汪老师教案句法知识之简单句并列句和复合句

PAGE/NUMPAGES句法知识之简单句并列句和复合句简单句1.六种基本句型基本句型分解:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:1）主+谓（SV）Iwork.2）主+系+ 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf （SVP）Thingsaregettingbetter.Sheturneddoctor.3）主+谓+宾（SVO）ShestudiesEnglish.4）主+谓+间宾+直宾（SVIo.Do.）Mymotherboughtmeanewdress.5）主+谓+宾+补（SVOC）Isawhimcomeintothehouseyesterday.另外：Therebe句型2.练习：判断下列句子属于何种句式1）Youaresittingonthetrainhome.2）Herecomesthebus!3）Theego’spotentialforexpansionislimitless.4）Thereexistedanationintheocean.5）Ourneighborsgaveusababybirdyesterday.6）Wethinkitourdutytostudywell.7）Nobodyishere.8）Hepassedmeacupoftea.9）Tomdoesn’tknowthepopstar.10）Mymotherstaysathome.11）Themilktastesgood.12）Thecarcaughtfire.13）Theteacherhastoldmethefact.14）Heisreadingabook.15）Hegavemealectureyesterday.16）Sheisveryfriendly.17）Icanswim.18）Ihavehadagoodtime.19）Ifoundhimtalking.20）ThisEnglishbookisveryinteresting.3.更正下列句子的错误1）Hecametheroom.2）Themusicsounds.3）Ihaveseen.4）Hegaveapenme.5）Thebossmadetheboytoworkhard.6）Myfatherboughtabooktome.Keys：1）Hecameintotheroom2）Themusicsoundswonderful3）Ihaveseenthefilm.4）Hegaveapentome.5）Thebossmadetheboyworkhard.6）Myfatherboughtabookforme.4.五种基本句型的推导：1)英语句子必须有谓语动词。他像他爸爸。Heislikehisfather.这本书值得一读。Thebookisworthreading.我反对你的意见。I’magainstyou.2)一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外），其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语。他给我一些水喝。Hegavemesomewatertodrink.5.翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：1）我经常在早晨读英语。2）玛丽是个聪明的学生。3）我的老师交给我一封信4）我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5）我们叫我们的老师王先生6）他正在房里做家庭作业Keys:1）IoftenreadEnglishinthemorning.2）Maryisacleverstudent.3）Myteachergavemealetter.4）Mymotheroftenasksmetostudyhard.5）WecallourteacherMr.Wang.6）Heisdoinghishomeworkintheroom.并列句复合句1.把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子就叫并列句。2.四种类型1）由and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then…连接，表同等概念。HecannotonlyrepairradiosbutalsofixthemNotonlydothenurseswantapayincreased,butalsotheywantreducedhours.2）由either…or…,or,otherwise等连接，表选择EithersheleavesorIwill.3）由but,still,yet,however,while,when,whereas,nevertheless等连接，表转折。Mymotherlikescoffeewhilemyfatherlikestea.4）由so,for,therefore等连接，表因果。Hefounditdifficulttoread,forhiseyeswerefailing.３.Exercises：注意逻辑关系1）Givehimaninchhe’lltakeanell.A.butB.andC.forD.so2）didthestudentsdance,theirteachersang.A.Neither…or…B.Either…or…C.Both…and…D.Notonly…butalso…3）Feathersfalltothegroundslowlystonesfallmuchfaster.A.andB.whileC.butD.yet4）Wemustgetupearlytomorrow,we’llmissthefirstbustotheGreatWall.A.howeverB.butC.orD.so5）Heworkedhard,hefailed.A.whileB.andC.soD.yet6）Ithoughtwe’dbelatefortheconcert,______weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.7）SearchthewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,_____youwilllearnalotaboutfirefighting.8）Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblem__theythemselvescouldn’t.9）Iwasjustabouttoliedowntorest_______Isawasnakeinthegrass.Keys:BDBCD,but,and,while,when４．句子的连接和标点符号1）句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大写。MynameisTom.Iamfive.2）分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不大写。Tomisfive;hestudiesinaprimaryschool.3）引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。Tomsaid,“ThemovieTitaniciswonderful!”４）重点：逗号的运用。Ａ．逗号连接内部结构，即句子的状语（从句），定语（从句），同位语（从句）插入语等。请为下列句子加上逗号。1)Sinceheisillheisabsent.2)Tosaveclasstimeourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclass.3)Polarbearslivemostlyonseaicewhichtheyuseasaplatformforhuntingseals.Keys：1)Sinceheisill，heisabsent.2)Tosaveclasstime，ourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclass.3)Polarbearslivemostlyonseaice，whichtheyuseasaplatformforhuntingseals.Ｂ．逗号加连词相当于句号，连接两个并列句子。Iamfive,andIstudyinaprimaryschool.5.Translatethesentence.(注意标点）我走进教室，看见他正在读书，我没有打扰他，拿了书就出了教室。WhenIcameintotheclassroom,Isawhimreading.Itookmybookandwentout,withoutinterruptinghim.主从复合句包括名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句），定语从句，状语从句主语从句Whenweshallmeetagainhasn’tbeendecidedyet.Whathedidwasallforhiscountry.Thatsheisgoodatmusicisknowntoall.宾语从句TheytoldmethathecouldspeakGerman.Iknowwhatyoureallymean.IhaveforgottenwhereIleftthekey.表语从句Theproblemiswhetheryoucandoityourselves.Thatiswhywearegoingtohelpthem.Thatwashowshewonthefirstprize.同位从句Thenewsthattheyhadsucceededencouragedus.Thequestionwhomweshouldservemustbediscussed.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.