2014年英语专业四级考前冲刺试题及答案解析(三)

英语专业四级考前冲刺试题及答案解析(三) 一、Writing (composition)（本大题1小题．每题15.0分，共15.0分。Write a composition of about 150-200 words on the following topic:） 第1题 We have been educated to be honest since childhood. But some people also say that we should not tell the truth all the time. What is your opinion? Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: We Should Not Always Tell the Truth You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 【正确答案】： [范文] We Should Not Always Tell the Truth It is most people's belief that "honesty is the best policy" in most situations. This is because once we become known for telling lies, we will lose others' trust, and the trust, once lost, is hard to regain. However, I believe that there are some situations in which it is better not to tell the truth. Sometimes truth brings unnecessary hurt. For example, if a man breaks up with his girlfriend and she says terrible things behind about him, there is no point in telling the mars what she has said at all. Under this circumstance, telling the truth can do nothing but hurt the man. Similarly, if a plump lady is buying a coat which she obviously likes, and asks for your opinion, there is no need to remind her that she definitely looks no slimmer in it at all. I do not believe that we have the right to hurt others unnecessarily in the name of truth. In conclusion, we should think before we speak, even when it means deciding between the truth and a lie. We should balance the situation, especially when it is a matter of personal opinion. The truth should be told as much as possible; nevertheless I am convinced that telling a white lie is just as good when the situation calls for it. [审题] 从小，人们便教育我们要诚实，但也有人说我们没必要总说实话。对此写篇文章谈谈自己的看法，字数在200左右，同时给文章起个合适的标题。本作文可从正反两方面论证，但一定要用例证的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。 [思路] 第一段： 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 明你的观点，指出在一些情况下不应该说实话； 第二段：用合适的例子来证明你的观点； 实例一：对与女朋友分手的男性不说实话 实例二：对一位丰满的女性买的不合适的衣服不讲实话 第三段：总结全文，重申我们应视情况而定说不说实话。 二、Writing(Note-Writing)（本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Write a note of about 50—60 words based on the following situation:） 第1题 Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50～60 words based on the following situation: You are Williams. You have had a class meeting about a picnic this Saturday. Your friend Polly was not present in the meeting, so please write a note to her, telling her what you have talked about in the meeting. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. 【正确答案】： [范文] May 28, 2008 Dear Polly, The monitor asked me to tell you, since you didn't attend the class meeting, that there would be a picnic by the West Lake this Saturday. There are lots of things to prepare and we have decided to share the work. You and I will take charge of making sandwiches and salad. Let's begin to do it soon. Yours, Williams [审题] 根据题目要求，10分钟内写出一个50-60字的便条。内容是：你是williams，因你的朋友Polly没参加班会，写便条告诉她你们在班会上讨论的内容。注意便条的相关格式。 [思路] 这是一个传达班会信息的便条，可以从三个方面去写：说明班会内容；交待与缺席者有关的信息；结束语(可以表示对此次活动的盼望，告知对方与班长等人联系，或者其他相关信息)。 三、Dictation（本大题1小题．每题15.0分，共15.0分。Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.） 第1题 【正确答案】： [听力原文] Einstein Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, /greater than only a few other men have achieved. /An American university president once commented/that Einstein had created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. / Maybe the average mind needs time to understand fully the identity of time and space / — but even ordinary men understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before./ By 1914 young Einstein had gained world fame. /He accepted the offer to become a professor in Berlin. /He had duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study, /but soon his peace and quiet life was broken by the First World War./ Einstein hated violence. /The misery of war affected him deeply, /and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. / He lost interest in his research. /Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work. [听写提示] 这篇听写文章第一段的句子较长，考生在听记时会觉得有些困难。对策是在第二遍朗读时，大致判断重点是什么，尽量将句子主干记下来，第三遍时添加其他成分或把没有写完整的单词补全，最后一遍时复查。容易听混或一时反应不上来的词可以根据给出的题目尽量联想，或者根据上下文猜想，如听时没有想到，在整理检查的两分钟内应迅速做出反应。 四、Listening Comprehension ( Conversation )（共10小题,共10.0分） In this section, you will hear several short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the conversations 第1题 Janet has eventually decided to go on a A fly-drive holiday. B car trip. C two-city holiday. D conducted tour. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] B: I'm longing to hear about this tour. Janet, you must be terribly excited. J: Oh, I am. I...I've never been to America before, so I'm really looking forward to it. I thought of going fly-drive. B: Fly-drive? J: Yes. You know, you...you can arrange for a car to be waiting for you at the airport when you arrive. You book everything this end including the plane tickets. B: Sounds simple enough. Axe you going to, then? J: Well, I'm a bit worried about driving on the other side of the road and having to, so I decided it would be better to go on a more organized holiday. B: What do you mean by "organized"? J: Well, everything is arranged by a tour operator. You know, you are taken around and shown where to go and what to do. I would probably miss half the sights otherwise. B: Mm, where are you going anyway? J: Orlando. It's in central Florida. B: Sounds OK. Are you going on your own? J: Yes, I don't mind that. There will be other people on the tour, I'm sure to make friends. You know, I like meeting new people. Here, Jet me show you the brochure. B: It looks pretty packed. Do you really have time to do all these things? J: Oh, yes. It's all planned. [解析] 题目问的是Janet最终选择哪种方式旅行，对话中提到“I decided it would be better to go on a more organized trip”，通过下文的解释可知，organized trip指的是所有事情都由导游安排的旅行，conducted tour表达的正是此意，故答案为[D]。 第2题 What is fly-drive? A To have a car wait at the arrival airport. B To rent a car that can be driven fast. C To have a car tour. D To visit many places in a short time. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 题干问题属于肯定表达，对话中往往以问句形式表现，所以问句后听到的便是答案。对话中问到：Fly-drive?这时要注意听下文“you can arrange for a car to be waiting for you at the airport when you arrive”，由此可知[A]为答案。 第3题 Which of the following statements is TRUE? A The speakers are going on a holiday. B The speakers are cousins. C The trip schedule is heavy. D The organized tour will leave out many sights. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 题干中的TRUE表明，与原文内容意思接近或相同的为答案。对话中提到：It looks pretty packed．从中可以推断行程是很紧的，故答案为[C]。整个对话中都在谈论Janet的旅游 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ，并没有提及男士也要去，故排除[A]；对话中也没有提到或暗示两个人有亲戚关系，故[B]错误。[D]与对话中的“I would probably miss half the sights otherwise”内容不一致，故排除此项。 第4题 From the conversation, we get the impression that Janet is A pragmatic. B outgoing. C willful. D calculating. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 由Janet的回答“There will be...I like meeting new people”可以判断，她是个很外向的人，故答案为[B]。 