2014年专业八级考试试题及答案解析(三十五)

专业八级考试试题及答案解析(三十五) 一、Reading Comprehension (Comprehension)（共20小题,共20.0分）In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two. 第1题 In the evenings, they go to the mall. Once a week or more. Sometimes, they even leave the dinner dishes in the sink so they will have enough time to finish all the errands. The father never comes—he hates shopping, especially with his wife. Instead, he stays at home to read the paper and put around his study: To do things that the other dads must be doing in the evenings. To summon the sand to come rushing in and plug up his ears with its roaring silence. Meanwhile, the mother arms herself with returns from the last trip. Her two young daughters forget games of flashlight tag or favorite TV shows and strap on tennis shoes and seatbelts： and they're off. On summer nights, when it's light until after the fireflies arrive, the air is heavy and moist. The daughters unroll their windows and stick the whole of their heads out into the slate blue sky, feeling full force the sweaty, honey suckle air. In the cold mall, their rubber soles squeak on shiny linoleum squares. The younger daughter tries not to step on any cracks. The older daughter keeps a straight-ahead gaze; her sullen eyes count down each errand as it's done. It is not until the third or, on a good night, the fourth errand that the trouble begins. The girls have wandered over to examine rainbow beach towels, perhaps, or some kind of pink ruffled bedspread. The mother's voice finds them from a few aisles away. Dinner squirms in the daughters' stomachs. Now comes that what-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second? or where-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into? feeling that they get around this time of evening, at the mall. The older one shakes her ponytails at the younger one. Her blue eyes hiss the careful-don't-cry warning, but the younger one's cheeks only get redder. Toe by toe, the daughters edge towards housewares where they finger lace placemats or trace patterns in the store carpet with sneakered soles. The mother's voice still finds them, shaking with rage. Finally, heels slapping in her sandals, she strides towards them and then keeps going. They follow, catching her word-trail, "Stupid people. Stupid，stupid，stupid. I HATE stupid people." It's the little skips between steps the younger one takes to keep up with her mother's tong, angry legs. It's the car door slamming and the seat belt buckle yanked into place. It's those things that tell the daughters how the next few hours will go. In the car, the older one sighs and grinds her back teeth. The younger one feels her face get hotter and her eyes start to swell. She stares at an ice cream stain on the back of the front seat and sees a pony, a flower, and a fairy in that splash of chocolate mint chip. The mother begins on both at once. "And when we get home, if your shoes are still in the TV room, I'm throwing them out. Same for books. No more shit house. No more lazy, ungrateful kids." And so on and so on through the black velvet sky and across the Hershey bar roads. On into the house with a slap or two. "You'll be happy when I'm in my grave," wails at them as they put on their nightgowns and brush their teeth. The older one sets a stone jaw and the younger one tries not to sob as she opens wide, engulfing her small hand and scrubbing each and every molar. The father is not spared. The volcanic mother saves some up just for him. "Fucking lousy husband. Do-nothing father. "And on like that for an hour or so more. Then in the darkest part of the night, it's bare feet and cool hands on a small sweaty forehead. Kisses and caresses and "Sorry Mom got a little mad." Promises for that pink ruffled bedspread or maybe a new stuffed animal. Long fingers rake through the younger one's curls. "Tomorrow evening, we'll get you some kind of treat. Right after dinner, we'll go to the mall." From the first paragraph, we get the impression that A the father is inert. B their life is bustling. C the evenings are exciting. D the mother is constantly nagging. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。由题干定位至首段。第三句指出：they even leave the dinner dishes in the sink so they will have enough time to finish all the errands，既然为了购物她们连碗都来不及洗，可见生活很忙乱。 B为答案。第四句提到爸爸不愿意和妈妈一块儿购物，但没有提及原因，排除A。D“妈妈总是唠叨”在首段并未提及，排除。首段并未对他们在夜晚的感受进行评论，排除C。 第2题 According to the passage, the two daughters seem to A enjoy the evening's shopping in the beginning. B be reluctant to run errands with the mother. C enjoy browsing various kinds of items. D be glad to help their mother with housework. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。由题干中的two daughters定位至第二段。第二句提到Her two young daughters forget games of flashlight tag or favorite TV shows and strap on tennis shoes and seatbelts。结合第四句中的the sweaty，honey suckle air可以看出她们很喜欢和妈妈一起去购物，A符合文意，故为答案。 第3题 The word "squirms' in the fourth paragraph probably means A moves. B squirts. C wriggles. D digests. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语义题。第四段首句指出两个女孩儿胃部的反应：dinner squirms。第二句对其做出解释：Now comes that what-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?...feeling that they get around this time of evening，at the mall．其中的threw up意为“呕吐”，由此可推出squirm意为“不舒服地蠕动”之意，C与此意思相同，故为答案。squirt意为“喷”，如果已经喷出来，就不会有第二句中的想法了，排除B。 第4题 Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe the mother? A Irritable. B Remorseful. C Amiable. D Discontented. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。依据题目顺序定位至最后几段。第四段第六句指出The mother's voice still finds them， shaking with rage．A符合文意。末段首句提到“爸爸未能幸免”，第三句的骂人话表明了妈妈对丈夫的不满，D符合文意。第七句中的Kisses and caresses and“Sorry Mom got a little mad．”表明妈妈在骂完孩子产后感到后悔，B符合文意。只有C“和蔼的，亲切的”不符合文意，故为答案。 第5题 Which category of writing does the text belong to? A Narration. B Description. C Persuasion. D Exposition. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 篇章题。本文是一篇描写文，描绘了一个不甚和睦的家庭晚上是如何度过的。全文大部分内容是描述妈妈和两个女儿在购物中心时的场景及产生的矛盾和冲突，故B为答案。文章并非叙述故事，也没有就某一主题展开说明议论。 第6题 For one brief moment, after years of fear and loathing, America seemed ready to make peace with the SAT. When the University of California several years ago threatened to treat the test like a bad batch of cafeteria food and tell applicants not to buy it, the College Board junked the bewildering analogy questions (Warthogs are to pigs as politicians are to what?), created a writing section (including producing an essay), added tougher math questions and more reading analysis—and had everybody talking about the new-and-improved SAT. Then the first students to take SAT: The Sequel were seen stumbling out of the testing centers as if they had just run a marathon, and all the happy talks ended. With the three hours and 45 minutes stretching to five hours with breaks and instructions, it got worse. Nobody is sure how, but moisture in some SAT answer sheets caused pencil marks to bleed or fade, producing more than 5,000 tests with the wrong scores. Even after that was fixed, several universities reported a sharp drop in their applicants' average scores, which many attributed to exhaustion, and more