定语从句TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.Thisisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenImetthatgreatwriterinJapan状语从句Helikeddrawingwhenhewasasmallchild.Ididn’tgowithhimbecauseIwasbusy.You’llsucceedifyoustudyharder.练习：Analyzethesentences.1).Whatmakesastudyscientificisnot,ofcourse,thenatureofthethingswithwhichitisconcernedbutthemethodbywhichitdealswiththesethings.2).WhenMr.Jonesgotback,heimmediatelywenttosleeponthelivingroomsofawith“EnglishSalon”overhisface.补充的详细内容：1.动词的分类类别特点例句行为动词及物动词接宾语HevisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.不及物动词不接宾语WeliveinHuizhou.Heislyingonthegrass.连系动词be,turnkeep接表语Youareastudent.I’mateacher.She’sanurse.助动词be,have,has,had,do,does,did,情动协助构成时态或语态Ihaveknowntheplaceformanyyears.Thegoodsaresoldout.Didyougothere?情态动词canmaymustwill/wouldshall/shouldneeddarehave/oughtto协助后面的动词原形表情态或语气Ican’tdecidewhichfilmtosee.Yououghttogotothetoiletbeforethefilmbegins.2.连系动词的分类变化类：become,grow,get,turn,come,go,fall感官类：smell,taste,sound,look,feel显得类：seem,appear,look状态类：be,keep,stay,remain,lie,stand,(prove,turnout,continue)3.常见的双及物动词有：throw扔,give给,show给......看,leave留给,write给......写信,return把......还给,bring带来,read读，tell告诉,hand交给,pass递给,promise答应,lend借给,send寄,refuse拒绝（间接宾语前加to）；play演奏，get得到，sing唱歌，do做，order命令，make生产/制造,pay为......交钱，buy买（间接宾语前加for）4.能带宾补的动词：A.感官动词：see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,hear,listento,feelB.使役动词：have,make,letC.其它：get,force,want,wish,expect,allow,permit,forbid,ask,order,advise，tell,findetc.5.Therebe是一种“存在”句，表示“某处或某时存在有某人(物)”。这种句子里there是一个引导词，引出主语(某人或某物)，用介词短语表示处所或时间，在句中作状语。be有数和时态的变化。be的数要和它后面的主语按就近原则保持一致，即当主语有多个时，be的数与离它最近的那个主语的数一致。Be还可能是exist,stand,come，lie等不及物动词。英语句子的类别1、按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。见下表类别例句陈述句肯定句Ihaveawatch./Theylikeskating./Marycanswim./Thereisadeskintheroom.否定句Ihavenowatch./Theydon’tlikeskating./Marycan’tswim./Thereisn'tadeskintheroom.疑问句一般疑问句Haveyouawatch?/Dotheylikeskating?/CanMaryswim?/Isthereadeskintheroom?特殊疑问句Howoldishe?/Whatwillyoudo?/Whichdoyoulikebest?/Whocanswim?Wheredoeshelive?/Whendidsheleave?选择疑问句Haveyouawatchoraclock?/Dotheylikeskatingorskiing?/Whocanswim,MaryorJane?Isthereadeskoratableintheroom?反意疑问句Youhaven’tawatch,haveyou?/Theylikeskating,don’tthey?/Marycanswim,can’tshe?Thereisadeskintheroom,isn’tthere?祈使句Becareful,boys./Gobacktoyourseat,please./Don’ttalkinclass.感叹句Whatacleverboyheis!/Howclevertheboyis!/Soyouhereatlast!/Whatasize!/Wonderful!2、按结构分类，句子可分为简单句和复合句。见下表：类别例句简单句1）主语+不及物动词:Abirdcanfly./IliveinXiamen.2)主语+连系动词+表语:Thesentenceissimple./Sheseemsallright.3)主语+及物动词+宾语:WelikeEnglish./IcanspeakJapanese.4)主语+及物动词+双宾语（直宾和间宾）Heboughtmeacupoftea./Heshowedheraphoto.5)主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语和宾补）Thesunkeepsuswarm./Iwishyousuccess./wetreatthegirloursister.复合句并列复合句HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo./SheisanAmerican,butshestudiesinEngland./Somepeoplelovehim,whileothershatehim.主从复合句主语从句Whenweshallmeetagainhasn’tbeendecidedyet./Whathedidwasallforhiscountry./Thatsheisgoodatmusicisknowntoall.宾语从句TheytoldmethathecouldspeakGerman./Iknowwhatyoureallymean./IhaveforgottenwhereIleftthekey.表语从句Theproblemiswhetheryoucandoityourselves./Thatiswhywearegoingtohelpthem./Thatwashowshewonthefirstprize.同位从句Thenewsthattheyhadsucceededencouragedus./Thequestionwhomweshouldservemustbediscusssed./Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.定语从句TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom./Thisisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago./I’llneverforgetthedaywhenImetthatgreatwriterinJapan状语从句Helikeddrawingwhenhewasasmallchild./Ididn’tgowithhimbecauseIwasbusy./You’llsucceedifyoustudyharder.英语句子成分结构详解一、句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词主格、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：Wecome.谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.3.表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等，感官动词多可用作了解动词：lookwell/面色好,soundnice/听起来不错,feelgood/感觉好，smellbad/难闻）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）4.宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面，同主语的构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是“代词宾格”，如：me，him，them等。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。一般的顺序为：动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。即间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.Givemeacupoftea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语。如：ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+代词直接宾语+to+间接宾语。如：Bringittome,please.特殊的同源宾语现象:fightafight,dreamadream,etc.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.5.宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明，使句子的意义完整。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.Thewarmadehimasoldier.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Theteacheraskedthestudentstoclosethewindows.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.Inoticedacatrunningacrosstheroad.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Ioftenfindhimatwork.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）二、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。1.形容词作定语：Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Tomisahandsomeboy.Tom是个英俊的男孩。Thereisagoodboy.有个乖男孩。Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）2.数词作定语相当于形容词：Twoboysneedtwopens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。Thetwoboysarestudents.这两个男孩是学生。Therearetwoboysintheroom.房间里有两个男孩。3.代词或名词所有格作定语：HisboyneedsTom'spen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。HisnameisTom.他的名字是汤姆。HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.TherearetwoboysofTom’sthere.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。4.介词短语作定语：Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。TheboyinblueisTom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。Therearetwoboysof9,andthreeof10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.5.名词作定语：Theboyneedsaballpen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。Itisaballpen.这是一支圆珠笔。Thereisonlyoneballpeninthepencilbox.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.6.副词作定语：Theboythereneedsapen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。ThebestboyhereisTom.这里最棒的男孩是Tom。7.不定式作定语：Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。TheboytowritethisletterisTom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。Thereisnothingtodotoday.今天无事要做。Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.8.分词（短语）作定语：Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.她买的笔是中国产的。Therearefiveboysleft.有五个留下的男孩。Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.9.定语从句：Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买钢笔。TheboyyouwillknowisTom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.参加游戏的男孩有五个。三、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：Theboycallsthegirlintheclassroom.一般理解成“男孩喊教室里的女孩”（此时intheclassroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为“男孩在教室里喊女孩”（此时intheclassroom为地点状语），最好写作“Intheclassroom,theboycallsthegirl.”1.副词（短语）作状语：Theboyneedsapenverymuch.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）Theboyreallyneedsapen.男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen.男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）2.介词短语作状语：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语地点状语）3.分词（短语）作状语：Hesitsthere,askingforapen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语表示伴随状态）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）4.不定式作状语：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）5.名词作状语：Comethisway!走这条路！（方向状语）Waitaminute.（名词状语）6.状语从句：有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句等九种。Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.（时间状语从句）Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.（地点状语从句）IteachEnglishbecauseIlikeEnglish.（原因状语从句）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语从句）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语从句）Wegotupearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.（目的状语从句）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语从句）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语从句）Everythingwentonasusualasifnothinghadhappened.（方式状语从句）四、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’)五、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法了解的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。1.感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。2.肯定词yes3.否定词no4.称呼语：称呼人的用语。5.插入语：一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。如:Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.6.情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然，等。六、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。例：错句：Studyinghard,yourscorewillgoup.正确：(1)Studyinghard,youcanmakeyourscoregoup.(2)Ifyoustudyhard,yourscorewillgoup.解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，即yourscore，显然study的应该是人，不应是yourscore（分数）。正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致(同为you);正确句(2)则使用条件分句引出study的主语,不过已经不是分词结构而是句子了。分词独立结构常省略being,havingbeen，但“Therebeing...”中being不能省略。如：Game(being)over,hewenthome.Hestandsthere,book(being)inhand.