chapter 3- key to exercises

Chapter 3 Morphology Exercise I 1 (a) List the 'bound' morphemes to be found in these words: misleads, mis-, -s; previewer, pre-, -er; shortened, -en, -ed; unhappier, un-, -er; fearlessly -less, -ly (b) In which of the following examples should the 'a' be treated as a bound morpheme: a boy; apple; atypical, (c) Identify in the following sentence four bound morphemes. State the function of each and say whether each is derivational or inflectional: The teacher's brother considered the project impossible. The -er and the -'s of teacher's are bound morphemes, the former being derivational, as it produces a lexeme that denotes the person who does an action, the latter being an inflectional morpheme, as it indicates possession. The -ed of considered is inflectional, indicating that the action took place in the past. The im- of impossible is derivational, producing a new lexeme that denotes the opposite of possible. 2 What are the functional morphemes in the following sentence: The old man sat on a chair and told them tales of woe. The, on, a, and, them, of. 3. What are the inflectional morphemes in the following phrases: (a) the singer's songs -'s,-s (b) it’s raining -ing (c) the newest style -est (d) the cow jumped over the moon -ed. 4. What would we list as allomorphs of the morpheme 'plural' from this set of English words: dogs, oxen, deer, judges, curricula -s, -en, 0, -es, -a. 5. For each of the following words transcribe phonetically and account for the allomorphs of the past tense morpheme: waited waved waded wiped waited, waded /id/ waved /d/ (voiced /v/ is followed by voiced /d/) wiped /t/ (voiceless /p/ is followed by voiceless /t/). Exercise II. Derivation 1.Complete the words with suitable negative prefixes. a. removable m. syllabic b. formal n. normal c. practicable o. workable d. sensible p. written e. tangible q. usual f. logical r. thinkable g. regular s. human h. proportionate t. relevant i. effective u. editable j. elastic v. mobile k. theist w. legal 1. rational x. discreet a. irremovable m. dissyllabic . b. informal n. abnormal c. impracticable o. unworkable d. insensible p. unwritten e. intangible q. unusual f. illogical r. unthinkable g. irregular s. inhuman h. disproportionate t. irrelevant i. ineffective u. uneditable j. inelastic v. immobile k. atheist w. illegal 1. irrational x. indiscreet 2. Pick out the affixed words from the following sen​tences, and state the meaning of the affix in each case: 1）It's a novel about a nonhero. 2) Don't let the meat defrost too quickly. 3) "In my happier nightmare" he adds, "I see myself attending an antiplay with an antiaudience after a dinner prepared by an anticook." 4) In his long and danger-attended career he had known nothing like this supercrisis which now confronted him. 5) He was neither anti- nor pro-slavery although the air was stormy with abolition sentiment and its opposi​tion. 6) Robert sat down far off, and began nervously to reconsider his position. l) non-hero; non- means "unlike the conventional form." 2)defrost: de- means "undo what has been done." 3) antiplay, antiaudience, anticook: anti/-means "un​like the conventional form." 4) supercrisis: super-means "unusual, to a degree beyond what is usual, higher than the ordinary." 5) anti-slavery pro- slavery: anti - means "against"; pro- means "for." 6) reconsider: re- means "again." Exercise III: Compounding Express the following in one compound word: 1) someone who writes songs; 2) someone who cleans windows; 3) the race for arms; 4) the train in the morning; 5) a mine for gold; 6) to bathe in the sun; 7) as cheap as dirt; 8) tanned by the sun; 1) songwriter 5) goldmine 2) window-cleaner 6) sun-bathing 3) arms race 7) dirt-cheap 4) morning train 8) sun-tanned Exercise IV: Conversion 1. Change the construction of the following sentences by converting the verbs into nouns according to the model: Will you please label your luggage? Will you please put labels on your luggage? 1)He nailed a lid on a box. 2) They surprised us with a visit. 3) Mrs. Smith coaches students for English examination. 4)1 am completely disgusted with the food at the restau​rant. 5) William will referee the football match. 6) He was crippled in an accident. 1) He fastened the lid to the box with a nail. 2) Their visit took us by surprise. 3) Mrs. Smith is an English couch. 4) The food at the restaurant filled me with disgust. 5) William will be the referee of the football match. 6) He became a cripple in an accident. 2. Pick out the converted words in the sentences below and state (1) the word-class of the converted words and their meanings; (2) to what word class the base of each of the converted words belongs: 1）They are going to summer in Killing. 2) They hurrahed his wonderful performance. 3) You have to round your lips in order to make the sound /u:/. 4) They are great sillies. 5) She dusted the furniture every morning. 6) It is a good buy. 1）They are going to summer in Killing. 2) They hurrahed his wonderful performance. 3) You have to round your lips in order to make the sound /u:/. 4) They are great sillies. 5) She dusted the furniture every morning. 