colleges told applicants they would no longer have to take the SAT. All of which stoked interest in the ACT, the SAT's less famous and less feared rival based in lowa City, Iowa. The shorter test is now becoming a welcome alternative for many high schoolers who no longer see a need to endure the usual SAT trauma. "I think the ACT is a true player in the college-admissions game these days, "says Robyn Lady, until recently a college counselor at Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology. Although most Jefferson students still take the SAT, the number of ACTs there has tripled in the last two years. It's a shift that, if it continues, could change the balance of entrancetest power, since the Fairfax County, Va. ,magnet sends more kids to the Ivy League than almost any other U. S. school. The SAT, with a maximum 2,400 points, and the ACT, with a maximum 36 points, are scored differently, but otherwise are no more different from each other than American football differs from the Canadian version. Students usually do equally well on each. The SAT's new 25-minute essay is required, while the ACT's essay is optional. The SAT is three hours and 45 minutes long. The comparable ACT is three hours and 25 minutes. The SAT has three sections: critical reading, math and writing. The ACT has math, science, reading and English sections, plus optional writing. The ACT with the writing test costs $ 43, more than the SAT's $ 41.50, but the ACT is only $ 29 without the writing section. Several high-school guidance counselors say they assume the ACT, with 1.2 million test takers in the class of 2005 compared with 1.5 million for the SAT, will eventually catch up, in part because so many educators are advising their students to try both. Wendy Andreen, counselor at Memorial Senior High School in Houston—where the SAT has been supreme—says she tells students every year they should take both tests to be safe, and many are beginning to listen, with ACTs up 18 percent since 2002. Deb Shaver, director of admissions at Smith College, says counselors are steering students to the ACT "because there is less hysteria surrounding the ACTs, and students feel less stressed about taking the test." The mistakes made in the scoring of the October 2005 SAT by Pearson Educational Measurement, the College Board's subcontractor, have not been forgotten, counselors say. The SAT suffered from damaging news stories as details of the errors came out bit by hit. In the end, 4, 411 students had scores reported to colleges that were lower than they actually earned and had to be corrected; 17 percent of the corrections were for more than 40 points. College Board president Gaston Caperton apologized, saying the mishap "brings humility, and humility makes us more aware, empathetic and respectful of others." But many counselors, who often complain about the New York City-based nonprofit's influence over their students' futures, say they have their doubts. "I think the College Board sees this as a purely technical problem that they can solve through purely technical means, "says Scott White, a counselor at Montclair ( N. J. ) High School. "I don't think they appreciate the damage that was done to their already shaky credibility." The analogy of SAT to bad cafeteria food indicates that A the SAT is undesirable. B the SAT should be replaced. C the SAT'a keepers are blamed. D the SAT's critics are praised. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。由题干中的cafeteria food定位至首段。第二句提到加州大学几年前威胁说要将SAT当作变了质的食物一样扔掉，让申请者们不要参加该考试。可见该考试受到质疑，不再受到欢迎，A符合文意，故为答案。此处没有提到用新的考试取代SAT考试，排除B。 第7题 "The happy talk" in the second paragraph probably refers to A the suggestion that the SAT should be reformed. B the idea that the SAT will be improved. C the concept that the SAT will be substituted. D the belief that the SAT has been improved. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语义题。由题干定位至第二段。首句提到在第一批参加了新SAT考试的考生从考场出来后，那些 happy talk都停止了。结合首段末句提到的had everybody talking about the new-and-improved SAT可以判断，在College Board对SAT进行改革之后，所有的人都很乐观，认为SAT有了改进， D符合文意，故为答案。 第8题 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the ACT? A Many students now prefer to take the ACT. B The ACT could hardly be the SAT's adversary. C The ACT has taken the lead over the SAT. D Some people think highly of the ACT. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。由题干中的ACT定位至第三段。首句提到ACT是SAT的less famous and less feared rival B符合文意。第三句指出Robyn Lady的观点：the ACT is a true player in the college-admissions game these days，D符合文意。第四句中的the number of ACTs there has tripled in the last two years表明A符合文意。只有C未提及，为过度推断，故为答案。 第9题 Many American educators now tend to A be in favor of the ACT. B be slightly critical of the SAT. C sit on the fence in the dispute. D be strongly critical of the SAT. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 态度题。由题干中的educators定位至第五段。首句指出so many educators are advising their students to try both，接着进一步说明；they should take both tests to be safe．可见这些人对SAT和 ACT是不偏不倚的中立态度，故C为答案。 第10题 The mistake made in the scoring of the October 2005 SAT has led to A an experience of humiliation. B the resignation of head of the Board. C more or less a crisis of trust. D the breakdown of computer systems. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。由题干中的October 2005 SAT定位至倒数第二段。该段提到由于2005年的评分错误，出现了大量关于SAT的负面新闻。末段提到人们对College Board的质疑：I don't think they appreciate the damage that was done to their already shaky credibility．可见该委员会的声誉已经受到了影响，C符合文意，故为答案。 第11题 The best title for the passage might be A The Shaky Credibility. B Repeated Promises of Reform. C Can the SAT Be Made Better? D Can the ACT Take Down the SAT? 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 主旨题。开篇提到几年前人们对SAT的质疑随着大学委员会对该考试进行的改革而销声匿迹。但是在第—批考生参加新SAT考试，发现其变得更糟之后，人们开始关注ACT。近几年，ACT升温趋势明显，很多老师建议学生参加两种考试，这样更保险。最后指出2005年SAT考试出现的计分错误开始动摇人们对大学委员会的信任。可见全文主旨是探讨ACT是否能够取代SAT，故D为答案。本文只在最后提到shaky credibility，A非主旨。文章没有着重介绍SAT改革，排除B和 C。 第12题 David Landes, author of The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor, credits the world's economics and social progress over the last thousand years to "Western civilization and its dissemination." The reason, he believes, is that Europeans invented systematic economic development. Landes adds that two unique aspects of Europeans culture were crucial ingredient in EUrope's economic growth. First, Landes espouses a generalized form of Max Weber's thesis that the values of work, initiative, and investment made the difference for Europe. Despite his emphasis on science, Landes does not stress the notion of rationality as such. In his view, "what counts is work, thrift, honesty, patience, tenacity." The only route to economic success for individuals or states is working hard, spending less than you earn, and investing the rest in productive capacity. This is the fundamental explanation of the problem posed by his book's subtitle: "Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor." For historical reasons—an emphasis on private property, an experience of political pluralism, a temperate climate, an urban style—Europeans have, on balance, followed