第三单元&E卷

E卷 T1.Whether we want or not, the world has changed a lot and it will change even more in the future. T2. Further advances in the future will not be stopped by anyone. T3. The people's distrust of science is also an important factor leading to support the political parties whose main concern is to protect the environment. F4. In schools, science is often taught in an active and interesting way. T 5. According to the author, if he had included more equations in his book, it would have doubled the sales. F6. Like popular books and magazines, television science programs have a large audience. F7. After the headlines of "new drugs killing cancer" appeared, the whole world was glad, because all people believed that they didn't need to worry about cancer again. F8. The announcement of the result means the end of the scientific inquiry. F9. In medicine, a new drug is evaluated by being tested on a large selected group of people. T 10. NASA's announcement of the discovery on Mars is a vivid example of the process of the scientific research. I had an experience last spring where I was involved in a research project in which we were trying to determine more about gut size in lactating voles. Of course, I was really excited to be participating in something like this that could possibly result in a publication. Anyway everything went along very well until I realized that I was going to have to kill twenty female voles and their pups. Every time I had to kill an animal, I felt the tears burning in my eyes. After all, we’re doing SCIENCE here! Well, I managed to get through the experiment, but the questions keep puzzling me. Was I helping animals or just killing them to obtain data we could use in our publication? Was it really going to contribute something, or would other scientists just use it as references for their publications <阅读>Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century and then only rather slowly and laboriously. But chemical knowledge is as old as history, being almost entirely concerned with the practical arts of living. Cooking is essentially a chemical process; so is the melting of metals and the administration of drugs and potions. This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment. It also served to stimulate a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves. New information was always being gained as craftsmen improved techniques to gain better results. The development of a scientific approach to chemistry was, however, hindered by several factors. The most serious problem was the vast range of material available and the consequent difficulty of organizing it into some system. In addition, there were social and intellectual difficulties, chemistry is nothing if not practical; those who practice it must use their hands; they must have a certain practical talent. Yet in many ancient civilizations, practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population. The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world, where the practical arts appeared to lack any intellectual content or interest. The final problem for early chemical science was the element of secrecy. Experts in specific trades had developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others from stealing their livelihood. Another factor that contributed to secrecy was the esoteric (只有内行才懂的) nature of the knowledge of alchemists, who were trying to transform base metals into gold or were concerned with the hunt for the elixir (长生不老药) that would bring the blessing of eternal life. In one sense, the second of these was the more serious obstacle because the records of the chemical processes that early alchemists had discovered were often written down in symbolic language intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure. eq \o\ac(○,1)What is the passage mainly about? -   The scientific revolution in the seventeenth century.   Reasons that chemistry developed slowly as a science.   The practical aspects of chemistry.   Difficulties of organizing knowledge systematically. eq \o\ac(○,2)According to the passage, how did knowledge about chemical processes increase before the seventeenth century? -   Philosophers devised theories about chemical properties.   A special symbolic language was developed.   Experience led workers to revise their techniques.   Experts shared their discoveries with the public. 3. The underlined word "hindered" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_____ . -   recognized   determined   solved   prevented 4. The word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to which of the following? -   problem   material   difficulty   system 5. Which of the following statements best explains why "the second of these was the more serious obstacle" (underlined, in Paragraph 3)? -   Chemical knowledge was limited to a small number of people.   The symbolic language used was very imprecise.   Very few new discoveries were made by alchemists.   The records of the chemical processes were not based on experiments. 阅读第二篇 In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers' life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers' contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them? 1.   Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true? -   To make jobs more varied.   To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way.   Degree of work contribution.   Demands for longer working hours. 2. Why do workers want more money? -   Because their jobs are too boring.   In order to enjoy more spare time.   To make their jobs more interesting.   To demand shorter working hours. 3. prompt>The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers' jobs more interesting ____________. -   they will want more money   they will demand shorter working hours   more money and shorter working hours are important factors   more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them 4. In this passage, the author tells us ___________. -   how to make the workers more productive   possible factors leading to greater efficiency   to a certain extent more money leads to greater productivity   how to make workers' jobs more interestingThe author of this passage is probably a __________. -   teacher   worker   manager   physicist 单项选择   This book was the ________ of a tremendous amount of scientific work. -   outfit   outlook   output   outcome   He is really a football fan. He almost cannot _____________ football matches. -   do away with   do with   do without   do for     We have gained ___________ experience to tackle this problem. -   proficient   sufficient   efficient   potential     The president proposed that the sports meet____________ until next Friday. -   postponed   was postponed   had postponed   be postponed     The world wants peace; only a __________ wants the war to continue. -   majority   minority   property   quantity     In the mountain area, we lost ___________ with the outside world. -   relation   connect   information   contact     I don't think we are paid _____________ the hours we work. -   in proportion to   in contrast with   in contrast to   in comparison to     Doctors can do nothing with his disease but ____________ the rate of development. -   slow down   cut down   put down   break down     The popular theory must be _______ in the light of new findings. -   discarded   dismissed   cancelled   informed     It took her ten years to ______ her publishing business. -   build up   make up   think up   come up     When the hostess felt a snake crawling across her foot, she kept calm and ______ to a native boy standing behind her chair and whispered something to him. -   called on   approached   tended   motioned     To ________ the success in the World Cup, the Chinese team practised very hard in the past months. -   insure   assure   ensure   secure     It is much easier to talk about social change than to ________. -   bring it on   bring it out   bring it up   bring it about     He has proved _______ for the job, and we are afraid that he'll have to leave this company. -   insufficient   unable   deficient   unsatisfactory     He could be qualified for this position _______ his academic research ability. -   in the form of   in terms of   for terms of   in forms of     Tryon was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to ______ storming into the boss's office. -   prevent   prohibit   turn   avoid     He's watching TV? He's _______ to be clearing his room. -   known   supposed   regarded   considered   _________, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. -   Other things being equal   Were other things equal   To be equal to other things   Other things to be equal   She never laughed, ________ lose her temper. -   or she ever   nor did she ever   or did she ever   nor she ever did   The government is trying to do something to _______ better understanding between the two countries. -   raise   promote   heighten   increase 翻译： 1.  We'd better pay that electricity bill before     (他们断了我们的电). they cut us off. 2.The project is likely to succeed (那项目可能成功) despite the fact that we don't have sufficient funds at the moment. 3.shown by the growth rate of GDP As is (国内生产总值增长率表明) in the last two decades, China's reform and opening policy is a great success. 4.I am wearing only     (平时穿的衣服的一半) because of the warm weather. half as much as I usually do 5.Even if all government money for research were cut off (and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition     (仍将继续带来技术的发展). would still bring about advances in technology.