2014年大学英语六级考前冲刺试题及答案解析(八)

大学英语六级考前冲刺试题及答案解析(八) 一、Writing （本大题1小题．每题106.0分，共106.0分。 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition . You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: ） 第1题 Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled False Advertisements. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 虚假广告泛滥 2. 虚假广告的危害 3. 如何杜绝虚假广告 False Advertisements __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 【正确答案】： 答案: False Advertisements Recently, the problem of false advertisements has (1) become the focus of public concern. We (2)witness lots of examples: some corporations may cheat senior citizens by claiming that their health-care products can cure all diseases; tour agents may give deceptive advertisements in order to attract more tourists. (3) If this phenomenon continues to exist. Serious social problems will be triggered in the near future. (4)To begin with,false advertisements may (5) harm the interests ofconsumers. It is a waste of people's time and money. What's even worse, some people may get hurt both psychologically and physically. Secondly, false advertisements will (6)disturb market order, leaving people to treat all advertisements with suspicion. Therefore, how to tackle the problem is worth paying attention to. In my opinion. to (7)put an end to false advertisements, there should be more strict laws concerning the issue. Besides, we should re-educate the public and get them informed of the harmfulness of false advertisements, and we should (8)not take to heart everything we see or hear easily. [本题分数]： 106.0 分 【答案解析】 (1) become the focus of public concern:成为公众关注的焦点 (2) 用witness lots of examples引出实例，支持论点 (3) 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 全段，说明问题严重性 (4) To begin with…Secondly…使层次清晰，描述更有条理性 (5) harm the interests of…：损害…的利益 (6) disturb market order:扰乱市场秩序 (7) put an end to:结束，拒绝 (8) not take to heart everything we see or hear easily:不要轻易相信我们所看到或所听到的 二、Cloze（共20小题,共70.0分）There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 It's generally accepted that there is a correlation between a child's educational attainment and a family's poverty level, but new research shows that the problem may take root earlier than previously thought. A new study in Psychological Science found that at 10 months old, children from poor families performed just (1) children from wealthier families, but by the time they turned 2, children from wealthier families were scoring (2) higher than those from poorer ones. "Poor kids aren't even doing as well (3) school readiness, sounding out letters and doing other things that you would expect to be (4) to early learning." Elliot M. Tucker-Drob of the University of Texas at Austin, lead author of the study, said in a press (5) . To (6) the study, researchers (7) the mental abilities of about 750 pairs of fraternal(异卵的) and identical (同卵的) twins from all over the U.S. The participants' socioeconomic (8) was determined based on parents' educational attainment, occupations and family income. Each child was asked to (9) tasks that (10) pulling a string to ring a bell, placing three cubes in a cup, matching pictures and sorting pegs by color first at 10 months and (11) when they were 2 years old. At this time, researchers discovered that during the 14-month window between the aptitude tests, gaps in (12) development had started to occur. Children from wealthier families had started to consistently outperform those from poorer ones. Researchers (13) to disprove a genetic explanation by (14) the aptitude tests of each set of twins. The (15) of the comparison is that children's genetic (16) is oppressed by poverty, though the study stopped short of drawing a scientific (17) as to what specifically was causing the achievement (18) . Researchers did assume that, (19) speaking, poorer parents may not have the time or (20) to spend playing with their children in stimulating ways. A as well as B as closely as C on account of D on behalf of 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 短语辨析题。此处意为“穷人家和富裕人家的孩子在十个月大时 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现一样好”，故选；as well as．意为“和…一样好”。 [避错点拨] as closely as意为“和……样接近”．on account of意为“因为”，on behalf of意为“代表”，均不合句意。 第2题 A conservatively B consistently C coincidentally D temporarily 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 副词辨析题。此处意为“富裕人家的孩子一直比穷人家的孩子得分要高”．故选consistently．意为“一直”。 [避错点拨] conservatively意为“保守地”，coincidentally意为“巧合地”，temporarily意为”暂时地”，此处均不合句意。 第3题 A in accordance with B in case of C in contrast to D in terms of 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 短语辨析题，此处意为“即使在入学准备，念字母和其他有关于早期教育方面”．故选in terms of．意为“就…而言，在…方面”。 避错意拨in accordance with意为“根据”，in case of意为“万一，假如发生”，in contrast to意为“与…相反”，此处均不合句意。 第4题 A indifferent B relevant C applicable D helpful 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 形容词辨析题。此处意为”…和早期教育相关的方面”，故选relevant。be relevant to意为“与…有关”。 [避错点拨] indifferent意为“冷淡的”，applicable意为“适用于”，helpful意为“有帮助的”，虽然都可以和to连用，但是此处均不合句意。 第5题 A release B publication C perception D revenge 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 固定搭配题。此处意为“在一份新闻稿中说”，故选release。press release意为“新闻稿”。 [避错点拨] publication意为“出版，发行”，perception意为“观点”，revenge意为“报复”，此处均不合句意。 第6题 A conduct B continue C finish D simulate 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 动词辨析题。此处意为“为了进行这项研究”，故选conduct．意为“开展，进行”。 [避错点拨] continue意为“继续”，finish意为“结束”，simulate意为“模仿”，此处均不合句意。 第7题 A assigned B assessed C preyed D cultivated 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 动词辨析题。此处意为“研究者们评估了全美国大约750对的异卵双胞胎和同卵双胞胎的心智能力“，故选assessed，意为“评估”。 [避错点拨] assigned意为“布置”，preyed意为“捕食”．cultivated意为“培养”，此处均不合句意。 第8题 A status B focus C effort D summit 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 名词辨析题。此处意为“这些参与者的社会经济地位”，故选status，意为“地位”。 [避错点拨] focus意为“焦点，中心”，effort意为“努力”，summit意为“顶点”均不合适。 第9题 A perform B present C employ D stimulate 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 动词辨析题。此处意为“要求他们执行如下任务”，故选perform，意为“执行”。 [避错点拨] present意为“出示”,An ploy意为“雇佣”，stimulate意为”激励”，此处均不合句意。 第10题 A reflected B included C suggested D concluded 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 动词辨析题。此处意为“包括拉绳响铃”，故选included，意为“包括”。 [避错点拨] reflected意为”反映”，suggested意为”建议”，concluded意为“得出结论”，此处均不合句意。 第11题 A frequently B again C repeatedly D scarcely 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 副词辨析题。此处意为“第一次是在孩子们十个月时，在他们两岁大的时候又进行了一次”，故选again．意为“再，又”。 [避错点拨] frequently意为“频繁地”，repeatedly意为“重复地”，scarcely意为“几乎不”，此处均不合句意。 第12题 A cognitive B constructive C respectful D fruitful 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 形容词辨析题。此处意为“认知发展方面的差异已经开始形成”，故选cognitive．意为“认知的”。 [避错点拨] constructive意为“建设性的”，respectful意为“受人尊重的”，fruitful意为“硕果累累的”，此处均不合句意。 第13题 A accustomed B attempted C refused D required 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 动词辨析题。此处意为“研究人员试图驳斥这种基因解释”，故选attempted，意为“试图”。 [避错点拨] accustomed意为“习惯”，refused意为“拒绝”，required意为“要求”，此处均不合适。 第14题 A comparing B diverting C discussing D inverting 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 动词辨析题。此处意为“通过比较每一组双胞胎的智能测试结果来反驳基因差异的解释”，故选comparing．意为“比较”。 [避错点拨] diverting意为“转移”，discussing意为“讨论”，inverting意为“使颠倒”，此处均不合句意。 第15题 A insight B implication C disapproval D depression 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 名词辨析题。此处意为“研究人员的比较暗示了…”，故选implication．意为“暗示”。 [避错点拨] insight意为“远见”，disapproval意为“不赞成”，depression意为“沮丧”，此处均不合句意。 第16题 A potential B power C memory D heritage 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 名词辨析题。此处意为“孩子们的基因潜能被贫困抑制”，故选potential．意为“潜能”。 [避错点拨] power意为“力量”，memory意为“记忆”，heritage意为“文化遗产”，此处均不合句意。 第17题 A conclusion B confession C question D definition 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 名词辨析题。此处意为“得出一个科学的结论”，draw a conclusion为固定搭配，故选conclusion。 [避错点拨] confession意为“承认”，question意为“问题”，definition意为“定义”，此处均不合句意。 第18题 A tests B competition C independence D gaps 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 名词辨析题。