those practices and therefore have prospered. Second, and perhaps most important, Europeans were learners. They "learned rather greedily," as Joel Mokyr put it in a review of Landes's book. Even if Europeans possessed indigenous technologies that gave them an advantage (spectacles, for example), as Landes believes they did, their most vital asset was the ability to assimilate knowledge from around the world and put it to use—as in borrowing the concept of zero and rediscovering Aristotle's Logic from the Arabs and taking paper and gunpowder from the Chinese via the Muslim world. Landes argues that a systematic resistance to learning from other cultures had become the greatest handicap of the Chinese by the eighteenth century and remains the greatest handicap of Arab countries today. Although his analysis of Europeans expansion is almost nonexistent, Landes does not argue that Europeans were beneficent bearers of civilization to a benighted world. Rather, he relies on his own commonsense law: "When one group is strong enough to push another around and stands to gain by it, it will do so." In contrast to the new school of world historians, Landes believes that specific cultural values enabled technological advances that in turn made some Europeans strong enough to dominate people in other parts of the world. Europeans therefore proceeded to do so with great viciousness and cruelty. By focusing on their victimization in this process, Landes holds, some postcolonial states have wasted energy that could have been put into productive work and investment. If one could sum up Landes's advice to these states in one sentence, it might be "Stop whining and get to work." This is particularly important, indeed hopeful, advice, he would argue, because success is not permanent. Advantages are not fixed, gains from trade are unequal, and different societies react differently to market signals. Therefore, not only is there hope for undeveloped countries, but developed countries have little cause to be complacent, because the current situation "will press hard" on them. The thrust of studies like Landes's is to identify those distinctive features of European civilization that lie behind Europe's rise to power and the creation of modernity more generally. Other historians have placed a greater emphasis on such features as liberty, individualism, and Christianity. In a review essay, the art historian Craig Clunas listed some of the less well known linkages that have been proposed between Western culture and modernity, including the propensities to think quantitatively, enjoy pornography, and consume sugar. All such proposals assume the fundamental aptness of the question: What elements of Europeans civilization led to European success? It is a short leap from this assumption to outright triumphalism. The paradigmatic book of this school is, of course, The End of History and the Last Man, in which Francis Fukuyama argues that after the collapse of Nazism in the twentieth century, the only remaining model for human organization in the industrial and communications ages is a combination of market economics and limited, pluralist, democratic government. According to Landes, some countries are so poor mainly because A they tack work ethic. B they lack rationality. C they are scientifically backward. D they are victimized by colonists. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。第二段第四句提到；The only route to economic success for individuals or states is working hard...，最后说明“Europeans have，on balance，followed those practices and therefore have prospered”，既然Landes认为欧洲之所以与众不同，主要是因为勤劳，由此可以推断贫穷国家是因为缺乏正确的劳动观而致贫。故A为答案。 第13题 Which of the following statements might Landes agree on? A Europeans set out to bring civilization to an unfortunate world, B The Europeans dominated other countries simply because they were strong. C Specific cultural values spurred the Europeans to colonize other countries. D The colonized countries were to blame for being victimized by Europeans. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。按照题目顺序及选项内容定位至第四段。首句指出：Landes does not argue that Europeans were beneficent hearers of civilization to a benighted world，A与此矛盾，排除。第二句指出欧洲扩张的原因：When one group is strong enough to push another around and stands to gain by it, it will do so．B符合文意，故为答案。第三句中的"specific cultural values enabled technological advances”表明C不符合文意。D未提及，排除。 第14题 The cultural elements identified by Landes ______those identified by other historians. A embrace B contradict C glorify D complicate 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 根据题干中的other historians定位至末段。首句指出Landes等人的研究目标：确定欧洲文明中的哪些普遍性因素使欧洲得以强大和现代化。第二句指出：Other historians have placed a greater emphasis on such features as liberty，individualism，and Christianity．可见这里是更具体的一些因素，Landes的研究范围更大，故A为答案。 第15题 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that other historians A follow in the footsteps of Nazism and communism. B are very cautious in linking Western culture and modernity. C focus their attention on relatively specific topics. D hold drastically different views from Landes. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。首句提到Landes的研究重点在于概括性地找出那些让欧洲成长为大国，创造了现代化的欧洲文明的独特特征。接着第二句指出其他历史学家研究的重点：他们重点关注诸如自由、个人主义及基督教这些特征。显然，这些历史学家们所关注的是具体特征，由此推断C为答案。A是对末句的曲解。第二句提到“西方文化和现代化之间的联系”，并未提及其他历史学家的态度，排除 B。Landes和其他历史学家关注的角度不同，但并非观点对立，排除D。 第16题 In discussing Landes's work, the author's tone is A enthusiastic. B skeptical. C reproachful. D matter-of-fact. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 态度题。在对Landes的作品进行介绍时，作者使用了诸如he believes，Landes adds，Landes bclieves Landes argues，Landes holds等客观引述的结构，全文沦述没有夹带作者自己的观点，未就 Landes的观点和作品进行任何评论，因此为客观引述，故D为答案。 第17题 You know her—that nice teenager across the street? Chloe. There she is, sitting in one of the two captain's seats in the midsection of her mom's Toyota Sienna, bopping along to the music on her iPod. Now and then she pulls out one of the ear buds so that she can tell her mom some forgotten bit of news or gossip; Chloe's mom is up to speed on the dramas that are always unfolding in her daughter's circle of friends, just as she can tell you the date of her next French test, the topic of her coming history paper and the location and scope of her next community service project. They have a great night planned out: they're going to pick up Chloe's best friend and then drive back home for a night of DVDs and popcorn in the family room. Her mom will putter around close by, and her dad will probably sit down and watch one of the movies with the girls. When I was in high school in the 1970s,we had a name for teenagers like Chloe: losers. If an otherwise normal girl thought that the best way to spend a Saturday night was home with her parents—not just co-existing with them, but actually hanging out with them—we would have been looking for a bucket of pig's blood. In my day, we did whatever was necessary to get out on a Saturday night: we climbed out of windows; we jumped on the hack of motorcycles; God help us, we hitchhiked. We needed, on the most basic and physical level, to be out in the dangerous night, with