忍受 ③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育 ④Some of the newly­planted apple trees have also begun to bear.结果实 [系统考点] (1) bear doing/to do sth.　　　　　 忍受做某事 bear sb./sb.'s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事 (2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事 bear/keep in mind that ... 记住…… [练通重点]　单句语法填空 ⑤I can't bear young people casting (cast) away their youth. ⑥Please bear in mind that success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure. 3．associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴，伙伴 [教材原句]　Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life. 虽然人们常把他和发明电话联系起来，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。 (1)associate ...with ...　 使……与……联系起来 associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系 be associated with 与……有关 (2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团 in association with 与……联合/有关联 [题点全练]　单句语法填空 ①If you associate with positive­thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. ②There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking. ③We are working in association_(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing (distinguish) right from wrong. 2．He can't bear people smoking (smoke) while he's eating. 3．We all have an expectation_(expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities. 4．If we are blind to our own faults, we will not be very merciful_(mercy) towards others. 5．The service offers young people practical (practice) advice on finding a job. 6．The exhibition was organized by the school in association with local artists. 7．The blind man tapped (tap) his cane on the sidewalk and walked to the supermarket. 8．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．Distinguishing for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.Distinguishing→Distinguished 2．Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden the students have to bear with.去掉with 3．The teacher's abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening.abruptly→abrupt 4．I'm not accustomed to associate with people like those young men.associate→associating 5．Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high frozen point. frozen→freezing 6．We could hear a woman was singing merry in the next room.merry→merrily 7．Only for seizing every minute can we finish the task in time.for→by 8．Our lives will become more and more comfortable and convenience with the changes around me.convenience→convenient 9．There was a general expectation what most students would pass the exam.what→that 10．I think you should be caution about giving your address to strangers.caution→cautious Ⅲ.根据提示词补全(或翻译)句子 1．色盲的人很难区分蓝色和绿色。(distinguish) Color­blind people often find it difficult to_distinguish_between_blue_and_green. 2．妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。(bear) My mother often reminds me to bear_in_mind_that failure is the mother of success. 3．你四点钟接我并把我送到机场方便吗？(convenient) Would it be_convenient_for_you_to_pick_me_up at four o'clock and take me to the airport? 4．如果他那时抓住了那次机会，他现在就会是这个新部门的经理了。(seize) If_he_had_seized_the_opportunity_at_that_time,_he would be the new department manager now. 5．记忆总是和我们的情感联系在一起的。(associate) Memories_are_always_associated_with_our_feelings. 二、过短语、句式—— 1．call up给……打电话；使想起 [教材原句]　When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很不安。 call off　　　　　　 取消；停止 call for 要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人) call at 拜访(某地) call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求 选用上述短语填空 ①The photo calls_up the story of my childhood. ②Don't let anything call_off your attention from your studies. ③Success in school calls_for much hard work. ④The government calls_on the workers to oppose waste. 2．get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽 [经典例句]　I've been trying to ring up for a long time and I couldn't get through. 我拨了很长时间的电话，但总是接不通。 [一词多义]　写出下列句中get through的含义 ①My new secretary is very quick. She got through a lot of work in one morning.(设法)做完 ②I couldn't get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.打通电话 ③Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through.通过 ④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完 [归纳拓展] get (sth.) across (to sb.) 使(某事)被(某人)理解 get along with sb. 与某人相处；进展 get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事 get over　　　　 熬过；克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来 ⑤According to Lee, it was Ben's carelessness that accounted for the accident. But Ben got_away_with his wrongdoing. 根据李所说的，正是本的粗心才导致了那场事故。但是，本侥幸逃脱了罪责。 3．祈使句＋and＋陈述句 Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。 (1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句 (2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句 ＝If ...not ...，＋主句 (3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句 ①Follow_your_doctor's_advice,_and you will get better soon. 遵循医生的建议，你很快就会好的。 ②Don't leave your bike here, or_you_will_be_fined. 不要把你的自行车放在这里，否则你会被罚款的。 ③A few minutes earlier, and_I_could_have_seen the famous scientist. 要是早来几分钟的话，我就能见到那位著名科学家了。 Ⅰ.根据语境选用合适的短语填空 out of order， hang on， get through， ring off， now and then， dive into， set about， call up 1．I know you are tired, but try to hang_on a minute. 2．When I asked if I was speaking to the manager Jones, he simply rang_off. 3．A lot of people dived_into the lake in search of the lost diamond ring. 4．As soon as she got into the classroom, she set_about_preparing for the lessons. 5．We were very glad when we heard that you had got_through your exam. 6．I checked the files and some of the papers were out_of_order. You had better sort them out. 7．The students go to visit their English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year. 8．As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called_up scenes of my childhood. Ⅱ.句型转换 1．If it is convenient for you, you can come and see me. →Come_and_see_me whenever it's convenient for you. 2．The boy later went up to his teacher and said “sorry” because he was greatly touched by his words. →Greatly touched_by_his_teacher's_words,_the boy later went up to him and said “sorry”． 3．He walked so fast that I couldn't keep up with him. →So fast did_he_walk that I couldn't keep up with him. 4．As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. →Worried_about_the_journey,_I was unsettled for the first few days. 5．She found that the door was broken in when she came back home. →She found the door broken_in when she came back home. Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子 1．白求恩大夫挽救了那么多中国士兵的生命，以至于他被中国人永远地记住了。(so ...that ...) Doctor Bethune_saved_so_many_Chinese_soldiers_that_he_was_remembered_by Chinese forever. 2．除非加以修改，否则这条法律将给农民的生活造成困难。(连词＋分词) Unless_changed,_this law will make life difficult for farmers. 3．只有所有国家的人们联合起来，我们才能解决世界上现存的一些问题。(only开头的倒装句) Only_if_people_of_all_the_countries_are_united_will_we_be_able_to_solve/can_we_solve some existing problems in the world. 4．这个世界上对他来说似乎没有什么是不可能的事情。(there seems ...) There_seems_to_be_nothing_that_seems_impossible_for_him_in_the_world. 5．课堂上认真听老师讲课，否则你就无法理解老师说的是什么。(祈使句＋or＋陈述句) Listen_to_the_teacher_carefully_in_class,_or_you_can't_catch_what_he_is_saying. 三、过语法、写作—— (一)单元小语法——复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The girl dressed (dress) in red is Kelly's good friend. 2．The boy's father was very disappointed (disappoint) to hear his son's poor academic record. 3．The problem discussed (discuss) at the meeting yesterday was very difficult to solve. 4．He became excited (excite) when he heard the news that his school basketball team had won the match. 5．The girl referred (refer) to looks forward to buying a gold watch. 6．When I came into the classroom, I found Li Ming seated(seat) at his desk. 7．There is almost nothing changed_(change) since I left the town two years ago. 8．