此处意为“引起孩子们表现差异的具体原因”，故选gaps，意为“差异”。 [避错点拨] tests意为“测试” ，competition意为“竞争” ，independence意为“独立”，此处均不合句意。 第19题 A generally B frankly C sincerely D meaningfully 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 固定搭配题。此处意为“总而言之”，故选generally, generally speaking意为“一般来讲”。 [避错点拨] frankly意为“直率地”，sincerely意为“真诚地”，meaningfully意为“有意义地”，此处均不合句意。 第20题 A forms B resources C functions D accents 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 名词辨析题。此处意为“穷人家的父母们可能没有时间或者资源来和孩子玩耍”。故选resources，意为“资源”。 [避错点拨] forms意为“形式”，functions意为“功能”，accents意为“口音”，此处均不合题意。 三、Listening Comprehension（Section A）（共15小题,共105.0分）In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 A She agrees with the man. B The man missed the last study session. C She didn't understand the last chemistry class. D The man should be more serious about his studies. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M：Come on, Kate. The sun's shinning. The flowers are blooming. Maybe you are missing the point of life. W: Maybe you are missing the point of this chemistry study group. Q: What docs the woman mean? [听前预测] 根据选项中的study session，chemistry class和studies，推断对话与学生学习有关。 [答案详解] 男士说阳光明媚，百花绽放，以此劝说女士出去玩，并说女士或许忘记了生活的本质意义。女士认为男士可能会错过这次化学研讨会的重点，言外之意是男士应该多关注一下学习，故选D)项。 第2题 A It's too late to buy the morning newspaper. B He doesn't want to go to the concert. C The box office is closed today. D All of the tickets have been sold out. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: I am heading over to the theatre box office to get the tickets for this weekend concert before you're all gone. M: I hate to tell you this, but from what fread in the paper this morning, you are already too late. Q: What does the man imply? [听前预测] 根据选项中的concert，box office，tickets等词推测对话与买票有关。 [答案详解] 女士说要去售票处买周末音乐会的票，男士说从他今早读的报纸上的消息来看，女士已经晚了一步，意即票已售完，故选D)项。 第3题 A Take the medicine as she was directed to do. B Schedule another appointment with her doctor. C Stop taking the medicine. D Rest her back for a few days. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: I can't believe I still have this pain in my back. This medicine the doctor gave me was supposed to make me feel better by now. M: Maybe you should start taking it three times a day like you were told. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? [听前预测] 根据选项中的medicine，doctor和rest推断对话可能与生病有关。 [答案详解] 女士说医生给她开的治疗背疼的药不起作用，男士说她应按医嘱服药，故选A)项。 第4题 A Decide which movie to see. B Order his food quickly. C Go to a latter movie. D Go to a different movie. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: I'm not sure what I am in the mood for, pizza or hamburger? They are both really good here. W: The movie starts in an hour and we still have to get there and park. So just make a decision. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? [听前预测] 根据选项中的movie和food推断对话中人物可能要去看电影。 [答案详解] 男士说不知道现在想吃什么，因为这里的比萨饼和汉堡都很好。女士说1小时之内就开始了，他们要赶到那儿，还得找停车的地方，让他陕点做决定，故选B）项。 第5题 A She didn't get the man's massages. B There is something wrong with her e-mail. C She forgot to call the man. D She couldn't remember the man's phone number. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: Jane, didn't you get my messages? I have sent two to your e-mail. W: Ah? Oh, sorry Tom. I've been meaning to get back in touch with you. It just slipped my mind. Q: What does the woman mean? [听前预测] 根据选项中的call，e-mail，message，phone推断对话可能与人物之间的联系有关。 [答案详解] 男土问女士有没有收到他的信息，他已经发了两条到女士的邮箱里。女士表示歉意，说她原来打算回复，但是又忘记了，故选C）项。sth. slip one'smind意为“某人忘记了某事”。 第6题 A She has already started working on her research project. B She can't decide which to choose about the research topic. C She would like to discuss her research with the man. D She has to change the subject of her research. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: You need to decide what you are going to do with your research project. W: I have got the background information together. Now all I need is to find the right subject to observe. Q：What does the woman mean? [听前预测] 根据research project，she和right subject推断对活与女士的研究项目有关。 [答案详解] 男士认为女士需要决定如何进行她的研究项目。女士说她已经收集好了背景信息，只需找一个好的课题，即她的研究项目已经开始了，故选A)项。 第7题 A He forgot to bring his jacket. B He had no more clothes to wear. C He didn't know whether it would be cold. D He didn't have time to look for his jacket. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: Are you cold? Why aren't you wearing your jacket? M: I overslept this morning so I rushed out of the house without considering the dress. Q: What does the man mean? [听前预测] 根据选项中的clothes，cold和jacket推断对话与穿着有关。 [答案详解] 女士问男士是不是觉得冷，为什么没有穿夹克。男士回答说今早睡过头了，没顾上考虑穿什么衣服便从家里冲了出来，即他没有时间找他的夹克，故选D)项。 第8题 A She fell asleep before the program ended. B She especially enjoyed the end of the program. C She missed the beginning of the program. D She wishes she had gone to sleep earlier. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: I really enjoyed that TV special about whales last night. Did you get home in time to sec it? W: Well, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing. Q: What does the woman mean? [听前预测] 根据sleep，program等阋推断对话与看节目和睡觉有关。 [答案详解] 男士说他很喜欢昨晚播出的有关鲸鱼的专题节目，并问女士看没看。女士回答说她希望自己昨晚能保持清醒，看完整个节目， 言外之意是在节日结束之前她就睡着了，故选A)项。 第9题 A An experiment in Antarctica. B The breaking-off of the Larsen Ice Shelf. C The formation of the Larsen Ice Shelf. D An expedition to Antarctica. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  M: Doctor White.(1)we recently learned that a large piece of the Larsen Ice Shelf in Western Antarctica broke off in early January.Could you please tell us exactly what happened? W: I'd be happy to. The piece that broke off was over a thousand square miles in area. More recently and quite alarming to scientists is that the 40-mile crack, some 30feet wide in places has torn through the ice shelf. M: I understand that the Scientific Community is quite concerned. What is the significance of these events? W: Well,(2)some scientists believe that this is a clear sign of global warming. Back in 1978, some American researchers predicted that Antarctica would show early signs of global warming due to the greenhouse effect. M: But couldn't crumbling ice shelves also be a result of the unusual weather Antarctica itself has experienced lately? W: That's certainly possible. (3) But you have to remember that over the past thousands of years, ice shelves have been through a lot of weather changes without breaking-up.Remember too that although ice shelves float on the ocean, they are attached to the continent and can be as thick as a thousand feet. M: I think most people know that if the ice cap over Antarctica melts, the level of the oceans will rise. What sort of impact will this have? W: Well, (4) the ice shelves currently insulate the Antarctic continent from wind, which slows down melting. But without ice shelves to cool the wind, it would be warmer than usual as it flows over Antarctica. If the winds cause even a tenth of the continent's ice to melt, the world's oceans could rise as much as 30 feet. 19.Q: What are the speakers mainly discussing? [答案详解] 对活开头男士请女士介绍一下拉森冰架的破裂情况，之后二人就这一问题展开了讨论，故选B)项。 第10题 A They could be a sign of global warming. B They are disturbing Antarctic bird habitats. C They have destroyed research facilities. D They contradict current scientific theories. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: Why are the events of ice cracking important? [答案详解] 男士问女士拉森冰架断裂事件有什么意义，女士回答说有些科学家认为这可能是全球变暖的征兆，故选A)项。题目中的important和录音中significance为同义转述。 第11题 A No melting has been observed recently. B The past several winters have been unusually severe. C Nothing unusual has happened in other parts of Antarctica. D The ice shelf has remained intact despite the weather changes. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: Why does the woman doubt that weather is responsible for the recent events? [答案详解] 女士说几千年来冰架经历了许多的天气变化但并没有破裂，因此她认为最近的冰架破裂可能并不是由天气造成的，故选D)项。 