6) It is a good buy. Exercise V: Acronyms: Tell meaning of the following initialisms and acronyms, then use them in the sentences 7—11: l. ID 2.VIP 3. SALT 4.TEFL 5.NASA 6.TOEFL 7. Sally K. Ride joined in 1977, she is the first Amer​ican woman wearing the Stars and Stripes into space. 8. There's going to be a meeting for the agreement on nuclear weapons. 9. A real doesn't need a/an card. 10. My sister passed successfully before going abroad for advanced study. 11. A well-designed curriculum is indispensable to the section of Service English. 1. identification 2. very important person 3. strategic arms limitation talks 4. teaching English as a foreign language 5. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 6. Test of English as foreign language 7. NASA 8. SALT 9. VIP;ID 10. TOEFL 11. TEFL Exercise VI: Clippings: Give clippings for the following: 1) bicycle 2) sergeant 3) gymnasium 4) dormitory 5) handkerchief 6) gasoline 7) kilogram 8) influenza 9) business 10) comfortable 1) bike (colloq.) 2). sarge (sl.) 3) gym (colloq.) 4) dorm (colloq.) 5) hanky (colloq.) 6) gas (colloq.) 7) kilo 8) flu (colloq.) 9) biz 10) comfy Exercise VII: Blending: 1. Find the sources of the following blends. (1) brunch; (2)motel; (3) transistor; (4) medicare; (5) workaholic; (6)spam; (7) telethon; (8) aerobicise; (9) chunnel; ( 10) chortle; ( 11) bit; ( 12) modem; (13) guestimate; (14) threepeat. (1) brunch: breakfast + lunch (2) motel: motor + hotel (3) transistor: transfer + resister (4) medicare: medical + care (5) workaholic: work + alcoholic (6) spam: spiced + ham (7) telethon: telephone + marathon (8) aerobicise: aerobics + exercise (9) chunnel: channel + tunnel (10) chortle: chuckle + snort (11) bit: binary + digit (12) modem: modulator + demodulator. (13) guestimate: guess + estimate (14) threepeat: three + repeat 2. Explain the formation and the meaning of the following blends: 1) sci-fi 2) smog 3) workaholic 4) docudrama 5) slimnastics 6) stagflation 1) science+fiction --of, relating to, or being science fiction 2) smoked fog--fog intensified by smoke 3) work + connective-a + alcoholic-- person addicted to work 4) documentory + drama--a television or motion-picture drama dealing freely with historical events and esp. those of a recent and controversial nature 5) slim + gymnastics--exercises designed to reduce one s weight 6) stagnations-inflation--persistent inflation combined .with stagnant con​sumer demand and relatively high unemployment 3. Fill in the blanks with words that have been blended: Example: travelog: a diary or log about one's travel or trip. 1) brunch: a meal which serves as both and . 2) lunarnaut: an who explores the . 3) beautility: the combined qualities of : and . 4）comsat: a service involving artificial . 1) breakfast, lunch 3) beauty, utility 2) astronaut, moon 4) communication, satellite 4. Complete the sentences with blends from part 2 or 3 of Blends: 1)He got up late and had coffee and a turkey sandwich for . 2) John stays at the office until ten o'clock, he's getting to be a . 3) Tom doesn't like the he saw on TV last night. 4) The doctor advised my fat sister to take more . 5) My brother is not a\ scientist; he is a famous writer. 6) Alice suffered a lot during the period of . 1) brunch 4) slimnastics 2) workaholic 5) sci-fi 3) docudrama 6) stagflation Exercise VIII: Back-formation Determine the original term from which the following words were back-formed. 11) swindle swindler 110) amusing amuse 22) burgle burglar 111) loaf loafer 33) enthuse enthusiasm 112) self-destruct self-destruction 44) greed greedy 113) attrit attrition 55) automate automation 114) hairdress hairdresser 66) donate donation 115) emote emotion 77) escalate escalator 116) homesick homesickness 88) diagnose diagnosis 117) drowse drowsy 99) peddle peddler 118) frivol frivolous Exercise IX: More than one process was involved in the creation of each of the forms indicated below. Can you identify them? (a) I just got a new car-phone. (b) She wants to be a footballer. (c) The negotiators blueprinted a new peace proposal. (d) Another carjacking has just been reported. (a) clipping from 'telephone' to 'phone', then compounding; (b) compound​ing of 'foot' and 'ball', then derivation with '-er'; (c) compounding of 'blue' and 'print', then conversion to a verb; (d) blending of 'car' and 'hijack', then derivation with'-ing'. Exercise X: 1. ___ is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expres​sion and content. A. Word B. Morpheme C. Allomorph D. Root 2. studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. A. Morphology B. Syntax C. Phonology D. Semantics 3. The plural affix in the word tables is a(n) . A. inflectional suffix B. derivational suffix C. free morpheme D. root 4. Which of the following words is created through the process of acronym？. A. ad B. edit C. AIDS D. Bobo 5. Which of the following words is a derivational one . A. black board B. teaches C. consideration D. books 6. belongs to a closed word class. A. In B. Beautiful C. Noun D. Create 7. The word "lab" is formed through ____. A. back formation B. blending C. clipping D. derivation