They are going to have the entrance hall painted (paint) white. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．I'd like to drink a cup of cool boiling water.boiling→boiled 2．We got so boring that we couldn't help yawning.boring→bored 3．The suggestion was made at the meeting was very practical.去掉第一个was 4．I am often moving to tears when reading Xu Zhimo's poems.moving→moved 5．Any medicine taking without the doctor's permission can cause trouble.taking→taken Ⅲ.补全或翻译句子 (注意使用分词) 1．老师对实验结果很满意。 The teacher_is_pleased_with the result of the experiment. 2．屋外景色迷人，白雪覆盖着大地。 The outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered_with_snow. 3．当我起床并走进院子时，我看到太阳已经升起来了。 When I got up and went into the yard, I_saw_the_risen_sun. 4．这位年轻老师在学生中很受欢迎，由于他总是努力使他们对他的课感兴趣。 The young teacher is very popular among his students as he always tries_to_make_them_interested_in his lectures. 5．张教授做的报告是关于环境保护的。 The_lecture_given_by_Professor_Zhang_is_about_environmental_protection. (二)课堂微写作　练扩写——让意蕴更丰满 [题目要求] 科学技术的不断发展给我们带来了许多便利，但也有缺点。请把下面短文扩写成100词左右的作文，具体阐述科技的利与弊。 The constant development of science and technology has brought us a lot of convenience. Take smartphones for example, we can make phone calls and send text messages with it as well as surf the Internet, etc. However, while we are enjoying what scientific achievements have brought us, we shouldn't ignore their disadvantages. We should learn to take advantage of science and technology to protect our home — the earth. [ 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 示例] The_constant_development_of_science_and_technology_has_brought_us_a_lot_of_convenience._Take_the_latest_smartphones_for_example._Not_only_can_we_make_phone_calls_and_send_text_messages_with_it,_but_we_can_also_surf_the_Internet,_chat_online_and_receive_or_send_e­mails,_which_is_of_great_importance_to_us. Every_coin_has_two_sides._Though_these_inventions_have_added_to_our_happiness_and_are_performing_an_important_function_in_our_life,_we_shouldn't_ignore_their_disadvantages._Last_but_not_least,_while_we_are_enjoying_what_scientific_achievements_have_brought_us,_we_have_to_learn_to_take_advantage_of_science_and_technology_to_protect_our_home_—_the_earth. Ⅰ.完形填空 Resealable (可密封的) plastic bags — sometimes called by a brand name, such as Ziploc® — are those little clear plastic bags you use to keep your sandwiches and chips fresh. They usually have some sort of sealing mechanism, like a plastic zipper, which allows you to seal the bag to keep __1__ out. Keeping air away from __2__ allows them to stay fresh longer. Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time if allowed to come into __4__ with them. Sealed plastic bags keep these organisms __5__ getting to your food. Resealable plastic bags can be used for more than just __6__ sandwiches, chips and snacks to school for lunch. They're also used to keep leftovers __7__ in the refrigerator. Many people also use them to __8__ food in the freezer for use in the future. The __9__ of the resealable plastic bag started out in 1951 at a company named Flexigrip, Inc. Flexigrip __10__ a plastic zipper from patents which was bought from __11__ Borge Madsen. These zippers were __12__ used as parts of binders and briefcases. Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed. Eventually, in 1968, Dow Chemical Company __14__ to market its Ziploc® brand of resealable plastic bags to grocery stores. They turned out to be very __15__. Today, these types of bags are __16__ in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags. You can also buy bags with expandable bottoms that __17__ on their own. Some bags even allow you to __18__ food in the microwave! However, now many people try to use __19__ plastic because of its effect on the environment. So manufacturers of resealable plastic bags have taken __20__ to become more environmentally friendly. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了可密封塑料袋的用途及发展史。同时指出，为了减少污染，这种塑料袋的生产厂家也采取 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 以使他们的产品更加环保。 1．A.air　　　　　　　　　 B．water C．dust D．fog 解析：选A　由第二段开头的“Keeping air away”可知，此处指把空气阻挡在外面。 2．A.plants B．containers C．bags D．foods 解析：选D　根据下文中的“Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time”可知，此处指让空气和食物隔离，以便食物保鲜的时间长些，故选foods。 3．A.bring in B．take out C．break down D．deal with 解析：选C　空气中细菌和其他微生物会分解食物导致食物变质。break down意为“分解”。 4．A.relation B．contact C．connection D．contract 解析：选B　如果细菌和其他微生物与食物接触，食物将会很快变质。contact意为“接触”；relation意为“关系”；connection意为“连接”；contract意为“合同”。 5．A.from B．against C．through D．beyond 解析：选A　keep ... from ...为固定搭配，意为“阻止……”。 6．A.following B．presenting C．supplying D．transporting 解析：选D　下文中的“to school for lunch”说明，此处指携带食物到学校。 7．A.wet B．fresh C．thin D．hard 解析：选B　根据句中的“in the refrigerator”及生活常识可知，它们也被用来保持剩余的食物新鲜。 8．A.store B．cook C．share D．produce 解析：选A　本段主要介绍可密封塑料袋能用来保存食物，因此这里指储存食物。 9．A.result B．humour C．history D．success 解析：选C　根据下文中的“started out in 1951 at a company named Flexigrip, Inc”可知，此处提到这种可密封塑料袋的历史。 10．A.discovered B．developed C．spread D．approved 解析：选B　此处表示买了专利以后，研发了塑料拉链。 11．A.writer B．teacher C．doctor D．inventor 解析：选D　句中patents说明，博尔格·马森是一位发明家。 12．A.eventually B．frequently C．originally D．naturally 解析：选C　根据下文中的“Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed.”可知，此处谈的是塑料拉链袋的最初情况，故选originally。eventually意为“终于”。 13．A.however B．besides C．therefore D．otherwise 解析：选A　最初，塑料拉链袋的用途很少，后来它得到了发展。此处表示转折。 14．A.agreed B．began C．promised D．preferred 解析：选B　最后，陶氏化学公司开始将塑料拉链袋投入市场。 15．A.necessary B．famous C．funny D．popular 解析：选D　文章介绍了这种塑料袋的发展。它也很受欢迎。 16．A.precious B．expensive C．available D．fashionable 解析：选C　根据“in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags”可知，这些袋子有很多不同的尺寸和样式，在很多地方可以使用。 17．A.move B．stand C．float D．remain 解析：选B　根据句中的“bags with expandable bottoms”可知，袋子底部可伸展，因此它能竖起来。 18．A.heat B．taste C．find D．purchase 解析：选A　根据“in the microwave”可知，把食物放入微波炉中，为的是给食物加热。 19．A.more B．smaller C．larger D．less 解析：选D　根据“because of its effect on the environment”可知，人们现在尽量少使用塑料袋。 20．A.chances B．steps C．photos D．orders 解析：选B　他们已经采取措施以使他们的产品更加环保。take steps意为“采取措施”。 Ⅱ.语法填空 Since 2012, Suy Senglim, a Cambodian (柬埔寨的) man, has used his love of photography for a good cause: protecting wildlife. As more and more animal species began to disappear, he grew worried.So he created a photo project, __1__ will bring more attention to the loss of natural habitat in Cambodia. Suy Senglim __2__ (careful) documents each species he photographs. He records the common name of each creature, its scientific name and identifying qualities, and whether or not the species is endangered. He hopes __3__ (educate) Cambodians about the importance of bird species and the effect that __4__ (develop) has on nature. The Giant Ibis is Cambodia's national bird.It __5__ (consider) endangered now, with its population decreasing every year.His photography work has shown him how lack __6__ education and law enforcement makes the problem worse. “Hunting is at the root of Cambodian culture，” he said.But he notes that centuries ago, there were __7__ (many) animals and fewer people.Therefore, educating Cambodians about the need for saving wildlife resources __8__ (be) very important. Suy Senglim is working on a book on 100 bird species from among the 400 species he has photographed.He hopes to publish __9__ book in early 2018.He also looks forward to __10__ (influence) the new generation of nature­lovers in high schools and colleges. 语篇解读：一位柬埔寨摄影爱好者试图通过摄影出书的方式唤醒本国人保护野生动物的意识。 1．which　先行词为“a photo project”，后面定语从句缺乏主语，所以用which引导。 2．carefully　此处为副词修饰动词作状语。 3．to educate　hope to do sth.“希望做某事”。 4．development　空格处以及后面的部分是先行词effect的定语从句，而从句中又缺少主语，所以用develop的名词形式development。 5．is considered　主语it与consider之间存在被动关系，时态为一般现在时，主语为单数第三人称形式，所以用is considered。 6．of　lack作名词时，有词组(the) lack of sth.表示缺乏某物。 7．more　根据前后语境，尤其是“and fewer people”可知这里需要用many的比较级形式，强调过去和现在情况的对比。 