初中英语语法讲座材料

初中英语语法讲座材料 英语语法(词法和句法)讲义 第一讲 动词的时态 一、动词时态的概念:动词随着时间和人称的变化而呈现的状态叫时态。 e.g. Ten years ago she________(be) a nurse. Next year she_________(be) a nurse. Now she______ (be) a nurse. She ___________(be) a nurse for three years. She said that she_____________(be) a nurse in ten years. She told me that she__________(be) a nurse for three years. She______________(watch) a football match now. She______________(watch) a football match this time yesterday. 二、动词时态的形式: (一) 一般现在时: 1.一般现在时的概念: (1) 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示经常性习惯性的动作。 e.g. We get up early every morning. Tom cleans the classroom on Saturday. (2) 表示目前存在的状态。 e.g. I am very hungry and thirsty now. (3) 表示目前的心理活动,包括观点和喜好等等。 e.g. I like English and my brother likes it as well. I think English is very important to us. 2.一般现在时的关键词: (1) 表示经常性习惯性的动作的关键词: always often usually=generally sometimes hardly seldom=rarely every Sunday on Monday morning once (twice/three times…) a day (year/week…) (2) 表示目前存在的状态和心理活动的关键词: now=at the moment nowadays these days (weeks/months/years…) 3.一般现在时的结构: (1) 肯定句:We__________(be) busy now. He______________(must do) his lessons at once. I____________(clean) the door every morning. Joan____________(clean) the door every morning. (2) 否定句:We__________(not be) busy now. He______________(must not do) his lessons at once. I____________(not clean) the door every morning. Joan____________(not clean) the door every morning. (3) 一般疑问句:________you________(be) busy now? ________he___________(must do) his lessons at once? ________you__________(clean) the door every morning? ________Joan_________(clean) the door every morning? (4) 回答:Yes, we__________ No, we____________. Yes, he__________ No, he____________. Yes, I__________ No, I____________. Yes, she__________ No, she________. 4.一般现在时的注意要点: (1) 人称的分类: 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 I you he she it 复数 we you they (2) 主语(动作的执行者)是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 (3) 动词第三人称单数形式的构成: (A)一般在动词词尾 + s:stops lies listens snows (B)s x o ch sh 结尾的动词 + es:goes discusses teaches washes mixes (C)元音字母(a e i o u) + y结尾的+s:stays plays pays enjoys destroys (D)辅音字母(除a e i o u之外的其它字母) + y结尾的，去y + ies:study---studies fly---flies hurry---hurries worry---worries (E)特殊情况:have---has be---is 1 (4) be动词的用法:I用am 第三人称单数(he/she/it)用is 其余用are (5) 时间状语从句和条件状语从句，如果是一般将来时，要用一般现在时代替。 e.g. We__________(go) to visit the Expo if it___________(be) fine tomorrow. 试比较:I want to know if it__________(be) fine tomorrow. I___________(return) home at once when the rain________(stop) tonight. 试比较:Please tell me when the rain____________(stop) tonight. (6) 祈使句: 肯定句形式:动词原形开头;否定句:don‘t +动词原形。 e.g. ________(sit) close to me,please! ___________(not be) angry,Jones! (7) have / has的用法: (A) have/ has 做“有”解释: 英国式 美国式 肯定句:He has a brother. He has a brother. 否定句:He ______ _______ a brother. He ______ _______a brother. 一般疑问句:______he a brother? _______he ______a brother? 回答:Yes,he______. / No,he________ Yes,he_______./ No,he________. (B) have/ has 不做“有”解释: 肯定句:He has lunch at home. 否定句:He _______ ________lunch at home. 一般疑问句:_______he ______lunch at home? 回答:Yes,he______. / No,he________. (8) 联系动词: (A) To express ―change‖: get = become = grow (变得),turn (变成). e.g. After hearing this, his face turned red. When spring comes, it gets warm. (B) To express ―state‖: be (是),look (看上去),smell (闻起来),sound (听起来),taste (尝起来) feel (觉得),seem (好象),keep (保持),fall (陷于),stay (处于……状态) e.g. He always stays healthy because of his morning exercises every day. She often falls asleep in the maths class. (9) 情态动词: (A)初中阶段:can could may might must should=ought to need will would dare (B)表示猜测: (a) 有把握的肯定用:must (肯定/一定) You look the same as the lady.She must be your mother. (b) 有把握的否定用:can‘t (不可能)。 She can‘t be Mary. Mary has already gone to Europe. (c) 没有把握的肯定用:may (可能/也许)，might(语气更委婉)。 A moment ago I saw our English teacher in the teachers‘ office. He may/might still be there but I am not sure. (d)对过去情况的猜测:情态动词+have+p.p. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. He isn‘t here. He must have gone to the library. (C)表示不允许和禁止用:can‘t mustn‘t You can‘t leave for Beijing alone because you are still a baby. (不能/不可以) You mustn‘t park your car here.It‘s against the traffic laws.(不允许/禁止) (D)征询允许用:can =may，will 或would，而could和would语气更加委婉和客气 ---Can /May I smoke here? ---Yes,you can / may. ---Will /Would you please open the door for me,---Yes，of course. ---Could you please repeat it? ---Oh,no problem. (E)must一般疑问句的否定回答用:needn‘t ----Must I finish my homework today? ---No,you needn‘t. / I‘m afraid you must. (F) 表示能力用:can=be able to I can speak English very well. (H) should=ought to 应该，shouldn‘t=oughtn‘t to不应该 (I) need的用法: (a)做行为动词 (b) 做情态动词 肯定句:He needs to finish it today. He need finish it today(不常用). 否定句:He ______ _______to finish it today. He _____ ______finish it today. 一般疑问句:_______he_______to finish it today? ______he finish it today? 回答:Yes,he______. / No,he________ Yes,he_______./ No,he________. 2 注意:need doing=need to be done 需要被做 The TV needs mending again.=The TV needs to be mended again. (10) 特殊疑问句结构: (A) 特殊疑问词或词组不做主语时:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句 When______you_____(get) up every morning? How often_____your mother______(cook) dinner at home? Which subject_______Mike________(like) best? (B) 特殊疑问词或词组做主语时:特殊疑问词或词组+动词的适当形式 Who usually___________(come) to work the earliest in your company? What‘s the matter with you,dear? (二) 一般过去时: 1.一般过去时的概念: 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常性习惯性的动作。 e.g. We went to the cinema late yesterday evening. Tom washed his clothes last Saturday afternoon. 2.一般过去时的关键词: yesterday the day before yesterday yesterday morning (afternoon/evening) in 2009 ) a week (year / three hours…) ago once (曾经) last night (week /month /year / term… just now=a moment ago 3.一般过去时的结构: (1) 肯定句:They__________(be) busy last night. She______________(can sing) this song last year. I____________(wash) the door yesterday morning. (2) 否定句:They__________(not be) busy last night. She______________(can not sing) this song last year. I____________(not wash) the door yesterday morning. (3) 一般疑问句:________they________(be) busy last night? ________she___________(can sing) this song last year? ________you__________(wash) the door yesterday morning ? (4) 回答:Yes, they__________. No, they____________. Yes,she__________ . No, she____________. Yes, I__________ . No, I____________. 4.一般过去时的注意要点: (1) 动词过去式的构成: (A)一般在动词词尾 + ed:waited mixed opened worked listened snowed (B)不发音的e结尾的动词 + d:stored danced liked used united invited (C)元音字母(a e i o u) + y结尾的+ed:stayed played enjoyed destroyed (D)辅音字母(除a e i o u之外的其它字母) + y结尾的，去y + ied:study---studied hurry---hurried worry---worried (E)重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，且该辅音字母只发一个辅音，则双写尾字母，+ed:stopped mopped fitted dropped regretted (F)特殊情况:参阅不规则动词表:(略) (G) 重读闭音节概念: (a)48个音素由20个元音和28个辅音构成，列表如下: 长元音:[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 单元音: 元音: 短元音:[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 双元音:[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 清辅音:[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 辅音: 浊辅音:[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] (b)音节:一个元音或一个元音与一个或几个辅音所构成的发音单位叫一个音节。 a [ ] air [ e ] eye [ ] are [ ] an[ n ] and [ nd ] stand [ st nd ] army [ :m ] handed [ h nd d ] destroyed [ d s tr d ] our[ u ] doctor[ d kt ] wonderful[ w nd ful ] magnificent [ m gn f s nt ] congratulation [ k n gr tju lei n ] 成音节:辅音+[ m ] [ n ] [ l ]，如果后面没有元音，也构成一个发音单位，叫成音节。 3 pencil [ pensl ] table [ teibl ] lesson [ lesn ] impossible [ mp s bl ] people [ pi:] please [ pli:] slowly [ sl ul ] black [ bl k ] snow[ sn u ] (c)重读音节:单词中被重读的音节叫重读音节。 open [ p n ] regret [ re gret ] Chinese [ ] family [ ] fourteen [ ] (d)闭音节:一个音节里面,中间只有一个元音字母,而后面是辅音字母结尾的音节叫闭音节。 fill [f l ] expect [ ] finish [ ] hot [ ] fit [ ] mix [ ] forget [ ] (e)开音节:一个音节里面,元音字母结尾的叫绝对开音节,元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+e结尾的音 节叫相对开音节。 she [ ] he [ ] we [ ] hi [ ] hello [ ] lake [ ] name [ ] hike [ ] use [ ] family [ ] Chinese[ ] (f)非开非闭音节:R音节(ur or oor ir ar er…)、成音节和字母组合(ee ea ear ow ere ear…)叫非开非闭音节。 snow [ ] rain [ ] handle [ ] open [ ] bread [ ] aim [ ] (2) 时间状语从句和条件状语从句，如果是过去将来时，要用一般过去时代替。 e.g. He said he__________(go) to visit the Expo if it___________(be) fine tomorrow. 试比较:He wanted to know if it__________(be) fine tomorrow. She told me she__________(return) home at once when the rain_______(stop) tonight. 试比较:Did he tell you when the rain____________(stop) tonight? (三) 现在进行时: 1. 现在进行时的概念: 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,还可表示当前一段时间里的活动。 Tom is playing video games now. The workers are building the great bridge over the Huangpu River these months. 2. 现在进行时的关键词: now=at the moment nowadays look listen Look out! = Be careful! = Watch out! these days (weeks / months / years…) 3. 现在进行时的结构: (1) 肯定句:They__________(wait) for the bus there now. (2) 否定句:They__________(not wait) for the bus there now. (3) 一般疑问句:________they__________ (wait) for the bus there now? (4) 回答:Yes,they__________ No, they____________. 4. 现在进行时的注意要点: (1) 现在进行时的谓语动词结构:am / is / are + 现在分词 (2) 动词现在分词的构成: (A)一般在动词词尾 + ing:doing cleaning waiting snowing standing opening (B)不发音的e结尾的动词，去e + ing:write---writing dance---dancing prepare---preparing (C)重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，且该辅音字母只发一个辅音，则双写尾字母，+ing:stopping mopping fitting dropping forgetting hitting regretting beginning (D)特殊情况:lie---lying die---dying (3) come go leave die 等少数动词现在进行时还可以表示一般将来 Look! The bus is coming here. = Here ________(come) the bus. (正在来) Wait a moment,please! The bus is coming very soon. (将要来) (4) 动词现在分词(动名词)的其他作用: (A)用于某些常用词组中: (a)enjoy doing (b)finish doing (c)see / hear / feel / watch / notice / find sb. doing (d)stop doing ( ) stop to do ( ) (e)go on doing = go on with sth. = continue doing ( ) go on to do ( ) (f)keep (on) doing (g) try doing ( ) try to do ( ) (h) remember doing ( ) remember to do ( ) (i) go swimming / shopping / travelling / fishing /camping / boating… (j) do (some) shopping / cleaning / cooking /speaking / washing / reading / writing… (l) Would you mind doing…? =Please…! (m) Would you mind my doing…? = Shall I…? (B)用做定语,放在被修饰词的后面,表示:正在……的….. The man,sitting behind you, is a thief. 4 (C)用做形容词,表示:令人……的 exciting amazing = surprising worrying frightening amusing moving interesting freezing… (四) 过去进行时: 1. 过去进行时的概念: 表示在过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作,还可表示过去某一段时间里的活动。 Tom was copying his classmate,Tom‘s homework this time yesterday.. The workers were building the great bridge over the Huangpu River those years. 2. 过去进行时的关键词: at eight this morning / from 6:00 to 8:00 this morning / this time yesterday at that time = then 3. 过去进行时的结构: (1) 肯定句:They__________(read) English this time yesterday. (2) 否定句:They__________(not read) English this time yesterday. (3) 一般疑问句:________they__________(read) English this time yesterday? (4) 回答:Yes,they__________ No, they____________. 4. 过去进行时的注意要点: (1) 过去进行时的谓语动词结构:was / were + 现在分词 (2) come go leave die 等少数动词过去进行时还可以表示过去将来 She said she___________(leave) for Xi‘an next Sunday. (将要前往) (五) 一般将来时: 1.一般将来时的概念: (1) 表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. We will get up early tomorrow morning. Tom will be free next Saturday. 2.一般将来时的关键词: tomorrow the day after tomorrow soon = before long never (永不) next Sunday (week / June / year / term / season…) at once = in a minute = right now = right away in 2012 3.一般将来时的结构: (1) 肯定句:I__________(write) a letter to you next week. (2) 否定句:I__________(not write) a letter to you next week. (3) 一般疑问句:________you__________(write) a letter to me next week? (4) 回答:Yes, I__________ No, I____________. 4.一般将来时的注意要点: (1) 第一人称(I / we )可以用shall，也可以用will或am / are going to + do: (2) 征询对方对自己要做事情的态度时用shall。 ---Shall I open the door for you, ---Yes，please. / No，thanks. 试比较:---May I use your bike,---Yes,here you are. / Sorry. (3) 表示客气的命令或邀请时，只能用will。 Will you open the window for me,please? (4)一般将来时用be going to + do表示打算。 I will learn chemistry next term. (表示事实) I am going to learn the song tonight. (表示意愿) (5)come go leave die等少数动词表示一般将来，一般不用be going to + do 结构。 They will leave here tomorrow. (?) They are leaving here tomorrow. (?) They are going to leave here tomorrow. (X) (六)过去将来时: 1.过去将来时的概念: 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. She said she___________(go) there tomorrow. 2. 过去将来时的关键词: 一般将来时的所有关键词和:the next year (week / month / day…) that night (evening) 3. 过去将来时时的结构: (1) 肯定句:She said she__________(stay) at home next Sunday. (2) 否定句:She said she__________(not stay) at home next Sunday. (3) 一般疑问句:She asked her brother_____he__________(stay) at home next Sunday 4. 过去将来时的注意要点: 5 (1) 过去将来时的谓语动词结构:would + do was / were going to + do (2) come go leave die等少数动词表示过去将来，一般不用be going to + do 结构。 Betty said they would leave here tomorrow. (?) Betty said they were leaving here tomorrow. (?) Betty said they were going to leave here tomorrow. (X) (七) 现在完成时: 1. 现在完成时的概念: (1) 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在。 e.g. I _______________(teach) English since 1982. She_____________(be) busy for three hours. (2) 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态虽然已经结束，但对现在产生影响，造成结果。 ---Would you like to have dinner with me, ---I____________(have) it already. 2. 现在完成时的关键词: since already yet just never (从不) ever recently for three years these days (in) the last / past five days 3. 现在完成时的结构: (1) 肯定句:I____________(be) a teacher since last year. (2) 否定句:He______________(not finish) it off yet. (3) 一般疑问句:_______Joan_________(clean) the door yet? (4) 回答:Yes, she__________ No, she________. 4.现在完成时的注意要点: (1) 现在完成时的谓语动词结构:have / has + done (2) 现在完成时不能和过去时间连用。 I can‘t open the door. Who____________(break) it? Who____________(break) it yesterday? (3) have / has been to + 地点 (去过某地) have / has gone to + 地点 (到某地去了) have been in + 地点 (一直在某地) e.g. I have been to Britain twice. It is really a beautiful country. (I have been there twice.) He has gone to Beijing. He will be back in four days. (He has gone there.) He has been in Beijing since three years ago. (He has been there since three years ago.) (4)瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用(否定句中可以) (A)He has borrowed the book for a week. ( X ) He has ________ the book for a week. (?) ( B) She has died for three years. ( X ) She has ______ _______for three years. (?) (C) I have bought this house for ten months. ( X ) I have ________this house for ten months. (?) (D)He has left Shanghai for five years. ( X ) He has______ _______ _______Shanghai for five years. (?) (E)The film has begun for 15 minutes. (X) The film has_______ _______for 15 minutes. (F) He has joined the Youth League for a year. (X) He has become a League member for a year. (X) He has _______a League member for a year. (?) He has ______ ______the League for a year. (?) (G) He has come to Nanqiao for three weeks. (X) He has _____ _____Nanqiao for three weeks. (?) (5) 过去分词的构成:和过去式的构成方法相同。 (6)过去分词的其它作用: (A)用于被动语态。 English is spoken by people all over the world. (B)用做定语,放在被修饰词的后面,有被动的意思。 The girl [followed by a policeman] is our monitress,Rose. (C)用做形容词: excited moved surprised = amazed worried interested amused frozen lost frightened broken… (八) 过去完成时: 6 1. 过去完成时的概念: 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. I said I_______________(teach) English since 1982. She_____________(be) busy for three hours before she went to bed last night.. 2. 过去完成时的关键词: since already yet just never (从不) ever recently for three years these days (in) the last / past five days by +过去点上时间 (by the end of last month / by 2009) 3. 过去完成时的结构: (1) 肯定句:The film__________(already begin) when I got there. (2) 否定句:He______________(not finish) the work by ten yesterday morning. (3) 一般疑问句:_______you_________(learn) physics by the end of last term? (4) 回答:Yes, I__________ No, I________. 4.过去完成时的注意要点: (1) 过去完成时的谓语动词结构:had + done (2) 两个紧接发生的过去动作，由于已经由when/after/before/until/as soon as等说明了前后的时间关系，所 以先发生的动作可用一般过去时代替过去过去完成时。 As soon as the teacher_______(come) into the classroom, the students ______(stop) talking at once. 三、动词时态的判定方式: (一)有一定的时间状语: She often goes to bed late. (二)根据上下文来判断: Listen! Who is singing in the room? (三)对话中呈现: ---Where is John? ---He has gone to the reading room. (四)复合句中体现: I don‘t want to see the film because I have seen it twice. 四、动词时态语态的练习: (一)用所给词的适当形式填空 1(He________ (go) swimming in the river every day in summer. 2. It________ ( seem ) you are right. 3. Look, the children__________ ( play ) basketball on the playground. 4. He_________ ( listen ) to the radio when I came in. 5. It is very cold .I think it_________ ( rain ) outside now. 6. ---I need some paper . ---I_________ ( bring ) some for you . 7. I can’t find my pen . Who__________( take ) it ? 8. He said that he__________( come ) back in five minutes . 9. I didn’t meet him. He________ ( leave ) when I got there. 10.I________ ( lose ) my bike, so I have to walk to school. 11.He______( sit ) down and began to read his newspaper. 12.He is very hungry. He__________( not eat ) anything for three days. 13.I________ ( go ) with you if I have time . 14.We will go to the cinema if it______ (be ) fine . 15.I will tell her the news when she________(come) to see me next week. 16. ---― When______you______( buy ) the car ?‖ ---― In 1998 . ‖ 17.We________(be)good friends since we met at school . 18.What______you______ (do) at five yesterday afternoon ? 19.The bike is nice . How much______it______ (cost) ? (二) 选择最佳答案填空 ( )1.We’ll go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow. A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be ( )2.Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back. A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come ( )3.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words. A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned ( )4.Listen ! Someone______in the next room . A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried ( )5.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him. A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing ( )6.He told me that he______to see us the next day. 7 A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come ( )7.We can’t find him anywhere . Perhaps he______home. A. is going B. went C. has gone D. would come ( )8.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth. A. is B. was C. has been D.will be ( )9.Could you tell me where the railway station______? A. was B. is C. will be D. would be ( )10.We______to the Great Wall several times. A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have been ( )11.It seemed that the old man______for something over there. A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked ( )12.He was sure that he______his wallet in the office . A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left ( )13.You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam. A. won’t B. don’t C. haven’t D. hadn’t ( )14. —I’m afraid you can’t sit here . —Sorry , I______know. A. don’t B. won’t C. can’t D. didn’t ( )15. —Jim is not coming tonight . —But he______ ! A. promises(许诺) B. promised C. will promise D. had promised (三) 动词时态能力综合测试 ( )1.He often______his clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash ( )2.I’m Chinese. Where_____you______from? A. do / come B. are / coming C. are / come D. did / come ( )3.May______to school. A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking ( )4.We will start as soon as our teacher______ . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming ( )5.How long ago_____you______playing football? A. have / stopped B. had / stopped C. did / stop D. do / stop ( )6.It______ hard when I left my house . A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain ( )7.I think this question______to answer. A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy ( )8. Don’t talk so loudly . Your father______. A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept ( )9.How many people does the doctor know who______of the disease (疾病), A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies ( )10.I______my homework now. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished ( )11.He______the army for three years. A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. has served ( )12.His grandfather______for thirty years. A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died ( )13.I______ from my brother for a long time. A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear ( )14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, ______always interested him. A. has B. have C. are D. is ( )15.—Did your brother go to America last year? —______. A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here C. No , he never was there D. No , he’s never been there ( )16.He______ that factory since 1958. A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to ( )17.Our teacher______to Beijing three times. A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been ( )18.Last week John______his leg. A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken ( )19.Jack______his thick coat because it was snowing. A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on 8 ( )20.He______the picture on the wall. A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged ( )21.Next month my sister______twenty-five. A. has B. will be C. shall have D. is going to be ( )22.You______her again in a few weeks. A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen ( )23. By the end of last term we______English for two years. A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied ( )24.Mrs Brown______in New York for three years before she went to London. A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live ( )25.When we arrived , the dinner______. A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begun ( )26.