第12题 A They can accelerate the speed of the wind. B They make the continent a pleasant place for humans. C They cool the wind and thus slow down melting. D They cool the weather and freeze all the water. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: Why are the ice shelves important to the Antarctic? [答案详解] 女士最后说南极的冰川融化将会引起海平面的上升，而冰架冷却了风，延缓了融化。所以冰架对南极大陆很重要，故答案选C)项。 第13题 A Take a cosmetic surgery and go hunting. B Have an advertisement survey there. C Go to fulfill an important appointment. D Visit some of her friends and clients there. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: So let's meet our first holiday maker. Hello there, can you tell us a bit about yourself? W: Hi, My name's Alan Marsh. I'm in my fifties and I work in advertising. M: And which of your holidays arc you going on? W: Well, (1)I'm flying to Cape Town in South Africa next week to have a bit of cosmetic surgery. M: Oh, and why have you chosen this holiday? W: Well. I've been working in advertising for more than 30years. It's a very competitive business and how you look is important. (2)My face is getting a bit old these days, and I thought I needed to do something about it. M: But the holiday's not just about having a cosmetic surgery, is it? W: No, not at all. After I've had my operation, and. You know, had a bit of time to recover, (1) I'm going on a week's hunting, which I think will be quite exciting. I'd love to see a lion up close. M: Hmm, (3) that sounds a bit frightening. W: Well, when I've had my cosmetic surgery, all the lions will be scared of me! M: Well. we hope you have a fantastic time, Alan. W: Thanks a lot. 23. Q: What is the woman going to do in Cape Town? [答案详解] 男士问女士假期做什么，女士说要飞往Cape Town进行整容手术，并且在后边提到自己还要打猎，可知选A)项。 第14题 A She wants to change her image in life. B She is going to look for another job. C She wants to look young to be competitive. D She wants to keep healthy and stay happy. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: Why does the woman want to have a cosmetic surgery? [答案详解] 女士说自己是从事广告业的，这是一个竞争激烈的行业，长相对职业来说很重要，而自己开始显得有些老了，所以想进行整容，故C)项正确。 第15题 A Exciting. B Interesting. C Frightening. D Fantastic. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What does the man think of the woman's seeing a lion up close? [答案详解] 女士说自己要去打猎，而且要近距离看狮子，男士觉得听起来有些令人害怕，故选C)项。 四、Reading Comprehension（共10小题,共90.0分）There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 Rosenstock-Huessy began teaching at Harvard and converted his lectures into English. He noticed, though, that his students weren't grasping his points. His language was not the problem, it was the allusions (典故；暗示). He used literary and other allusions when he wanted to talk about ethics, community, mysticism and emotion. But none of the students seemed to get it. Then, after a few years. he switched to sports analogies. Suddenly, everything clicked. "The world in which the American student who comes to me at about twenty years of age really has confidence in is the world of sport," he would write. "This world embodies all of his virtues and experiences, affection and interests; therefore, I have built my entire sociology around the experiences an American has in athletics and games." Rosenstock-Huessy was not the last academic to recognize that sport organizes the moral thinking of many young Americans. Professor Michael Allen Gillespie of Duke University has just written a fascinating essay, for an anthology called "Debating Moral Education", on the role of sports in American ethical training. Throughout Western history, Gillespie argues, there have been three major athletic traditions. First, there was the Greek tradition. Greek sports were highly individualistic. There was little interest in teamwork. Instead sports were supposed to cultivate noble virtues like courage and endurance, They gave individuals a way to achieve eternal glory. Then, there was the Roman tradition. In ancient Rome, free men did not fight in the arena. Roman sports were a spectacle organized by the government. The free Romans watched while the slaves fought and were slaughtered. The entertainment emphasized the awesome power of the state. Finally, there was the British tradition. In the Victorian era, elite schools used sports to form a hardened ruling class. Unlike the Greeks, the British placed tremendous emphasis on team play and sportsmanship. If a soccer team committed afoul, it would withdraw its goalkeeper to permit the other team to score. The object was to instill (逐渐灌输) a sense of group loyalty. honor and rule-abidingness-traits that were important to a class trying to manage a far-flung empire. Gillespie argues that the American sports atmosphere is a fusion of these three traditions. American sport teaches that effort leads to victory, a useful lesson in a work-oriented society, Sport also helps Americans navigate the tension between team loyalty and individual glory. We behave like the British, but think like the Greeks, A. Bartlett Giamatti, a former baseball commissioner, once observed. Gillespie appreciates the way sports culture has influenced American students. It discourages complaining, and rewards self-discipline. It teaches self-control and its own form of justice, which has a more powerful effect than anything taught in the classroom. Rosenstock-Huessy's students couldn't get his points because A his language was quite abstract and complex B the course itself was difficult to comprehend C they didn't like him and his ways of teaching D they were not interested in the allusions he used 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 根据题干关键词Rosenstock-Huessy's students，couldn't get his points定位到原文首段第二、三句：Henoticed, though, that his students weren't grasping his points. His language was not the problem, it was the allusions．由此可知，Rosenstock- Huessy的学生抓不住他讲课的重点是因为学生对他所引用的典故不感兴趣，故选D)项。 [避错点拨] A)项“他的语言相当抽象和复杂”与原文意思不符，原文提到学生听不懂，他的语言不是问题，B)项“课程本身很难理解”和C)项“学生不喜欢他和他的讲课方式”偏离文章的中心。 第2题 What was the feature of Greek sports tradition: A Individual-oriented. B Team-oriented. C Aristocracy-oriented. D Glory-oriented. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 根据题干关键词Greek sports tradition定位到原文第四段第二、三句：First，there was the Greek tradition．Greek sports were highly individualistic.由此可知，希腊传统体育的特点是以个人为中心的，故选A)项。 [避错点拨] B)项“以团体为中心”与原文所论述正好相反，原文说希腊传统不太强调团队精神；C)项“以贵族为中心的”和D)项“以荣耀为中心的”都是以个人为中心的教育传统所带来的影响，而不是其特点。 第3题 In Roman sports tradition, free men did not fight in the arena because A they were fearful that they couldn't defeat the slaves B they were forbidden to kill the slaves in this way C they believed watching sports reflected the power of the upper class D they were not allowed to participate in the sports 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 根据题干关键词Roman sports tradition定位到原文第五段：In ancient Rome，free men did not fight in the arena. Roman sports were a spectacle organized by the government. The free Romans watched while the slaves fought and were slaughtered. The entertainment emphasized the awesome power of the state.在罗马体育传统中，自由人不在竞技场上比赛且体育比赛均由政府组织。自由罗马人观看奴隶相互打斗残杀。这种比赛凸显了令人敬畏的国家权力。由此可知，在罗马体育传统中自由的人不能参加体育比赛，观看比赛体现了上层社会的权力，故选C)项。 [避错点拨] A)项“他们害怕打不过奴隶”，B）项“不允许他们以这种方式杀死奴隶”和D)项“不允许他们参加”在文中没有论述。 第4题 Which of the following is encouraged by the British sports tradition? A To nurture noble virtues. B To cultivate a sense of loyalty. C To show respect to the state power. D To emphasize the role of work in life. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 根据题干关键词British sports tradition定位到原文第六段。最后一句提到：The object was to instill a sense of group loyalty, honor and rule-abidingness-traits that were important to a class trying to manage a far-flung empire.由此可知，英国体育传统提倡对团体忠诚，故选B)项。 [避错点拨] A)项“培养高贵的品质”，C)项“对国家权利的敬重”和D)项“强调工作的作用”这三项分别是希腊、罗马和美国体育氛围的特点。 