8．is　此处所述是一般情况，动名词短语作主语，后面动词用单数形式。 9．the　前一句已经提到了这本书，此处为第二次提到，故用定冠词the，表示特指。 10．influencing　look forward to意为“盼望”，to为介词，用动词­ing形式。 Ⅰ.语法填空 As a famous productive poet, Lu You from the Song Dynasty wrote more than 20,000 poems in his lifetime. The reason __1__ Lu You could write so much poetry was that he was talented, but more __2__ (important), he also lived a long life. According to historical records, he lived to be 85 years old, the __3__ (long) living poet in the Song Dynasty. However, Lu You was weak when he was a child. Lu You joined the military as __4__ adviser in his middle ages and __5__ (start) to exercise his body and learn martial arts. After training for two years, Lu You could shoot down a flying eagle __6__ (use) a bow and arrow, and he even killed a tiger. During his later years, Lu You started the body building __7__ (call) chosho, or shouts, a long and loud cry. Chosho was quite popular in ancient __8__ (time), which was not roaring or whistling, but a __9__ (skill) health method. When ancient people did chosho, they opened their body, breathed in deep and then breathed out in rhyme. Chosho can relax your body and put you in a good mood. __10__ Lu You, chosho helped him get rid of diseases and medicine. 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物介绍，主要介绍了宋朝的著名诗人陆游，他是宋朝最长寿的诗人。本文主要介绍了他长寿的原因。 1．why　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故用why引导此定语从句。 2．importantly　分析句子结构可知，空格处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填importantly。 3.longest　根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处表示寿命最长的诗人，应用最高级。故填longest。 4．an　此处表示泛指，意为“作为一名顾问”， adviser是可数名词，且其读音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。 5．started　结合上下文可知，文章谈论的都是过去的事情，因此空格处应用一般过去时。故填started。 6．using　分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语是“could shoot down”，故空格处应用非谓语形式。由于use与主语Lu You之间构成主动关系，故用动词的现在分词形式作方式状语。故填using。 7．called　call与被修饰词body building之间构成被动关系，应用其过去分词形式作后置定语。故填called。 8．times　空格处表示时代，应用time的复数形式。故填times。 9．skillful　空格处修饰名词词组health method，故应用其形容词形式作定语，表示“一种有技巧的健康方式”。故填skillful。 10．For　此处指“对于陆游来说，长啸帮助他摆脱了疾病和药物”。空格处表示“对于……”，故用介词For。 Ⅱ.短文改错 I am Li Hua, a child lives in this community. Most of the children in our community feel lonely and boring. To change this situation, I'd like to offer some suggestion. First, would you please organize the children to clean up our neighborhood regular? Through this activity, we can know with each other and make new friends. Second, I wonder if you could find us a room to do our homework such that we can help and learn each other. Third, I thought it's a good idea to encourage children to join the community's football club. I hope we can get much involved in our community and my life will be colorful and full of fun. 答案：第一句：lives→living或lives前加who 第二句：boring→bored 第三句：suggestion→suggestions 第四句：regular→regularly 第五句：去掉with 第六句：such→so; learn后加from 第七句：thought→think 第八句：much→more; my→our Ⅲ.书面表达 假如你校这个周末举行60 年校庆，校团委发出通知要招聘一批志愿者，要求如下： 1．具有为校庆服务的热情，能为各方来宾做好服务工作； 2．对学校历史比较了解，有较好的沟通能力，能作学校文化的传播者； 3．汉语及英语标准，身体健康，周末每天工作8小时。 假设你是李华，具备以上条件，请用英语写一封申请信。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：60年校庆　the 60th anniversary of our school Dear Sir or Madam， Yours sincerely， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Sir or Madam， Thank you for your time to read my letter. With the coming of the 60th anniversary of our school, I'd like to be a volunteer. I'll try my best to serve our distinguished guests with enthusiasm. I have a good understanding of our school. I am sure I'll not only offer good service to the guests, but I'll also act as an excellent communicator of our school's history and culture. What's more, I can speak standard Chinese and English. I have no trouble working 8 hours a day this coming weekend. Last but not least, I will value the chance and do all I can if I am accepted. Yours sincerely， Li Hua