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I______ my exams. A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished ( )27.My sister______to see me . She’ll be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came ( )28.They said they______our answer the next day . A. had heard B. would hear of C. would hear D. will hear ( )29.The old man said that light______faster than sound. A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel (四) 基 本 型 用所给动词的正确形式填空: 1. A cow _______ (eat) grass but gives milk. 2. The room is dirty. I _______ (clean) it in a minute. 3. Mary _______ (sing) three songs already. Let her have a rest. 4. It is late at night. Dad _______ still _______ (work) at the desk. 5. Tell Robert to turn off the lights before he _______ (go) out. 6. He put on his clothes and _______ (hurry) to school without breakfast. 7. He _______ (fall) and _______ (hit) his leg on a table that day. 8. She __________ (be) there twice already. 9. What time ______ Jim ______ (get) up every day. 10. Look! Tom ________ (mend) the car over there. 11.You __________ (not sweep) the floor yesterday. 12.______ (hold) on a minute, please! I ________ (look) for a piece of paper now. 13.If you _______ (speak) too loudly in public places, other people ________ (not be) pleased. 14.--―The light in the classroom _____ (be) on.‖ --―Oh, sorry, I forgot______ (turn) it off.‖ 15.--―How about _______ (take) a short rest?‖ --―Sorry, I feel like _______ (watch) TV after supper.‖ 16.________ (not worry). He’ll come back soon. 17.________ February usually ________ (have) 28 days? 18.―I’ve _______ (have) another letter from him,‖ Mr. White said. 19.His leg’s ________ (get) worse. That’s too bad. 20.______ you ________ (wait) for a bus now? 21.We ________ (not go) climbing the hills if it rains tomorrow. (五) 提 高 型 1.-- I’ve finished my homework. When ____ you _____ it? –In five minutes , I think. A. have / finished B. do / finish C. did / finish D. will / finish 2. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice, and now she still _____ to go there. A. went to / wanted B. goes to / wants C. has gone to / wants D. has been to / wants 3. They usually _____ TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches 4. The child _____ crying when he saw his mother. A. stop B. stops C. stopped D. stopping 5. What were the twins talking about when you _____ them? A. had seen B. were seeing C. saw D. see 6. Please buy some stamps for me if you _____ the post office. A. pass B. will pass C. have passed D. passed 7. –Where is Jim?-He ____ to the library. A. went B. has been C. goes D. has gone 9 8. Kate ____ to bed until her father returned yesterday evening. A. won’t go B. doesn’t go C. went D. didn’t go 9. --Have you ever been to Shanghai? ---Yes, I ____ there last year. A. went B. go C. were D. gone 10. The two old men ____ each other since 1970. A. didn’t seen B. don’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see 11. She says that she ____ to Beijing next week. A. has gone B. will go C. goes D. would go 12. I’ll go for a walk with you if it _____ tomorrow. A. won’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. will rain D.isn’t going to rain 13. I ____ her to bring my book to school yesterday. A. told B. tell C. am telling D. have told 14.Be quite. The child ____. A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D.had slept 15.I don’t know if he ____ tomorrow. If he _____, I’ll meet him. A. will come / comes B. comes / comes C. will come/ will come D. comes/ will come 16.I ____ an old friend of mine when I ____ in the street yesterday afternoon. A. met / was walking B. was meeting / walked C. was meeting / was walking D. met / walked 17.–Is Mr. Wang at home? -No, he isn’t. he ____to Nanjing. A. went B. goes C. is going D. has gone 18.–Have you mended the motorbike, Tom? -Yes, I ____ it ten minutes ago. A. have B. had C.mended D. have mended 19.If it is fine, the sports meeting ____ two days. A. lasts B. will last C. lasted D. last 20.Our geography teacher told us that the earth ____ around the sun. A. goes B. go C. went D. going (六) 综合型 1. By the end of last term, we ____ 1000 English words. A. have learned B. has learnt C. had learned D. learned 2. The Reads ____ lunch when I got to their house. A. were having B. was having C. are having D. is having 3. His family ____ TV from 10 to 12 last night. A. watched B. were watching C. had watched D. was watching 4. --Have you ever ____ to the USA? --Yes, I ____ there last summer. A. gone / went B. gone / have been C. been / went D. been / have 5. He ____ his homework and now is listening to music. A. finished B. finishes C. has finished D. finish 6. We’ve waited for you for 2 hours. Where _____, Jim? A. are you B. have you been C. are you from D. have you gone 7. He’s out. He ____ to the library. A. went B. has gone C. has been D. had gone 8. --How long have you ____ there? --About six years. A. come B. gone C. left D. worked 9. Our workshop ____ since two years ago. A. was opened B. opened C. has been open D. has opened 10. My grandpa _____ for half a year. A. has been dead B. died C. has died D. was dead 11.When ____ the Greens ____ back to China? --Next month. A. did / come B. are / come C. will / come D. have / come 12.Stay inside, please. It ____ hard now. A. is raining B. has rained C. rains D. was raining 13.Our knowledge of the universe _____ all the time. A. grow B. is growing C. grows D. grew 14.Look! Lily with her sisters _____ a kite on the playground. A. is flying B. flying C. are flying D. fly 15.It’s five years since I ____ you last time. A. met B. meet C. have met D. had met 16.I thought the news ____ important for us all. 10 A. is B. was C. were D. will be 17.The woman fell off the bike and _____ on the road. A. lied B. lie C. lay D. lying 18.Granny Wang told the children that the sun _____ from the east. A. has risen B. rose C. rises D. raise 19.Go to help her if she _____ in trouble. A. is going B. will be C. comes D. is 20.Do you know which picture _____ best? A. does she like B. she likes C. did she like D. she is liking 21.The Whites _____ many places of interest since they came to China. A. have visited B. will visit C. visited D. visit 22.I don’t know if she ____ me when she ____. A. tells / arrives B. tells / will arrive C. will tell / will arrive D. will tell / arrives 23.Never trouble me while I ____ in my room! A. will sleep B. asleep C. am sleeping D. slept 24.If you ____ lunch at school today, so will I. A. have B. have had C. will have D. had 25.Lucy is studying in Beijing. She ____ London for one year. A. has left B. gas left for C. has been away from D. has been away 26.They never knew what _____ to the world in a hundred years. A. happened B. would happen C. had happened D. would be happened 第二讲 被动语态 一、概念: (一) 主动语态:主语是动作的执行者: Many people speak Chinese. (二)被动语态:主语是动作的承受者: Chinese is spoken by many people. 二、作用: (一) 不知道动作的执行者是谁: Yesterday a man was killed in the field. (二)需要强调的是动作的承受者:The door has already been cleaned twice. 三、被动语态的结构:be + done 四、主动语态改为被动语态的方法: Many people speak Chinese. 1 2 3 Chinese is spoken by many people. 在动作执行者不必强调时by短语可以省略。 五、八种时态主动语态和被动语态对比: 1. 一般现在时: 主动语态 被动语态 肯:The boy often_______(play) games. Games______often______(play) by the boy. 否:The boy _____often_____(not play) games. Games______often_______(not play) by the boy. 疑:_____the boy often_______(play) games? ____games often______(play) by the boy? 答:Yes,he_____. / No,he______. Yes,they______. / No,they_______. 总特征:is / am / are + done 2. 一般过去时: 主动语态 被动语态 肯:He________(see) the film yesterday. The film__________(see) by him yesterday. 否:He________(not see) the film yesterday. The film__________(not see) by him yesterday. 疑:____he________(see) the film yesterday? ______the film__________(see) by him yesterday? 答:Yes,he_____. / No,he______. Yes,it______. / No,it_______. 总特征:was / were + done 3.:情态动词: 主动语态 被动语态 肯:We________(can see) stars tonight. Stars__________(can see) by us tonight. 否:We________(can not see) stars tonight. Stars__________(can not see) by us tonight. 疑:_____you_____(can see) stars tonight? ______stars_____(can see) by you tonight? 答:Yes,we_____. / No,we______. Yes,they______. / No,they_______. 总特征:情态动词 + be + done 4.:一般将来时: 11 主动语态 被动语态 肯:We________(visit) her soon. She__________(visit) by us soon. 否:We________(not visit) her soon. She__________(not visit) by us soon. 疑:_____you______(visit) her soon? _____she________(visit) by us soon? 答:Yes,we_____. / No,we______. Yes,she______. / No,she_______. 总特征:will / shall + be + done am / is / are going to + be + done 5.:现在完成时: 主动语态 被动语态 肯:They___________(already see) it. It_______________(already see) by them. 否:They___________(not see) it yet. It_______________(not see) by them yet. 疑:____they________(see) it yet? ______it__________(see) by them yet? 答:Yes,they_____. / No,they______. Yes,it______. / No,it_______. 总特征:have / has + been + done 以下四种属于高要求: 6.:现在进行时: 主动语态 被动语态 肯:I________(read) English now. English__________(read) by me now. 否:I________(not read) English now. English__________(not read) by me now. 疑:____you________(read) English now? ______ English __________(read) by you now? 答:Yes,I_____. / No,I______. Yes,it______. / No,it_______. 总特征:am / is / are + being + done 7.:过去进行时: 主动语态 被动语态 肯:She________(do) the work at that time. The work__________(do) by her at that time. 否:She________(not do) the work at that time. The work__________(not do) by her at that time. 疑:____she_______(do) the work at that time? _____the work________(do) by him at that time? 答:Yes,she_____. / No,she______. Yes,it______. / No,it_______. 总特征:was / were + being + done 8.:过去完成时: 主动语态 被动语态 肯:I________(learn) it by then. It__________(learn) by me by then. 否:I________(not learn) it by then. It__________(not learn) by me by then. 疑:_____you______(learn) it by then? ______it__________(learn) by you by then? 答:Yes,I_____. / No,I______. Yes,it______. / No,it_______. 总特征:had + been + done 9.:过去将来时: 总特征:would + be + done was / were going to + be + done 六、主动语态改为被动语态的注意点: 1. 主动语态的主语如果是人称代词 (I / we / she…)，变为被动语态做by的宾语时，用宾格(me / us / her…): I often clean the room on Sunday.??The room is often cleaned by me on Sunday. 2. 主动语态宾语如果是人称代词(me / us / her…)，变为被动语态做主语时，用主格(I / we / she…): The teacher wrote them yesterday. ??They were written by the teacher yesterday. 3. 不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,因而没有被动语态，但是当某些不及物动词和某些介词等搭配，组成固定 词组，相当于一个及物动词(vt.)时，可以有宾语，所以可以有被动语态，但是该固定动词词组不能 拆开: She often takes good care of me. ??I_____often_________________by her 4.主动语态的谓语动词如果有双宾语(直接宾语??物，间接宾语??人)时，可以任意用其中的一个宾 语做被动语态的主语，在解题时，为避免出错，通常用前一个宾语做被动语态的主语: She gave me some advice yesterday. / She gave some advice to me yesterday. ??I was given some advice by her yesterday. ??Some advice was given to me by her yesterday. 用for的双宾语动词:buy / make / draw / build / do / write / bring / take…sth. for sb. 用to的双宾语动词:give = offer / pass = hand / lend / send =post = mail / tell / show / teach / throw / take / bring / write…sth. to sb. 5.动词词组:make / have = let / find / hear / see / feel / watch / notice sb. + do 和help sb. + (to) do中，动词不 定式不带to，改为被动语态时，加上to: She made me copy the text ten times this morning. ??I was made to copy the text ten times by her this morning. 12 七、动词综合练习: 谓语动词: 1. She didn‘t go to see the dolphin show(海豚表演) with us because she ________ it already. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 2. In old China, many palaces ________ in Beijing, Xi‘an and Nanjing. A. built B. have built C. were built D. were building 3. Mr. King has _________ South Africa. He will be back next month. A. been to B. been at C. gone to D. gone in 4. Sarah _________ a bike to work, but now she drives. A. used to ride B. had ridden C. would ride D. used to riding 5. A: ______________ the flight MU823 ______________? B: No, not yet. A. Has…arrived B. Do…arrive C. Will…arrive D. Is…arriving 6. Who _________ my pen away? I used it minutes ago. A. has taken B. will take C. takes D. took 7. Jenny __________ the text of Lesson 3 at 8:00 last night. A. read B. was reading C. is reading D. would read 8. -----I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. -----Oh, I am sorry I ________ dinner at my friend‘s home. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had 9. I like this silk dress, and it ________ so soft and comfortable. A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt 10. We won‘t do morning exercises if it __________ tomorrow. A. rains B. will rain C. rained D. rain 11. When I got to the cinema, the film __________ for five minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. had been on 12. Coffee is ready. How nice it _______! Would you like some? A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. looks 13. They can see the words on the blackboard clearly, so they _______ wear glasses. A. need to B. have to C. don‘t need D. don‘t have to 14. More and more money ________ on the protection of the environment in the future. A. will spend B. may spend C. is spent D. will be spent 15. John and I are good friends. We ________ each other for ten years. A. knew B. had known C. know D. have known 16. -----How long has he ______ ill? -----About a week. He _______ ill five days ago. A. fallen/was B. been/fall C. been/fell D. fallen/fell 17. _________ turn on the MP3 too loud. It‘s bad for your ears. A. Do B. Don‘t C. Doesn‘t D. Does th18. The 18 World AIDS Day is set to make people ________ their best in the fight against AIDS. A. tried B. try C. trying D. tries 19. Al, together with two friends, ________ to Beijing for a holiday this summer. A. are going B. was going C. will be going D. is going 20. Ask him if the work _______ tomorrow. A. finish B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished 21. We ________ a physics lesson when the fire ________ out. A. are having/broke B. have/breaks C. had/broke D. were having/broke 22. The food and medicine must ________ at a low temperature. A. keep B. be kept C. keeping D. kept 23. By the end of last term, we ________ ten English songs. A. learned B. have learned C. had learned D. would learn 24. Oh, my God. I _________ my dictionary in the reading-room just now. A. forget B. forgot C. left D. leave 25. I don‘t know if he _________ tomorrow, if he ________, please call me. A. will come/comes B. comes/comes C. comes/will come D. will come/will come 26. A: What did your son say in the letter? B: He told me that he _______ the Disney World the next day. 13 A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 27. Since the rain _______, why not go shopping now? A. has stopped B. stopped C. is stopping D. stops 28. Jack told me that he ________ on a study trip to Australia the next month. A. will go B. goes C. has gone D. would go 29. She ________ Shanghai to attend an important conference in Japan the week after next. A. leaves B. left C. will leave D. has left 30. John can‘t join us in the game. He ________ the room. A. has cleaned B. is cleaning C. cleans D. was cleaning 非谓语 1. The teacher will show us __________ the computer. A. to use B. how to use C. used D. using 2. The students in our school are busy _________ our School Art Festival. A. to prepare B. to prepare for C. getting ready D. preparing for 3. Please tell the boys _________ football in the street. It is dangerous. A. don‘t play B. to not play C. not to play D. not play 4. How happy we are ________ each other in London! What a coincidence! A. seeing B. saw C. to see D. seen 5. It‘s important ________ part in sports and recreation. A. for us taking B. for us to take C. of us taking D. to us to take 6. Children always enjoy ________ picture -books. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 7. Oxford English makes my students _________ English more fluently than before. A. spoke B. speak C. speaking D. to speak 8. Dick would rather _________ a vocational school than a high school. A. enter B. entering C. to enter D. enter into 9. I got up very early this morning __________ late for watching the sun-rise. A. in order not to be B. in order to be not C. so that not to be D. so that to be not 10. The light is on. I see them _________ a slide show. A. watching B. looking C. reading D. seeing 11. Kitty would like me ________ a paper flower for her. A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 12. The young man is wondering __________ a digital camera. A. how to repair B. what to buy C. where to go D. how many to buy 13. You‘d better _________ quiet about this problem. A. not keep B. not to keep C. not keeping D. not kept 14. My father‘s hobby is __________ different kinds of coins. A. collect B. collects C. to collect D. will collect 15. I didn‘t catch what he said. He spoke __________ fast for me ________ follow. A. so/that B. such/that C. too/to D. enough/to 16. Would you please ________ the TV a bit? I am doing my homework. A. turn up B. turn off C. turn on D. turn down 17. Would you mind ________ me how to remember English words. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told 18. The Grade Six students got used ________ in the new school one month later. A. to study B. to studying C. study D. studying 19. Internet Bars mustn‘t let people under 18 in or let anybody ________ bad things. A. to watch B. watch C. watching D. watches 20. Would you ask her to sing a song for us? We‘d like to hear her ________ like LiYuchun. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings 句型转换 1. The weather in Qingdao is very nice. (改为反意疑问句) The weather in Qingdao is very nice, ________ ________? 2. You both get good marks in your exam. (改为否定句) ________ ________ ________ gets good marks in your exam. 3. They saw a UFO flying in the sky. (改为被动语态) 14 A UFO ________ ________ ________ in the sky. 4. You have sports every day. (改为反意疑问句) You have sports every day, ________ ________? 5. You must finish it right now. (改为否定句) You ________ ________ it right now. 6. My mother will come back in a few minutes. (就划线部分提问) ________ ________ will your mother come back? 7. You must send him to a hospital at once. (改为被动语态) He must ________ ________ to a hospital at once. 8. She got up early so that she could get there on time. (改为简单句) She got up early ________ ________ ________ get there on time. 9. You can‘t see the stars in the daytime. (改为被动语态) The stars can‘t ________ ________ in the daytime. 10. The workers didn‘t know what they should do next. (用不定式改写) The workers didn‘t know what ________ _________ next. 11. Mr. Li is ill. I‘ll attend the meeting instead. (合并成一句) ________ _________ Mr. Li‘s illness, I‘ll attend the meeting _________ _________ him. 12. Bob came to Shanghai half a year ago. (改为现在完成时态) Bob ________ ________ ________ Shanghai ________ half a year. 13. Mrs. Smith went to see the doctor once a month. (就划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ Mrs. Smith ________ to see the doctor? 14. John runs fastest in his class. (同义转换) _______ _________ can run as ________ as John in his class. 15. It took her two hours to do her homework. (同义转换) She ________ two hours ________ her homework. 16. He was so strong that he could lift the heavy box. (同义转换) He was strong ________ _______ lift the heavy box. 17. He went to bed after he had finished his homework. (同义转换) He _________ go to bed ________ he had finished his homework. 18. This book is not interesting. That book isn‘t interesting, either. (同义转换) _________ this book _________ that one is interesting. 19. Though I had done my best, I failed. (同义转换) I had done my best, ________ I failed. 20. Will you please go out for a walk with me? (同义转换) Let‘s go out for a walk, ________ _________? 21. Work hard , and you will pass the exam. (同义转换) ________ ________ work hard, you will pass the exam. 22. We clean the windows of our classroom once a week. (同义转换) The windows of our classroom ________ ________ once a week. 23. How beautiful the park is! (同义转换) ________ ________ beautiful park it is! 24. Do you mind my opening the window? (同义转换) Do you mind ________ I ________ the window? 25. It is three years since Jane came to Shanghai. (同义转换) Jane came to Shanghai three years ________. 26. I don‘t think Mary will go there with us. (改为反意疑问句) I don‘t think Mary will go there with us,________ _______? 第三讲 状语从句 (I). The adverbial clause of result: (a)The subjects are the same and the meaning is affirmative: e.g. The boy is very clever. He can work out the problem easily. (1) The boy is very clever so that he can work out the problem easily. (2) The boy is so clever that he can work out the problem easily. (3) He is such a clever boy that he can work out the problem easily. (4) The boy is clever enough to work out the problem easily. Now it’s your turn„ (1) She‘s very tall. She can reach the apple on the tree. (1)_____________________________________________________ 15 (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (2) He‘s very thin. He can climb through the small hole. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ (3) My grandma is very old. She can be retired now. (1) _____________________________________________________ (2)________________________________________________________ (3)________________________________________________________ (4)________________________________________________________ (4) Tom is very strong. He can lift the heavy box easily. (1) ________________________________________________________ (2)_________________________________________________________ (3)_________________________________________________________ (4) _________________________________________________________ 5)You are very brave. You can walk alone at night. ( (1)__________________________________________________________ (2)__________________________________________________________ (3)__________________________________________________________ (4)__________________________________________________________ (b) The subjects are different and the meaning is affirmative: e.g. The river is very narrow. We can swim across it. (1) The river is very narrow so that we can swim across it. (2) The river is so narrow that we can swim across it. (3) It is such a narrow river that we can swim across it. (4) The river is narrow enough for us to swim across / . Now it’s your turn„ (1) The box is very light. You can carry it for me. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (2) The room is very bright. The doctors can do the operation in it. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (3) The question is very easy. I can answer it. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (4) The words are very big. We can see them clearly. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (5) She speaks very loudly. I can hear her. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (c) The subjects are the same and the meaning is negative: e.g. The boy is very young. He can‘t go to school. (1) The boy is very young so that he can‘t go to school. (2) The boy is so young that he can‘t go to school. 16 (3) He is such a young boy that he can‘t go to school. (4) The boy is too young to go to school. (5) The boy is not old enough to go to school. Now it‘s your turn… (1) The man is very excited. He can‘t say a word. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (5)_____________________________________________________ The lady is very light. She can‘t give out her blood. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (5)_____________________________________________________ Mice run very slowly. They can‘t escape from cats. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (5)_____________________________________________________ trick. (4) The Trojans were very foolish. They didn‘t understand the Greeks’ (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (5)_____________________________________________________ Mike is very poor. He can‘t buy the house in the city centre. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (5)_____________________________________________________ (d) The subjects are different and the meaning is negative: e.g. The piano is very expensive. I can‘t afford it. (1)The piano is very expensive so that I can‘t afford it. (2) The piano is so expensive that I can‘t afford it. (3) It is such an expensive piano that I can‘t afford it. (4) The piano is too expensive for me to afford / . (5) The piano is not cheap enough for me to afford / . Now it’s your turn„ (1) Life was very hard. The people there couldn‘t bear it. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (5)_____________________________________________________ (2) The room is very small. We can‘t hold the meeting in it. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (5)_____________________________________________________ (3) The bag is very heavy. The girl can‘t move it. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ 17 (5)_____________________________________________________ (4) The test was very difficult. Jack couldn‘t pass it. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (5)_____________________________________________________ (5) The streets are very narrow. The buses can‘t go through them. (1)_____________________________________________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ (3)_____________________________________________________ (4)_____________________________________________________ (5)_____________________________________________________ Rewrite the following sentences: (1).The box is so small that I can‘t put the pen in it. The box is small for me put the pen in. (2).The water was so dirty that we couldn‘t drink it. The water was too dirty to drink. (3).The boy was too frightened to say a word. The boy was frightened he couldn‘t say a word. (4).Betty is too young to go to school. Betty is old to go to school. (5).The calculator is so small that it can fit into the pocket. The calculator is very small it can fit into the pocket. (6)The man is so kind that everyone here likes him. He is a kind man everyone here likes him. Choose the best answer: 1. The room is too dirty for me_______. A.to live B.live in C.to live in D.to live in it 2. They are____honest children____we always believe what they say. A.so„that B.such„that C.such a„that D. such an„that (II). The adverbial clause of condition: (a)含有if (如果)引导的条件状语从句的复合句: I will go to visit the Science Museum if it doesn‘t rain tomorrow. If it doesn‘t rain tomorrow, I will go to visit the Science Museum tomorrow. (b)含有unless (如果不)引导的条件状语从句的复合句: Unless it rains tomorrow, I will go to visit the Science Museum tomorrow. (c)含有if或unless引导的条件状语从句的复合句可以转化为含有and/then的并列句: If you work hard, you will pass the exam.==Work hard, and/then you will pass the exam. (d)含有if或unless引导的条件状语从句的复合句可以转化为含有or的并列句: If you work hard, you will pass the exam.==Work hard, or you will fail to pass the exam. (e)条件状语从句如果是一般将来是要用一般现在时代替。 She will attend the meeting if she__________(be)free tonight. (f) 条件状语从句如果是过去将来是要用一般过去时代替。 She said that she would attend the meeting if she__________(be)free tonight. (g) 注意if的不同含义和在句中的作用: Could you tell me if it__________(rain) this evening. (if-- , 从句) I won‘t go there if it___________(rain) this evening. (if-- , 从句) Now it‘s your turn… Rewrite the following sentences: If you don‘t go to bed at once, you can‘t get up early tomorrow. Go to bed at once,_____ you ______ get up early tomorrow. 2. Start at once, and you can catch the early bus. _____ _____don‘t start at once, you can‘t catch the early bus. 3. Get away from the fire, or you will get burnt. Get away from the fire,______ you _______get burnt. 4. Unless it rains next Wednesday, she will go there with me. _____ it _____rain next Wednesday, she will go there with me. Choose the best answer: 18 1.( ) If you _____ in your homework next Monday, the teacher ______ angry. A.won‘t hand/will be B.won‘t hand/is C。don‘t hand/will be D.don‘t hand/is 2.( ) Be on time to attend the class,______you _______ what our teacher will say. Which is wrong? A.or/won‘t catch B.or/will miss C.and/will miss D.and/won‘t miss 3.( ) I‘ll go to the railway station to meet her if she______(come) tomorrow. A.will come B.is coming C.come D.comes 4.( ) Jack told me that he would do it at once if he_________(ask)to. A.will ask B.would ask c.asked D.was asked 5.( ) I wondered if she________the work in time next month. A.finish B. finished C.will finish D.would finish (III). The adverbial clause of purpose: (a) 含有so that或in order that (以便/为得是)引导的目的状语从句的复合句: He got up very early this morning. He wanted to catch the early train. ==He got up very early this morning_____ ______he could catch the early train. ==He got up very early this morning_____ ______ _____he could catch the early train. (b) 此类复合句可以转化为含有in order to do /so as to do / to do的简单句，但是so as to引导的目的状语不 能放于句首: ==He got up very early this morning____ _____ _____catch the early train. ==He got up very early this morning____ catch the early train. ==____ _____ ______catch the early train, he got up early this morning. *注意so that的两种不同含义。 Now it‘s your turn… Rewrite the following sentences: The children piled the snow there. They wanted to make a snowman. 1.___________________________________________________________ 2.___________________________________________________________ 3.___________________________________________________________ 4.___________________________________________________________ 5.___________________________________________________________ 6.___________________________________________________________ (IV). The adverbial clause of cause: (a)原因状语从句由because / as / since和now that引导。 (b)回答why问句必须用because回答。 Why were you late for the meeting this morning? ________I got up late this morning. (c)Now that(既然)一般放于句首，相当于as或since. Since everyone is here ,let‘s begin our meeting. _____ _____ everyone is here ,let‘s begin our meeting. (d)含有原因状语从句的复合句可以转化为含有for的并列句。但for不能放于句首。 Get down on your knees, _____I‘m going to kill you. (e)原因状语从句可以转化为含有because of的短语，使复合句变为简单句。 He couldn‘t go there at the moment because the weather was very bad. He couldn‘t go there at the moment _________ _____ the bad weather. (f) because 和so不能用于同一个句子中: _______t(T)he weather is fine , so I am going to have a walk in the park. a. Because b. Since c. As d. / Now it‘s your turn… Choose the best answer: 1.( ) _____ it is raining heavily,I can‘t go out to play with you. Which is not right? A.Because B.As C.Since D.For 2.( ) Now that nobody can answer the question, let‘s discuss it right now. A.As B.Because C.For D.Because of 3.( ) --Why does she look so upset? ---_______she hasn‘t worked out the problem. A.As B.Now that C.Because D.Since (V). The adverbial clause of consession: (a) 让步状语从句由though/although(虽然)引导。 Though it is very late at night, he is still busy doing his lessons. (b) 让步状语从句可以转化为but引导的并列句。 == It is very late at night,_______ he is still busy doing his lessons. 19 注意: though (although ) 和but不能同时出现于同一句子中。 Now it‘s your turn… Rewrite the following sentences: He failed in the exam. He didn‘t give up.(合并句子) ________he failed in the exam, he didn‘t give up. He failed in the exam, _____he didn‘t give up. (VI). The adverbial clause of time: (a)时间状语从句由when,as,while,as soon as,before,after,until等引导。 When I was having supper yesterday evening, the telephone rang. (b) 时间状语从句如果是一般将来是要用一般现在时代替。 She will give us a talk as soon as she__________(have) time next week. (c) 时间状语从句如果是过去将来是要用一般过去时代替。 She said that she would write the report after the information_______(send) to her by the manager. (d) 注意when的不同含义和在句中的作用: Please tell me when she______(come) back to Shanghai. (when--- , 从句) I will tell her about it when she_____(come) back to Shanghai. (when-- , 状语从句) (e) 两个紧接发生的过去动作，由于已经由when/after/before/until/as soon as等说明了前后的时间关系，所 以先发生的动作可用一般过去时代替过去过去完成时。 As soon as the teacher_______(come) into the classroom, the students ______(stop) talking at once. (f)until短语表达的是一段时间，所以肯定句中不能用瞬间动词。 She left the room until her parents came back. (Wrong) She was away from her home until her parents came back. (Right) Now it‘s your turn… Choose the best answer: 1.( ) Mary will tell you the truth when you________angry. A.are B.will be C。aren‘t D.won‘t be 2.( ) She said that she would be happy when she______his favourite high school. A.enter B.will enter C.would enter D.entered 3.( ) She will_________the book until next weekend. A.lend me B.borrow C.keep D.buy (VII). The adverbial clause of place: 地点状语从句由where,wherever等引导。 You can go wherever you want. You can find the book where she often goes. (VIII).The adverbial clause of comparasion: (A)The functions of the adjectives and the adverbs: (a) The functions of the adjectives: (1 ) They are used as attributives to modify the nouns and pronouns: e.g. red flag wonderful film exciting concerts warm-hearted lady nothing serious everything important (2) They are put after the link verbs as predicatives: e.g. I felt unhappy when I heard the bad news. (3) They are used as the object complements: e.g. I find it difficult to learn English well. P.S. Link verbs are divided into two parts: (1) To express ―change‖: get=become=grow(变得),turn(变成). e.g. After hearing this, his face turned red. When spring comes, it gets warm. (2) To express ―state‖: be(是),look(看上去),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来) feel(觉得),seem(好象),keep(保持),fall(陷于),stay(处于……状态) e.g. He always stays healthy because of his morning exercises every day. She often falls asleep in the maths class. (b) The functions of the adverbs: (1) They are used to modify verbs: e.g. She smiled happily when she saw me yesterday. (2) They are used to modify adjectives: e.g. She felt rather tired after working hard for a whole day. (3) They are used to modify adverbs: e.g. Jack jumped high enough to touch the apple on the tree. 20 (4) They are used to modify the whole sentences: Unluckily , she failed to pass the final exam last week. (B)不规则形容词和副词比较级和最高级: good better best well better best many more most much more most bad worse worst badly worse worst ill worse worst little less least far farther farthest (距离远近) old older oldest(表示年龄和新旧) further furthest (引申意义) elder eldest (表示辈份) e.g. She will go broad for his further study in English. She‘s my elder sister. (C)规则形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成: (a)单音节词和部分词形较短的形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成: (I)一般在词尾加—er/est: smaller smallest , cleverer cleverest (II) e结尾的加—r/st: nicer nicest , finer finest (III) y结尾的，变y为i , 再加er/est: healthy—healthier—healthiest funny—funnier—funniest lovely—lovelier—loveliest lively—livelier--liveliest (IV) 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写尾字母，加er/est: thinner thinnest fatter/fattest (b) 多音节词、派生词(形?副)和部分词形较长的双音节词，在词首加more/most: slowly—more slowly—most slowly wonderful—more wonderful—most wonderful foolish—more foolish—most foolish (D) 形容词转化为副词的方法: (a) 一般加 --ly: slowly quickly fluently beautifully wonderfully hurriedly nicely (b) y结尾的，去y加 --ily: happy ---happily healthy---healthily (c) ble结尾的，变成bly: impossible---impossibly terrible---terribly probable---probably (d) true---truly (e) 特殊情况:good—well fast---fast enough---enough early---early high—high close—close straight (E) 形容词和副词原级、比较级和最高级的使用: (a) 表示同等的比较: (I)as +原级 +as +主格 Tom is as tall as she( is). Mary got up as early as I (did)/me this morning. (II) the same +名词 + as + 主格: Jane is as old as she. ==Jane is the same age as she. heavy(light)---weight tall/high(short)---height big/large(small)---size long---length wide---width deep--depth (b) 表示双方有差异的比较: (I)比较级 + than + 主格:Our classroom is brighter than theirs. (II) prefer A to B(比起B更喜欢A): She prefers English to Chinese. ==She likes English better than Chinese. (III) not as /so + 原级 + as + 主格: They don‘t study as hard as we (do).==We study harder than they (do). (IV) far /much /even /still /by far +比较级 (……的多) a bit /a little + 比较级 (稍微……) 具体数量 +比较级 (1) I‘m much taller than he. (2) Tom is five years old and his sister is eight years old.==Tom is three years younger than his sister. (3) This book is a bit more difficult than that one. (V) 比较级 and 比较级 (越来越。。。。。。) colder and colder ; more and more exciting (VI) less +原级 + than + 主格: This film isn‘t as interesting as that one.==This film is less interesting than that one. (VII) the +比较级，the +比较级 (越。。。。。。越。。。。。。) Please send this parcel to your class teacher , the sooner , the better. (VIII) 必须是同等的事物才能相比: In winter the weather in Shanghai is warmer than that in Xingjiang. (c) 比较级和最高级的转化: (I) 不同类用in;同类用of: Tom gets to school the earliest in his class . Tom gets to school the earliest of the three. (II) 比较级和最高级的转化: Tom gets to school the earliest in his class . ==Tom gets to school earlier than any other student in his class. 21 ==Tom gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class. ==Nobody else in his class gets to school as early as Tom. (III) 注意:She is the more careful of the two. She is the most careful of the three. Exercise:Change the following as require: 1. The water is so dirty that we can‘t drink it.(改为简单句) The water is_______dirty for us______drink. 2. The poor girl was so fortunate that she gained many books from Project Hope.(同意转换) The poor girl was_____ ______to gain many books from Project Hope. 3. The words on the notice board are very small. I can‘t see them clearly.(合并句子) The words on the notice board are_____small _____ I can‘t see them clearly. 4. Betty likes taking a bus to work and she likes taking an underground to work better. (同意转换) Betty _____taking an underground _____taking a bus to work. 5. Put on your coat, or you‘ll catch a cold.(同意转换) _______ you ______put on your coat, you‘ll catch a cold. 6. He speaks English the most fluently in his class. (同意转换) _______ ______in his class speaks English as fluently as he. 7. Mrs Smith prefers milk to coffee. (同意转换) Mrs Smith likes milk ______ ______ coffee. 8. The problem is very hard. Nobody can work it out. (同意转换) The problem is too hard ______ ______to work out. 9. I won‘t speak to Mike if he doesn‘t say sorry to me. (同意转换) I won‘t speak to Mike _____ she _______to me. 10.Jack earns only a little money,but he is a happy man. (同意转换) ________ Jack earns only a little money, he is a happy man. 11. Little Tom went to bed after his mother came back. (同意转换) Little Tom _______ go to bed ______his mother came back. 12. Since you are very busy at the moment, I will go to the meeting instead of you. (同意转换) ______ _______ you are very busy at the moment, I will go to the meeting instead of you. 13.They won‘t go outing tomorrow because it will rain heavily. (同意转换) They won‘t go outing tomorrow _______ ______the heavy rain. 14. You‘ll have to get up early tomorrow so that you can catch the early bus. (同意转换) You‘ll have to get up early tomorrow in_______ ______ to miss the early bus. ( )15. I didn‘t go to bed_______ I finished all of the homework. A.after B.before C.when D.until ( )16. A:I‘m going to the post office. B:____you‘re there,can you get me some stamps? A.As B.While C.Because D.If ( )17. I was happier _______I had been in my life. A.when B.if C.because D.than ( )18. _______you‘ve got a chance,you may make full use of it. A.Now that B.After C.Although D.As soon as ( )19.The bag of rice is not light enough for me_________. A.to carry B.to carry it C.carrying D.carrying it ( )20. He made ______rapid progress______soon he began to write articles for an American newspaper. A.so…that B.such…that C.as…as D.such a…that ( )21.He promised he would go there with me if his lessons_______doing before 7:00 tonight. A.will finish B.would finish C.are finished D.were finished ( )22. He wants to know if Mary______to the cinema this coming Saturday if it________. A.will go…will rain B.will go…rains C.goes…will rain D.goes…rains 第四讲 宾语从句 (I)概念:句子充当动词或介词的宾语叫宾语从句。 e.g. He always believes her words. (简单句) He always believes what she says to him. (复合句) I think so. (简单句) I think that our dream will come true some day. (复合句) (II) 结构: (A) 宾语从句是陈述句(肯定句和否定句)，用that引导，that可以省略。主句谓语动词 不用say to，而用tell代替。 e.g. English is not difficult to learn. Miss Smith often says to me. 22 ? Miss Smith often_______me_______ English is not difficult to learn. (B) 宾语从句是一般疑问句，用if或whether引导，加陈述句(肯定句和否定句)语序。主句谓语动词不 用say to，而用ask代替。(有or或or not选项时，用whether) e.g. Does your mother watch TV in the evening? She says to you. ? She_______you_______ your mother _________ TV in the evening. Are you busy these days? Could you tell me? ? Could you tell me_______ ______ _______ busy these days? (C) 宾语从句是特殊疑问句，不用that ,if或whether引导，语序为:特殊陈述词或词组加陈述句(肯定句 和否定句)语序。(特殊陈述词或词组在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变)主句谓语动词不用say to，而用 ask代替。 e.g. Where did you go last night? Please tell me. ? Please tell me _______ _______ _______last night. Who is in charge of your class? She says to you. ?She ________ you _____ _____ in charge of your class. (III) 注意点: (A)主句谓语动词如果是一般过去时，则宾语从句也要用相应的某种过去时。 (a)I will watch TV tonight. I said to you. ? I _______you that I_______watch TV tonight. (b) Are you often late for school? She said to you. ? She_____you if you______often late for school. (c) What are you doing? She wanted to know. ? She wanted to know what ______ ______doing. (d) Where have your parents been? I said to you. ?I_______you where your parents______been. (B) 含有特殊疑问句做宾语从句的复合句可以转化成含有特殊疑问词 +to do的简单句。 e.g. I don‘t know what I should do next. ==I don‘t know what to do next. Now it is your turn… 1. I don‘t know when to leave for Japan. (句意不变) I don‘t know when _____ _______leave for Japan. 2. The students asked when they would have their holidays. (句意不变) The students asked ______ _____have their holidays. ( )3. John asked Linda_____the performances A.how she like B.how does she like C.how she liked D.how did she like ( )4. Dad said_____heavily when he left home this morning. A.it rained B.it had rained C.it was raining D.it is raining ( )5. Mary said that she ______the Great Wall before. A.has gone to B.had gone to C.has been to D.had been to ( )6. We don‘t know if the building_____by the end of last month. A.was built B.built C.had built D.had been built IV. 