第5题 What does Gillespie think of American sports culture? A Americans can learn more things from it. B It exerts good influences on students. C It is superior to any other sports traditions. D It has an effect on other sports traditions. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 根据题干关键词Gillespie，American，sports culture定位到原文最后一段。第一句提到：Gillespie appreciates the way sports culture has influenced American students.由appreciate“欣赏”可知，在Gillespie看来，美国体育文化对学生会产生好的影响，故选B)项。 [避错点拨] A)项“美国人可以从体育中学到更多东西”属于主观扩大范围．Gillespie在此段中论述的是体肓文化对学生的影响，对于全部美国人的影响没有论述；C)项“它比其他体育传统优越”在文中没有对各种体育传统进行谁优谁劣的对比；D)项“它对其他体育传统有影响”在文中没有提及。 第6题 Earthquakes. Cyclones (龙卷风), Tsunamis (海啸). Floods. Mudslides (泥石流). Natural disasters have doubled infrequency over the last two decades. Catastrophes have also become more intense, destructive and threatening to human life. In 2008 alone, some 36 million people were suddenly displaced by these phenomena. While that is an enormous figure. it is dwarfed by the number of people whose security and livelihoods are being steadily undermined by the longer-term consequences of climate change: droughts and unpredictable rainfall patterns, the degradation and desertification of the land, coastal erosion and salinification (盐化) . A particularly disturbing characteristic of these developments is their potential to ignite conflicts within and between states, especially in situations where communities are competing for increasingly scarce resources such as fresh water and grazing land. We are now confronted with a number of global general trends that interact with each other. In addition to climate change, they include population growth, migration, urbanization and food, water and energy insecurity, all compounded by the global economic crisis. As U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has frequently reminded us, climate change is at the fulcrum (支点) of these trends, multiplying the impacts of the others. Attempting to deal with these trends individually would doom the effort to failure. They require a common response, which often eludes (避开, 使…达不到) the international community. Traditionally, the international community has responded to disasters and displacement in "humanitarian emergency mode", establishing camps, distributing food and water, building schools and clinics. We must reconsider our approach. The billions of dollars spent on international relief over the past three or four decades have generally not achieved the sustainable improvements to local capacity that one would have hoped for. At the same time, a growing proportion of the people affected by disaster and displacement will in future be found in urban areas, where it makes no sense to accommodate victims in camps. A development-oriented approach is now required in response to displacement, emphasizing the inclusion of the most vulnerable and marginalized sections of society in efforts to ensure that they benefit from the livelihoods, services and security to which they are entitled. Recent experience suggests that the majority of people who are forced to move as a result of these phenomena are likely to remain within the borders of their own country. Primary responsibility for their protection and well-being will thus lie with the states concerned. But if governments in developing regions are to meet the needs of displaced citizens, they will need strong and long-term support from the world's industrialized and industrializing states-those countries that bear primary responsibility for the process of climate change. What can make larger number of people suffer from displacement according to the passage? A Natural catastrophes. B Social development. C Ever-Iasting effect of climate change. D International conflicts. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 根据题干关键词larger number，people和displacement定位到原文第二段：While that is an enormous figure, it is dwarfed by the number of people whose security and livelihoods are being steadily undermined by the longer-term consequences of climate change.…这是巨大的数字，但是与气候变化长期的后果而在安全及生活方面受到损害的人的数目相比，却相形见绌。由此可知，长期的气候变化会让更多的人无家可归，故选C)项。 [避错点拔] A）项“自然灾害”有破坏性，直接威胁人类的生活：B)项“社会发展”和D)项“国际冲突”均未提及。 第7题 What might cause international conflicts acceding to the passage? A Global general trends. B The lack of natural resources. C Dissatisfied emotion among people. D Global warming and greenhouse effect. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 根据题干关键词international conflicts定位剑原文第三段：A paiticularly disturbing characteristic of these developments is their potential to ignite conflicts within and between states, especially in situations where communities are competing for increasingly scarce resources such as fresh water and grazing land.白此可知，自然资源的缺乏可能会引起国际冲突，故选B）项。 [避错点拨] A)项“全球大趋势”与此无关；C)项“人们的不满情绪”和D)项“全球变暖和温室效应”在文中没有提到。 第8题 How can we deal with the global general trends successfully? A We should handle them by means of individual efforts. B We should combine individual efforts to reach a common response. C We should cope with climate change in the first place. D We should take another emergency mode to deal with disasters. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 根据题干关键词deal with，general trends定位到原文第六段：Attempting to deal with these trends individually would doom the effort to failure. They require a common response, which often eludes the international community.由此可知应对这些总体趋势需要我们达成共识，故选B）项。 [避错点拨] A)项“我们应该通过个人力量来处理这些变化”和原文内容不符，原文提到个人努力是注定要失败的，因此不能仅仅通过个人力量来解决；C)项“我们应该先应对气候变化”和D)项“我们应该采取另一种灾难救助模式”均与中心不符。 第9题 What does the author think about the current approach of handling displacement? A It can't promote sustainable improvements in the long run. B It can relieve the consequences caused by disasters. C It can maintain the sustainability of the local area. D It can have an effect on urban disasters and displacement. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 根据题干关键词approach，displacement定位到原文第七、八段。其中第八段提到：We must reconsider our approach. The billions of dollars spent on international relief over the past three or four decades have generally not achieved the sustainable improvements to local capacity that one would have hoped for.由此可知，作者认为当前应对流离失所的方法从长远来看不能给当地人们带来可持续性的改善，故选A)项。 [避错点拨] B)项“能缓解灾害造成的后果”在文中未提及；和C）项“能够保持当地的持续性发展”与原文意思不符，原文认为当前方法对当地不能取得可持续性改善：D)项“能对城市的灾害和人民的流离失所有效果”与原文内容不符，原文第九段提到当前方法对解决城市的灾害和人民的流离失所没有任何意义。 第10题 The author wrote this passage to______. A indicate the consequences of climate change B let people be aware of the natural disasters C let people pay more attention to the displaced people D call for a sustainable approach to global trends 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [答案详解] 本题考查写作意图，通览 全文 企业安全文化建设方案企业安全文化建设导则安全文明施工及保证措施创建安全文明校园实施方案创建安全文明工地监理工作情况 ，我们可以了解作者先论述目前人类面临的一系列灾难，这些变化给人们造成一定的危害，而当前应对灾害的方法不能给当地带来可持续发展，因此作者呼吁A development-oriented approach is now required in response to displacement即以长期发展的方法米应对全球变化趋势．故选D)项。 [避错点拨] A)项“暗示气候变化的后果”，B）项“让人们意识到自然灾害”，C）项“让人们更多地关注流离失所的人们”都不是作者写作意图的准确表达。 五、Listening Comprehension（Section B）（共10小题,共70.0分） In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 A Some precious metals. B Silver and gold. C Various expensive metals. D Some inexpensive metals. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  Less than 40 years ago in the United States ,it was common to change a one-dollar bill for a dollar's worth of silver. That is because the coins were actually made of silver. (1) But those days are gone. There are no silver or other precious metals in today's coins.When the price of the precious metal rises above its face value as money, the metal will become more valuable in other uses. Silver coins are no longer in circulation because the silver in coins is worth much more than their face value. A silver firm could find that it is cheaper to obtain silver by melting down coins than by buying it on the commodity markets. Gresham's Law, named after Sir Thomas Gresham, argues that "good money" is driven out of circulation by "bad money". (2)Good money differs from bad money because it has higher commodity value. Gresham lived in the 16th century in England where it was common for the value of coins to be decreased. Governments did this by mixing cheaper metals with gold and silver. (3)The governments could thus make a profit in coinageby issuing coins that had less precious metal than the face value indicated. Because different mixings of coins had different amounts of gold and silver. even though they bore the same face value. some coins were worth more than others as commodities. Gresham observed that coins with a higher content of gold and silver were kept rather than being used in exchange, or were melted down for their precious metal. In the mid-1960s when the U. S. issued new coins to replace silver coins, Gresham's law went right in action. 26. Q: What are today's coins in the United States made of? [答案详解] 录音中提到银币时代已经过去，今天的硬币中已经不含银和其他贵重金属了，即现在的硬币由便宜的金属铸造而成。 第2题 A They are circulated in different markets. B They are issued in different face values. C They have different commodity value. D They are used by various people. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What is the difference between“good money”and“bad money”？ [答案详解] 录音中提到“良币”区别于“劣币”之处在于“良币”具有较高的商品价值，即它们的价值不同，故选C)项。 第3题 A They wanted to reserve some gold and silver. B There was neither enough gold nor enough silver. C New coins were easier to be made. D They could make a profit. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: Why did the governments issue new coins by mixing cheaper metals in the 16th century? [答案详解] 录音中提到，16世纪各国政府用廉价金属混合金银铸造货币，这样货币的造价就能低于其票而价值，政府便可以赚钱。故选D）项。 第4题 A During their employment. B When they have found a job. C During their childhood. D When they are in college. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  Many of the employees think their career path and plans begin during their employment or when they have already secured a job. (1) But basically, if we look at what becomes of a person, you can root it from the upbringing of the person. to be more specific, from childhood. As parents, we usually design our children's future according to what we are or what we wanted to be. We buy them toys and educational materials according to what we dream our children would become someday. In career pathing. the parents' role plays a major part for the individual's success in identifying their chosen career. (2) The best approach is to support the child's interest and not forcing them to take courses that the parents wanted for themselves.Support can be provided by helping them read materials on their field of interest, (3)exposing them to the career and providing information as to the advantages and sacrifices that one may take to accomplish their chosen field. This is not difficult nowadays. The Internet and the publications are now very affordable and even the media provides their formation for the different careers that our children may take. There are shows and programs that can provide a picture of the different fields. (4)But before you go to your television and change the channel of what your children are watching, check first if the program is fit for their age and maturity. 29.Q:According to the speaker, when do people's career path and plans begin? [答案详解] 短文提到，很多人认为他们的职业计划开始于工作期间或是当他们已经找到工作之时。但如果我们看看—个人的成长历程，就会认为它开始于童年时期，故选C)项。 第5题 A To choose some courses for their children. B To help their children read online. C To tell children to work hard. D To show respect to children's interest. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What's the best way for parents to help their children to choose a career? [答案详解] 短文提到，父母所扮演的角色对一个人选择的职业成功与否起着举足轻重的作用。最好的方式就是鼓励孩子的兴趣，不要强迫他们去学父母自己想学的课程，故选D)项。 第6题 A To develop their own hobbies. B To understand their future career. C To know something about the media. D To make their own friends. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: Why should children be supported to read something related to their interests? [答案详解] 短文提到，对孩子的支持可以通过帮其阅读他们兴趣范围内的资料，让他们了解这个行业和他们选择这个职业后可能得到的好处和将需要做出的牺牲。故选B)项。 第7题 A Whether the program is good for the children. B Whether the show is interesting. C Whether the show is related to parenting. D Whether the children like this channel. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What should parents pay attention to when their children are watching TV? [答案详解] 短文提到，父母在走向电视机准备换掉孩子正在收看的电视频道之前，应先看看这个节目是否适合他们的年龄和心智发展程度，即是否对孩子有利，故选A)项。 第8题 A The need to exercise the memory. B How the brain differs from other body tissues. C The unconscious learning of a physical activity. D How nerves control body movement. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  Some of the most practical lessons coming out of research in psychology are the area of memory. People ask, why can't I remember that term from the physical chapter or the date my library books in due? Well, for a lot of people, memory may be weak, because they don't use it enough. (1)It's like a muscle, if you don't exercise it, it won't stay strong.That's why it's important to keep our mind active, to keep on learning throughout our life. We can do this by reading, playing memory games and seeking out new experiences. It's my guess though that the lack of mental stimulation isn't a problem for students like you. More likely, the lives you all live are so busy and stimulating that this in itself may sometime interfere with learning. Later on we will be discussing how information is recalled from memory. But, first, the information needs to be recorded, in other words, learned. And for busy people like you and me, that will be where the real problem often lies. If we are distracted, or we are trying to think what we are going to do next, the incoming message just might not be getting recorded effectively. And that leads to the first tip for students who want to improve their memories. Give your full attention to the information you hope to retain. (2)Research clearly. shows the advantages of this, and also of active learning, of consciously trying to visualize a new fact, perhaps to make a mental picture,even a wildly ridiculous one, so the new fact will stick in memory. (3) Let me illustrate that for you here a little more concretely. 33. Q: What does the speaker illustrate with the example of muscle? [答案详解] 录音提到（记忆）就像肌肉，不锻炼就不会强壮，可知作者举锻炼肌肉的例子是为了说明记忆也需要锻炼。故选A)。 第9题 A Repeat it aloud. B Write it down. C Make a mental picture of it. D Practice recalling it. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What does the speaker suggest students do to learn new information more effectively? [答案详解] 录音提到在脑海中形成一幅图片，这样事情就会牢牢地存留在记忆中，故选C)。 第10题 A Ask questions about the memories. B Give an example of active learning. C Explain recent research on memories. D Make assignments about memories. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What will the speaker probably do next? [答案详解] 由illustrate“举例说明”可知老师接下来要举例阐释这一点。故选B)。 六、Translation（本大题5小题．每题7.0分，共35.0分。 Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. (5 minutes) ） 第1题 I spent several months on this project ______ (却发现所有都是徒劳).   【正确答案】： 答案:only to find all was in vain [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [考点] ①不定式短语作状语：“却发现”译为only to find，表示出乎意料的结果．only起到加强语气的作用。②固定词组：“徒劳”译成in vain。 [拓展] spend+一段时间+on…/in doing…表示“花费时间在（做）某事”。 第2题 ______(每当他听到那首优美的旋律),he would recall the vast grassland he went to several years ago.   【正确答案】： 答案:Every time he hears the melodious melody [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [考点] 时间状语从句：用every time“每次”来引导时间状语从句。 [拓展] 与every time用法类似的还有the moment，也可以引导时间状语从句。 第3题 We will organize diversified cultural and educational programs to_________(满足人民的需要).   【正确答案】： 答案:to cater to the needs of people [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [考点] 固定短语：“满足需求”译为cater to the needs。 [拓展] 同义短语：meet the needs。 