one another, away from our parents and the safety of home. It was no way to live, and some of us didn't. But it was a drive so elemental and essential that there seemed no way to deny it. That a profound change has taken place in the relationship between American teenagers and their parents is made clear by statistics from the Federal Highway Administration showing a steady decline in the number of licensed teenage drivers. In the last decade, the proportion of 16-year-olds nationwide who hold driver's licenses has dropped from nearly half to less than one-third. The reasons have a great deal to do with the cost of car insurance and driver's education programs. But among middle-and upper-middle-class young adults, the peer power that created the teenage car culture, the compelling energy that once served to blast an adolescent away from his or her parents has begun to drain away. Teenagers report that they don't need to drive: their parents are willing to take them where they want to go, and they are content to ride shotgun with Mom, texting and yakking all the way to the mall. I had not taught high school long before I attended my first funeral: an 18-year-old,loud in the halls one day, dead on the side of the road the next. If you want to improve your daughter's chances of surviving her teens, don't give her the car keys. If our generation of parents has done one thing right, it has been to manipulate our children into giving up driving. How have we managed it? Through the very aspect of family life we complain about the most: the extracurricular activities that we pay for and arrange and attend; the risibly involved homework assignments that we are so enmeshed with; the whole annoying side industry of being a "servant" and a "private driver". These things harass us no end. But they have bound our children to us in complex and powerful ways, and this has been, to some extent, the point of the entire exercise. It means that we can prolong the period of our children's dependency, to extend the sweet phase of cocooning and protecting well into their adolescence. An American teenager is part premature and part invalid, able to excel in obscure sports but needing his mother to rush the field with a jacket and thermos of soup when he's finished. They have been hobbled by our endless meddling; they lack resourcefulness and resilience. They're like little children, soft and easily wounded. But for all their fussiness and neediness, they love us; they want to be close to us. They have every reason to believe that we will take care of them, even when they would be better off if we lei them struggle a bit. Learn to drive? Why would they want to do that? The author wrote the article from the standpoint of A a teacher. B a parent. C a teenager. D a reporter. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。虽然从第六段可以看出，作者是一位中学老师，但是这篇文章的主题讲的是减少青少年子女开车的方法问题，所以应该是从家长的角度出发，故[B]为答案，排除A。此外，第六段指出如今的父母成功地抑制了孩子们开车，而第七段马上提问"Now have we managed计?”(我们是如何做到的呢?)明显是从家长的角度提问。第八段也提到了“our children"，更说明了这一点。C和D都与这些细节不符，故排除。 第18题 The second and the third paragraphs do NOT imply that A the author in her teenage years would have considered Chloe as abnormal. B teenagers usually spent weekends with their friends in 1970s. C teenagers in 1970s were more likely to drive out. D teenagers in 1970s had a worse relationship With their parents. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。第二段和第三段都讲的是上世纪70年代，作者上中学时候孩子们度过周末的方式，即远离父母和家，与朋友们到外面去寻求刺激，故排除B。第二、三段的作用是与第一段Chloe的做法进行对比。作为现如今的中学生，Chloe选择与父母共同娱乐和度过周末，说明与父母的关系比70年代的年轻人与父母的关系亲密，D的说法就是从中推导出来的，故排除D。从第二段的第一句话就可以看出，当年的作者，作为普遍叛逆的中学生的一员，给Chloe的评价是：loser。因此当时的她肯定会将Chloe视为不合群、不正常，就像我们会去找一桶猪血来玩儿一样不正常。故排除A。第三段指出，70年代的中学生们周末的出行方式是motorcycles和hitchhike(搭便车)，还没有普遍地开车，故答案为C。要注意的是。第三段最后一句话中的“drive”不是“开车”，而是“冲动”的意思。 第19题 The seventh and eighth paragraphs claim all the following EXCEPT A parents are bothered by the daily trifles of their children. B parents want their children to be more independent. C children cannot grow up quickly if taken care of by their parents. D parents are content with the lengthened growing process of their children. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。从第七段可以看出，父母要为子女的生活学习操心，比如课外活动、家庭作业、照顾孩子起居、开车送孩子上下学等等。从第七段"the very aspect of family life we complain about the most”和第八段“These things harass us no end”这两句话可以看出，父母们对照顾孩子们的琐事还是倍受困扰的，故排除A。但是作者话锋一转，又指出这些父母照顾孩子的事情，正是“bound our children to us”的好方法，可以让孩子慢些长大，让孩子再依赖我们多一些，“prolong the period of our children's dependency”，从而让孩子们更安全，而不是更独立，故答案为B。C是“prolong the period of our children's dependency”的另外一种说法，故排除。因为可以使孩子更多得跟父母待在安全的家里，孩子的成长速度放慢了，父母们也是心甘情愿的，故排除D 第20题 What's the main idea of this passage? A Teenager's driving is unsafe and unnecessary. B Teenagers were more rebellious in 1970s. C Teenage driving decreased because of car insurance, driver's education and parents' love. D To make teenagers dependent on parents helps stop them from driving. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 主旨题。作者在文章里集中分析了家长对孩子的照顾使孩子更加依赖父母，这一现象所起到的遏止青少年开车的作用，故答案为D。通过第五段和第六段作者提到参加18岁孩子的葬礼以及父母可以开车送孩子到他们想去的地方，说明青少年开车是危险也是没有必要的，但是这并不是作者写作的意图，故排除A。文章的第二段提到了20世纪70年代的青少年比较叛逆，在周末喜欢跟同伴出去玩儿，其目的是与当今的美同青少年对父母的依赖作对比．而不是文章的主旨，故排除B。文中作者阐述了青少年开车比重的下降，更进一步分析了原因，虽然车辆支付保险和驾驶培训都是原因，但作者却认为子女对父母的依赖才是最主要的原因，这也是本文的主旨，故排除C。 二、Listening Comprehension ( Interview )（共10小题,共10.0分）the next questions are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview. 第1题   From which place did they start their sightseeing? A Houses of Parliament and Big Ben. B The south bank of the Thames. C Lambeth Bridge. D Westminster Abbey. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]   Robinson: Li, I suggest we do a quick tour of central London. As it is Sunday, there is very little traffic. What do you think? Li: That's a great idea, Robinson. What a wonderful view! Robinson: It is, isn't it? Now we are on the south bank of the Thames. You can see the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben from here. I used to work as a tourist guide when I was a student. Let's see if I can still do it. We're now crossing Lambeth Bridge into Westminster. Now we can turn right and drive past Westminster Abbey, where the kings and queens of England are crowned. Li: What's that park on the left? Robinson: That's St. James's Park. We'll drive back down here later. Now we're going along Whitehall. Number 10 Downing Street, where the Prime Minister lives, is on your left. Li: Is that the one with the policeman standing outside? Robinson: That's it. We're coming into Trafalgar Square. This is equally famous for its statue of Horatio Nelson and its pigeons. Li: Horatio ... ? Robinson: Nelson. The naval captain who defeated Napoleon at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and so stopped him from invading England. And this is Piccadilly Circus with its statue of the Greek god of love, Eros. This area we are coming into now is called Soho. This is London's Chinatown. Li: Now I know where to come when I feel homesick! Robinson: I hope you're not feeling homesick already. This area is the main entertainment district. You'll find most of the