宾语从句综合练习: (I)从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空: 1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you( A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come 3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _________. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _________ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _________? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 23 9. The small children don't know _________. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10. I can't understand _________. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means (II). 按要求转换句型: 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?(改写句子) Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China? 2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.(变为复合句) He asked me _________ the girl _________ any help( 3. When does the train leave? I want to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) I want to know _________ the train _________. 4. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not(((until改写) They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework( 6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday. 第五讲 直接引语和间接引语 一、概念: (一)交际中,我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称作直接引语: He said , ―I will choose a book for my students.‖ (二)间接地引述别人的话称为间接引语: He said that he would choose a book for his students. 二、直接引语转化为间接引语的方法: (一)主句是一般过去时，直接引语转化为间接引语时，从句的时态应用相应的某种过去时: 1( Mr Black said , ―I often get up early.‖ ??Mr Black said that he often got up early. ,(Mr Black said , ―I am reading.‖ ??Mr Black said that he was reading. ,(Mr Black said , ―I have already done it.‖ ??Mr Black said that he had already done it. ,(Mr Black said , ―I will do it soon.‖ ??Mr Black said that he would do it soon. ,(Mr Black said , ―I did it just now.‖ ??Mr Black said that he had done it just then. 但是当直接引语是客观真理, 直接引语转化为间接引语时，时态不变: The teacher said , ―Light travels much faster than sound.‖ ?? The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. 当直接引语有表示过去的具体年份, 直接引语转化为间接引语时，仍用一般过去时: He said , ―The bridge was built in 2009.‖ ?? He said that the bridge was built in 2009. (二)直接引语转化为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和少量动词也要作相应变化: 直接引语中 间接引语中 come go here there this that these those now then today that day tonight that night tomorrow the next day next week / month… the next week / month... yesterday the day before last week / year… the week / year…before three days / two hours…ago three days / two hours…before 当地转述here不必改成there，come不必改成go，当天转述时间状语不必变化: A:I will come here tomorrow( B:What did you say? A:I said that I would come here tomorrow( (三)直接引语转化为间接引语时，从句的人称有时也要作相应变化: ―I will come here to see you.‖ The girl said to Tom. ??The girl told Tom that she would go there to see him. (四)直接引语转化为间接引语时，从句的结构如下: 24 1(当直接引语是陈述句(肯定句和否定句)时，用that引导 + 陈述句，that可以省略，主句谓语不用say to， 而用tell代替: ―I will come here to see you.‖ The girl said to Tom. ??The girl told Tom (that ) she would go there to see him. ,(当直接引语是一般疑问句时，用if / whether引导 + 陈述句，主句谓语不用say / say to，而用wonder / ask 代替: He said , ―Are you a maths teacher , Mrs Smith?‖ ??He asked Mrs Smith if / whether she was a maths teacher. ,(当直接引语是选择疑问句时，用whether引导 + 陈述句 + or…/ or not，主句谓语不用say / say to，而用 wonder / ask代替: She said , ―Is he leaving today or tomorrow?‖ ??She wondered whether he was leaving that day or the next day. ,(当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词(词组) + 陈述句语序，主句谓语不用say / say to，而用wonder / ask 代替: He said , ―How many students are there in this school ,Tom?‖ ??He asked Tom how many students there were in that school. 5(当直接引语是祈使句时，谓语动词要根据不同的语气和人际关系，选用如下结构之一: beg / ask / tell / order + sb. + (not) to do The teacher said , ―Stop writing , children!‖ ??The teacher told the children to stop writing. (五)某些特殊句型的结构变化: ,(当直接引语为请求、劝告或建议的问句，并非询问某一事实是否属实，那么应用适当的结构把原意准确地 转述: He said , ―Would you do me a favour?‖ ??He asked me to do him a favour. He said , ―Why don‘t you ask him for him?‖ ??He advised me to ask him for help. He said , ―Let‘s go to see him after school , shall we?‖ ??He suggested going to see him after school. He said , ―Shall I carry the plates for you?‖ ??He offered to carry the plates for me. 2(感叹句转化为间接引语时可以改为say / remark + how / what引导的句子或that引导的句子: He said , ―How happy I am today!‖ ??He remarked how happy he was that day. ??He remarked that he was happy that day. 也可以用词组来表示: ―Good luck!‖ he said to me. ??He wished me good luck. ―Help!‖ he shouted. ??He called for help. ―Fire!‖ he cried. ??He warned us of the fire. 三、直接引语转化为间接引语的练习: (一)将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词: 1. ―I never eat meat.‖ he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2. ―I‘ve found my wallet.‖ he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet. 3. ―I took it home with me.‖ she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her. 4. The teacher said, ―The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.‖ The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. 5. ―I met her yesterday.‖ he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ met her the day ______. 6. ―You must come here before five.‖ he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 7. ―I bought the house 10 years ago.‖ he said. He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______. 8. ―Did you see her last week?‖ he said. He ______ me______ I had seen her the week _______. 9. He said, ―You can sit here, Jim.‖ He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there 10. He asked, ―How did you find it, mother?‖ He asked his mother ______ ______ ______ found it. 11. ―Where have you been these days?‖ he asked. He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12. ―Do you know where she lives?‖ he asked. He asked me______ ______ knew where she ______. 25 13. ―Stop making so much noise, children.‖ he said. He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise. 14. ―Don‘t tell him the news.‖ she said. She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news. 15. ―Are you intested in this?‖ he said. He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______. (二)将所给直接引语变为间接引语: 1(He said: ―I‘ve left my book in my room.‖ ____________________________________________ 2(She said: ―He will be busy.‖ ____________________________________________ 3(She said to Tom, ―Can you help me?‖ ____________________________________________ 4(She asked, ―Is this book yours or Mary‘s , Jack?‖ ____________________________________________ 5(The teacher asked, ―how did you repair it , Jones?‖ ____________________________________________ 6(The teacher said to the students, ―Don‘t waste your time.‖ __________________________________________________ 7(The mother said, ―Tom, get up early, please.‖ ____________________________________________ 8(The teacher said, ―The earth goes round the sun.‖ ____________________________________________ 9(My father said, ―Practice makes perfect.‖ ____________________________________________ 10(The boy said to us, ― I usually get up at six every day.‖ ____________________________________________ 11(He said, ―We are still students.‖ ____________________________________________ 12(He said to me, ―I was born in 1978. ____________________________________________ 13(The engineer said, ―I was at college in 1967.‖ ____________________________________________ 14(He said, ―I have studied English since I was a boy.‖ ____________________________________________ 15(She said, ―I read the book while I was waiting for a bus. ____________________________________________ 16(Mr. Green said to them, ―Jane told me all about her story when she asked for a job.‖ ____________________________________________________________________ 17(He said, ―We insisted that she start immediately. ____________________________________________ 18(She said, ―He demanded that the girl leave at once.‖ ____________________________________________ 19(I said to him, ―I have finished it.‖ ____________________________________________ 20(She said to us,― I‘ll come here tomorrow.‖ ____________________________________________ 21(―Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?‖ the young man asked. _______________________________________________________________ 22(―I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,‖ the little boy said happily. _______________________________________________________________________ 23(―Light travels faster than sound,‖ the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. __________________________________________________________________ 24(―Will you go to the concert with me this evening?‖ Mary asked me. __________________________________________________________ 25(―What did you do here yesterday?‖ the old man asked my brother. __________________________________________________________ 第六讲 定语从句 一、定语从句的概念:用做定语修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 I like the book,that I borrowed from you yesterday, very much. The boy ,who is often late for school, is really very tiring. 二、定语从句的特征: (一)定语从句放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。被修饰的名词或代词称作先行词。 I have lost the watch ,which was given by my parents as my birthday present last week,. The lady,who is standing behind you,is our new class teacher. (二)定语从句由一定的连接词引导，称为关系代词 (如:which，that，who，whom，whose) 或关系副词 (如:when，where，why)。关系代词或关系副词连接主句和从句，同时本身又在从句中充当某一 成分，如:主语、宾语、定语或状语。 e.g. The flowers which I grew in the garden last month will bloom soon. (宾语) The man who telephoned me just now is a writer. (主语) 三、定语从句的分类: (一)限制性定语从句:对先行词进行限制和确定，如果去掉，主句的意义就会变得不明确。限制性定语 从句前后没有逗号。 26 e.g. This is a shop that sells personal computers. (主语) The watch that I bought yesterday works well. (宾语) (二)非限制性定语从句:与先行词之间只有松散的关系，对先行词起说明、描绘的作用，如果去掉，不 影响主句的意义。非限制性定语从句前后用逗号与主句分开。 e.g. Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a great writer. (定语) Your paintings , which everyone admires , are really beautiful. (宾语) 四、关系代词的选择: (一) 充当主语的关系代词: 1(关系代词在限制性定语从句中做主语:who用于指人，which用于指物，that既可以指人也可以指物: e.g. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. (主语----人) The bank which / that was opened last week is a very modern one. (主语----物) 2(关系代词在非限制性定语从句中做主语:只能用who指人，which指物，不能用that: e.g. The island , which is at the mouth of the river , is being developed as a scenic spot. (主语---物) My son , who is a doctor , is visiting Sweden now. (主语----人) (二) 充当宾语的关系代词: 1(关系代词在限制性定语从句中做谓语的宾语，who / whom 用于指人，which用于指物，that既可以指 人也可以指物，在非正式文体中可以省略关系代词: e.g. The suit (which / that) the tailor made for me doesn‘t fit me. (宾语---物) (who / whom / that) I called just now is my sister. (宾语---人) The girl 2(关系代词在非限制性定语从句中做宾语:只能用who / whom指人，which指物，不能用that，也不能 省略: e.g. The town , which thousands of travellers visit every year , is known for its stone bridges and small rivers. (宾语---物) Mr Baker , who / whom the teachers and students respect , has completed 40 years of teaching. (三)充当介词宾语的关系代词: 1(关系代词在限制性和非限制性定语从句中做介词的宾语，即:介词+关系代词，whom 用于指人，which 用于指物，不能用that: e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster. (介词宾语---人) Mrs Black , with whom you shook hands just now , is our headmaster. (介词宾语---人) The room in which my family live used to be a workshop. (介词宾语---物) The house , in which my family live now , was left by my grandfather. 2(注意根据句子意思选择结构上需要、意义正确的介词: e.g. Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner. (介词宾语---物) My sister , with whom I went to the concert last night , will leave soon. (介词宾语---人) th The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17 century. (介词宾语---物) The students , most of whom are from the north , are not used to the weather in Shanghai. (介词宾语---人) The wood , of which the furniture is made , is very hard. (介词宾语---物) 3( 在限制性定语从句中如果介词放在句末，关系代词仍可用who / whom，which或that，也可以省略: e.g. This is the book (which / that) I talked about yesterday. (介词宾语---物) He is the teacher (who / whom / that) we are waiting for. 如果定语从句谓语动词为介词动词，那么介词必须后置，不能与动词拆开置于关系代词之前: e.g. He is the man ( who / whom / that ) we often laugh at. (介词宾语---人) (四) 常用that作关系代词的几种情况: 1(先行词前含有形容词最高级、序数词或only作修饰语: e.g. This is the best film that has ever been made. (主语----物) The first place ( that ) we visited was the Great Wall. (宾语----物) The only furniture ( that ) he had in the room was a bed and a small desk. (宾语----物) 2( 先行词为不定代词如 all(指物)，anything，nothing，little，much等: e.g. That‘s all (that) I want to say. (宾语----物) Is there anything (that) I can do for you? (宾语----物) 3(先行词为人和物的名词词组: e.g. They talked of person and things (that) they remembered in the school. (宾语----人和 物) 4(先行词为特殊疑问词:(定语----人) e.g. Who that has seen the TV film doesn‘t admire it. 注意:若先行词本身是that时，一般用which引导定语从句: What‘s that which was mentioned at the meeting yesterday? (主语----物) (五) 充当名词修饰语的关系代词: ,(在限制性定语从句中whose +名词作主语或宾语，在这个结构中whose对名词起限定特指作用: 27 e.g. The hero whose left leg was lost in the war is well looked after. (定语----人) Granny Wang , whose eldest son died in the earthquake , lives next to my house. (定语----人) ,(whose +名词的先行词也可以是物或抽象名词，此时可以和of which结构互换: e.g. Maple trees whose leaves had turned red were everywhere on the hill. the leaves of which of which the leaves ,(在非限制性定语从句中of which / whom常用于基数词或some，most，all，none，either，neither等 词之后，而不用whose: These books , two of which I have read , are interesting. The teachers speak highly of the set of workbooks , all of which have come out. The audience , most of whom were college students , enjoyed the concert. (六) 修饰整个主句的关系代词: ,(在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词可以修饰前面整个主句: e.g. They did rather badly in the maths exam , which was not what I had expected. (主语----主句) ,(as 也可以做关系代词修饰整个主句，两者用法有时可以互换: He is a teacher , as / which is clear from his manner. (主语----主句) She was frightened , as / which I could see from her eyes. (宾语----主句) ,(当定语从句中有know，report，announce等词时，必须用as: the criminal has been caught. As is reported in the newspaper , As is knowledge to all , the Changjiang River is the longest in China. ,(置于句首的关系代词,通常都是as，不能用which: As we all know，fresh water is important on the earth. 5(若先行词中有the same，such作修饰语，通常用as作关系代词: They stayed for the night in the same room as / that they had once rented. (宾语----物) He used such words as he could find in the texts. (宾语----物) 五、关系副词when，where，why的用法: (一)when和where可以用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，why只能用于限制性定语从句。它们分别作时 间地点和原因状语，其结构相当于介词 + 关系代词: I still remember the day when / on which we first met. (时间状语----物) The year 2010 , when / in which the Expo is being held in Shanghai , will be remembered by us all for ever. (时间状语----物) The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line. (地点状语----物) The city of Pisa , where / in which Galileo made his famous experiment of falling objects , is now a tourist city. (地点状语----物) This is the reason why / for which he left the company. (原因状语----物) 试比较: I like to take my holiday in the mountain , which is quiet and beautiful. (主语----物) , where there are many plants. (地点状语----物) We will never forget the day which we spent together. (宾语----物) when / on which we worked. (时间状语从句----物) That is the reason which he gave us for his action. (宾语----物) why / for which he did that thing. (原因状语----物) 六、嵌入式定语从句: 有一种定语从句，它既修饰先行词，同时又作为另一分句结构的宾语。这样，定语从句嵌入另一结构 中，称为嵌入式定语从句: She is a top student , who they say has won five prizes in the maths contest. (主语----人) 句中who has won five prizes in the maths contest作为定语从句修饰top student。who has won five prizes in the maths contest又可视作they say的宾语。they say 类似插入语，如果去掉，并不影响句子的完整。 e.g. I have an idea which I’m sure will interest you. (主语----物) We will have a new science teacher , who I know has just returned from Britain. (主语----物) We were happy to see the singer who she said was well-known in western countries. (主语----人) There are some diseases which I think are caused by pollution. (主语----物) He read a poem which we thought was written by a poet in the Qin Dinasty. (主语----物) I was introduced to a writer whom they said many school students admired. (宾语----物) 七、定语从句的练习: 从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。 1(Those _____ not only from books but also through practice will succeed( A( learn B( who C( that D( who learn 2(Anyone _____ this opinion may speak out( 28 A(that againsts B(that against C(who is against D(who are against 3(Mr Smith is one of the foreign experts who _____ in China( A(works B(is working C(are working D( has been working 4(Didn‘t you see the man _____? A(I nodded just now B(whom I nodded just now C(I nodded to him just now D(I nodded to just now 5(Have you seen the girl _____? A(that I told B(I told you of C(whom I told you D(I told you of him 6(In the dark street，there wasn‘t a single person _____ she could turn for help( A(that B(who C(from whom D(to whom 7(Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day? A(that you talked B(you talked about it C(which you talked with D(you talked about 8(The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled( A(that B(what C(why D(for which 9( They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school( A(which B(that C(who D(whom 10(Who _____ has common sense will do such a thing? A(which B(who C(whom D(that All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs( 11( A(that B(those C(which D(what 12(I‘ll tell you _____ he told me last week( A(all which B(what all C(that all D(all 13(This is the biggest laboratory _____ we have ever built in our school( A(which B(what C(where D(/ 14(Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn? A(that B(/ C(which D(it 15(Is there anything _____ to you? A(that is belonged B(that belongs C(that belong D(which belongs 16(His parents wouldn‘t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor( A(that B(which C(who‘s D(whose 17(Please pass me the dictionary _____ cover is black( A(which B(which of C(its D(whose 18(He is the only one of the boys who _____ the piano well( A(plays B(play C(playing D(are playing 19(He asked me _____ I needed( A(that B(which C(what D(/ 20(That scientist _____ work is successful has been made a model worker( A(which B(who C(who‘s D(whose 21(Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day? A(that B(where C(in which D(the one 22(Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A(that B(where C(in which D(the one 23(—How do you like the book? —It‘s quite different from _____ I read last month( A(that B(which C(the one D(the one what 24(The train _____ she was traveling was late( A(which B(where C(on which D(in that 25(Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round( A(which B(where C(that D(about which 26(It‘s the third time _____ late this month( A(that you arrived B(when you arrived C(that you‘ve arrived D(when you‘ve arrived 27(He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies( A(whom B(who C(when D(because 28(I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing( A(as B(that C(which D(than 29(He is not _____ a fool _____( A(such / as he is looked B(such / as he looks C(as / as he is looked D(so / as he looks 30(I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker( A(who B(what C(which D(whom 31(My father has made me _____ I am( 29 A(who B(which C(what D(that 32(He is my son， _____ a better son does not exist( A(but B(than who C(against whom D(than whom 33(Wrestling is a sport _____ you try to get the other person down on the floor( A(that B(where C(which D(in which 34(It was in the lab _____ was taken charge of by Prof( Harris _____ they did the experiment( A(which;that B(that;where C(whom;that D(which;where 35(Your shoes are _____( A(where they were B(the place you put C(in the corner that you put D(there where they are 第七讲 反意疑问句 一、反意疑问句的结构: (一)前肯后否式: Jones works as a techer , doesn‘t he? They have been there for three years , haven‘t they? (二)前否后肯式: Tomas isn‘t busy these years , is he? 二、反意疑问句的注意点: (一)如果反意疑问句的陈述部分含有否定意义的词如:few little never seldom hardly rarely nothing等，附加疑问部分仍用肯定形式: There were few cars in the parking-lot,______ _______? Jones can hardly speak Chinese,_______ _______? 但若陈述部分含有否定前缀如:impossible incorrect dishonest dislike unknown unlike unusual unhealthy等派生词，仍作为肯定结构，附加疑问部分用否定形式: It is impossible for you to finish the homework today，_______ ________? (二)作为实义动词的have need dare，其反意疑问句附加疑问部分动词用do的相应形式: They had a good time that night，_______ _______? Joan often has colds in winter,______ _______? Jane doesn‘t need to stay up so late,_____ _____? She need not stay up so late,_____ ______? He doesn‘t dare to leave alone,______ _______? He daren‘t leave alone,________ _______? (三) 陈述部分含have to / had to ,附加疑问部分用助动词do / did;而have got to，附加疑问部分用have的 适当形式。 They have to walk there，_______ ________? They have got to walk there,_______ _______? (四) 陈述部分含情态动词ought to，附加疑问部分有两种形式:oughtn‘t / shouldn‘t They ought to be given some help，_______ _______? They ought to be given some help，_______ _______? (五) 陈述部分含must表示“必须”，附加疑问部分用mustn‘t: He must copy the text again，_______ _______? 但若陈述部分含must表示推测意义“必定”，则附加疑问部分应根据陈述部分不定式结构用相应的 助动词或主动词: She must be sleepy,______ _______? He must have finished the job already,______ _______? They must have gone there last night,______ ________? (六) 陈述部分主语为不定代词someone everyone = everybody nobody = no one等，附加疑问部分人称 通常用they，也可以用he: Everyone knows the boy，______ ______? Everyone knows the boy，______ ______? No one was fond of that form of art,_______ _______? No one was fond of that form of art,_______ _______? (七) 主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问部分助动词和人称应和主句的人称和谓语动词保持一致: It is the first time that he has been here，______ ______? You said he wouldn‘t come, ________ _________? They believed that their conclusion was right,______ ______? 