独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如：Withnothingtodo,hefellasleepsoon.无事可做，他很快就睡着了。Theteachercamein,withglassesonhisnose.老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句中onhisnose不可省略！）定语从句TheAttributiveClause一、关系代词1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)。applethered/thegreen/thesmall/thebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight?Canyoulendmethebookaboutwhichyoutalkedlastnight?Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?Doyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.注意：介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。区别一：只用that，不用which的情况：（代高序修饰时）1)当先行词既指人又指物时。Wearetalkingaboutthepeopleandcountriesthatwehavevisited.2)当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的已经做了。Theremustbesomethingthathappenedtoyou.你一定出了什么事。3)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.4)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级或thelast,theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰。Thisisthemostimpressivefilmthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路Thisisthefirstbookthathehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.5)在疑问词who,what,which开头的句子中。WhoisthegirlthatistalkingwithMr.Brown.Whoisthepersonthatistalkingtoourheadmaster?6)定语从句为therebe句型，也可以省略。Thisisthefastesttrain(that)thereistoBeijing.7)当关系代词在定语从句中做表语。Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas.Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.区别点二：只能用which不能用that的情况。1)引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.2)在介词后面：介词+which(先行词是物)Theworldinwhichweliveismadeofmatter.注意：若介词在从句中而没有直接在关系词后,可以用which或that.例如：Theworldthatweliveinismadeofmatter.区别点三：指人时只能用who不用that的情况.1)先行词为one,ones或anyone.Anyonewhowantstogomayputupyourhands.2)先行词为those.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.天助自助者。Thosewholaughlastlaughbest.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最美。3)主句是therebe.ThereisamanwhocalledhimselfMr.Wuatthegate.4)在非限制性定语从句中5.whose在从句中作定语，指人或物。1)MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.2)关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.6.练习Putthetwosentencesintoone:(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Keys：（1）Thescientistwho/whom/thatwemetyesterdayisveryfamousintheworld.（2）Thedressthat/whichsheiswearingisnew.（3）Heisthekindpersonthat/who/whomIhaveeverworkedwith.（4）ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1、关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如：a)我仍然记得我参军的那一天。①Istillremembertheday.②OnthatdayIjoinedthearmy.IstillrememberthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.b)这就是我们去年住的房屋。①Thisisthehouse.②Welivedinitlastyear.Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousewhichwelivedinlastyear.c)你知道他迟到的原因吗？①Doyouknowthereason?②Hewaslateforthatreason.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?Doyouknowthereasonforwhichhewaslate?2、当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并非就用when,where,why来引导定语从句。如：(1)这是我们去年参观的地方。vt.······①这是我们去年工作的地方。vi.······②①Thisistheplacewhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.②Thisistheplacewhereweworkedlastyear.(2)我仍然记得我入团的那一天。vi.······①我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。vt.······②①IstillrememberthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.②Istillrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogether.三、判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedafewdaysago?A.where　B.that　C.onwhichD.theoneB例2.Isthismuseum_____youvisitedafewdaysago?A.where　B.that　C.onwhichD.theoneD四、限定性、非限定性定语从句1.限定性定语从句是对先行词起限定作用的。去掉这个从句则整句话不完整或不成立。大多数定语从句是限定性定语从句。Eg:Hewhodoesn’tgototheGreatWallisnotatrueman.-----Heisnotatrueman.不完整ThemooncakethathasegginitisthemooncakewhichIlikebest.-----Themooncakeisthemooncake.不成立2.非限定性定语从句是对先行词起解释、说明作用的。去掉这个从句整句话仍成立。常被逗号隔开。Eg:Ihaveadog,whichcandomanythingsforme.3.定语从句的练习Putthetwosentencesintoone:（1）Ourfriendsmissedthetrainagain.Theyarealwayslateforeverything.（2）Myauntwaswaitingformeonthesteps.Shehadtwoheavybags.（3）Thedogiseasilyfrightened.Itwasbeatenwhenitwassmall.（4）Iwasinvitedtojoinbymyneighbor.HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.Keys:（1）Ourfriends,whoarealwayslateforeverything,missedthetrainagain.（2）Myaunt,whohadtwoheavybags,waswaitingformeonthesteps.（3）Thedog,whichwasbeatenwhenitwassmall,iseasilyfrightened.（4）Iwasinvitedtojoinbymyneighbor,whohasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.五、which与as引导定语从句的用法区别1．在限制性定语从句中，which和as都可指物；但用as时，先行词必须有thesame,so或such，as修饰。例如：Thespeedatwhichlighttravelsis