第4题 Why do these news programs ________________(一直都详细描述谋杀和暴力)?   【正确答案】： 答案:dwell on murder and violence all the time [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [考点] 固定用法：“详细描述”可译为dwell on。 [拓展] “详细描述”也可以用动词detail来表示，本处可泽为detail murder and violence all the time。 第5题 ______(出席今年奥斯卡颁奖典礼的) were hundreds of film stars including Tom Hanks, Nicholas Cage, Kevin Spacey.   【正确答案】： 答案:Present at the Oscar Awards Ceremony this year [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [考点] 倒装句：本题考查的是倒装句中完全倒装的一种情形，即“表语+系动词+主语”。 none、七（共Listening Comprehension（Section C）小题,11共分）77.0 第1题 Abraham Maslow asserts that all human have basic needs and that these needs can be arranged in a hierarchy, that is, people don't (1)__________ themselves with higher-level needs until lower-level needs are satisfied. Maslow termed the two levels of needs at the bottom of the hierarchy physiological(生理的) needs and safety needs. People's physiological needs are for air, water, and food. Their safety needs are for security and (2)__________ . Maslow called these two levels survival needs; satisfaction of these needs is necessary for basic human (3)__________ . Once survival needs are (4)__________ ,the higher-level needs which are called psychological needs-the need to belong, the need for esteem, and the need for self-actualization--become (5)__________ important. These needs may affect people's group memberships throughout their lives. Once people have satisfied their basic survival, physiological and safety needs, they turn their (6)__________ to a social or belongingness need. People need to feel that they are a part of some groups. Relationships such as friendships. romantic (7) __________ and families help satisfy this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or (8) __________ groups. After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem need becomes more important. (9)__________________________________________  Finally. people have a need for self-actualization. This need differs from the first four needs. The former needs (10)__________________________________________ actualization is called a being need, which involves people trying to be all that they can be and living life to be fullest. (11)__________________________________________  【正确答案】： 答案:concern [听力原文] Abraham Maslow asserts that all human have basic needs and that these needs can be arranged in a hierarchy, that is, people don't(1)concern themselves with higher-level needs until lower-level needs are satisfied. Maslow termed the two levels of needs at the bottom of the hierarchy physiological (生理的) needs and safety needs. People's physiological needs are for air, water, and food. Their safety needs are for security and (2) protection. Maslow called these two levels survival needs; satisfaction of these needs is necessary for basic human (3)existence. Once survival needs are (4) fulfilled, the higher-level needs which are called psychological needs-- the need to belong, the need for esteem, and the need for self-actualization--become(5)increasingly important. These needs may affect people's group memberships throughout their lives. Once people have satisfied their basic survival, physiological and safety needs, they turn their(6) attraction to a social or belongingness need. People need to feel that they are a part of some groups. Relationships such as friendships, romantic (7) attachments and families help satisfy this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or (8)religious groups. After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem need becomes more important.(9) They need to feel not only that they are accepted, but also that they are worthwhile and valued by others. Finally, people have a need for self-actualization. This need differs from the first four needs. The former needs (10) are called deficiency needs because individuals perceive them as a void to fill by drawing on the resources of other people. Self-actualization is called a being need, which involves people trying to be all that they can be and living life to be fullest. (11)They are ready to function as autonomous beings, operating independently in quest of their own full potential.   [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听前预测] 空格前为don't，空格后为themselves，可知应填动词原形。 [答案详解] concern意为“关心，涉及”；其还常用作名词，意为“关心，关心的事”。 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:protection [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听前预测] 连词and连接并列成分，且空格前为security，可知应填名词。 [答案详解] protection意为“保护，防卫”；其动词形式为protect。 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:existence [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听前预测] 根据前面的for basic human可知空格处为for的宾语，故应填入名词。 [答案详解] existence意为“生存，生活，存在”；其动词形式为exist。 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:fulfill [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听前预测] 根据对句子的分析，此句为被动句，可知应填动词过去分词。 [答案详解] fulfill意为“实现，满足, 履行”；其名词形式为fulfillment。 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:increasingly [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听前预测] 空格前为become，空格后为important．可知应填副词。 [答案详解] increasingly意为“日益，逐渐地”。 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:attraction [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听前预测] 空格前为their，可知应填名词。 [答案详解] attraction意为“吸引，吸引力”；其动词形式为attract。 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:attachment [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听前预测] such as引导并列的成分，且空格前为friendships．空格后为families，可知应填名词的复数形式。 [答案详解] attachment意为“依恋；附件；连接物”；其动词形式为attach，意为“附加，依附”。 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:religious [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听前预测] 空格后为groups，可知应填形容词修饰名词。 [答案详解] religious意为“宗教的，虔诚的”。 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:They need to feel not only that they are accepted, but also that they are worthwhile and valued by others. [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [汉语释义] 他们需要感受到不仅他们是被接受的，而且是有价值的、受到别人重视的 [答案详解] not only.…but also.…意为“不仅…，而且…”；worthwhile意为“值得做的，有价值的”；value意为“重视，评价”，其还常作名词，意为“价值，重要性”。 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:are called deficiency needs because individuals perceive them as a void to fill by drawing on the resources of other people. [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [汉语释义] （前四种需要）称为匮乏性需求，因为他们认为自己是一个需要利用别人的资源来填充的空间 [答案详解] deficiency意为“缺陷，缺点”．deficiency needs意为“匮乏性需求”；perceive意为“感觉，认为”，perceive. as意为“视为, 当作”，draw on意为“利用，吸收”。 第11题 【正确答案】： 答案:They are ready to function as autonomous beings, operating independently in quest of their own full potential. [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [汉语释义] 他们已准备成为一个自主的人，自主生活，追求充分发挥自己的潜力 [答案详解] autonomous意为“自治的，自主的”；in quest of意为“追求，寻求”；potential意为“潜能，潜力”，其还常作形容词．意为“潜在的，可能的”。 