第5题 Howard is probably A an orchestra conductor. B a music fan. C a sales manager in a music company. D a background music composer. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] L: Hi, Howard. What are you working on? H: Hi, Lisa. I've just finished a piece of background music. L: Background music? Oh, like the music they're playing here now. H: Yes. You hear it everywhere — in restaurants, airports, supermarkets... L: In banks too. I noticed it while at the bank today. H: You're not supposed to notice it. It's just in the background. It's supposed to put you in the right mood. L: I'm not sure I like that idea. H: Well, it seems to work. Companies pay millions of dollars every year for background music. It's supposed to give you a better feeling about yourself and the people around you. Factories use it a lot. It makes the workers happy, and they work better that way. In one factory, music increased production 4.5 percent. L: Now that I think about it, I can't remember when there wasn't background music in restaurants and stores. H: Yeah, I know that hamburger places play fast music. When they started playing faster music, they found that a customer spent only seventeen minutes eating. The time was twenty-two minutes before that. L: So they have more people coming in and out to buy hamburgers. H: Exactly. And that's good for business. You can see why music has become so popular. In Los Angeles, for instance, thirty different companies are selling background music services. L: I still think there's something about it that I don't quite like. H: I know what you mean, but lots of people would not agree with you. [解析] 第6题到第8题的题干中都出现了background music，由此可推测Howard的职业是与 background music相关的，故[D]很可能是答案。对话中提到“I've just finished a piece of background music”，再结合此后他不断介绍背景音乐的好处可知，他这方面的知识也很丰富，由此可推断他是名背景音乐作曲家，故答案为[D]。 第6题 According to Howard, background music A can possibly give people better feelings. B increases production by 4.5 percent in factories. C is sometimes very boring for workers. D is always faster than any other music. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据常识可知，选项[C]和[D]很可能不是答案。又由对话中的“...give you a better feeling about yourself and the people around you”可知[A]为答案。 第7题 Hamburger places usually play fast background music because A they think that will make the attendants work faster. B they believe fast music can make people eat more. C it shortens eating time to allow more customers to come and go. D hamburgers will become more popular. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据对话中的“...seventeen minutes eating...twenty-two minutes before that”和“...more people coming in and out to buy hamburgers”可知答案为[C]。 第8题 The background music as mentioned in the conversation is A such music as is played in concerts. B the music that is played only in restaurants and stores. C the music that is played to promote production. D the music that is played in the background to put listeners in a particular mood. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据常识，可以直接排除[B]。又由“It's supposed to put you in the right mood”可知答案为 [D]。 第9题 What was Tom doing in February? A He was on a field trip. B He was vacationing in Florida. C He was studying most of the time. D He was vacationing at home. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] J: Hi, Tom! T: Judy. Haven't seen you in weeks. Where have you been? J: In Florida. T: What, going on holiday! While the rest of us are studying on the campus in February cold? J: Not exactly. I spent most of my time under water. T: I don't understand. J: I was on a special field trip. I went with my marine biology class. T: So you went diving. What were you looking for, sunken treasure? J: You might say so. The sea's full of treasures. All kinds of strange fascinating organisms. Our class concentrated on studying plankton. T: I thought planktons were too small to be seen. J: That's common misconception. The term plankton covers a wild variety of freely flowing plants and animals, from one-cell organisms to larger ones, such as the common jellyfish. T: Jellyfish may be large enough to be seen. But can you see the very tiny planktons? J: By concentrating, I was able to see the outlines of lots of different plankton plants and animals. T: That sounds like an interesting trip. But I think if I've been in Florida in February, I'd much rather spend my time just swimming and lying in the sun. [解析] 由对话中的“...While the rest of us are studying on the campus in February cold?”可以推断他一直在学习，故答案为[C]。 第10题 What kind of class went on the field trip? A Biology. B Photography. C Swimming. D Painting. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 题目问的是哪个专业的学生进行了野外旅行，对话中提到，“I was on a special field trip. I went with my marine biology class”，再结合下面的对话一直谈论的都是海洋生物可知，答案为[A]。 五、Listening Comprehension (News Broadcast)（共10小题,共10.0分）In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. 第1题 The fire caused ______ casualties. A two B thirty-four C thirty-six D forty-one 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Thirty-four patients died and two were injured early yesterday when a fire broke out in a psychiatric hospital in the town of Nonsan. A police spokesman told reporters there were 41 patients in the newly-constructed Seoul Neurological Hospital when the fire broke out around 2:00 a. m. local time. It is said that rescue efforts were hampered because of some of the doors were locked for the night and some of the patients were bound to their beds. Policemen, firefighters and volunteers managed to get the fire under control within 20 minutes. It is said that police were investigating the cause of the blazes. [解析] 做数字题时，考生应对听到的数字信息作简要的记录，并根据题干的要求辨清所听数字或通过简单加减乘除来得出答案。题干中的casualties指伤亡人数，由“Thirty-four patients died and two were injured”可知答案为[C]。 第2题 ______ together put out the fire. A Doctors, nurses and patients B Volunteers, policemen and firemen C Firemen, policemen and reporters D Firemen, policemen .and doctors 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据常识可知，灭火中肯定少不了Firemen的参与，故选项[A]很可能不是答案。又由文中的“Policemen, firefighters and volunteers managed...”可知答案为[B]。 第3题 The fire was brought under control A within 20 minutes. B within 30 minutes. C within 40 minutes. D within two hours. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 题目问的是火势在多长时间内得到控制，由“...get the fire under control within 20 minutes”可知答案为[A]。 第4题 Tangled fighting between the three races broke out A before Serbs voted on a peace plan. B after Serbs voted on a peace plan. C when Serbs voted on a peace plan. D as soon as Serbs voted on a peace plan. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Fighting flared yesterday in northern and southern Bosnia, pitting Serbs against Muslims and Muslims against Croats. Meanwhile, Bosnian Serbs voted on a peace plan they seem certain to reject. The defiance of Bosnian Serbs and the three-way fighting underlined the complexity of bringing peace to this rugged state. A brutal 13-month war had destroyed its elaborate ethnic quiet, stitched together by centuries of coexistence. The United States President had dismissed this weekend's Bosnian Serb referendum as a maneuver to buy time. He is expected to press reluctant Europeans for military action against Bosnia's Serbs if they do reject the apparently doomed Vance Owen plan. [解析] 题目问的是三个种族发生混战时，塞尔维亚人就一项和平计划进行投票发生的时间。