cinemas and theatres here. We're now going up Charing Cross Rd., and on your left is the world's biggest bookshop Foyles. Li: Do they sell science books? Robinson: They sell bodks on every subject and in most languages. Now we'll drive around the British Museum so that you can get your bearings. Li: Isn't that where Marx used to collect the materials for Capital? Robinson: That's right. He used to work in the British Museum Reading Room. You'll be working there too shortly. The University of London is only a few minutes walk from here. This is Oxford St., the main shopping district. Every British department store has a branch here. Li: It's very quiet for a shopping centre. Robinson: That's because it's Sunday. All the big shops are closed. The rest of the week it's crowded with tourists. Here we are at Marble Arch, at the northeast comer of Hyde Park. Li: What are those people over there shouting about? Robinson: That's Speaker's Comer. Every Sunday people come here to argue about every subject under the sun from how the earth is really flat to the danger of nuclear war. Li: I must come here one Sunday. Robinson: As a speaker or a heckler? Li: Neither. As a spectator only! Robinson: Now we're driving down Park Lane. On the left is Mayfair-the embassy quarter. Li: Where is the Chinese Embassy? Robinson: It's not here. It's in Portland Place, just south of Regent's Park. Li: Is that Hyde Park on the right? Robinson: It certainly is. And we're coming into Green Park now. We'll have a quick look at Buckingham Palace. Every morning at exactly 11:30, from April until the end of September, the Changing of the Guard takes place. Li: So, that's the palace! By the way, is our College far from here? Robinson: No, only about ten minutes. Now, we're coming into your neighbourhood. 第2题 Where does the Horatio Nelson the naval captain who defeated Napoleon at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and so stopped him from invading England stand? A St. James's Park. B Whitehall. C Downing Street. D Trafalgar Squar 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 第3题 According to the conversation when are all the big shops closed? A On weekend. B On Sunday. C On workday. D On Saturday. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 第4题 From the conversation we can know where is the Chinese Embassy? A At Marble Arch. B Near Hyde Park. C In Portland place. D At Mayfair. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 第5题 From the conversation what can we deduce? A Robinson is an English. B Li is very familiar with London. C It is the Li's first look at London. D It is the Robinson's first look at London. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 第6题 The interviewer used to care about all the following things EXCEPT A doing well in some sports. B having good body-image looking. C wearing appropriate clothes. D being popular with other kids. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 1-5 M: A new book explains why girls feel the pressure more than boys, it is called Stressed—out Girls—Helping Them Thrive in the Age of Pressure, the author is psychologist Roni-Cohen-Sandier. Roni， good morning. Good to see you. W: Thank you! M: I usually hate to start by saying, let me play devil's advocate to keep it. Let me play it for a second. When I was a kid, I thought it need to be good in soccer, in baseball, and to look good, and wear the right clothes, and be popular, and do well academically, so why is it harder for girls than boys? W: Well, it's true, Matt, that boys academically want to succeed just as much as girls, but there are two issues. One is that girls face such more intense social pressures during middle school and high school. You know, they want to be seen as looking good, and especially they have issues about body-image appearance that boys don't have. For example, girls that I spoke to, for this book, told me about waking up early in the morning, sometimes an hour or more, to blow dry their hair, to put make-up on, to make sure that their make-up wasn't too much or too little, and especially to pick out their out-fits because they know that what they wear will say something very important about them. M: You've surveyed, I think, 3,000 girls for this book, and you talk about the feet that girls tend to view their or experience their relationships in a different way than boys do, explain that. W: Well, they care so much about their relationships, how their relationships are going well. We're talking friendships here, every kind of relationship, urn, their relationship with teachers, their relationship with parents, their relationships with their peers. And in fact, unless they feel like their relationships are going well, Matt, they can't feel successful. Boys are much more likely to slough it off, but for girls they go through their school day much differently, thinking about how their relationships are going. M: This needs to feel extraordinary or to be extraordinary in so many different areas of their lives. More extraordinary than boys apparently they feel they have to be, how does that impact their personalities with that, the weight on their shoulder? W: Well, they think that they have to be great in everything, and of course, they have limitations. And when they have limitations, they feel like they can't, they can't please people. They feel like they are just not good enough, that their best isn't good enough, and they end up feeling terrible about themselves, and sometimes they give up, they start feeling like they're hopeless and not trying this hard. M: Let's talk about some things that parents can do to look for signs of hidden stress, not obvious stress. W: Right, the girls tend to keep their stress in, because they want to please people. So, you know, every girl, f9r example, is going to be irritable and tired sometimes, but the key is if it becomes a pattern or she suddenly starts saying she hates school or complains about certain teachers, parents should really think about the fact that maybe something stressful is going on. M: Help create a sensible schedule, big peppy, that I think so many kids are over-scheduled, you got to create downtime. W: Absolutely, and parents need to be the voice of reason here, I suggest no more than once work per season, that they make sure that their daughters have at least one free period during the school day, and especially they have a couple of days after school. They just rest and relax, relax and rest, and have downtime. M: All right. So, and also help develop tangible goals, and I would imagine that wouldn't be: get straight-As, or you've got to get 1,600 on your SATs, what are tangible goals? W: Tangible goals arc: do your homework at night before you go to bed instead of trying to do it in the morning before a class or read over your papers before you hand them in, so you don't make careless mistakes, or read your textb6oks again before you take a big test for example. M: Give it your best effort, but don't worry about the results as much. W: Absolutely! M: That's good advice and the last one of course: don't be afraid to make mistakes. W: For sure. M: Thanks so much. Good to have you here. W: Thanks for having me. 