但是若宾语从句的主句是“I(We) think / suppose / believe”等表示说话人看法，那么反意疑问句的 附加疑问部分的助动词和人称应和宾语从句一致，而肯定还是否定和主句相反: I believe they have known about it，_______ _________? 30 I don‘t think he is wrong , _______ _________? (八) 特殊句型: 1. I am an excellent teacher , ______ ________? 2. Let‘s go there together , _______ ________? 3. Let us go there together , _______ _________? 4. Pease help me with my maths this evening , ______ ________? 三、 反意疑问句练习: (一).完成下列反意疑问句, 一空一词: 1.We must go at once, _______ ________? 2.My uncle used to smoke, _______ _______? 3.She must be a music lover, _______ ________? 4.You need to have a good dictionary, ________ _________? 5.Let us do the jobs ourselves, _______ _______? 6.There used to be an old stone bridge across the river, ________ ________? 7.Please turn down the radio, ________ _________? 8.There were few people there, ________ _________? 9.If anybody comes here, he will be welcome, _______ _________? 10.You must have seen her yesterday, _______ _________? 11.I think he is right , _______ _________? 12.I don‘t think you're seriously ill , _______ _________? 13.I don‘t suppose they will be back soon , _______ _________? 14.Don‘t do such a job , _______ _________? 15.You needn‘t do that when your daughter is here , _______ _________? 16.What you need is more practice , _______ _________? 17.He says that it is really true , _______ _________? 18.He dared to ask the teacher many questions , _______ _________? 19.That is an honest girl , _______ _________? 20.Tom hasn‘t much time to spare , _______ _________? (二)、下列句子都有三种译文, 请把正确的选出来: 21.皇帝是裸体的, 对吗? A.The emperor was undressed, was he? B.The emperor was dressed, wasn‘t he? C.The emperor was undressed, wasn‘t he? 22.我今天晚上得工作到深夜, 对不对? A.I had to work late into the night tonight,don‘t I? B.I have to work late into the night tonight, haven‘t I? C.I have to work late into the night tonight, don‘t I? 23.他既不是工人也不是工程师, 对吗? A.He is neither a worker nor an engineer, isn‘t he? B.He is neither a worker nor an engineer, is he ? C.He is either a worker or an engineer, isn‘t he? 24.我是你的一个好朋友, 对不对? A.I am a friend, aren‘t I? B.I am your good friend, am I not? C.I am one of your good friends, aren‘t I? 25.什么事也不会使我向你屈服, 对吗? A.Nothing could make me give in to you , could it ? B.Nothing could make me to give in to you, could it ? C.Not anything could make me give in to you , couldn‘t it? 26.咱们一起去游泳, 好吗? A.Let us go swimming together , shall we? B.Let's go swimming together, will you? C.Let's go swimming together, shall we? 27.他们是否来关系不太大, 是吗? A.Whether they will come or not does matter too much, doesn‘t it? B.Whether they will come or not doesn‘t matter too much, does it? C.If they will come or not doesn‘t matter too much, does it? 28.我们最好不要冒阵雨外出, 对吗? A.We'd better not to go out in the shower, had we? B.We'd better not go out in the shower, did we? C.We'd better not go out in the shower, had we? 29.这个女孩不敢独自回家, 对吗? A.The girl did not dare go home alone, did she? B.The girl did not dare go to home alone, did she? 31 C.The girl did not dare to go home alone, did she? 30.咱们现在做游戏, 好吗? A.Let us play games, will you? B.Let's play games, shall we? C.Let's play the game, may we? 第八讲 感 叹 句 一、感叹句的结构: 1. What + a / an + (形容词) + 单数可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)! What an interesting story it is! What a surprise they‘ve got! What a day! It‘s raining again! 2. What + (形容词) + 复数可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)! What terrible mistakes they made yesterday! 3. What + (形容词) + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)! What lovely weather it is! What fun it is to fly kites in the contryside! 4. How +形容词 +主语 + 谓语! (谓语是联系动词) How interesting the story is! +主语 + 谓语! (谓语不是联系动词) 5. How +副词 How slowly he is running! 6. How +形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! (谓语是联系动词) How interesting a story it is! 7. How + 句子! How I miss my parents! How time flies! 二、感叹句的练习: (一) 把下列句子变为感叹句: 1. She runs quickly. ____________________________ ______________________________________ ____________________________ 2. It is a nice tie. ____________________________ ______________________________________ ____________________________ 3. This story-book is very interesting. _____________________________________ __________________________________________ _____________________________________ 4. Your bell is too loud. __________________________ _____________________________________ ____________________________ 5. She dances so well. ___________________________ _____________________________________ ____________________________ (二) 选词填空:(What / What a / What an / How ) 1. ____________ nice girl she is ! 2. ____________ careful the boy is ! 3. _____________beautiful flowers they are ! 4. _____________ delicious the food tastes ! 5. _____________interesting film we will see ! 6. _____________ good news it is ! 7. _____________time flies ! (三) 句型转换 1. The students are listening to the teacher carefully. ( 改为感叹句) __________________________________________ 2. We had a good time in summer holidays. (改为感叹句) _________________________________________________________________________ 3. The river is long. (改为感叹句，两种) _____________________________________ __________________________________________ _____________________________________ 4. How nice the food is ! (改为同义句) _____________________________________ 5. How well he swims ! (改为同义句，两种) __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 6. What strong men they are ～(改为同义句) _____________________________________ (四) 单项选择 ( ) 1. _______ fine the weather is ! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ( ) 2. _____________ exciting film we saw yesterday ! 32 A. What a B. How a C. How an D. What an ( ) 3. _______ great fun they had ! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ( ) 4. _____ heavy rain it was ! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ( ) 5. ___________ fun place to go Shanghai is ! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ( ) 6. ______ happy life the old live! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ( ) 7. ____________ nice fish they cooked ! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ( ) 8. _________ blue the sky is! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ( ) 9. ____________ dangerous the animals are ! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ( )10. ____ good time we are having ! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a 第九讲 冠词 一、冠词的类型:冠词分为不定冠词(泛指): a, an和定冠词(特指): the。冠词在句中或名词前作定语:The girl is my sister. There is a garden behind my house. 二、冠词的用法: (一)不定冠词的基本用法: 1.不定冠词a / an 只能 + 可数名词单数:a book a university an ink bottle 2.选择不定冠词a或an，不是按照冠词后的字母，而是按后面字母的读音是否元音来确定，元音用an ; 辅音用a: ____ useful book，____ uniform，____ UFO, _____ university ____ hour， _____ honest girl，____ unusual day, _____ uncle (二)不定冠词的使用场合: 1.泛指一个或一类人或物: He is an honest boy. A horse runs faster than a sheep. 2.说明某人或某物属于哪一类: He used to be an engineer. This is a story book. 3.泛指某人或某物,但未具体说明何人何物: A boy is waiting for you. Please give me a pen. 4.表示数量,有“one”的意思: There is a basketball under my desk. 5.用在价格、速度、比率等表示法中,相当于every / each: Take this medicine three times a day. 6.用在姓氏前,表示某个: A Mr Brown wants you on the phone. 7.用于固定词组的搭配和习惯用语中: in a hurry, have a good time, have a break, have a swim, Just a minute, have a word with sb., take a walk, in a low voice, have a talk, after a while, have a bad cold, a lot of, Thanks a lot. take an active part in, It‘s a pleasure. (三) 定冠词的基本用法:定冠词the相当于this / that / these / those，可以 + 不可数名词;也可以 + 可数 名词的单复数形式: (四) 定冠词的使用场合: 1. 用来再指上文中所出现过的名词: I have a cat. The cat is white. 2. 用于谈话双方所共指的某人,某事或某物: Please open the door. Excuse me, where is the bank? 3. 用于被形容词最高级、序数词、短语或句子所修饰而变得明确的名词前: The Nile is the longest river in the world. Our classroom is on the fifth floor. The lady in black is our English teacher. The girl who is in red over there is my daughter. 但是:This is my first visit to Shanghai. 33 Tom is his worst student. She asked him the question a third time.( 又一次 ) for the third time.( 第三次 ) The meeting is most important. ( most = very ) The meeting is the most important. ( 最重要 ) 4. 用于宇宙中独一无二的东西前: The sun is far bigger than the earth. 但这样的名词前若有形容词修饰,也可用a / an: A full moon is being hung high in the bright sky. How beautiful it is! 5. 用于江河、湖泊、海洋、海峡、群岛、山脉等地理名词前: The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. The Dingshan Lake isn‘t far from here. The English Channel is between France and Britain. 6. 用于表示方位的名词前: Pudong is in the east of Shanghai. 7. 用于乐器名称前: I practise playing the piano every day. 8. 用于普通名词构成的专有名词前:The Science Museum is beside the People’s Square. 9. 用于专有名词开头的含有2个或以上普通名词的专有名词前: The Shanghai Radio and TV Tower is well-known all over the world. 10. 用于除球类运动之外的其它运动前: I will take part in the 400-metre race and the discus-throwing at the sports meeting today. 11. 定冠词the + 姓 + s常用于指“XXX一家人”或“XXX夫妇”，后面动词用复数。 The Browns are watching the match on TV now. 12. 用于某些形容词前，表示一类人,用作复数: The old here are looked after well by the young in China. 13. 用于一些习惯用语中: in the morning / afternoon / evening , in the end , by the way , at the moment , go to the beach , at the age of , at the beginning , on the other hand , tell the truth , go to the cinema , the day after tomorrow , the day before yesterday , on the radio (五).不用冠词的情况: 1.学科名词前: We study maths, Chinese, English and so on. 2.日期、月份、星期、季节、节日前: December 25th is Christmas. I was born in July. March 8th is Women’s Day. 但是中国的传统节日前用the: the Spring Festival the Mid-autumn Day the Dragon Boat Festival the Qingming Festival 3.在表示名次和街道的序数词前 I‘m first and Mary is third. She is living in Fifth Street. 4.在this, that , these , those, my, whose, some, any, every, each等词前: He will come to see me this coming Sunday. 5.在抽象名词和物质名词等不可数名词前: Snow is white. Paper is made from wood. We love science. 6.在一日三餐前: What do we have for breakfast? 7.在球类运动前: We play football after school every day. 8.在人名,称呼,职务等前: What can I do for you, Madam? We‘ll make him monitor of our class. 9.在国名,地名,路名等前: Tim is from Canada. He now lives at Flat 302, Sixth Street, New York, USA. 10.表示一类人或物的复数名词前: Horses run faster than dogs , don‘t they? 11.在一些固定词组中 at home, at table , at night / noon / work , after class / school ,by train / motorcycle / bus / underground / sea / ship / water / plane / air / lift / air mail / ordinary mail , for example ,go to school / town / sleep / bed / church , in hospital / prison , in fact , in time , in front of , in trouble , in order to , on time , on foot , take place ,take part in… 三、冠词的练习: 34 ( )1.He gave my sister ,,,,useful book yesterday. A. an B. a C. / D the ( )2.My brother is,,,,honest boy， so he has many friends. A. a B. an C. the D / ( )3.More college graduates would like to work in,,west part of the country in,,future. A. the ; the B. / ; / C. / ; the D. the ; / ( )4.There is a big tree,,,, the house. A. in the front of B. in front of C. in front D. in the front ( )5.Jim always answers the teacher‘s questions _______. A. in class B. in the class C. after class D. at class ( ) 6. There is _____ apple on the desk. A. a B .the C. an D / ( ) 7. The girl under ____ tree is my sister. A. a B .the C .an D / ( ) 8. Mary is from _____ Japan. A. a B. the C. an D / ( ) 9. He met _____ friend of his on the road. A. a B .the C .an D / ( ) 10. Mr Black will go back to England______. A .by air B .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train ( ) 11.Yesterday I went to,,,, work on ,,,,foot. A. / ，/ B / ，the C .the ，/ D. the ，the ( ) 12.There is _______“h” in the word “hour”， but_______ “h”doesn’t make a sound. A. a ，a B. a the C. an ，an D .an , the ( ) 13.I‘m going to see my mother. She is ill ____. A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospital ( ) 14.We have three meals___day. We have____breakfast at 6:30 in____morning every day. A. the ，the ，the B. the ，/ the C. a ，/ ，the D .a ，the ，the ( ) 15.——This is____film I’ve told you about several times. ——It‘s great. I‘ve never seen ___ more moving one. A. a ，a B. the ，the C. the ，a D. a ，the ( ) 16.Tina，could you please play_____piano for me while I‘m singing, A .a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 17. ——What’s the matter with you, ——I caught_______bad cold and had to stay in________bed. A. a; / B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the ( ) 18.________sun is shining brightly. A. A B. An C. The D. / ( ) 19. Swimming is________in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun ( )20.There is ____“s” in ____ word “bus”. A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a ( )21.Maths is ___ useful subject. You can‘t drop it , I think. A. an B. a C. the D. / ( )22.____ bad weather it is! A. How B. What a C. How a D. What ( )23.—What color is ___ orange? —It’s _____ orange. A. an ; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D. / ; an ( )24.Mr. Li is ____ old worker. A. an B. a C. some D. / 第十讲 数词 一、数词的类型: (一)基数词:指有多少 + 复数名词，(除one之外) one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one… thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one hundred two thousand three million four billion… (二)序数词:指第几个 + 单数名词 35 first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth twenty---ninety之间的变y为 i +eth (twentieth…)，其它全部在词尾 + th (fourth sixth tenth eleventh twenty-seventh…) (三)分数: 1. 分子为一的分数: 1/2 a half (one half) 1/3 one-third 1/4 a quarter (one quarter one-fourth) 1/5 one-fifth 1/6 one-sixth… 2. 分子大于一的分数: 2/3 two-thirds 3/4 three quarters (three-fourths) 5/9 five-ninths… 总结:分子用基数词，分母用序数词;分子和分母之间一般 + 连线;分子大于一， 分母加 s. (四)小数:小数点读作point，小数点后面的数字要一位一位单独念 3.626-------three point six two six (五)百分数:百分之读作percent 58%------fifty-eight percent 二、数词的使用要点: (一)十位数和个位数之间 + 连线:94-----ninety-four 78----seventy-eight (二)百位数和十位数之间 + and:294-----two hundred and ninety-four (三)百位数和个位数之间无十位数，仍 + and:504---five hundred and four (四)英语数字以3位为一节，用逗号分开: 4,305 84,671 235,912 6,234,978 34,985,241 312,976,546 3,946,285,109 (五)课次、房间、班级、年级、电视频道、页码、车号等的表达: Lesson Three = the Third Lesson Room 305 Class Six Grade Nine page 19 Channel 8 No.46 bus (六)日期的表达: rdrd 七月3日------July 3 / July 3 读作July (the) third = 3 July / 3 July 读作 the third of July 1993年----读作nineteen ninety-three 2010年---读作two thousand and ten (七)电话号码: Tel:62800345读作telephone number six two eight zero zero three four five 00可读作double zero / double o / zero zero / o o (八)数词和其它词构成复合形容词，只能做定语 + 名词: five ten-cent stamps an eighteen-year-old girl a three-foot-deep hole a ninety-metre-wide river two sixty-jiao rubbers a four-metre-long snake (九)注意 “前有，后无;前无，后有”原则:即如果hundred、 thousand、 million前有数字时，hundred 、 thousand、 million后面不能加s ;否则 + s 表示“许许多多”: two hundred books hundreds of books two hundred of the books more than = over / about / less than + 具体数量:about three thousand students (十)―在某人几十几岁时‖用 in one‘s +整十的复数 如:in her fifties, in their thirties (十一)表示― 多高、多宽、多长、多深，年龄大小、距离多远‖时，用―数量+单位+形容词‖ 如:two months old, twenty meters deep (十二)half的运用: 1. 0.5的表达:半小时---half an hour 半公斤---half a kilo 半公里---half a kilometre 半个月---half a month 2. 1.5的表达:一个半小时---one and a half hours / an hour and a half 两点五米---two and a half metres / two metres and a half (十三)钟点表达法: 1. 英国方式: (1)整点:钟点数 + o‘clock 6:00----six o‘clock (o‘clock 可以省略) (2) 1---30分:分 + past + 时 6:05---five past six 7:29---twenty-nine past seven (3)15分用a quarter 30分用half 4:15---a quarter past four 3:30---half past three (4)31---59分:60减分 + to + 下一时:2:50---ten to three 5:35---twenty-five to six (5)45分仍用a quarter:6:45---a quarter to seven 2. 美国方式:时 + 分 1:05---one five 2:15---two fifteen 3:30---three thirty 4:45---four forty-five 4:50---four fifty (十四) 数词相关练习 ( ) 1. We‘ve planted _______ trees in the center of our city this year. A. hundred B. two hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of ( ) 2. About ______ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival. A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds 36 ( ) 3. We‘ll have a ______ holiday. What about going to the West Lake? A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two-days‘ ( ) 4. Now children, turn to page ______ and look at the _____ picture in Lesson Two. A. twentieth ; one B. twenty; one C. twentieth ; first D. twenty; first ( ) 5. During the seven-day May Day holiday, _____ families went sightseeing. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands and thousands D. thousands of ( ) 6. During World War II, a Jewish (犹太人) lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her ________. A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth ( ) 7. People lived a hard life________. A. in the forty B. in the forties C. in forty D. on forties ( ) 8. ______of the room______empty. A. Two-third , are B. Two-thirds , are C. Two-third , is D. Two-thirds , is ( ) 9. 333 is______. A. three hundreds and thirty three B. three hundred and thirty and three C. three hundred and thirty-three D. three hundreds thirty third ( ) 10. ―E‖ is the______letter of the English alphabet. A. five B. first C. fifth D. second ( ) 11. Tom lives in_____building. A. a eight-story B. an eight-storeys C. an eight-storey D. an eighth-storey ( ) 12. I don't believe that______can draw so well. A. a eight year old girl B. a girl of eight year C. a girl of eight D. an eight years old girl ( )13. When she was in_____ , she got married. A. her twentieth B. her twenties C. the twenties D. the twentieth ( )14. Thirty-four________three is a hundred and two. A. times B. time C. timed by D. times by ( )15. ---What date is it today? ---_______________ A. July twentieth-first B. of July twenty-first C. the twenty-first of July D. the twentieth-first of July ( )16. Seventy-seven______ thirty-five is forty-two. A. minus by B. minus C. plus D. minus to ( )17. Flight nineteen from New York and Washington is now arriving at______. A. Gate Two B. the gate two C. the two gate D. second gate ( )18. He is somewhere__________. A. in 50 years old B. in his fifties C. in fifty years D. in the fifty ( )19. It took them________to finish the work. A. one and a half hours B. one and a half hour C. an hour and a half hours D. one and half hour ( )20. Sixty-four________eight is eight. A. divide by B. divided C. dividing by D. divided by ( )21. This is the______book I have read. A. nineth B. nineteen C. ninth D. nintieth ( )22. Tom has spent a large______of money on his new house. A. piece B. number C. amount D. deal ( )23. The price of that type of computer has been reduced________. A. on 15 percent B. by percent of 15 C. by 15 percent D. by 15 percents ( )24. There are________of visitors to Kunming. A. tens of thousands B. about ten of thousands C. about three thousands D. about three thousand ( )25. Tom was born________. A. in the late sixtys B. on the late sixty C. in the late sixties D. in late sixties ( )26. ---What time is it now? --- It's______. A. a quarter past half B. four eighteen C. five past forty-two D. forty-two to five ( )27. They have produced________grain this year as they did in 1997. A. twice as much B. as twice much C. twice as many D. as twice many ( )28. The river is__________. A. wide fivety-five meter B. fivety-five meter wide C. wide fifty-five meters D. fifty-five meters wide 37 ( )29. After the________riding, we have covered_________of the whole distance. A. four-hour , three-fourths B. four-hour , three-fourth C. four-hours , three-fourths D. four-hours , three-fourthes ( )30. The sun is 93_________ away from the earth. A. million miles B. millions miles C. millions mile D. million miles being ( )31.________, Edison began experimenting with something which he had made himself. A. On August 12, 1877 B. In August 12, 1877 C. At 12 August, 1877 D. In 1877, August, 12 第十一讲 名词 一、名词的定义: 表示某样东西、某个人、某种物体的名字的词叫名词。(story, Mike, book…) 二、名词的功能: 名词在句中主要作主语、表语或宾语;也可作宾语补足语、同位语、定语或状语。 1. My father works in a hospital. (主语 介词的宾语) 2. John is my cousin. (主语 表语) 3. He gave a book to me. (宾语) 4. Mary, his sister is in America. (主语 主语同位语 介词的宾语) 5. The bus driver works very hard. (定语 主语) 名词的分类 三、 (一)专有名词和普通名词 1. 专有名词:Grandma Shanghai March China the Summer Palace… 2. 普通名词:my grandma our city this month the great country an ancient palace (二)可数名词和不可数名词 1. 可数名词有单复数之分 a magazine—magazines ，an uncle—uncles ， a university—universities ，an hour--hours 2. 不可数名词: water tea milk oil ink heat steam rain snow rice bread food juice meat sugar paper cotton wood litter glass medicine wind weather work homework housework money time news information advice knowledge music progress fun English French German Chinese recreation pollution flour noise smoke truth light drink air iron sauce matter hair 3. 既作可数名词又作不可数名词的名词: Give me a piece of paper. (纸) He has finished two papers in this field recently. (论文) Have you read today‘s paper yet? (报纸) There goes the bell. It‘s time to hand in your papers, children! (考卷) Did you do your paper last night? ( 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 面作业) The fish is delicious.(鱼肉) There are three fish in the jar. (不分类---三条鱼) The two fishes are very differentt. (分类---两种鱼) Don‘t throw the glass on the grass. (玻璃) Please bring two glasses of water to us. (玻璃杯) There is a pair of glasses on the desk. (眼镜) Don‘t play with fire. It‘s dangerous. (火) A big fire broke out there three months ago. (火灾) They are sitting around a fire to warm themselves. (火炉 / 篝火) Time is limited. We should make full use of it. (时间) I have been there three times. (次数) Light travels much faster than sound. (光) Please turn off the lights when you leave the room. (灯) Ice here is as hard as a stone. (冰) Buy me an ice , please. (冰淇淋) He has a few white hairs. His hair is white. I‘m pleased with your service. (服务) Taxi services are developing quickly these years in China.