新闻中首先提到昨天又展开了激战，接着提到“Meanwhile, Bosnian Serbs...certain to reject”，由此可见，两件事是同时发生的，故答案为[C]。 第5题 Why did the United States President dismiss the Bosnian Serb referendum? A To delay the military action. B To reject the Vance Owen plan. C To destroy its elaborate ethnic quiet. D To press reluctant Europeans for military action. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 题目问的是美国总统为什么取消本周末塞尔维亚的公民投票。新闻中提到了“The United States... as a maneuver to buy time”，其中buy time意思是“为某事争取时间”，由此可知答案为[A]。 第6题 The percentage of the annual decrease in infant mortality rate since 1990 is A 6.5. B 5.85. C 5. D 19. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] The infant mortality rate in China has declined notably since the beginning of the 1990s, according to China's new white paper on children's conditions. The average decrease in infant mortality in the country is 6. 5 percent a year since 1990. The mortality rate of children under five years old has been tailing off by 5.85 percent annually, the white paper says. The white paper, entitled "The Situation of children in China" and issued by the Information Office of the State Council says that so far, no other country in the world with an annual per capita income approximate to China's has attained such rapid decreases. [解析] 做数字题时，考生应该对听到的数字信息作简要记录，并根据题干的要求辨清所听数字。由“...is 6.5 percent a year since 1990”以及no other country...has attained such rapid decreases可知[A]为答案。 第7题 ______ progress has been made in cutting down the mortality rate in China. A Rapid B Slow C Little D Negative 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 题目问的是在中国降低死亡率取得了怎样的进步，由“...declined notably since the beginning of the 1990s”可知答案为[A]。 第8题   According to the news, ice from Greenland gives information about A oxygen. B ancient weather. C carbon dioxide. D temperature. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  Scientists say they can tell what air and sea conditions were like hundreds of thousands of years ago. They say pieces of ice taken from Greenland provide such information. Scientists took the ice from more than 1.5 miles deep in huge masses of ice that float on the sea. The ice represents 25,000 years of history. It provides one of the clearest records of ancient weather. European and American scientific teams have been studying ice from the same area to confirm each other's findings. They measured the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the ice for the temperature. From these measurements, the scientific teams say that the past 10,000 years is the only period during which temperature has not changed very much. [解析] 根据第25题的题干和选项，可推测本题的答案与weather或temperature有关，故将答案锁定在 [B]和[D]之间。再由新闻中提到的It provides one of the clearest records of ancient weather可知答案为[B]。 第9题 Why are there two teams to study the same ice? A Because they belong to different countries. B Because they compete against each other. C Because they want to confirm their findings. D Because there are too many ices for only one team. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [A]和[B]的意思相近，故这两个都可能不是答案。由European and American scientific teams...from the same area to confirm each other's findings可知答案为[C]。 第10题 It can be inferred from the measurements that 20,000 years ago, A The weather must have been warmer. B The weather must have been colder. C The weather had remained almost the same. D The weather had changed a lot. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据常识，从两万年前到现在气候不会保持不变，故[C]很可能不是答案。再由...the past 10,000 years is the only period during which temperature has not changed very much可推断一万年前的气候总在变化之中，故答案为[D]。 六、Cloze（共20小题,共20.0分）Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two. 第1题 In America, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care (1) their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who (2) with their parents (3) 65% to 70%. in Thailand, too, children are expected to look after their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live (4) . What explains these differences in living arrangements across cultures? Modernization theory (5) the extended family to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. (6) with modernization, children move to urban areas, (7) old people after in (8) rural areas. Yet modernization theory can't 'explain why such households were never common in America or England, or why families in fully modernized Italy ( 9) a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain (10) living arrangements. Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance (11) . In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance overtakes. (12) this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then (13) their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, (14) broader social changes brought (15) by industrialization and urbanization, have (16) the usage. In 1960 about 80% of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60% (17) — a figure that is still high (18) American standards, but which has been (19) steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are (20) : the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77% in 1984 to 50% just 10 years later. A about B after C for D over 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据上下文的意思，可推测本句的意思为：但是在很多其他文化中，子女有责任赡养年老的父母，故[C]for为答案，care for意为“照顾、照料、抚养”。第34题的空前出现的词组look after与care for近义，对填此空起到一定的提示作用。虽然care也可以与选项[A]about搭配，意为“关心，惦念”，但与上下文意思不符，故排除。 第2题 A reside B recite C redeem D rebel 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据第31题的分析可知，本句意为：在意大利的一些地方，成年子女和他们的父母住在一起的比例达到了65%甚至70%。下文多次出现的live with，为本空所填词的近义复现，故[A]reside“住，居住”为答案。 第3题 A amasses B amounts C attains D reaches 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据第32题的分析，符合上下文语境的只有[D]reaches。[B]amounts为强干扰项，意为“总计，总计达”时，后面必须加to，故排除。 第4题 A allegedly B alone C already D aloud 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 由children...their elderly parents可知，下句应该谈的是在泰国很少有老年人独居，故选[B] alone。 第5题 A associated B linked C united D combined 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 由空后的介词to可知，所填的词应和to搭配，故选[B]linked。link to意为“连接，将…与…相连”，本句意为：“现代化理论”将大家族住在一起的居住方式与经济落后联系在一起。而[A]associated“将…联系起来”为强干扰项，一般和with连用，故排除。 第6题 A Therefore B But C Although D Given 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 分析上下文可知，空格所在句与前一句之间存在着转折关系，故[B]But为答案。 第7题 A leave B left C leaving D to leave 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 分析句子结构可知，本句已存在谓语动词move，故排除[A]leave。结合选项可知，所填词的动词原形是leave，它与其逻辑主语children之间存在主动关系，所以所填词应是leave的现在分词形式，故 [C]leaving为答案。[D]to leave不符合本句语法要求，故排除。 第8题 A isolated B lonely C ideal D secluded 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据第37题的题解可知，此处谈的是把老人们留在了孤立偏僻的地区，故[A]isolated为答案。