第7题 Which of the following is NOT an example of the relationships girls attach importance to? A Their relationships with classmates. B Their relationships with parents. C Their relationships with teachers. D Their relationships with boys. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 第8题 When girls have limitations in face of pressure, they might A stop trying hard. B suffer from indignation. C end up crying out. D accept the fact calmly. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 第9题 Parents should be aware of the hidden stress of their daughters when A the girls are irritable sometimes. B the girls are exhausted someday. C the girls say they hate school. D the girls lie and play truant. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 第10题 One way for the girls to thrive in the age of pressure is to A develop intangible ideas. B set touchable goals. C forget about their stress. D talk with their parents. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 none、三（共Listening Comprehension ( Mini-Lecture )小题,10共分）10.0 第1题  Some Problems Facing Learners of English Although many English learners have got high scores in an English test such as IELTS or TOEFL, they still face some problems concerning its learning. Here we'd like to talk about some of the problems and try to come up with suggestions on how to overcome them. I. Psychological Problems 1. the 1st reason: fear of (1) the solution: —not to look too far ahead —concentrate on increasing knowledge and developing ability 2. the 2nd reason: separation from the family and (2) the solution: —enjoy (3) —time heals nostalgia II. Cultural Problems 1. practical problems — (4) —money —food —weather 2. problems difficult to define —the reason: the British way of life (5) , habits and traditions) —the solution: be open-minded and (6) III. Linguistic Problems 1. problems regarding (7) 1) difficulties in understanding English-speaking people  3 reasons: —fast speed of speech —a variety of accents —different styles of speech 2) ways of overcoming the difficulties —attend (8) —use a language laboratory —listen to English programs —meet and speak with native speakers of English 2. problems regarding speaking 1) difficulties: knowing what to say but not knowing how to say it in English 2) solutions — (9) the language —think in English instead of translating —practice speaking as much as possible —imitate the educated people's (10)  【正确答案】： 答案:the unknown [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 1-10 Even though some EFL learners achieve high score in a certain standard English test such as IELTS or TOFEL, they still have some problems concerning the learning of English. Today I'd like to talk about some of the problems that students face when they follow a course of study through the medium of English—if English is not their mother tongue. The purpose is to show that we're aware of students' problems, and that by analyzing them perhaps it'll be possible to suggest how some of them may be overcome. The problems can be divided into three broad categories: psychological, cultural and linguistic. Some of the common psychological problems really involve fear of the unknown: for example, whether one's academic studies will be too difficult, whether one will fail the exams, and so on. All students share these apprehensions. It's probably best for a student not to look too far ahead but to concentrate day-by-day on increasing his knowledge and developing his ability. The overseas student in Britain may also suffer from separation from his family and possible homesickness t enjoyment of his activities in Britain and the passage of time are the only real help here. Looking now at the cultural problems, we can see that some of them are of a very practical nature, for example, arranging satisfactory accommodation, getting used to British money (or the lack of it), British food and weather. Some of the cultural difficulties are less easy to define: they are bound up with the whole range of alien customs, habits and traditions—in other words, the British way of life. Such difficulties include: settling into a strange environment and a new academic routine; learning a new set of social habits, ranging from the times of meals to the meanings of gestures; expressing appropriate greetings; understanding a different kind of humor; and learning how to make friends. Being open-minded and adaptable is the best approach to some of the difficulties listed here. The largest category is probably linguistic. Let's look at this in some detail. Most students have learnt English at school, but they have had little everyday opportunity to practice using English. When foreign learners first have the opportunity to speak to an English-speaking person they may have a shock: they often have great difficulty in understanding] There are a number of reasons for this. I'll just mention three of them. Firstly, it seems to students that English people speak very quickly. Secondly, they speak with a variety of accents. Thirdly, different styles of speech are used in different situations, for example, everyday spoken English, which is colloquial and idiomatic, is different from the English used for academic purposes. Don't forget, by the way, that if students have difficulty in understanding English-speaking people, these people may also have difficulty in understanding the students! What can a student do then to overcome these difficulties? Well, obviously, he can benefit from attending English classes and if a language laboratory is available use it as much as possible. He should also listen to programmes in English on the radio and TV. Perhaps the most important of all, he should take every available opportunity to meet and speak with native English-speaking people. He should be aware, however, that English people are, by temperament, often reserved and may be unwilling to start a conversation. Nevertheless, if he has the courage to take the initiative, however difficult it may seem to be, most English people will respond. He will need patience and perseverance. In addition to these problems regarding listening and understanding, the student probably has difficulty in speaking English fluently. He has the ideas, he knows what to say but he doesn't know how to say it in English. The advice here will seem difficult to follow but it's necessary. Firstly, he must simplify his language so that he can express himself reasonably clearly; for example, short sentences will be better than long ones. Secondly, he must try to think in English, not translate from his mother tongue. That'll only begin to take place when his use of English becomes automatic; using a language laboratory and listening to as much English as possible will help. In general, he should practice speaking as much as possible. He should also notice the kind of English, and its structure, that educated people use, and try to imitate it. The problem with learning English as a foreign language is that all English learners want to speak English well; however, most learners don't want to spend time on learning English on their own. Learning English requires action. You may know all the learning tips, but if you don't start doing things, you will achieve nothing. The fact is, if you want to learn to speak English well, you must change your life. Thank you for your attention. 