(服务业) I like fruit.(总称) I like apples, oranges and other fruits. (分类) 四、不可数名词的数量表达: (一)形容词 + 名词: 38 some advice much coffee a little money lots of homework a bit of time huge amounts of information , 此时用作单数: There________(be) lots of news in today‘s newspaper. (二)量词 + 名词: a bottle of water / two bottles of water ，a piece of news (paper , wood , bread ) ，a loaf of bread… 动词数的概念由量词决定: Two cups of tea______(be) on the table. 五、可数名词复数形式的构成: (一)特殊情况: man----men woman----women Frenchman---Frenchmen Englishman---Englishmen policeman---policemen policewoman---policewomen postman---postmen fireman---firemen gentleman---gentlemen fisherman---fishermen dustman---dustmen foot---feet tooth---teeth goose----geese mouse---mice child---children sheep---sheep Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss--- Swiss series---series fish---fish(不分类)---fishes(分类) (二)只有复数的名词: clothes glasses people police trousers jeans sissiors (三)规则名词复数 + s，方法如下: 1. 一般 + s:coins months mouths humans Germans Romans Walkmans… 2. s , x , sh , ch结尾的 + es:classes boxes brushes watches churches 3. 元音字母 + y 结尾的 + s:boys toys keys plays… 4. 辅音字母 + y 结尾的，去y + ies:ladies studies families factories cities babies… 5. f 或fe结尾的，去f或fe + ves:thief---thieves wolf---wolves leaf---leaves shelf---shelves life---lives wife---wives knife---knives scarf---scarfs / scarves… 6. o结尾的:tomatoes potatoes heroes zoos videos radios photos pianos kilos UFOs 六、可数名词的数量表达: (一)数词 + 名词: two books 365 days… (二)形容词 + 名词:some desks many children a few boxes… (三)量词 + 名词:a basket of eggs two pairs of glasses a couple of days… 动词数的概念由量词决定: There_______(be) a pair of jeans on the desk. There_______(be) a group of sheep in the field. (a group of = many) 另:可同时修饰可数名词及不可数名词的词和词组: some work/ computers， a lot of news / reporters，lots of milk / bananas, plenty of milk / books, enough food/ rooms 只能修饰可数名词的词和词组: a (large) number of teachers many computers quite a few phones (a) few mistakes 只能修饰不可数名词的词和词组: (a) little time huge (large / great) amounts of water = a huge (large / great) amount of water much housework a great deal of rubbish quite a little tea 可数名词 不可数名词 可数和不可数名词 few / a few little/ a little some many/ quite a few much/ quite a little a lot of/ lots of a great number of a huge amount of /amounts of plenty of a great deal of 七、作定语的名词的单复数: a man doctor----two men doctors a woman teacher---three women teachers a boy student---four boy students a shoe factory---five shoe factories a birthday card---six birthday cards a story book---seven story books 八、抽象名词是不可数名词，但是具体化时可以有复数形式: He has much difficulty in finding the house. 39 We must do our best to overcome these difficulties. We should do more exercise in the morning. We must finish the exercises before we go home. 九、特殊词组中，不可数名词可以与a / an 连用，表示“一次 / 一份”: have a rest take a walk Have a good time. It‘s a pleasure. 十、enemy family class team group audience是集合名词,既可用作单数又可用作复数: His family _____________(be) very large. His family _____________(be) all well. Our team _____________(win) Our team _____________(have) bath now. The enemy are coming. = The enemy is coming. (很多) The enemy is coming. I must fight against him. (一个) 十一、名词的所有格: (一)有生命的名词所有格，以‘s 构成所有格: Alice‘s birthday ，Children‘s Day… 名词是s结尾的 + ‘: the teachers‘office ，the boss‘ son… 共同拥有的:Mary and Tony‘s father， 各自拥有的:Tom‘s and Tim‘s fathers 表示时间、距离、量度、价值、天体、国家、城市、地区等名词 New Year‘s Day ， today‘s news， China‘s china， twenty minutes‘ walk (二)无生命的名词所有格,一般以 of 构成的所有格: a picture of my family ，the legs of the table ，the front gate of the City Hall (三) of和 ?s合用表示双重所有格: a friend of Kitty‘s ， one of the actresses‘ friends (四) a photo of Mr Li ___________________________ a photo of Mr Li‘s ___________________________ (五) 名词所有格后面表示地点的名词可以省略: go to the doctor‘s (clinic) go to his uncle‘s (home) (六) to about for with也可表示所有关系: the answer to the question the key to the door the ticket for the concert the medicine for my cold the money for the radio a girl with long hair a country with a long history 十二、Choose the best answer. ( )1.They want three _______. A. loaf bread B. loaf of bread C. loaves bread D. loaves of bread ( )2.____that pair of new ____ expensive? A. Is; shoe B. Are; shoe C. Is; shoes D. Are; shoes ( )3.There are many ____ in the fridge. A. food B. fruit C. eggs D. bread ( )4.There is only a little ____ in the fridge.That‘s not enough for breakfast. A. cakes B. bread C. eggs D. biscuits ( )5.They got much ____ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( )6.I‘ve read ____ sports news about the F1 race today. A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of ( )7.Mr.Lin often gives us ____ by e-mail. A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information ( )8.Linda, I‘ve bought many ____. Now let‘s make the birthday cake. A. fresh eggs B. chocolate milk C. frozen food D. rice dumplings ( )9. Apple is a_________word. A. five-letter B. five-letters C. fives-letters D. five letters ( )10. All the ______in the hospital got a rise yesterday. A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor ( )11. After ten years, all those youngsters became______. A. growns-up B. growns-up C. grown-up D. grown-ups ( )12. She used to have three ______. A. boys friends B. boys friend C. boy friends D. boy friend ( )13. His trousers ______ in his suitcase. 40 A. is always kept B. are kept always C. are always kept D. have always been ( )14. The young couple bought______for their living room. A. some new furniture B. some new furnitures C. many new furniture D. many new furnitures ( )15. Mathematics________easy to learn. A. is B. are C. can D. feels ( )16.The windows of his office building________very clean. A. are B. is C. has been D. do ( )17. I had my hair cut at the________around the corner. A. barber B. barbers C. barber‘s D. barbers‘ ( )18. The woman over there is_______. A. Julia and Mary mother B. Julia and Mary‘s mother C. Julia‘s and Mary‘s mother D. Julia‘s and Mary mother ( )19. Only last month I called at______. A. my uncle B. my uncle‘s C. my uncles D. mine uncle ( )20. The students must finish the test in______. A. three quarters of an hour time B. three quarter‘s of an hour time C. three quarters of an hour‘s time D. three quarters‘ of an hour‘s time ( )21. His article is better than________in the class. A. anyone‘s else B. anyone else C. anyone‘s else‘s D. anyone else‘s ( )22. He is very tired. He needs________. A. a night rest B. rest of a night C. a rest night D. a night‘s rest ( )23. _________ is covered with heavy snow. A. The earth‘s surface B. The surface of earth C. The surface earth D. The earth surface ( )24. There are forty ______ in our school. A. women teachers B .teacher women C. woman teachers D. women teacher ( )25. Mr. Li is one of ______ in the hospital. A. most popular doctors B. the most popular doctors C. most popular doctor D. the most popular doctor ( )26. The sign "NO PHOTOS" means that you can't ______. A. take pictures B. bring in pictures C. buy any photos D. sell any photos ( ) 27. Some of the boys in ______ are afraid of maths exams. A. Class Three B .the Class Three C. Three Class D .the Three Class ( ) 28. Have you got any ______ for us this time? A. pieces of message B. piece of messages C. pieces of messages D. messages ( ) 29. ______, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. In a few years time B. After a few years time C. In a few years‘ time D. After a few years time ( ) 30. Look! There are ______ stars up there in the ______. A. thousands of; sky B. thousands of; air C. thousand of; sky D. thousand of; air ( ) 31. My father lived in ______ for ten years. A. city Beijing B. the Beijing city C. Beijing of city D. the city of Beijing ( )32. Just from the ______ I know it's Liu Minjun. A. noise B. voice C. sound D .sing ( )33. —Where are the other two students? —They're in ______. A. teacher's office B. teachers' office C. the teacher office D. the teachers' office ( )34. —How many ______will you have next term? —Let me see. We'll have eight. A. lesson B. subjects C. days D. class ( )35. My uncle's full name is David Edward Hartpode. His family name is ______. A. Edward B. Hartpode C. David D. David Hartpode ( )36. He writes more carefully than ______ in his class. A. any student B. any other student C. any other students D. all students ( )37. This new kind ______ can do half the work. A. of tractor B. tractor C. of a tractor D. a tractor ( )38. John is very happy to have a ______ training. A. two weeks B. two-month C. two-weeks D. two-months ( )39. My brother is always careless. He always makes ____ A. mistakes B. mistake C. mistook D. some mistake ( )40. Mr. Green is nearly ______. A. two metres high B. two metres tall C. high two metres D. tall two metres ( )41. Mr. Smith is an ______. 41 A. English B. English man C. Englishman D. Englishmen ( )42. A group of ______ are talking with two ______. A. Frenchmen; Germans B .Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen D Germans; Frenchmans 十三、Fill in the blanks 1. A bus ______(drive) is responsible for the safety of his passengers. 2.Wang Hai, come and meet Mr.Li, ________(manage) of the hotel. 3.Was the first watch made in ________(German) ? 4.I‘m from _______ (Chinese). 5.Are there any taxi ________(serve) in the small town? 6._______(healthy) is more important to me than money. 7. More people are getting to know the _________ (important) of environmental protection. 8.Some famous ________ (science) are going to give lectures in our university in August. 9.Patrick is going to be a / an________ (engine) when he grows up. 10. The most famous ___________(amusing) park in the world is Disneyland. 11.It‘s a ________ (pleased) to have a picnic with all the family members. 12.Mr.Chen was surprised to see the fast______(develop) in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. 13.Feng Ai‘s love and _________ (kind) will always be remembered by her students and their parents in Yunnan. 第十二讲 代词 一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词: (一) 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的形式: Fill in the table of Pronoun. Personal Pronoun Possessive Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 (二) 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法: 1. 人称代词的用法:主格充当主语;宾格充当动词或介词的宾语 Please wait for me. Pass him the book , please! She works very hard. 2. 物主代词的用法:形容词性 + 名词;名词性不能加名词 He is one of my good friends. Our classroom is as big as theirs. 3. 反身代词的用法: (1) 用于某些结构中: Help yourself / yourselves to some meat , please! enjoy oneself = have a good time by oneself leave one by oneself Make yourself / yourselves at home. (2) 用作动词或介词的宾语: I teach myself English in the morning. = I teach English to myself. I bought a pen for myself yesterday. = I bought myself a pen yesterday. (3) 用作同位语，起强调作用: The girl , herself , telephoned her teacher just now. 4. 注意点: (1) 口语中，“我” 常用宾格代替主格: ----I like music. ----So do I. = Me too. ----Who is it? ----It‘s me. (2) 几个人称并列时，I最后，we最前;第二人称在第三人称的前面;he在she之前: you and I you and he she and I he and she you,he and I we and they we and you you and they we,you and they He invited________________(and,Billy,you,I) to his birthday party yesterday. (3) it的几种用法: 42 A. it指代无生命的东西: There is a book on the desk. It‘s Tom‘s. B. it指代婴儿: She got a baby last night and it weighed ten pounds. C. it用来表示时间、距离或自然现象: It‘s three o‘clock now. How far is it from here to the park? It‘s cloudy today. D. it用作形式主语: To learn English well is important. = It is important to learn English well. To read English every day takes me two hours. = It takes me two hours to read English every day. E. it用作形式宾语: We find it important to learn English well. = We find to learn English well important.(不常用) =We find that it is important to learn English well. (三) 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的练习: I. Fill in the blank with the proper form of the words. 1. I heard ________came from America. (they) 2. I often hear _________ read English. (he) 3. All of __________ are from Switzerland. (they) 4. Mum likes my brother and _________.(I) __________classroom is bigger than _________ .(we ,you) 5. 6. They do all the work _____________.(they) 7. Help ____________ to some cakes, everybody.(you) 8. He introduced _____________to us all. (he) 9. I saw it with ______________eyes. I saw it __________.(my own, myself) II: Choose the best answer. ( ) 1. A: ________ pencil-box is this, Patrick? B: It‘s ___________. A. Whose… mine B. Who‘s… mine C. Whose…my D. Who‘s…my ( ) 2. The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers __________. A. them B. themselves C. him D. himself ( ) 3. Miss Brown will teach _________ English next term. A. us B. we C. our D. ours ( ) 4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than ___________. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs ( ) 5. When Yang Liwei came back from space, many reporters interviewed __________ and got some first-hand information. A. he B. him C. his D. himself ( ) 6. Zhang Yining is ________ favourite table tennis player. A. I B. me C. my D. mine ( ) 7. Please keep the park clean when you enjoy _________ there. A. your B. you C. yours D. yourselves 二、指示代词:(Demonstrative Pronoun) this that these those 1. This / That is a Walkman, _________ __________? 2. These / Those are fish, __________ ___________? 3. The students in our class are stronger than __________ in yours. ( = the students ) 4. The water in this river is cleaner than __________ in that river. ( = the water ) 三、不定代词:(Indefinite Pronoun) (一) a few , few , a little , little , some , any , no , many , much , a lot of , lots of , a lot: 1. few / a few + 名词复数;little / a little + 不可数名词 ;a few / a little = some ;few / little几乎没有(隐 性否定): You have little milk every morning , do you? 此外little = small , 但little具有“感情色彩”;而small 仅指形体小: a little boy = a lovely boy He has nothing to eat ，so he is so small. (a) few也可用作名词性代词:(a)few of + 名词复数 2. some “一些”，用于肯定句和肯定回答及征求意见或客气请求的疑问句中;作形代时 + 名复 / 不名， 作名代时，有:some of + 名复 / 不名;some day有朝一日。 There is some tea in the cup. There are some oranges on the desk. Would you like some coffee? Some of us are teachers. We like some of the milk. My dream will come true some day. any“一些”，用于否定句、否定回答和一般疑问句中;作形代时 + 名复/ 不名，作名代时，有:any of + 名复 / 不名;“任何”，用于肯定句和肯定回答 + 可数名词单数 或any of the + 名复。 43 Do you have any sisters, Does she have any water in the bottle, There isn‘t any work to do today. Any of the students can come to ask me for help. I got to school earlier than any other student in my class. If you have any questions in class,you can ask me for help. (if 条件句中any 可以+ 名复) 3. no = not a / an / any I have no sisters. = I don‘t have any sisters. There‘s no air or water on the moon. = There isn‘t any air or water on the moon. 4. many + 名复=quite a few = a lot of = lots of = a great number of =plenty of;much +不名= a lot of = lots of = a great deal of = huge amounts of =plenty of;much还可做副词= a lot;a lot of / lots of 不能用于 否定句和疑问句中。 (1) --Do you know any English? -- Yes, but only _________ _________. (2) Would you give me _________ ink? (3) May I ask you __________ questions? (4) Why not buy ___________ flowers? (5) There is only /still_____ ______milk in it. (6) There are _________ eggs in the house. We‘d better buy some. (7) Is there __________ rain here? (8) One cigarette won‘t matter ___________. (9) If you want to get______help , you may call us. (二) both , either , neither , all , each , every , none 1. both , either , neither指两者;all , each , every , none指三者或以上。 2. both , all用作复数，作形容词性时 + 名复;作名词性时有词组:both of the + 名复，all of the + 名复，用作复数。 3. neither , none用于否定，none只用作名词性:none of the + 名词复数，此结构单复数均可;neither既可用于形代 + 名单，也可用于名代，neither of the + 名词复数，作单数 4. either两者中任意一个，既可用于形代+名单，也可用于名代，either of the + 名词复数，作单数 5. both A and B + ( 谓语动词用复数 ): Both Tom and Jack are going to further their studies in Japan in the future. neither A nor B + ( 谓语动词跟B ): Neither Jane nor I am free today. either A or B + ( 谓语动词跟B ): Either you or I am busy every day. not only A but (also) B + ( 谓语动词跟B ): Not only you but also I am happy in such fine weather. A as well as B + ( 谓语动词跟A ): Tom as well as you studies English very hard every day. 6. either还用作副词，“也”，肯定句用too / also , too放句末, also放句中: Your are a teacher. I‘m a teacher , too. = I‘m also a teacher. = So am I. Your aren‘t a teacher. I‘m not a teacher , either. = Neither am I. (三) another other others the other the others / the rest: 1. another泛指“另一个”，作形代时 + 可数名词单数，或有具体数量的名词复数: another boy another 10 boys = 10 more boys 也可作名代: I don‘t like this shirt. Show me another , will you? (商场中购物) 2. other + 名词复数 = others ，泛指“另一些”: There are many students in the classroom. Some (students) are singing , some (students) are dancing and other students (=others ) are drawing. 3. the other特指“另一个”，作形代时 + 可数名词单数 = the other: I have two brothers. One (brother) is a worker and the other (brother) is a doctor. 4.the other + 名词复数，特指“另一些”，指剩余的全部 = the others = the rest: I have three pens. One is red , the other two pens are blue. (= the other two = the others = the rest) the rest 还可指代不名,形代名代均可以: I have drunk half of the milk and the rest (milk) is for you. 5.词组:one…another…the third“一个……一个……另一个……” I have three brothers. One is a worker , another is a doctor and the third is a teacher. (四) one ones: 表示“一个人”或“人人”或指前面已经提到过的人或物，但不能代替不名，复数是ones: A:Pass me the books , please! B:Which________are yours? A:_______on the desk. This room is bigger than that________. ( = room ) One should do one‘s best to learn English well. 44 填空练习: 1. This book is newer than that _________. 2. Chinese films are better than foreign ____________. (五). 见下表: something somebody someone anything anybody anyone nothing nobody no one everything everybody everyone 1. something , anything , nothing , everything: (1) something , anything , nothing , everything用作单数,形容词后置: There_______in today‘s newspaper. A. is something important B. is important something C. are something important D. are important something (2) something用于肯定句和肯定回答;anything既用于否定句、否定回答和疑问句(某事/一些事)，又可 用于肯定句(任何事);nothing = not anything ，everything只用作单数。 I have something to tell you. I can do anything that you want me to do. There isn‘t anything in the box. = There is nothing in the box. (3) something , anything , nothing , everything做主语时，反意问句附加部分人称用it: Everything is OK , ____ _____? 2 somebody = someone , anybody = anyone , nobody = no one , everybody = everyone: (1) someboy = someone , anybody = anyone , nobody = no one , everybody = everyone 用作单数,形容词后置: Someone unknown wants you on the phone , Susan. (2) somebody = someone 用于肯定句和肯定回答;anybody = anyone ,既用于否定句、否定回答和疑问句 (某人/有人)，又可用于肯定句(任何人);nobody = no one是隐性否定。 (3) somebody = someone , anybody = anyone , nobody = no one , everybody = everyone做主语时，反意问句 附加部分人称用they: Everyone wants to go there , _____ ______? 四、疑问代词(副词): 1. He is an English teacher. 对身份提问 _______ ______he? 2. There are some tickets on the desk. 对there be结构后的主语提问 __________ _______on the desk? 3. She is reading English now. 对及物动词的宾语，行为的对象提问 _______is she reading now. 4. Today is Sunday. 对星期提问 ______ ______is ( it ) today? rd5. Today is 3 October. 对日期提问 ________the _______ today? _______ _______is it today? 6. My skirt is white. 对表语是颜色提问 ______ ______is your skirt? 7. I‘m interested in maths. 对学科提问 _______ ______are you interested in? (无选择项) _______ ______are you interested in , English or Chinese? (有选择项) 8. The bag on the desk is mine. 对地点做定语提问 ______ _______is yours? 9. The red pens are Tom‘s. 对颜色作定语提问 ______ ______are Tom‘s? (疑问代词作定语) ______ ______Tom‘s pens? (疑问代词作表语) 10.I go to school on foot every day. 对方式状语提问 _______ ______you go to school every day? 11. Tim‘s father is forty years old now. 对年龄提问 ______ ______is Tim‘s father now? 12. I‘ll stay in Shanghai for three days. 对动作持续的时间 (时间状语) 提问 ______ _______will you stay in Shanghai? 13. I‘ll go to Nanjing in three days. 对多久之后某一动作将发生(时间状语)提问 ______ ______will you go to Nanjing? _______ ______you go to Nanjing? 45 14. She watches TV twice a day. 对频度提问 _____ ______does she watch TV? 15.He can read 178 words in a minute. 对速度提问 _____ ______can he read? 16.There are three bottles of milk on the table对数量提问 _____ ______bottles of milk are there on the table? 17. There are three bottles of milk on the table对数量提问 _____ ______milk_____there on the table? 18. The postage cost three yuan. 对价值提问 _____ ______ ______the postage cost? 19. I‘m 1.75 metres tall. 对身高提问 ______ ______are you? 20. I have been to Britain for three times. 对次数提问 ______ ______ _____have you been to Britain? 21. The bag of rice is about 30 kilos. 对重量提问 _______ ________is the bag of rice? ______ _______does the bag of rice weigh? 22. It‘s half an hour’s walk from here to my school. 对距离提问 _____ _____is it from here to your school? 23. I was late for school yesterday because I got up late. 对原因提问 _______ _______you late for school yesterday? 24. He did his homework at school yesterday. 对地点状语和时间状语提问 ________ and _______did you do his homework? 25. She is waiting for Tom. 对主语是人提问 ______ ______ waiting for Tom? 26. She is waiting for Tom. 