none、八（共Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)小题,5共分）45.0 第1题 Are passwords out of fashion? It's starting to seem like it. Everybody hates them, and nobody can remember all the ones they've created. These days a typical netizen (网民)has dozens of online accounts. If you really want to be safe, you need to have a different password for each one, and each password needs to be incredibly complicated, with a mix of capital letters, symbols, and numbers. Who can keep all that stuff in their heads? Most people don't bother. Some just make up one password and use it everywhere. Others might have a few passwords'--one for all their banking and financial stuff, one for their social networks. one for email. Problem is that if one site gets hacked, the bad guys now have the password that you use elsewhere. These hacks are happening so frequently these days that you might as well assume there is no way to keep a password secret. Computer scientists realize the system is broken, and they're looking for alternatives. But most attempts haven't been very good. Fingerprint readers require special hardware, and a lot of people find them strange and don't want to use them. Smart cards and tokens can be lost or stolen." We've tried all sorts of other approaches, but we end up back with passwords. They're the least worst in a series of bad options," says Rich Mogull, CEO of Securosis, a security consultancy. Markus Jakobsson, a veteran security researcher with a Ph. D. in computer science, has come up with something he calls "fast words”'. Instead of inventing a complicated password, you join three simple words that come from a thought known only to you. If one day you were driving to work and ran over a frog that ended up flat, you might choose "frog work flat. " Some advantages: You can enter the three words in any order ("flat frog work"),and the system still knows that you're you. If you totally blank, the fastword system will tell you one of the three words, which should enable you to remember the original thought and thus the three keywords. Jakobsson says one large service provider is evaluating the fastwords concept. Fastwords represents a step in the right direction, but it's not the promised land. Someone, somehow, needs to come up with something radically different-and radically better-than what we have today. To be safe, one is advised to have a ______password for each online account. 【正确答案】： 答案:different and complicated [本题分数]： 9.0 分 【答案解析】 根据题干关键词safe，password．online account定位到原文第一段第五句：If you really want to be safe，you need to have a different password for each one, and each password needs to be incredibly complicated…可知．如果你真的想要安全的话，你需要给每个账号没一个不同的密码，并且每个密码需要极度复杂，故空格处应填入密码应具备的两个特征：different and complicated.   第2题 We may assume it is very hard to keep a password safe because of the ______hacks. 【正确答案】： 答案:frequent [本题分数]： 9.0 分 【答案解析】 根据题干关键词keep a password safe．hacks定位到原文第二段最后一句：These hacks are happening so frequently these days that you might as well assume there is no way to keep a password secret.可知，密码无法保密的原因是黑客事件频频发生。原文中是frequently，但空格处应填入形容词，故填入frequent。   第3题 After trying all kinds of other ways, computer scientists find passwords are______ than other bad options. 【正确答案】： 答案:better [本题分数]： 9.0 分 【答案解析】 根据题干关键阋computer scientists．bad options定位到原文第三段倒数一、二句：We've tried all sorts of other approaches, but we end up back with passwords. “They're the least worst in a series of bad options,”says.可知，我们已经试过其他各种方法，但最终不得不回到密码。在一系列糟糕的选择中，密码是最好的。题干中的than表明此处应填入比较级形式，结合句意填入better。   第4题 One advantage of Jakobsson's " fastwords" is that you can input the three words ______. 【正确答案】： 答案:in any order [本题分数]： 9.0 分 【答案解析】 根据题干关键词advantage，Jakobsson's“fastwords”．input定位到原文第四、五段。其中第五段第一句：…You can enter the three words in any order.可知，你可以按任何顺序输入这三个词。题千中的input对应原文的enter。   第5题 Even though fastwords is not the final solution, it is a step ______. 【正确答案】： 答案:in the right direction [本题分数]： 9.0 分 【答案解析】 根据题干关键词final solution．step定位到原文最后一段第一句：Fastwords represents a step in the right direction-but it's not the promised land.可知．快码代表着我们朝正确的方向前进了一步，但并不是希望之乡。题干中的final solution对应原文的the promised land。   none、九（共Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)小题,10共分）70.0 第1题 Why Winners Win at… The new science of triumph in sports, business, and life. As a quickly rising new star in professional tennis, Andre Agassi had undergone bitter failure by the early 1990's,losing games again and again. Things have changed since he hired the coach, Brad Gilbert. Gilbert criticized him for trying to play with perfection. Instead of risking a killer shot on every point, why not keep the ball in play and give the other guy a chance to lose? Gilbert told Agassi "It's all about your head. With your talent, if you're fifty percent game-wise, but ninety-five percent head-wise, you're going to win." Since that, Agassi began to pull out wins in matches that the old Agassi would have lost and got No.1 ranking at last. Because he had learned how to win. What is it that separates winners from losers? The proper answer is that, in sports at least, winners simply have certain things that mortals don't, such as better physical conditions. But fitness doesn't tell the full story." There are more players that have the talent to be the best in the world than there are winners," says Timothy Gallwey, the author of several books about the mental side of tennis, golf, and other pursuits. "One way of looking at it is that winners get in their own way less. They interfere with the raw expression of talent less. And to do that, first they win the war against fear, against doubt, against insecurity-which are no minor victories. " Defined that way, winning becomes translatable into areas beyond the physical: chess, spelling bees, the corporate world, even combat. The breadth of our definition for winning means that there is no single gene for victory across all fields. But neuroscientists(神经科学家) ,psychologists, and other researchers are beginning to better understand the highly interdisciplinary concept of winning, finding surprising links between brain chemistry, social theory, and even economics, which together give new insight into why some people come out on top again and again. One area relating to winning is being disrupted. Scientists have long thought that dominance is largely determined by testosterone(睾丸激素); the more you have, the more likely you are to prevail. and not just on the playing field. Last August, though, researchers at the University of Texas and Columbia found that testosterone is helpful only when regulated by small amounts of another hormone called cortisol(皮质醇). Across Columbia's campus, professors at the business school are putting this dominance science into practice, collecting saliva (唾液) samples from M. B. A. students to measure both hormones. Each subject is then given a prescription to get the two steroids(类固醇)into ideal balance. The ideal leader, says Prof. Paul Ingram, is "calm, but with an urge towards dominance." It's true for both men and women, and in theory it all adds up to winning a contract, winning a promotion, winning the quarter. New science like this illuminates winners of the past. It's a glance inside the blood stream of perhaps the most thrilling competitor to ever' destroy his opponents at a task: Bobby Fischer, the chess champion." For Fischer, there was a cruel desire to beat his opponent," says Liz Garbus, the director of the new documentary Bobby Fischer Against the World."Bobby took delight in how he made his opponent ill. " Before his legendary final match with the Russian player Boris Spassky in Iceland in 1972,which would determine the world's No.1 player, Fischer underwent extensive weight and endurance training; he told a strength coach that he wanted to physically break Spassky's hand the first time they shook. As the match approached, Fischer hesitated and would not show up, issuing increasingly bizarre demands and irritating his foe before play had even begun. With the world watching, he did eventually arrive in Reykjavik (雷克雅未克=冰岛首都),and with the match tied 2 to 2,Fischer changed the move that he always opened with, which was the only structure Spassky had prepared for, and in this unfamiliar territory the Russian was helpless. Fischer followed with further aggression, Spassky never recovered. He managed just one win in the next 15 games, and Fischer and his mind and the testosterone-cortisol cocktail within were No.1 in the world. What's better than winning'? Doing it while someone else loses. An economist at the University of Bonn has shown that test subjects who receive a given reward for a task enjoy it significantly more if other subjects fail or do worse-a finding that overthrew traditional economic theories that absolute reward is a person's central motivation. Neuroeconomic studies often involve the dopamine(多巴胺)system, a part of the brain that is highly involved with rewards and reward anticipation. Dopamine receptors