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:possible homesickness/ possible nostalgia 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:the activities 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:accommodation 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:alien customs/foreign customs 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:adaptable 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:listening and understanding 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:English classes 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:simplify 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:use of English none、四（共Proofreading and Error Correction小题,10共分）10.0 第1题 A lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on children. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But despite child psychologists have spent a (1) ______ great deal of time studying this problem, there is not many evidence (2) ______ that television brings up juvenile delinquency. (3) ______ Few people in the modern world share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference on sex in their books but had (4) ______ no inhibitions abut including scenes of violence. These days children are often brought up to think freely about sex but violence is discouraged. Nevertheless, television companies receive a large amount of letters every week (5) ______ complaining about programs with adult themes being shown at times which a few young children may be awake. Strangely (6) ______ enough, the parents who complain about these programs see no harm in cartoon films for children in which the villain, usually either an animal or a monster, but in some cases a human being, suffers one cruel punishment after the other. (7)______ The fact is that, which every parent knows, different (8) ______ things frighten different children. One child can read a ghost story without having bad dreams while another can not bear to have the book in his bedroom. In the same way, there is little consistency about the things that terrify adults. Almost everyone has a irrational private fear but while some of us (9) ______ can not stand the sight of spiders, for example, others are frightened from snakes or rats. (10)______ 【正确答案】： 答案:despite→although [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 根据文意，原句的前后两句之间是让步关系，“尽管心理学家花了大量的时间来研究这个问题，但是没有充足的证据 证明 住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问 电视导致了青少年犯罪。”应使用引导止步状语从句的连接词though或although，而不是介词despite“尽管”。 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:many→much [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 evidence是不可数名词，因此，修饰evidence的表示“很多”的词应该用much而不是many。 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:up→about [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 原句中evidence后面的that从句是其同位语从句，表示evidence的内容，即“没有充足证据表明电视导致青少年犯罪”，表示“导致”或“引起”的固定词组是bring about，而不是bring up“抚养”。 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:on→to [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 错误所在句的意思是“儿童书籍的作者避免在书中提到性”，根据refer to sth．(提到)这一固定搭配，名词 reference后面跟的介词应该是to．而不是about。 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:amount→number [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 原句中的“大量”一词修饰letters“信件”，letters是可数名词的复数形式，前面表示“大量”的词应该是a large number of而不是a large amount of。a large amount of修饰不可数名问。 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:which→when [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 原句中which引导定语从句修饰先行词times，定语从句中主谓齐全，可以断定关系词在句中应作状语，故不应用关系代词which，而应该用表示时间的关系副同when 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:the other→another [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 原句的意思是“遭受一个接一个的惩罚”，句型“一个接一个”的说法应该是“one after another”。 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:which→as [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 根据上下文可知原句要表达的意思是“正像家长所知道的，事实是不同的东西可以让不同的孩子害怕”，此处两个逗号之间的成分是插入语，同时也是整个句子的非限制性定语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句修饰一整句话时不能放在句中，应放在句后，故此处应该用可以放在句中的关系代词as，表示“正像某人所知道的”。 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:a→an [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 原句中的irrational fear之前需要用冠词，因为irrational是元音发音开始，所以应该用an而不是a。 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:from→of [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 原句提到others are frightened from snakes or rats“有些人怕蛇和老鼠”，表示“害怕”的句型是be frightened of，所以介词应改为of。 五、Chinese to English （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. ） 第1题 去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢?只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢?过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢?我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢?我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢?但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊? 你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢? 【正确答案】： What can I do, in this bustling world, with my days flying in their escape? Nothing but to hesitate, to rush. What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush, apart from hesitating? Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind, or evaporated as mist by the morning sun. What traces have I left behind me? Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at all? I have come to the world, stark-naked; am I to go back, in a blink, in the same stark nakedness? It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing! 六、English to Chinese （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. ） 第1题 In the new millennium I want to see disabled people acquiring the same degree of control over their lives that other people have. To be disabled is to be no less human than anyone else, but far too often disabled people still have their lives ruled by others. No able-bodied person would put up with it. Access to intellectual opportunities and jobs as well as buildings and public transport need to be regarded as rights, not gifts society is generous enough to bestow on disabled people. Institutions are generally willing to adapt their buildings, but only when a disabled person needs them-and afterwards you hear grumbles that the money was wasted because "you never see" a disabled person using the new facilities. The record is appalling. Even the recent Disability Discrimination ACT fails to cover areas like education and transport, areas that are absolutely crucial if full citizen's rights are to be extended to the disabled. Until recently people with disabilities were not legally allowed to use the London Underground. Now there are a few stops, but still not remotely enough. 【正确答案】： 在新千年里，愿残疾人能获得与他人一样驾驭自己生活的能力。身有残疾并不等于低人一等，但是残疾人的生活仍受到他人主宰的情况比比皆是。