[D]secluded“退隐的，隐居的”为强干扰项，其侧重“有意使自己与他人隔离”的意思，故排除。 第9题 A maintain B promote C conserve D support 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据上下文的意思，可知本句意为；但是“现代化理论”却无法解释，为什么几代同堂的居住方式从来没有在美国或英国普遍存在，或者已经完全现代化的意大利，仍然保留着几代人住在一起的传统，故[A]maintain为答案。[C]conserve为强干扰项，虽然与maintain同义，但它强调的是“谨慎合理地使用现有的珍贵东西，含有一旦用完就难再补充之意”，故排除。 第10题 A international B intergenerational C intercontinental D interactive 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 上下句中出现的intergenerational为此空所填词的原词复现，故[B]intergenerational为答案。 第11题 A models B patterns C modules D patches 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据上下文的意思可知，本句意为：另一个理论将两代间的生活方式安排与遗产联系在一起，故[B]patterns“方式，模式”为答案。下句中也提到了pattern，为此空所填词的原词复现，对填此空起到了很强的提示作用。 第12题 A At B Under C By D Over 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] under a(this) system为固定搭配，意为“在一种(这样的) 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 下”，故[B]Under为答案。 第13题 A delivers B conveys C conceives D inherits 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据上下文的意思可知，本句意为：在这样的制度下，父母和其中的一个已婚子女居住在一起(一般是他们的长子)，等他们去世之后，长子继承财产，故选[D]inherits“继承(遗产等)”。上两句话中出现了两次inheritance，与inherit为同根词，对选择答案起到一定的提示作用。 第14题 A as well as B might as well C as well D as though 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个连词，连接并列的主语，故[A]as well as“以及”为答案。 [C]as well为强干扰项，但它为副词，一般位于句子的末尾．故排除。 第15题 A off B up C around D about 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据第44题的分析，可知空格所在短语意为：由工业化和城市化带来的显著社会变化，故 [D]about为答案，bring about意为“带来”。而其他三个选项虽都可以与bring搭配，但与上下文意思不符，故排除。 第16题 A undermined B decreased C diminished D defeated 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 由上文可知，本句意为：但是继承法的改变，以及由工业化和城市化带来的显著社会变化，已经削弱了这种传统，故[A]undermined“削弱”为答案。 第17题 A lived B did C made D had 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 分析句子结构可知，此句是个省略句，谓语部分承接上句，应该用助动词did来代替，而不用实义动词，故[B]did为答案。 第18题 A by B on C with D in 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] by...standards为惯用搭配，意为“按照…的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ”，故[A]by为答案。 第19题 A inclining B reclining C declining D reducing 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据上下文的意思可知，本句意为：在1960年，百分之八十的年龄在六十五岁以上的日本人与他们的子女住在一起，但截至到1990年，却下降到百分之六十，如果按照美国的标准这个数字还是挺高的，但是已经稳步减少了。末句中出现的declined，为此空所填词的原词复现，故[C]declining“下降，减少”为答案。[D]reducing为强干扰项，虽与decline同义，但因是及物动词，后应接宾语，故排除。 第20题 A receding B removing C invading D eroding 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 由下文“the percentage of...just 10 years later”可知，这里所谈的是韩国传统生活方式的安排也正遭受侵蚀，故[D]eroding“侵蚀，腐蚀”为答案。 七、Grammar and Vocabulary（本大题30小题．每题1.0分，共30.0分。There are several sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two. ） 第1题 The owner and editor of the newspaper ______ the conference. A were attending B were to attend C is to attend D are to attend 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本题考查主谓一致。由and连接两个并列成分表示同一人或事物时，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。在本题的题干中，the owner和editor of the newspaper指的是同一个人，即一人兼两职，并非两个人，因而谓语用单数，由此可知答案为[C]。如果是指两个人，则为：the owner and the editor。 第2题 "You know so much about literature. It's a pity you failed your degree," Harry said, "You ______ a good teacher." A would have been B can have been C must be D should have been 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 题干中的failed your degree是表示过去发生的行为，该句暗含这样一层意义：If you hadn't failed your degree you would have been a good teacher．[B]中形式不对，[C]不符合题意，[D]的主语应该是第一人称，而题干中主语是you，故答案为[A]。 第3题 Whether you live to eat or eat to live, food is a major ______ in every family's budget. A nutrition B expenditure C routine D provision 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [B]expenditure意为“支出，花费”，符合题意，故为答案。而其他选项不符合题意：[A] nutrition意为“营养，营养物”；[C]routine意为“例行公事，常规”；[D]provision意为“供应，(一批)供应品，预备”。 第4题 These people once had fame and fortune; now ______ is left to them is utter poverty. A all that B all what C all which D that all 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本题考查定语从句。分析题干可知，分号前后两个句子意思形成对比。[D]不符合逻辑，故排除。分号后的句子是一个带有定语从句的复合句。在定语从句中，如果先行词是不定代词，只能用that而不能用which来引导从句。all是不定代词，故答案为[A]。 第5题 E-mail is a convenient, highly democratic informal medium for conveying messages that ______ well to human needs. A adheres B reflects C conforms D satisfies 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [C]conforms (to)意为“(使)符合，(使)一致”，符合题意，故为答案。而[A]adheres (to)意为“坚持，遵循”；[B]reflects意为“反映”；[D]satisfies意为“满足”都与题意不符，故排除。 第6题 Although the colonists ______ to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians' influence on American culture and language was not extensive. A migrated B matched C mingled D melted 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [C]mingled意为“使混合，溶入”，通常和with或in捂配，符合题意，故为答案。而其他选项不符合题意：[A]migrated意为“定期移徙，移居，迁移”；[B]matched意为“与…相匹配”；[D]melted意为“(使)溶化，(使)融化”。 第7题 Switzerland is ______ a place to indulge in all your favorite winter sports; it's also a marvelous spot to relax. A rather than B more than C less than D other than 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [A]rather than意为“而不是”；[B]more than意为“不仅仅”；[C]less than意为“根本不”；[D]other than意为“除…之外”。由后一句子中的also可知答案为[B]。 第8题 Reading ______ the lines, I would say that the Government are more worried than they will admit. A behind B between C along D among 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] read between the lines是固定搭配，意为“找出或发觉字里行间的言外之意”，故答案为[B] between。 第9题 Returning to the hotel, ______ A my watch was missing. B I found my watch missed C I found my watch missing D my watch was missed 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应和主句的主语保持一致。因此returning to the hotel的逻辑主语是I，从而排除[A]和[D]。答案应为[C]，missing是个形容词，意为“不见了，找不到了”。 第10题 The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state A pensions B earnings C salaries D donations 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据题干主语The elderly Russians，可确定他们是以pension(政府养老金)为生了，故答案为 [A]。而其他选项不符合题意：[B]earnings意为“工资，收入”；[C]salaries意为“薪水”；[D]donations意为“捐赠，捐款”。 第11题 We'll ______ you for any damage done to your house while we are in it. A remedy B compensate C supplement D retrieve 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [B]compensate意为“补偿，酬报”，其惯用搭配是compensate sb．for damage/losses，由题干中的for any damage可知[B]为答案。而其他选项不符合题意：[A]remedy意为“治疗，补救”；[C] supplement意为“补充(数量之不足)”；[D]retrieve意为“收回，纠正，挽回(损失)”，其惯用搭配是：retrieve one's losses。 第12题 Mr. Smith became very ______ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake. A ingenious B empirical C objective D indignant 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [D]indignant意为“愤慨的，愤愤不平的”，符合题意，故为答案。而其他选项不符合题意： [A]ingenious意为“心灵手巧的，有创造性的”；[B]empirical意为“以实验为根据的，非理论的”；[C] objective意为“客观的，公正的(与subjective相对)”。 第13题 If you ______ change your mind, please let us know. A shall B should C will D would 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 在与将来事实相反的条件句中，其条件从句的谓语用should+动词原形。这种形式强调一种有偶然实现的可能性。另外两种表示对将来可能出现的情况的假设：由动词过去式和由“were to+动词原形”构咸，由此可知答案为[B]should。 