对宾语是人提问 ______ _____she waiting for? 27.It is 3:15 now. 对时间状语提问 ______ _______is it now? 28.This is his wallet. 对所有格做定语提问 _____ ______is this? 29.This wallet is his. 对所有格做表语提问 ______ ______this wallet? 30.It is cloudy today. ________ _______the weather______today? ________ _______the weather today? 31.I think the film is really interesting. 评价 _______do you______ _____the film? ________do you________the film? 代词相关练习: 1. This is not _______ model ship. It‘s _______. I made it ________. a. your... me... mine b. yours... my... myself c. yours... mine... mine d. your... mine... myself 2. Can you speak English? Yes, but only ______. I‘ve studies it for only ______ months. a. a little...a few b. little... a little c. a few... a little d. few... a few 3. ______ of my parents is a doctor. _______ of them are scientists. a. Both...neither b. Neither... both c. None... all d. Both... none 4. _____ mother had to teach ________. a. His... him himself b. Her...him himself c. His... him herself d. Her... her himself 5. Miss Smith doesn‘t have _______ housework to do today. a. many b. much c. a lot of d. a piece 6. I don‘t like this ballpoint pen. Show me _______, please. a. another b. other c. the other d. the others 7. Hurry up. There‘s ______ time left. a. few b. little c. a few d. a little 8. ----Which calculator do you like? ---- ______ in your hand. a. The other b. One c. That one d. It 9. ______ of his parents work in the modern factory. a. None b. Both c. All d. Neither 10. There are fifty teachers in our school. Twenty of them are women teachers and ______ are men teachers. a. another b. others c. the other d. the others 46 11. There are some tall trees on ______ side of the street. a. both b. all c. either d. none 12. ______ is wrong with the colour TV set. It doesn‘t work. a. Something b. Anything c. Nothing d. Things 13. Is there ______ in today‘s newspaper? a. interesting anything b. interesting something c. something interesting d. anything interesting 14. Everyone ______ here. Let‘s begin our meeting a. will be b. is c. are d. have come 15. ______ interesting to watch cartoons on TV in the evening. a. That‘s b. What‘s c. How d. It‘s 16. _______ of us wants to try. a. Both b. All c. None d. Every 17. The short play isn‘t interesting. _______ people enjoy it. a. Little b. A little c. Few d. A few 18. There‘s ______ with my car. I don‘t have to go to work by bus. a. anything wrong b. nothing wrong c. something wrong d. wrong everything 19. There are lots of flowers on ______ of the river. a. each side b. every side c. both side d. all sides A: Aren‘t the three answers correct? 20. B: No, __________ correct. a. all are b. none is c. neither is d. either is 21. If you have _____ time, would you make _______cakes for me? a. some... some b. any... any c. some... any d. any... some 22. Mary has four uncles. One is in America, _______ are in Italy. a. the other b. another c. others d. the others 23. Mike‘s bike doesn‘t work. Neither ________. a. do I b. don‘t I c. do mine d. does mine 24. Jack and Mary have tried, but _____ has succeeded in getting the chance to study abroad. A. both B. neither C. all D. either 25. It‘s good for her health if she can find a way to relax _____ from time to time. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 26. ----What‘s in the fridge? ----- ________________ A. Nothing B. None C. No D. No one 27. I didn‘t hear from him for a long time, so I went to see him by ____________. A. me B. myself C. him D. himself 28. A: Do you know _________the population of Shanghai_________? B: Sorry, I don‘t know. A. what …is B. how much …is C. what‘s…/ D. how many…is 29. Jack, a close friend of ______, will come and join ______ in the game. A. mine…us B. me…ours C. mine…ourselves D. myself…us 30. There is a flower shop on ______ side of the street. Let‘s go and buy some flowers. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 31. The new skirt is for _____, Alice. Do you like ______? A. you, them B. yours, it C. you, it D. yours, them 32. You mustn‘t lend the books you borrowed from the library to ______ people. A. others B. the others C. other D. the other 33. Michael has read _________science books, but I am sorry to say that he has learned _________ from them . A. few…a little B. a few…little C. few…little D. a few…a little 34. —A latest English newspaper, please! —Only one copy left .Would you like to have _____________ , sir? A. it B. one C. this D. that 35. —You look so happy! —Jack says I am pretty. ___________ has ever told me that before. A.(Somebody B.(Anybody C.(Everybody D.(Nobody 36. Boys and girls, you have to plant all the trees _____________tomorrow. A. ourselves B. themselves C. yourself D. yourselves 37. A: Which of these two sweaters will you take? 47 B: I‘ll take _________ . They look nearly the same, and I just need one. A. both B. either C. none D. all 38. There are a lot of tall buildings on _______ side of Huangpu River. A. either B. both C. neither D. every 39. There is something wrong with our old TV set. So we decided to buy _____one. A. the other B. the others C. others D. another 40. At the gate of the library I showed ______ card, and Tony showed ______ A. my, him B. my, his C. mine, his D. mine ,him 41. My cousin and I ______like flying kites in autumn. We often feel very happy. A. all B. either C. both D. neither 42. Among three hundred graduates, 70% prefer to get a job, and_____ choose to make a further study. A. the other B. the others C. others D. other 43. Some people enjoy KFC, but ______ prefer McDonald‘s hamburger. A. another B. the other C. others D. the others 44. ---What does ―refrigerator‖ mean? ---It‘s ______ way of saying fridge. We call it fridge for short. A. other B. others C. another D. the others 45. I think ________ is very kind ________ you to help me out. A. it/for B. that/for C. it/of D. that/of 46. Who teaches ______ chemistry? A. they B. their C. them D. theirs 47. ---- Who has an umbrella here, please? ---- I have _______, Miss Lu. A. one B. it C. this D. that 48. I know there is a pen in your right hand. But what‘s in your ______ hand? A. other B. another C. the other D. others 49. --- Does Mrs. Li live by herself ? --- Yes. She has two daughters, but _____ of them are studying in the US. A. neither B. all C. none D. both 50. Mr White wished the twins to be doctors, but ______ of them liked to study medicine. A. both B. neither C. either D. none 51. Health officials tried ______ best to fight global bird flu. A. them B. they C. theirs D. their 52. ---Who taught _______ French? ---Nobody. I learned all by ________. A. you/I B. your/me C. yours/my D. you/myself 53. Jim will give____ a short talk tomorrow. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 54. _______ computer is new and _______ is new, too. A. Our…he B. Ours…his C. My…his D. My…her 55. No one noticed the mobile phone in his _______ hand. A. other B. the other C. another D. else 56. Bob is going to give__________ a talk on World Car Design and Development. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 57. Be patient, John. Don‘t give up. Have_________ try. A. other B. another C. the other D. one 58. Lucy doesn‘t have an eraser. Let me give_______ to________. A. mine, her B. mine, him C. her, mine D. my, her 59. Zhuxi Road is a busy road with a lot of shops on_______ side of the street. A. either B. neither C. both D. every 60. Your shirt is blue, but____________ is black and white. A. myself B. my C. mine D. me 61. I have three sisters. ____________ of them is a teacher. A.. All B. Both C. Neither D. None 62. There is something wrong with my computer. May I use ______? A. your B. yours C. you D. mine 63. ______ of the teachers is going to the party next week. A. All B. Both C. Neither D. Some 64. ______ MP3 is this? Is it yours? A. Whose B. Who C. Which D. What 48 65. If you are not full, please have ______ cake. A. the other B. other C. others D. another 66. Some people enjoy traveling by plane, but ___________ prefer traveling by train. A. other B. the others C. the other D. others 67. Pick out the good bananas and throw away ______. A. the rest B. rest C. others D. the other 68. This is my CD player, and ________ is on the table over there. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself 69. --- Who is _________? ---This is Joanna from Australia. A. this B. that C. it D. one 70. Will Miss Wang teach ________(we) chemistry next term? 71. ______ (you) schoolbag is a little heavier than ________(I). 72. I‘m a new comer here. Let _________(I) introduce _________(I) to _________(yours). 73. A: Why are you in such a hurry? B: I‘m going to meet a friend of ________(I) at the airport. 74. ----________(who) exercise books are those? ----One is ________(he) and the others are ________(they). 75. I think that we‘ll enjoy ________(we) during the winter holidays. As a student, you must finish your homework by _________(you). 76. 77. Rose has got a nice cat. ________(it) hair is white and brown. 78. Beijing has many new buildings. But it also has some old ______(one). 79. Is this _______(she) bike? No, __________(she) is over there. 历年中考 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 汇总 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 80. Angela‘s uncle will buy ______ a pocket calculator. (95) A) she B) her C) hers D) herself 81. A: Whose calculator is it? (96) B: It‘s ______. A) her B) hers C) she D) herself 82. A: Is this ______ pocket calculator? (97) B: No. It‘s ______. A) your…his B) yours…his C) hers…mine D) her…my 83. Mike lost ______ new watch while he was playing volleyball at school. (98) A) his B) he C) him D) himself 84. Let Tony do it by ______. He is no longer a kid. (99) A) him B) his C) himself D) he 85. A: ______ pencil-box is this, Patrick? (00) B: It‘s ______. A) Whose…mine B) Who‘s…mine C) Whose…my D) Who‘s…my 86. The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers ______. (01) A) them B) themselves C) him D) himself 87. Miss Brown will teach ______ English next term. (02) A) us B) we C) our D) ours 88. Merry Christmas, George! Here is a card for ______, with ______ best wishes. (04) A) you…our B) us…your C) you…your D) us…our 89. When Yang Liwei came back from space, many reporters interviewed _______ and got some first-hand information.(05) a. he b. him c. his d. himself 90. Zhang Yining is ________ favourite table tennis player. (06) a. I b. me c. my d. mine 91. Please keep the park clean when you enjoy __________ there.(07) a. your b. you c. yours d. yourselves 不定代词 92. This is a very old song, so ______ young people know it. (95) A) few B) little C) a few D) a little 93. The two fishermen saw ______ in the sky while they were fishing by a river. (96) A) something strange B) anything strange C) strange something D) strange anything 94. There aren‘t many oranges here, but you can take ______ if you want to. (96) 49 A) few B) a few C) a little D) little 95. There are twenty teachers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and ______ are men teachers. (97) A) the other B) the others C) others D) other 96. My sports shoes are too small. I want to buy ______ pair. (98) A) the others B) the other C) other D) another 97. I didn‘t like the cross talk. ______ of the actors was funny. (99) A) Both B) All C) Neither D) Either 98. ______ of us has read the story. (00) A) Some B) Both C) All D) None 99. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; ______ like ball games. (01) A) the others B) others C) the other D) other 100. There are many highrises on ______ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view! (02) A) either B) neither C) both D) all 101. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than______. (03) A) they B) them C) themselves D) theirs 102. Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us ______ time to go to Pudong International Airport. (03) A) a few B) fewer C) a little D) less 103. Not long ago, our country sent up a rocket with two small satellites into space. One weighed 204 kilos and ______, 25 kilos. (04) A) another B) other C) others D) the other 104. In order to keep healthy, you should eat ______ fast food, ______ fresh vegetables and take enough exercise. (04) A) fewer…fewer B) less…more C) fewer…more D) less…less 105. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. ________ of them have set a good example to us.(05) a. All b. Neither c. Both d. None 106. Mr. Smith is quite busy today. He has __________ meetings to attend.(06) a. little b. a little c. few d. a few 107. Obey the traffic rules and learn to protect yourself. ________ is more important than life.(06) a. Nothing b. Something c. Everything d. Anything 108. I‘ve got two tickets for tonight‘s concert. One is for me, ________ is for you.(07) a. other b. the other c. others c. another 特殊疑问句练习题(一) 选择 (who, where, when) : 1.________ is that pretty girl? She is my sister. 2.________ are Jack and Tom? They are behind you. 3.________ do you go to school? I go to school from Monday to Friday. 4.________ has a beautiful flower? John has a beautiful flower. 5.________ are they? They are my parents. 6.________ is my mother? She is in the living room. 7.________ are you going? We are going to the bakery(面包坊). 8._______ do Jim and Wendy play football? They play football in the afternoon. 9._______ does he jog? He jogs in the park. 10.______ are you from? I'm from Changchun city. 二、就画线部分提问: 1.He is my father. ______________________________________ 2.They are under the tree. ______________________________________ 3.I often watch TV after dinner. ______________________________________ 4.Lily swims in the swimming pool. ______________________________________ 5.Superman flies in the sky. ______________________________________ 6.I often brush my teeth in the evening. ______________________________________ 7.Alan likes to play with Bill. ______________________________________ 8.Joe's father plays badminton every weekend. ______________________________________ 9..Jennifer has a pair of earrings(耳环). ______________________________________ 特殊疑问句练习(二) 一(用what time, what color, what day, what填空。 1. A: ______ _______ is it? B: It is nine o‘clock. 50 2. A: ______ _______ does your mother get up? B: My mother gets up at 6:30. 3. A: ______ _______ do you go to bed? B: I go to bed at 10:00. 4. A: ______ _______ do Diana and Fiona have supper? B: Diana and Fiona have supper at 18:00. 5. A: ______ _______is it? B: It is purple. 6. A: ______ _______ is the sky? B: The sky is blue. 7. A: ______ _______ is your coat? B: My coat is black. 8. A: ______ _______ is the dog? B: The dog is white. 9. A: ______ _______ is today? B: Today is Monday. 10. A: ______ _______ is tomorrow? B: Tomorrow is Tuesday. 11. A: ______ _______ was yesterday? B: Yesterday was Sunday. 12. A: ______ _______ do you like? B: I like red. 13. A: ______ is this? B:This is a computer. 14. A: ______ are you doing? B: We are playing basketball. 15. A: ______ does your mother do? B: My mother is a policewoman. 16. A: ______ are those? B: Those are peppers(辣椒). 17. A: ______ is in the box? B: A lovely doll is in the box. 18. A: ______ is on the table? B: The apple is on the table. 19. A: ______ is in the classroom? B:The blackboard is in the classroom. 20. A: ______ ______ ______? B: Mary is hungry. 21. A: ______ ______ ______ ______ ______? B: My favorite color is pink. 22. A: ______ ______ ______ ______? B: Nick is playing table tennis. Match: 二( ( ) 1. What‘s on the chair? A. There is a book in the bag. ( )2. How is your father? B. These are apples. ( )3. What are these? C. I go to school by bus. ( )4. What is in the bag? D.The radio is on the chair. ( )5. How do you go to school? E. My father is fine. ( )6. How much is it? F. I wash my face in the morning. ( ) 7. What time is it? G. I have two hands. ( )8. When do you wash your face? H. It is four o‘clock. ( )9. How many hands do you have? I. It is 5 yuan . ( )10.When do you have lunch? J.I have lunch at noon. 第十三讲 介词 一、介词概念: 介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词 代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、 表语、宾语、定语或补语。 He works very hard in order to pass the exams. I walk across the street every day. (状语) Why are you in such a hurry, I‘m at home now.(表语) Please pass the cup of coffee to me! (宾语) She has lost her interest in chemistry. The girl in red is my daughter. (定语) We often find her in trouble. So we go to help her every Sunday. (宾语补足语) 二、介词的用法: (一) 介词按其构成可分为: 1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until等。如:He's worked there since 1998. 2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of等。如:She is out of school. 她毕业了。 3. 二重介词 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in等。如: I'm from out of town. 我是从城外来的。 4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of等。如: I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨，而是因为我累了。 (二) 介词的作用: 1. 表示地点: after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under，on等。如: Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。 They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。 2. 表示时间:about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until等。如: After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。 A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。 51 The accident happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。 3. 表示动作:at, across, around, on, over, under等。如: The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。 The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。 4. 表示比较:as, like, above, over, with等。如: She was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。 Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英语相比，汉语难得多。 5. 表示原因: about, for, from, with等。如: Don't worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。 Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。 He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。 6. 表示条件: to, with, without等。如: Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。 7. 表示手段、方式: as, by, in, with等。如: He behaved as a robber. 他的举止如同强盗一样。 Learn the new words by heart.记住这些生词。 We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看。 8. 表示距离、数量: from, in, within等。如: My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。 They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。 9. 表示目的: as, for等。如: I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。 It's time for class. 到上课的时间了。 10. 表示让步: for, with等。如: For all his effort, he didn't succeed. 虽然他做了一番努力，仍不能成功。 With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，但他并不快乐。 for还可以引导插入语，例如: I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议。 (三) 介词的分析: 1. in: (1) in + 一段时间 ……之后/之内 He will come back in three days. (2) in + 年份/季节/月份 in summer in March in 2010 (3) in + 早晨/下午/傍晚 in the morning / afternoon / evening (4) in + 颜色 穿着/戴着…… The girl in blue is my classmate,Mary. (5) in + 地点 在……里 in the room in bed in the street in the sun in the newspaper 2. on: rd (1) on + 具体一天或具体一天的上午、中午、晚上 on Sunday on the morning of July 3 但是在this that next last yesterday today tomorrow等前面不用on I will leave for Beijing next Wednesday. (2) on + 地点 (有接触面) 在……上 on the table on the wall on the plate 试比较:There‘s a picture on the wall. There‘s a hole in the wall. There‘s some important news in the newspaper. Put my cup on the newspaper,please! (3) 关于某一主题 He will give us a talk on the history of our Party this afternoon. 3. at: (1) at + 几点几分 He will arrive here at 3:45 tomorrow afternoon. (2) at + 中午、晚上、半夜、黎明 at dawn / noon / night / midnight (3) at +地点 在……旁边(间距很小---约一拳) He is sitting at the table. at table (在用餐) 4. by: (1) by + 地点 在……旁边 (间距较小---比at间距稍大些) He is sitting by the window. (2) 用于被动语态 被…… Football is played by people all over the world. (3) by + 点上时间 到……为止 We had learnt the new chapter by the end of last week. (4) 通过……(表示手段) We can remember it by using it in and out of class. 5. beside + 地点 在……旁边(间距稍大---比by间距稍大些) There is a big tree beside the house. 6. besides 除了……(包含关系 同类) Besides English,I can speak German and Japanese. 7. except 除了……(排除关系 同类) I go to work every day except Sunday. 8. except for 除了……(排除关系 不同类) The film is very nice except for its music. 9. near 在……附近 (间距大---比beside间距更大些) There‘s a cinema near our school. 10.through 穿过 (某一区域) The river runs through the town. 52 11.across 横穿 (形成十字) Don‘t run across the street. It‘s dangerous. 12.against 倚着,靠着,反对 He is standing against the wall. We should fight against the difficulties bravely. 13.between 在两者之间 There‘s a railway between Shanghai and Nanjing. 14.among 在三者或以上中间 (无方位) There is a thief among us. 15.in the middle of 在……当中 (有方位) There is a boy in the middle of the river. He is crying for help. 16.in the front of 在……前部 (范围内) The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom , giving us an English lesson. 17.in front of 在……前面 (范围外) There‘s a tall tree in front of the house. 18.behind 在……后面 She is sitting behind me. 19.in the back of 在……后部 (范围内) I‘m tall , so I‘m sitting in the back of the classroom. 20.since 自从……以来 He has worked as a teacher since 1982. 21.for: (1) for + 一段时间 (表示动作持续的时间) He will stay there for two weeks. (2) 对……来说 It isn‘t easy for us to learn English well. (3) 为了…… Can you buy a birthday cake for my dad , Tom. It‘s his birthday today. (4) (表示所有关系) ……的 the ticket for the film the money for the house the medicine for the cold 22.before: (1) before + 地点=in front of Don‘t stand before me. I can‘t see the blackboard clearly. (2) before + 点上时间 You must come back before ten o‘clock tonight. 