对于任何一个身体健全的人来说，这种情况都是无法忍受的。 残疾人不仅要能进入建筑物，使用公共交通工具，而且要有受教育的机会，能获得工作，这应被视为权利，而不应看作社会慷慨施舍给残疾人的礼物。公共机构通常愿意改造其建筑物，但只是在残疾人需要使用这些建筑物时才改造，而且过后就会听到他们抱怨说，钱白白浪费了，因为“根本看不见”残疾人使用新设施。 残疾人的境遇遭透了。甚至最近颁布的《反歧视残疾人法》也没有把教育和交通之类的领域包括进去．要想把公民的全部权利推广到残疾人身上，这些领域至关重要。直到最近，法律才允许残疾人使用伦敦地铁。现在有了几个可供残疾人使用的地铁站，但还远远不够。 七、Writing（本大题1小题．每题20.0分，共20.0分。 ） 第1题 Some people think that young people today are not as hard-working, patient as their parents when they were young. Besides, young people now are quite materialistic. But some young people just do not agree to that and say that time has changed. The qualification for a good youth is different nowadays. What do you think are the qualifications for a good youth now? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR 【正确答案】： The Qualifications for a Good Youth of Today People's values change with time. So arc the qualifications for a good youth, In different ages, people have different requirements for the young generation. Some have changed and some remain the same. In my opinion, good qualifications should at least include the following aspects. First of all, one should have a special ability or talent. In this information age, ability appears to be more important than ever before. If only you are good at managing a company, or at singing, or at dancing, or at a stunt, anything else, you will be popular and admirable. The value of an individual trait has acquired the biggest importance ever in history. This is the result of the strengthened self-value. Secondly, one must be flexible and open to new things. Stubbornness is not popular. One must adapt to the development of society and accept new things quickly. Those conservative, obedient young people are no longer taken as models. They may dangerously become the laugh stock. You will be taken as cool if you could play the latest, most complicated computer games, or if you run a business in a different manner, or if you could use your wit, exert your sense of humor in work and life to make the atmosphere lively or get rid of a dull or embarrassing moment. Thirdly, one must have the spirit of teamwork. People are getting more and more dependent on each other with the more complicated division of labor. Cooperation has become an important principle in social communication and work. When each individual is more than ever concerned about personal achievement, a rule to regulate each individual's behavior becomes necessary. When you respect the rule, you are showing respect for other members in the team and to some extent each individual's interests are protected. The spirit of teamwork guides everyone to respect the rule. Fourthly, one must possess physical and mental health. Constant physical training helps one look physically charming and energetic, vital and strong enough to cope with the high pressure and challenge of work. Without health, little could be achieved. Mental health on the other hand assumes the same importance. One should be optimistic, tolerant, confident, sympathetic to live happily and make others around him/her happy too. Last but not least, one should be hard-working. But the diligence mentioned here is a little different from the traditional one. One is not required to suffer or sacrifice so much. All success requires hard work. That is true for sure. But nowadays hard work and leisure are not so much contradictory as they used to be. To sum up, the above are what I think the qualifications for a good youth of today. Most young people try to be accepted by the society as qualified citizens. Their ability, flexibility, cooperation, health and diligence will qualify them to be good youth. [本题分数]： 20.0 分 【答案解析】 审题思路 本文要求针对当代好青年的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 陈述自己的观点。这类话题不需要从两个对立的观点中选一个来论述，但需要首先交代一下陈述的前提，根据题目要求，这一前提是人们认为现在的青年人没有他们的父辈刻苦和耐心了。因此首先第一段可提出了人的价值是随着时代的改变而改变的，所以对好青年的标准也随之发生变化。在接下来的段落中，从不同的角度提出标准。文章主体部分的要点结构层次清晰明了；在论述观点时，条理清晰，逻辑性强，这样的论证才能充分有力，让人信服。 八、General Knowledge（本大题10小题．每题1.0分，共10.0分。 There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. ） 第1题 The official residence of the ______ is at number 10 Downing Street, London. A. British Prime Minister B. British Prince C. British Queen D. British Duke 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查英国文化生活知识。伦敦唐宁街10号是英国首相的官邸。 第2题 The word "aconic" is ______. A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查词汇学知识。“aconic”一词可从语源学上解释。 第3题 In the idiom "in good feather", we change "good" into "high, full" without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as ______. A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查语言学知识。习语“in good feather”意为“精神焕发，兴高采烈”，将“good”改为“high，full”不会改变其意思，这一要素的变化称为“替换(replacement)”。 第4题 The most obvious and rapid change in the development of a language takes place in the area of A. pronunciation B. vocabulary C. grammar D. speech 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查语言学知识。语言中发展变化最明显和迅速的是词汇方面。 第5题 ______ describes in detail a communist society. A. Robin Hood B. Vanity Fair C. Utopia D. The Waste Land 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查英国文学作品知识。《乌托邦》(Utopia)是英国著名作家托马斯·莫尔的代表作，“乌托邦”是拉丁文，意思是不存在的地方。《乌托邦》详细描绘了一个理想的共产主义社会。 第6题 A ______is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people for diverse linguistic backgrounds. A lingua franca B register C creole D dialect 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查共同语概念。通用语(1ingua franca)是一种语言变体，是使用不同语言的人之间的交流语言。洋径浜语(pidgin)通常是由两种或两种以上不同的自然语言成分混杂而成的语言。洋径浜语与共同语(1ingua franca)都是具有不同母语背景的人进行交际的媒介，常局限于一定的交际目的，如做生意。但是洋径浜语不是任何人的母语，而通用语却可以是母语。当洋径浜语作为第一语言或母语被儿童习得，洋径浜语便成为克里奥尔语(creole)，语言的语域变体(register)是一种交际情景方言，以交际时说话者所用语体或文体的得体性为主要特征。 第7题 Francis Bacon is best known for his ______ which greatly influenced the development of this literary form. A poems B plays C novels D essays 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查英国文学史。弗兰西斯·培根(Francis Bacon，1561—1626)是英国哲学家兼散文家，在文艺复兴时期的巨人中被尊称为哲学史和科学史上划时代的人物。Of Studies(《论读书》)是他的一篇随笔，文字精炼，含义深邃。 第8题 ______is widely acclaimed "Founder of the American Drama". A Scott Fitzgerald B William Faulkner C Theodore Dreiser D Eugene O'Neil 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国文学史。Eugene O'Neil(尤金·奥尼尔)被誉为“美国戏剧之父”。他的第一部全剧 Beyond the Horizon(《天外边》)轰动一时并为他赢得了普利策奖。Scott Fitzgerald(司格特·菲兹杰拉德)被认为是早期爵士乐时代的文学代言人，他的巨著The Great Gatsby(《了不起的盖茨比》)使他成为杰出的美国小说家。William Faulkner(威廉·福克纳)的作品成功地表现了整个南方社会的历史意识。他最有影响的小说有四部：The Sound and the Fury(《喧嚣与骚动》)，Light in August (《八月之光》)，Absalom，Absalom！(《押沙龙，押沙龙！》)和Go Down，Moses(《去吧，摩西》)。Theodore Dreiser(西奥多·德莱塞)在第一部小说Sister Carrie(《嘉莉妹妹》)出版后，一直把美国的价值观推向彻底的物质享受主义。 第9题 New Zealand is situated about 1,500 km A north-west of Australia. B south-east of Australia. C north-east of Australia. D south west of Australia. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查新西兰地理位置。新西兰和澳大利亚同属于大洋洲，新西兰位于赤道南端西南太平洋，澳大利亚东南，距离澳大利业1，500公里左右，大小与英国或日本相近．主要由南岛和北岛组成。 第10题 Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between meanings and A senses. B sounds. C objects. D ideas. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查语言学基本概念。语言的任意性是指音与义之间没有逻辑联系。比如说，不同的语言使用不同的音指相同的事物。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com