第14题 Dogs are often praised for their ______; they almost never abandon their masters. A faith B loyalty C trust D truthfulness 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [C]trust意为“信任，信心”，强调确实可靠，符合题意，故为答案。而[A]faith意为“信仰，信念”，强调根深蒂固的信心，尤适用于宗教；[B]loyalty意为“忠实，忠心耿耿”，暗示对某人忠实，不背叛某人之意；[D]truthfulness意为“诚实，讲真话”，强调真实性。 第15题 Nancy was surprised that they have ______. They seemed to be a happy couple. A split up B broken down C fallen through D knocked out 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [A]split up意为“分裂，离婚”，符合题意，故为答案。而其他选项不符合题意：[B]broken down意为“(机器等)坏了，(身体)垮了”；[C]fallen through意为“失败；成为泡影”；[D]knocked out意为“敲空，击倒，打昏”。 第16题 One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great ______ to educate their children. A pains B endeavors C efforts D attempts 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 四个选项都有“努力”之意，由于题干中动词为take，能与之搭配的名词只有pains，take pains to do sth．为固定搭配，意为“尽力，煞费苦心做某事”，故答案为[A]。而其他三个选项只可与make连用，故排除。 第17题 She was teaching me ______ you would teach a younger child to speak the language. A the way B in the way C away D to the way 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [A]the way后可接方式状语从句，意为“以…方式”，故为答案。而[B]in the way意为“妨碍(某人)”，[C]a way和[D]to the way为非固定搭配，故排除。 第18题 I think we need to see an investment ______ before we make an expensive mistake. A guide B entrepreneur C consultant D evaluator 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [C]consultant意为“专家，顾问”，investment consultant意为“投资顾问”，符合题意，故为答案。而其他选项不符合题意：[A]guide意为“导游，向导”；[B]entrepreneur意为“企业家”；[D]evaluator意为“评估者，评价者”。 第19题 We left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point in staying. A were B being C to be D having 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本题考查存在句的非限定形式以及there is no point in doing sth．句式。there is no point in doing sth．是固定句式，意为“做某事没有用或没有意义”，由此排除[D]。在本题的题干中，该句式还充当原因状语，因而应采用它的非限定形式，即在空格处填入being，故答案为[B]。 第20题 Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course. A he was knowing B he is knowing C having a knowledge of D knows 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] know是静态动词，不能用于进行时，所以排除[A]和[B]。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加不定冠词a，常用于词组have a knowledge of中，所以[C]为答案。 第21题 Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone ______ them. A discovered B will discover C would have discovered D discovers 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本题考查时态。根据题意，动作发生在将来，而不是在过去，故排除[A]，也不是表达一种与过去相反的事实，故排除[C]。题干中包含一个时间状语从句。在时间状语从句中，从句可用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情，故答案为[D]。 第22题 Lover of towns ______ I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life. A because B since C although D as 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 由题干中的Lover of towns和owe a debt...life可以判断此处应选一个表示转折意义的连词，从而排除[A]。又由于前半句中用了倒装形式，由此可知答案为[D]。 第23题 The synthetic vitamins are identical ______ those naturally present in our food. A for B of C as D with 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据题干可判断，所填词应与identical“同样的”构成合理搭配。[D]with通常接在identical之后，形成固定搭配，表示“与…一样”，正符合题意，故为答案。其他三个选项均不能与identical搭配。 第24题 ______ often I try, I cannot find the answer. A Although B Whatever C As D However 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据题干，前后分句之间存在着让步关系，并且所填词要修饰often，只有[D]However符合题意，因此为答案。 第25题 The Second World War, ______ the earlier one of 1914, prompted public concern about the physical and intellectual well-being of the country's human resources. A so as B as were C as did D same as 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本题考查as的用法。表示“与…一样”时，so与as通常组成so...as...，用于否定句，而题干为肯定句，故排除[A]。same as前面需有the，故排除[D]。as引导非限制性定语从句时，as可以提前，形成倒装，后接动词与主句动词相对应，由于主句动词为实义动词prompted，因此，此处应使用助动词do而非系动词were，故答案为[C]。 第26题 When you put up wallpaper, should you ______ the edges or put them next to each other? A coincide B extend C overlap D collide 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [C]overlap意为“部分重叠，交搭”，符合题意，故为答案。而其他选项不符合题意：[A] coincide (with)意为“同时发生，(意见、见解等)一致”；[B]extend意为“(空间，时间)延伸，延续”；[D] collide(with)意为“相撞；冲突”。 第27题 The old farmer was run down by a car. He was taken to the hospital and ______ on by the chief surgeon right now. A operated B having been operated C is operated D is being operated 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据题干中的第二句可以判断此句应该用被动语态，从而排除[A]和[B]。再由题干最后的时间状语right now可以判断时态是现在进行时，故答案为[D]。 第28题 The old building is in a good state of ______ except for the wooden floors. A observation B preservation C conservation D compensation 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [B]preservation和[C]conservation都有“保存”之意，而[A]和[D]无此含义。名词 preservation和conservation分别由动词preserve和conserve而来。conserve侧重谨慎合理地使用现有的珍贵东西，含有一旦用完很难再补充之意；而preserve侧重指保存珍贵的东西原样不变，有时甚至根本不使用它，与题意相符，故[B]为答案。 第29题 The police are trying to find out the ______ of the woman killed in the traffic accident. A evidence B recognition C status D identity 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] [D]identity意为“身份”，符合题意，故为答案。而其他选项不符合题意：[A]evidence意为“证据，证明”；[B]recognition意为“认出，识别”；[C]status意为“地位”。 第30题 Why shouldn't we use the garden, ______? A. weather permitting B. weather permitted C. weather permits D. weather having been permitted 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [精解] 题型：语法题。此题考查独立结构作状语的用法。 八、Reading Comprehension (Comprehension)（共20小题,共20.0分）In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two. 第1题 The human species came into being at the time of the greatest biological diversity in the history of the Earth. Today, as human populations expand and alter the natural environment, they are reducing biological diversity to its lowest level. The ultimate consequences of this biological reduction are beyond calculation, but they are certain to be harmful. That, in essence, is the biodiversity crisis. The history of global diversity can be summarized as follows: after the initial flowering of multi-cellular animals, there was a swift rise in the number of species in early Paleozoic times (between 600 and 430 million years ago), then plate-alike stagnation for the remaining 200 million years of the Paleozoic era, and finally a slow but steady climb through the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras to diversity's all-time high. This history suggests that biological diversity was hard won and a long time in coming. Furthermore, this pattern of increase was set back by five massive extinction episodes. The most recent of these, during the Cretaceous period, is by far the most famous, because it ended the age of the dinosaurs, giving hegemony to the mammals, thus ultimately making possible the dominance of the human species over the Earth. But the Cretaceous crisis was minor compared with the Permian extinctions 240 million years ago, during which between 77 and 96 percent of marine animal species perished. It took five million years, well into Mesozoic times, for species diversity to begin a significant recovery. Within the past 10,000 years biological diversity has entered a wholly new era. Human activity has had a devastating effect on species diversity, and the rate of human-induced extinctions is accelerating. Half of the bird species of Polynesia have been eliminated through hunting and the destruction of native forests. The list of such biogeographic disasters is extensive. Because every species is unique and irreplaceable, the loss of biodiversity is the most profound process of environmental change. Its consequences are also the least predictable because the value of the Earth's species remains largely unstudied and unappreciated; unlike material and cultural wealth, which we understand because they are the substance of our everyday lives, biological wealth is usually taken for granted. This is a serious strategic error, one that will be increasingly regretted as time passes. Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? A The reduction in biodiversity represents a setback both for science and for society as a whole. B The material and cultural wealth Of a nation are insignificant when compared with the country's biological wealth. C The human species is in the process of initiating an unprecedented massive extinction episode. D The current decline in species diversity has potentially grave consequences for the human species. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 主旨处设题 [解析] 第一段的第三、四句是本文的主旨句，即这种生物种类减少的最终后果是难以计算的，但是它们确实是有害的。就其本质而言，这就是一场生物多样性的危机。接着又谈到了物种发展的历史和人类对于物种多样性的破坏，最后谈到物种减少的结果难以预测。由此可知答案为[D]，而其他三个选项文中并未提到。 第2题 What is true about the Cretaceous crisis according to the author? A It was the most famous devastating extinction episode in history. B It is the most devastating extinction episode up until now. C It was less devastating to species diversity than is the current biodiversity crisis. D The dinosaurs comprised the great majority of species that perished during the crisis. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 事实处设题 [解析] 定位于第二段倒数第二句“但是白垩纪的灾难与2.4亿年前二叠纪的灭亡不可相提并论，在此期间，约有77%至96%的动物物种濒临灭亡”，从而排除[B]，再根据倒数第三句“发生在白垩纪的大灭绝是五次大灭绝中最有名的一次，它结束了恐龙时代，将霸权地位让给了哺乳动物，因此最终使人类主宰地球成为可能”，由此可排除[D]，确定答案为[A]。而[C]文中并未提到。 第3题 All of the following are explicitly mentioned in the passage as a factor that contributes to the extinction of species EXCEPT A hunting. B pollution. C deforestation. D the growth of human populations. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 事实处设题 [解析] 由第三段第三句可排除[A]和[C]；而根据第一段第二句可排除[D]，因此答案为[B]。 第4题 The consequences from the loss of biodiversity are difficult to predict because A we haven't fully studied and understood the value of the Earth's species. B there have been so many disasters that we don't know the extent of each. C environmental changes usually take place over a long period of time. D no one really knows what the original state of affairs was on the Earth. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 因果处设题 [解析] 定位于文章最后一段第二句“它(生物多样性的减少)的后果也是最难预测的，这是因为地球物种的价值在很大程度上都没有被研究过…”，由此可知答案为[A]。 第5题 What is said about material and cultural wealth in the passage? A Because we can readily assess their value, we tend to take them for granted. B Some of them may have to be sacrificed if we are to protect our biological heritage. C They are of less value than biological wealth because they have evolved over a shorter period of time. D Their value is more visible and easier to access and appreciate than biological wealth. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 推断处设题 [解析] 最后一段第二句的后半部分提到，不像我们理解的物质财富和文化财富，是因为它们是我们日常生活中的必需品，而我们想当然的认为生物物种的财富也是这样。这句话的隐含义是讲，生物物种的财富不像物质财富和文化财富那样容易接触到，再根据第84题的题解可知答案为[D]。 第6题 Suicide, the number-two killer of college student, claims the lives of approximately 5,000 college-age people each year. That number, experts say is a minimum estimate since many suicides reported as accidents. Over the past thirty years, the incidence of suicides among college-age individuals has risen 284 percent. This dramatic increase is explained in numerous ways by experts from different domains. Although there is typically no single reason for a suicide, authorities have compiled several reasons why a college student may attempt it. First, scholastic anxiety may contribute to a student's dissatisfaction with life. Parental and peer pressure for scholastic achievement may become an unreasonable burden. Since competition for grades and academic achievement is becoming fiercer on today's campuses, the student who is worried or anxious about grades may become extremely distraught and depressed. Second, students face high unemployment rates. Economic hardship is often a hallmark of suicide. Third, a stressful social life can make a college student feel rejected, abandoned and dissatisfied. Individuals who have problems adjusting to social life in college are frequently considered likely candidates for attempting suicide since they lack companionship and thus may feel as though no one cares about them. There is an encouraging note in the bleak picture. A high percent of suicidal individuals — 80% — indicate their intention. An actual suicide such as "You'd better off without me" and "Life has lost all meaning" fall into this category. Another possible indication is the situational hint, such as a person's poor health, economic distress, breakups of relationships, and family problems. A fourth possible indication is the emotional hint, which involves changes in behavior and levels of energy. The suicide of at least 5,000 higher education students per year is a devastating loss — to family and friends, to the college, and to the community. Since early detection and treatment of depression are the greatest deterrents to suicide, educators and colleges may be in unique positions to help prevent these losses. Studies report that establishing crisis intervention centers on campuses is highly effective step. Two major components are necessary before these centers can be completely functional. The first is a twenty-four hour telephone answering service. Personnel answering the phone can be professionals. A second component is the presence of professional counselors. Students who contemplate or attempt suicide need professional guidance. Typically, campus crisis centers perform three functions. First, they educate and inform the community about suicide. If other students and professors are taught to recognize symptoms of a suicidal individual, then early detection and intervention may be possible before an individual even attempts suicide. Second, the centers provide counseling for victims who have attempted suicide. Since statistics show that four of five people who commit suicide tried it at least once before, this intervention is of the outmost importance. The third functions of a crisis intervention center on a campus is to counsel individuals who were friends, roommates, and relatives of the victims. The college's roll in early detection and intervention for its troubled students may be relatively simple, requiring only minimum facilities and personnel, and institutional awareness and concern. The article is primarily about A treatment of suicidal tendencies. B causes of college students suicide. C the problem and prevention of college student suicide. D functions and characteristics of crisis centers. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 主旨处设题 [解析] 本文主要讲了在大学生中排在第二位的杀手是自杀，随后分析了其中的原因，并提出一些预防自杀的措施。而[A]、[B]和[D]都只是涉及到其中一方面，因此答案为[C]。 第7题 To be functional, a crisis center must A be centrally located and open all night.. B offer educational programs. C use peers as counselors as well as have professional available. D be accessible 24 hours a day and offer professional guidance. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 列举处设题 [解析] 定位于文章第九段，其段意是：为了使校园自杀干预中心完全有效地起作用，要考虑两个问题。第一是24小时的电话应答服务；第二是专业人员的现场解答。[D]全面概括了以上两点，因此为答案。 第8题 One of the major causes of student suicide is A poor health. B lack of goals. C economic hardship. D college professor's expectations. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 因果处设题 [解析] 定位于文章第五段“学生们面临着较高的失业率，经济困境经常是他们自杀的一个原因”，因此答案为[C]。 第9题 The term "domains" in paragraph 2 refers to A regions. B types of colleges. C areas of expertise. D geographical locations. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 词义处设题 [解析] 要根据上下语境来理解此词的含义。[A]regions和[D]geographical locations意思相近，所以排除；而文中第二段第二句提到，学生的自杀率剧增，来自不同“domains”的专家解释了其中的原因，由此可以推断此处“domains”意为“领域”，而[C]areas of expertise意为“专门知识的领域”，因此为答案。 第10题 Which of the following statements best expresses the author's attitude about suicide among college students? A It is completely preventable. B It is to a large degree preventable. C A college's role in detection of it should be minimal. D A college's role in prevention of it will require a vast commitment of resources. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 观点处设题 [解析] 文章最后两段提到：早期发现和及时治疗是防止自杀的重要手段，在校园内建立自杀干预中心是极其有效的，通过学校、家庭、朋友、亲戚和专家的帮助，自杀的现象自然会大大减少，因此答案为[B]。 第11题 In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah, Winfrey show. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society's moral catastrophe, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of other people's lives. Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors. Compared with Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends ever with a "final word". He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main target audiences are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18-to 20-year olds whose main troubles in life involve love relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk Show world. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows are A more family-oriented. B relatively formal. C more profound. D unusually popular. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 比较处设题 [解析] 定位于第一段第三句“没有比Springer和Winfrey”所做的电视谈话节目内容截然相反，又同时更引人注目的了，由此可知答案为[D]。 第12题 Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience A remain indifferent to them. B remain fascinated by them. C are willing to get involved in them. D are ready to face up to them. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 转折处设题 [解析] 定位于第二段最后一句“显然，他的节目在于揭示和探讨社会道德的沦丧，尽管如此，人们还是对别人生活中的不幸非常感兴趣”，其中eat up意为“极热情地接受”，换句话讲就是他的节目受到了人们的欢迎，因此答案为[B]。 第13题 Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show? A Street violence. B A new type of robot. C Racist hatred. D Family budget planning. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 事实处设题 [解析] 文章第三段第二、三句提到，这个电视谈话节目着重关注社会的进步和个人生活质量的提高；所谈论的话题涉及到从教育孩子负有责任感，安排好自己每周的工作，到逐步了解你的邻居等各个方面，由此可知答案为[D]。 第14题 Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both A cynical. B sensitive. C instructive. D ironical. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 推断处设题 [解析] 第四段提到，Springer在每个节目的最后，都要总结一下这个节目的教益，在此部分内容中，人们可以学到有价值的东西；而根据第93题的题解可知Winfrey的节目同样也是有教育意义的，因此答案为[C]。 第15题 We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows A are targeted at different audiences. B appear at different times of the day. C have monopolized the talk show circuit. D exploit the weaknesses in human nature. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 事实处设题 [解析] 根据文章第五、六段可知，Oprah show主要是针对美国中层阶级的，而Springer show主要是针对年轻人的，因此答案为[A]。而其他三个选项文中并未提到，不是答案。 第16题 Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners (从业者). "With virtual reality we'll be able to put a Surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier. Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient's brain taken before surgery. During these procedures — operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered — surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine." According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine A will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield. B can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield. C will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield. D can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 引言处设题 [解析] 第二段中，Satava提到有了virtual reality，就能够put a surgeon in every trench(把外科医生派到每道战壕里)，并且他设想伤员们可以被安置在mobile surgical units equipped with computers(配备了计算机的流动外科医疗队)里，结合这两点可推知，Satava认为虚拟现实技术在医学领域的应用将极大地改善战场上的医疗条件，因此答案为[C]。[A]与虚拟技术应用的情况恰恰相反。physically present意为“本人亲自到…”；[B]和[D]在文中未提及，不是答案。 第17题 Richard Satava has visions of A using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas. B wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield. C wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons. D setting up mobile surgical units overseas. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 观点处设题 [解析] 第二段中Satava设想将海外战场中的伤员放置在配备了电脑的流动外科医疗室里接受治疗；第三段则详述了诊治过程。由fighting overseas, transmit images...back in the U. S. ，guide robotic instruments in the battlefield...等可知，Satava在设想利用远程控制技术给海外的伤员治疗，因此答案为[A]。 [B]错在doctors...on the battlefield，根据原文可知带着虚拟现实头盔的医生并不需要亲临战场。由文中的 guide robotic instruments...that operate on the soldier可知进行手术的是自动器械，而不是经过特殊训练的外科医生，故[C]不是答案。此外，文中提到了mobile surgical units，但没有提到其“组建”问题，因此[D]不是答案。 第18题 How is virtual reality surgery performed? A It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device. B Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer. C Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them; D A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 定语从句处设题 [解析] 由第四段提到的they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery可知，医生实际是通过计算机来操纵与计算机另一端相连的自动器械，[C]与此相符，故为答案。[A]与原文不符，故排除；戴虚拟现实头盔是为了观察伤口，而不是接收反馈回来的信息，故[B]不是答案；3-D图像的功能是为医生提供更清晰的手术区域的图像；而不是记录手术过程，因此[D]不是答案。 第19题 During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because A he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen. B the cuts can be examined from different angles. C the cuts have been highly magnified'. D he is wearing 3-D glasses. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 因果处设题 [解析] 第六段段首的these procedures指的就是virtual reality operations。由其后的surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view可知，因为戴了3-D眼镜，医生们才能更好地观察手术切口，故答案为[D]。 第20题 Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they A cause less pain to the wounded. B allow the patient to recover more quickly. C will make human surgeons' work less tedious. D are done by robot surgeons with greater precision. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [设题处] 因果处设题 [解析] 第六段末句中的they指的就是virtual reality operations。