seem to track possibilities and how expected or unexpected they are. For fans, it helps to explain why a win by a No.1 seed over an unranked challenger is no big deal, while weak-side winners like the 1980 U.S. Olympic hockey team are so exciting. A similar kind of expectation management occurs in the minds of athletes themselves, says Scott Huettel, the director of Duke University's Center for Neuroeconomic Studies. If you ranked an Olympic event's three medalists by happiness, the athlete winning gold obviously comes first. What's fascinating, Huettel says, is that the bronze medalist is second-most delighted, and the silver finisher is most frustrated. "People's brains are constantly comparing what happened with what could have happened," he says." A bronze medalist might say, ‘Wow, I almost didn't get a medal. It's great to be on the stand!” And the silver medalist is just thinking about all the mistakes he made that prevented him from winning gold." All countries love winning, of course. But America, a nation born through victory on the battlefield, has a special relationship with the practice. "When you here, every one of you, were kids, you all admired the fastest runner, the toughest boxer, the big-league ballplayers, and the All-American football players." General George S. Patton once told a gathering of U.S. Army troops in England." Americans love a winner," Patton said loudly. "Americans will not tolerate a loser." The next day was June 6,1944,D-Day,and these were the men who would invade Normandy. We know where that one goes in the win-loss column. But why do we admire winners-and put so much of our own happiness at risk when watching them compete? At some level of the brain, we think we are the guys in the competition. On Nov. 4.2008,the night of the most recent presidential election, neuroscientists at Duke and the University of Michigan gave a group of voters some chewing gum. They collected samples at 8 p.m. ,as the polls closed, and again at 11:30,as Barack Obama was announced the winner. Testosterone levels normally drop around that time of night, but not among Obama supporters-while testosterone declined in gum taken from the men who had voted for John McCain. Vicarious(感同身受的) participation, the scientists concluded， mirrors what happens to the principal competitors themselves; the same thing happens in men who watch football and basketball--and, it follows, any other fiercely fought contest, from Andre Agassi's greatest matches to Bobby Fischer's run at the Russians. Why do Americans love a winner? Because it lets us love ourselves. Gilbert's criticism for Agassi was that______. A he didn't try his best to play tennis B he gave his opponent too many chances C he didn't master the basic techniques D he always tried to play perfectly 【正确答案】： D [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 由题干关键词Gilbert，criticism，Agassi定位到第一段第三句：Gilbert criticized him for trying to play with perfection.可知Gilbert批评他总是努力想打得完美。故选D)项。 第2题 People usually think that in sports. something like ______differentiates winners from losers. A excellent skills B better physical conditions C passionate mood D terrific natural talents 【正确答案】： B [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 由题干关键词sports，winners，losers定位到第二段第一、二句：What is it that separates winners from losers? The proper answer is that, in sports at least, winners simply have certain things that mortals don't, such as better physical conditions.是什么把胜利者和失败者区分开的？合理的答案是，至少在体育界，胜利者拥有一些普通人没有的东西，比如像更好的身体条件，所以人们通常认为好的身体状况可以使之区分开来。故选B)项。题于中的differentiates是原文中separates的同义转换。 第3题 What do the players need to do first in order not to hinder their raw expression of talent? A They need to take as much exercise as possible. B They need to follow the coach's guidance exactly. C They need to overcome fear, doubt and insecurity. D They need to maintain a good mood in the court. 【正确答案】： C [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 由题于关键词first，raw expression of talent定位到第二段倒数第一、二句：...And to do that．first they win the war against fear，against doubt，against insecurity--which are no minor victories.可知，如何更少地阻碍天赋的发挥，首先他们要战胜恐惧、怀疑和不安全感，这本身就是很大的胜利。故选C)项。题干中的hinder是原文中interfere with的同义转换。 第4题 What did Fischer do to annoy hrs opponent before their final match even began? A He hesitated and raised many unreasonable demands. B He made negative remarks on his foe. C He underwent much endurance exercise. D He hurt his foe's hand when they shook. 【正确答案】： A [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 由题干关键词Fischer．before，match，began定位到第一匕段倒数第一句：As the match approached．Fischer hesitated and would not show up, issuing increasingly bizarre demands and irritating his foe before play had even begun．随着比赛的临近，Fischer犹犹豫豫不肯出现，提出了越来越多的奇怪的要求，在比赛开始之前就激怒了他的对手。题干中的annoy是原文中irritate的同义转换，opponent是foe的同义转换。 第5题 When Fischer got tied with Spassky in the match, what did he do to defeat Spassky? A He wore a new tie. B He altered his usual opening move. C He kept smiling in the match. D He hired a new coach. 【正确答案】： B [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 由题干关键词Fischer，tied, Spassky定位到第八段第一句：…and with the match tied 2 to 2，Fischer changed the move that he always opened with, which was the only structure Spassky had prepared for, and in this unfamiliar territory the Russian was helpless.可知，当比赛打成平局的时候，Fischer改变了他惯常用的开局方式，把Spassky打了个措手不及。故选B）项。 第6题 An economist at the University of Bonn finds in his test that______. A people's central motivation is absolute reward B people don't care about rewards but about the feelings C winners are not happy if his partners fail D winners enjoy his victory more if others fail 【正确答案】： D [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 由题于关键词economist，University of Bonn，test定位到第九段第二、三句：Doing it while someone else loses. An economist at the University of Bonn has shown that test subjects who receive a given reward for a task enjoy It significantly more if other subjects fail or do worse.…可知，波恩大学的经济学家发现，当别人失败或做得不好的时候，受到奖赏的人就会更加高兴。故选D)项。 第7题 According to Huettel, in an Olympic event, the least happy one is ______after the game. A the athlete taking the fourth place B the bronze finisher C the silver medalist D the athlete winning the gold medal 【正确答案】： C [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 由题干关键词Huettel，in an Olympic event定位到第十一段第三句：…and the silver finisher is most frustrated.银牌得主是最有挫败感的人。故选C)项。题干中的the least happy是原文中most frustrated的同义转换。 第8题 General George S. Patton once made a speech to encourage his Army to achieve greater success before the day they______. 【正确答案】： 答案:invaded Normandy   [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 由题于关键词General George S．Patton，Army定位到第十二段倒数第二、三、四句：General George S．Patton once told a gathering of U.S. Army troops... The next day was June 6,1944,D-Day,and these were the men who would invade Normandy.可知，巴顿将军对他的军队所说的那番鼓舞人心的话是在登陆诺曼底的前一天。根据题干来看，这里需要填一个动词的过去式，故填入invaded Normandy。   第9题 When the presidential election had just ended, the testosterone level of the supporters for John McCain______. 【正确答案】： 答案:declined   [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 由题干关键词testosterone，John McCain定位到第十三段倒数第一句：…while testosterone declined in gum taken from the men who had voted for John McCain。从为John McCain投票的人所吃的口香糖中测出他们的睾丸激素水平下降。题干中的supporters是原文中who had voted for的同义转换。   第10题 The phenomenon that the same thing happens in men who watch the games as in the players is called______. 【正确答案】： 答案:vicarious participation   [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 由题于关键词same thing，happens，in men，watch定位到第十四段第一句：Vicarious participation．The scientists concluded, mirrors what happens to the principal competitors themselves; the same thing happens in men who watch football and basketball.…可知，观看比赛的人能够感同身受到参赛者的心情，科学家将其总结为vicarious participation。   跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com