由they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can可知答案为[D]。选项中的greater precision对应文中的more accurately。 九、Listening Comprehension （Passages）（共10小题,共10.0分）In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow. 第1题 Why are divorces so common at present? A Because it is difficult to maintain a marriage. B Because people like watching TV programs. C Because people prefer joy to self-discipline. D Because our society is permissive towards divorces. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. It isn't easy; marriage bas always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes, the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and thrown die family into disorder. But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party. Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one's fantasies, some of one's legitimate desires, have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. "While all martial partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the martial ties into confining chains or supporting bonds," says Dr. Walter. Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow them to stop growing or changing. [解析] [B]只说明了一种社会现象，与题干几乎没有关系，故很可能不是答案。再由原文中的“... people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy...a good party”可知[C]为答案，而[A]与题干没有必然的因果关系。 第2题 How to maintain a good marriage? A The couple should follow every of their own impulse respectively. B The couple should make a compromise sometimes when disagreements occur. C The couple should both endure dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul. D The couple should stop growing or changing. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据常识，可以直接排除[D]。再由原文中提到的“Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice... but some level of compromise.”可知答案为[B]。 第3题 What is this passage mainly about? A The necessity of protecting sharks. B The living environment of sharks. C The dangers of sharks to human beings. D An introduction to sharks. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Scientists say sharks have lived in the world's oceans for millions of years. Scientists say there are more than 350 different kinds of sharks. Sharks do not have bones, and a shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find. small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. Sharks also sense electrical and magnetic power linked to nerves and muscles of living animals. These powerful senses help them find their fond. Some sharks will eat just about anything. Many unusual things have been found in the stomachs of some large sharks. They include shoes, dogs, a cow's foot and metal protective clothing. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to live young. Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies like humans do. Scientists are beginning to understand the importance of sharks to humans. Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense system against disease. They know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. Sharks appear never to suffer infections, cancer or heart diseases. [解析] 原文围绕着鲨鱼(sharks)的生活习性展开，依次说明了它的身体特征，捕食方法，繁殖方式和对疾病的抵抗性等，故[D]为答案，而[A]和[C]与本文无关，[B]过于片面。 第4题 How can sharks find their quarries? A By good sense of taste. B By good sense of smell. C By good visual sense. D By good sense of hearing. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 题目问的是鲨鱼怎样找到它们的食物，由原文中的...has an extremely good sense of smell可知答案为[B]。 第5题 In which point some sharks are similar with humans? A Bone structure. B Smell ability. C Birth mode. D Recovery ability against disease. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 题目问的是在哪一点上一些鲨鱼与人类相似，由原文中的...carry their young inside their bodies like humans do可知答案为[C]。 第6题 Why are sharks useful for humans? A For their tasty meat. B For the principle of their defense system against disease. C For their solid skin. D For the principle of their birth modes. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据文中提到的“...the shark's body defense system against disease.”可知答案为[B]。 第7题 Why do people leave home to travel according to the passage? A To look for a different lifestyle. B To enjoy themselves, C For adventure. D For education. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] People enjoy taking trips, but what are the reasons they leave home? One reason is for education. People travel because they want to broaden their horizons to learn about other people and other places. They are curious about other cultures. When people are tourists, they get a quick look at different ways of living. Even a short look at another kind of lifestyle is an important lesson. On a trip, a person can learn directly —by visiting museums and historic spots. What does a tourist learn who sees the art museums, visits the historical palaces and other scenic spots in Paris, and shops along the River Seine? He gets a vivid picture — a real-life one — of the French people. He learns about their attitudes, how they feel about business, beauty, and history. What about the tourist who goes to Hong Kong? Does he get the same information that he could get from a book? He might read that Hong Kong is crowded, that there is less than 200 square meters of space for each person, but seeing and feeling the lack of space will impress him much more. He might read that there are nearly 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway, but the sight of so many vehicles parked along the roadside will be a much more vivid lesson. The tourist to Hong Kong will never forget the contrasts — the straight vertical lines of the tall modem buildings and the moving lines of boats that the people live in. [解析] 题目问的是人们出去旅行的原因，原文中第一句话就提出问题“what are the reasons they leave home”，这与本题题干一致，这时就要仔细听下文的解释：One reason is for education，故答案为[D]。 第8题 What do we learn from the passage about Paris? A There are 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway. B It bas a dense population. C There are many museums and palaces. D It has many towering buildings. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 当听到“On a trip, a person...scenic spots in Paris”时，就应注意其中提到了艺术博物馆、历代的宫殿以及其他景点，并未涉及其他方面，由此可知答案为[C]。 第9题 What impression will a tourist get of Hong Kong? A It is a city of Contrasts. B It possesses many historical sites. C It is an important industrial center. D It has many big and beautiful parks. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 题干中的Hong Kong是定位信息，因此要特别注意听与其相关的信息。由原文中的“... never forget the contrast...”可知答案为[A]。 第10题 What does the passage tell us about traveling? A It helps develop our personalities. B It enables us to acquire first-hand knowledge. C It makes our life more interesting. D It brings about changes in our lifestyle. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本题属于主旨题，可以从上几题中得到一些提示。第17题提到了旅游的目的之一是教育，而第18和19题提到了获取这种教育的方式，即on a trip, a person can learn directly，[B]中的acquire first-hand knowledge与此表述一致，故为答案。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com