23.after: (1) after + 点上时间 在……之后 We often play basketball after school. (2) after + 一段时间 在……之后 (用于过去时) The fire went out after four hours. 24.like 象……一样 He looks like his father. 25.as: (1) 作为…… As a teacher , I must work hard for my students. (2) 担任…… She has worked as an editor for two years. (3) 如同…… His elder sister has acted as his mother. 26.outside 在……外面 It‘s very hot outside the house. 27.inside 在……里面(静态) Inside the room there are plenty of rice , water and bread 28.into 到……里(动态) He put the money into his pocket and went away. 29.out of: (1) 出,在外 Don‘t look out of the window. We are having the class. (2) 缺少,没有 We are out of milk. Please go and buy some , will you? 30.within: (1) (距离、时间) 在……之内 within two miles of the school within a week (2) (范围、程度) 在……的范围之内 It wasn‘t within my power to help her. (3) (场所) 在……之中 Stay within the town. 31.during 在……期间 During the holidays , I often go swimming with my friends. 30.until / till 直到……为止 I won‘t go to bed until I finish my homework tonight. 31.with: (1) 和……一起 Come down and play with me! (2) 用……(工具) I can write with my both hands. (3) 伴随着…… With the help of our teacher we have made great progress this term. 32.to: (1) to = towards (表示方向) 朝……;到……He came towards me,with a gun in his hand. (2) (表示所有关系) ……的 the answer to the question the key to the door (3) (表示行为对象) Give a book to me,please! (4) 对……来说 Water is very important to living things. 33.of (表示所有关系) ……的 a friend of my mother‘s 34.under 在……下面 (立体) There‘s a cat under the table. 35.over: (1) 在……上面 (悬空、立体、正上方) There are quite a few great bridges over the Huangpu River. (2) 超过……= more than There are over 100 students in the room. 36.below 在……下面 (平面、立体、正斜上方) There is a blackboard below the picture. 37.above 在……之上 (平面、立体、正斜上方) There is a picture above the blackboard. 38.about: 53 (1) 大约 He is about 50 years old,I think. (2) 关于 Can you tell me something about yesterday‘s meeting? 39.along = down 沿着 Go along this street and turn left at the second crossing. 40.without 没有 I can‘t finish the work without your help. 41.around = round 绕着…… There are many trees around our school. 42.opposite 在……的对面 The store is opposite of the station. 43.from 从……. It‘s three hours‘ walk from my home to the school. 44.onto 到……上 (动态) He jumped onto the river bank and disappeared in the darkness. (四) 初中介词词组: a bit of a couple of a group of a kind of a lot of lots of a pair of a piece of according to after all agree with sb. all over apologize to sb. for sth. arrive in arrive at ask for as well at breakfast / lunch / supper at first at last at home at least at most at once at present at school at the moment at the same time at work at / on weekends be afraid of be angry with sb. be bad for be busy with be careful with be covered with be familiar to be familiar with be famous for be different from be fond of be full of be good at be poor at be interested in be keen on be late for be located in / on at be made of be made up of be pleased / satisfied with be proud of be ready for be surprised at be thankful to sb. be used to because of belong to break into by air mail by bus by oneself by phone by the way call on care for come from come to an end communicate with compare A with B complain about consist of cover an area of deal with depend on die of do with dream of enter for fall off far away from fill in find out for example for the first time for the time being from door to door from now on from time to time get along with = get on with get in get in the way get off get on get ready for get rid of get tired of get to go for a swim go in for go on a diet go on a picnic go on with sth. go over go to the hospital go to hospital go to bed go to college go to church go to school go to the cinema / movies go to town hand in happen to sb. have pity on sb. hear from hear of help sb. with sth. huge amounts of in a hurry in a minute in addition in all in charge of in English in fact in front of in hospital in no time in one‘s fifties in one‘s opinion in order to in return in surprise in the end in the future in the middle of in this way in time in trouble instead of join in keep A from… keep in touch with keep off laugh at learn sth. from leave for listen to live on look after look at look for look forward to look like look up make friends with make fun of make out make up one‘s mind meet with next to of course of one‘s own on business on foot on holiday on one‘s side on show on the other hand on the phone on the right on the way / one‘s way to on time on weekdays one after another operate on sb. out of out of date pay for pick out pick up play a trick on play with plenty of point at point out praise sb. for sth. prefer A to B prepare for protect A from put off put on put out put up rely on run after search for see sb. off sell out 54 set off / out set up shake hands with share…with show off show sb. around shut up so as to speed up stop sb from doing sth. such as take a message for sb. take care of take charge of take hold of take in take off take out take part in take the place of take up talk about / of talk to / with sb. tell…from the same….as the week after next think about think of think over to one‘s joy to one‘s surprise try on turn down turn into turn off turn on turn out turn over up and down wait for wake up with great care with one voice with one‘s own eyes with pleasure with the help of work out worry about 三、选择填空: ( )1. We usually get up ________six ____the morning. A. at…of B. for…in C. at…in D. after…on ( ) 2. We travelled all night to London and got there____ Monday morning. A. in B. at C. on D to ( ) 3. My parents said that they were pleased ___my progress. A. in B. to C. with D. at ( ) 4. Many teachers believe that children also learn____ life, not just from their textbooks. A. of B. from C. for D. with ( ) 5. It was said that something terrible happened here _____ the snowy spring. A. in B. at C. on D.by ( ) 6. Our school is ___________the end of the street. A. in B. on C. at D. of ( ) 7. People in Korea will bow when they meet ____the first time. A. in B. on C. at D. for ( ) 8. Since the supermarket isn‘t far from here. Let‘s get there__________foot. A. by B. on C. with D. in ( ) 9. There was no airline _____________the two countries ten years ago. A. between B. with C. among D. inside ( )10. On Mother‘s Day,Mike and I want to invite mum to have dinner_________us at Shanghai Restaurant , which is famous_________its seafood. A. with…of B. with…for C. for…to D. to…for ( )11. If you are able to get the tickets, please tell me _____phone. A. at B. by C. on D. through ( )12. More and more people are able to talk and write___English these days. A. for B. with C. in D. to ( )13. The story happened ___________12th March. A. on B. in C. at D.with ( )14. Mum is worried ___________her son‘s work. A. for B. about C. of D. over ( )15. The train to Beijing leaves_____________ eight o‖clock. A. in B. on C. at D. from ( )16. The construction of the new building will cost ________ 1,000,000 dollars, and it‘s not easy to get so much money. A .at last B. at most C. at least D. at large ( )17. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the light happened to _______. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out ( )18. Every morning she would give him breakfast________ bed and bring him the papers to read. A. to B. at C. in D. by ( )19. Your performance in the driving test didn‘t reach the required standard , ________, you failed. A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time ( )20. Why don‘t they build a new road that goes____ the desert? A. to B. through C. over D. round ( )21. ________ this book and tell me what you think of it. A. Look through B. Look on (旁观) C. Look into (调查) D. Look up ( )22. The doctor will be free ____. A. 10 minutes later B. after 10 minutes C. in 10 minutes D. 10 minutes after 55 ( )23. Did you have trouble ____ the post office? A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding ( )24. If you keep on, you‘ll succeed_________. A. in time B. at one time C. at the same time D. on time ( )25. The train leaves at 6:oo pm. So I have to be at the station____5:40 pm at the latest. A. until B. after C. by D. around ( )26. Does John know any other foreign language _________ French? A. except B. but C. besides D. beside ( )27.Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. A. on / on B. at / on C. in / in D. in / on ( )28. A lot of students in our school were born ____ March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since ( )29. Tim suddenly returned____ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during ( )30. My grandfather was born ____ Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of ( )31. The train is starting ___ five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D. still ( )32. Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening. A. on / to B. at / in C. by / of D. at / on ( )33. The population of the world has grown very fast ____ four hundred years. A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past ( )34. We returned to our hometown___. A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week ( )35. Great changes have taken place___. A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last year D. on the last year ( )36. Children wake up very early ____ the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at ( )37. ____ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street. A. In B. On C. At D. For ( )38. It happened to be very cold____ the morning of our sports meet. A. at B. on C. with D. of ( )39. Why did you get up so early ___ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in ( )40. He went to Shanghai___ September 3, 1991 and came back___ a cold morning last year. A. in / on B. on / in C. on / on D. in / in ( )41. Lucy was born____ the night of May 12, 1984. A. on B. in C. at D. to ( )42. Mrs. Brown came to China ____ 1996. A. on B. of C. to, D. in ( )43. Ann moved ___ Hangzhou___ September, 1992. A. / ; in B. to ; in C. to ; on D. in ; in ( )44. They started off___ an autumn afternoon. A. during B. at C. in D. on ( )45. He often goes _______ school _______ six thirty _______ the morning. A. for / to / in B. to / at / in C. to / for / at D, for / at / to ( )46. He arrived _______ Shanghai _______ 9: 30 _______ March 5. A. at / in / at B. to / on / at C. in / on / at D. in / at / on ( )47. The English teacher told me to get there__________ half past ten. A. in B. at C. on D. of ( )48. The children get up __________ 6 o'clock. A. at B. on C. during D. in ( )49.The doctor worked___ five hours___ a rest. A. for / with B. on / without C. about / having D. for / without ( )50. I worked on the problem ____ a long time and I worked it out____ myself____ last. A. for / by / at B. in / with / on C. on / by / in D. for / for / at the ( )51. A new factory will be set up__________ a year. A. for B. in C. after D. on 56 ( )52. Two years________ he began to write another story-book. A. after B. later; C. in D. late ( )53. We will finish the picture__________ a day. A. in B. on C. after D. on ( )54. The workers had been_______ strike _______ almost a month. A. on / in B. at / in C. on / for D. on / during ( )55. Mr. Brown had lain ____ the ground _______ four hours before they finally found him. A. on / for B. at / in C. on / after D. in / during ( )56.The teacher is coming back_______ an hour. A. after B. for C. in D. before ( )57. She lived in the mountain village________ the years 1940-1950. A. between B. during C. in D. since ( )58. Miss Wang will come to Beijing________ two days. A. after B. in C. on D. before ( )59.The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won _______ the end. A. by B. at C. in D. on ( )60. Mary had finished her homework____ the time I got home. A. until B. by C. at D. when ( )62. We stayed at the lab___ our teacher returned. A. till B. by C. during D. while ( )63. They didn't leave the station___ they get on the train. A. until B. by C. after D. at ( )64. Don't worry. He will return_________. A. before long B. long before C. long long ago D. long ago ( )65. There lived an old man, fishing at sea_________. A. long before B. before long C. long time ago D. soon ( )66. It was not _________ they came back. A. long before B. before long C. long time before D. long after ( )67. I was told that his uncle had gone to France_______________ . A. long before B. shortly after C. before long D. long ago ( )68. I don't like to sit _______ Tom's right. I would like to sit ______ the back row. A. on / in B. in / on C. on / at D. at / on ( )69. There is a brook_______ red flowers and green grass_______ both sides. A. of / with B. with / on C. of / at D. with / in ( )70.There are many trees _____ of the road! And _______ of the trees is growing larger and larger. A. on both side; a number B. on each sides; a number C. on both sides; the number D. on every side; the number ( )71. The plane is flying _____. A. in the sky B. in. the air C. in space D. in sky ( )72. There is a sweet smell___. A. in the air B. in the open air C. in the sky D. in the space ( )73. We held an interesting party___. A. in the air B. in the sky C. in the open air D. in space ( )74.Seen from___, the earth appears to be a big blue ball. A. the space B. space C. a space D. this space ( )75. Tom sits _______ the classroom while John sits ________ the room. A. in front of / in back of B. in the front of / in the back of C. in front of / in the back of D. in the front of / in back of ( )76.Lucy sits________ the third row, _________Jim's left. A. on / on B. in / at C. at / in D. in / on ( )77.Jiangsu is_______ the east of China, but Japan is ________ the east of China. A. to / in B. in / to C. on / to D. to / on ( )78. ---Can I look up a word____ your dictionary? -----I haven't got it____ me. A. into / about B. in / with C. at / in D. on / on ( )79. 1 like moon-cakes ____ meat ____ them. A. in / on B. with / on C. in / with D. with / in ( )80. When you are ___ trouble please ask help ___ us. A. in / from B. in / for C. on / from D. on / of 57 ( )81.The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes____ your size. A. about B. in C. to D. of ( )82.I saw him___ hurry at the moment. A. in a B. in C. on D. on a ( )83. He put up a map ______ the back wall because there was a hole ______ it. A. on / on B. at / in C. on / in D. on / at ( )84. There is a door________ the wall. A. on B. to C. of D. in ( )85. This kind of VCD is made____ China. . A. in B. from C. at D. on ( )86. Any man ______ eyes______ his head can see that he's exactly like a rope. A. with / on B. with / in C. on / with D. in / with ( )87.1 There are some birds singing________ the trees. A. in B. on C. at D. from ( )88. Don't read ________ the sun. It's bad ________ your eyes. A. in / for B. under / for C. with / to D. in / on ( )89.The woman_________ a blue dress is my teacher. A. in B. on C. of D. at ( )90. There are so many apples_______ that tree. A. in B. on C. at D. from ( )91. The boat is passing________ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( )92. Two planes are flying_______ the city. A. through B. over C. on D.below ( )93. We can see a river running to the east________ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( )94. Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above ( )95. The United States is ______ the south of Canada and _____ the east of Japan. A. to / in B. on / to C. in / beside D. at / on ( )96. My hometown lies______ the city. _____ I often go to the city by bike. A. 50 miles in the east / However B. to the east 40 miles of / But C. in the east 45 miles from / But D. 35 miles east of / However ( )97. The man stood ________ the window, watching the boys playing outside. A. in B. by C. with D. to ( )98. Japan lies________ the east of China. A. on B. to C. in D. with ( )99. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go ________? A. through B. across C. on D. in ( )100. A mother camel was walking ______ her son ______ the desert. A. without / along B. with / through C. next to / pass D. beside / through ( )101. The river runs____ the city. A. across B. through C. over D. from ( )102. It took us over an hour to walk________ this street. A. from B. through C. over D. across ( )103. Uncle Wang arrived_______ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago. A. at B. in C. to D. / ( )104. Did your friend send you something ________ the end of last week? A. at B. by C. in D. to ( )105.The monument______ those heroes stands________ the foot of the mountain. A. of / at B. to / on C. for / by D. to / at ( )106. My uncle lives ________ 88 Beijing Street. A. to B. of C. at D. on ( )108. They are waiting _______ a bus _______ the bus stop. A. for / in B. on / at C. with / at D. for / at ( )109. Wood is often made________ paper. A. by B. from C. of D. into ( )110. ________ research ______ the universe scientists have put a lot of information ________ computers. A. With / over / at B. On / at / to C. In / about / into D. For / with / through 58 ( )111. When a piece of ice is taken _______ a warm room, it gets smaller and smaller until _______ the end it disappears completely. A. in / in B. out of / at C. into / in D. to / by ( )112. A woman fell _______ the boat ________ the water. A. off / into B. at / below C. down / under D. away / in ( )113. The tables in the restaurant are so close together that there's hardly any room to move ___ them. A. among B. between C. in the middle of D. at the centre of ( )114. English is widely used for business____ different countries. A. between B. to C. for D. on ( )115. Is there any difference ____ these two sentences? A. for B. in C. among D. between ( )116. We visited him at his workplace ___ the young trees and ask him about his work. A. in B. among C. between D. at ( )117. There is the difference___ Chinese food and American food. A. from B. at C. between D. by ( )119. The police station is ___ the clothing shop ___ the post office. A. between / and B. among / and C. near / of D. on / right ( )120. He is ____ the greatest scientists in the world. A. among B. between C. in D. of ( )121. There is a book-store ___ our house. A. at B. through C. across D. near ( )122. Our headmaster showed the visitors ________ our school. A. to B. for C. around D. near ( )123. The moon is the ________ to the earth. A. closed B. near C. nearest D. close ( )124. We have classes every day ____ Sunday. A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for ( )125. Nobody knew it _________ me. A. but B. beside C. besides D. without ( )126. What do you spend your time on ___ work and study? A. except B. besides C. but D. without ( )127. Do you know any other foreign language____ English. A. without B. beside C. besides D. except ( )128. We need fifteen more people ____ the twenty of us to do the job. A. besides B. and C. except D. without ( )129. No one knew where Mr. Smith lived____ his daughter. A. besides B. and C. only D. except ( )130. _____ the help of the teacher, Tom has made rapid progress ____ his studies. A. For / at B. Of / for C. By / on D. With / in ( )131. The children are interested _______this subject. A. to B. with C. in D. at ( )132. His mother often helps him ___ English so he does better ___ English than others. ; A. with / in B. on / in C. in / with D. with / at ( )133. I've lost my interest________ physics. A. in B. on C. at D. for ( )134. He drove away_________ the direction of London. A. in B. at C. to D. for ( )135. The letter was written ___ ink. A. with B. in C. by D. at ( )136. ___ the money, she bought a new coat ________ her father. A. With / for B. With / to C. For / with D. To / with ( )137. Wei Hua gets on well _________ her classmates. A. with B. in C. to D. at ( )138. There is something wrong________ my bike. A. at B. in C. on D. with ( )139. They are filling their bags________ books and other things. A. in B. with C. of D. by ( )140. When the teacher heard us talking in class, he was very angry ____us. A. to B. with C. for D. of 59 ( )141. We usually cover the Christmas trees ____ colour lights. A. in B. use C. for D. with ( )142. His sudden death surprised his wife. It was so bad. His wife was surprised ____ his death. A. by B. with C. at D. on ( )143. Don't laugh________ him, he only made a small mistake. A. at B. to C. about D. over ( )144. The boy cried out _______ the top of his voice. A. at B. in C. on D. to ( )145. We Chinese people are all___ our motherland . A. famous for B. proud of C. busy with D. good at ( )146. The beautiful bottle was made _______ glass. A. from B. in C. of D. by ( )147. This is a map_______ China. A. in B. at C. of D. on ( )148. A group_______ boys and girls are dancing in the park. A. with B. of C. for D. to ( )149. They are getting ready______ fly______ England_______their holiday. A. for / to / to B. to / to / for C. for / for / to D. to / to / to ( )150. What did you have _______ breakfast? A. at B. as C. for D. about ( )151. They were invited to an important ball _______ the first time _______ their lives. A. for / in B. at / in C. on / for D. in / with ( )152. Tom always comes late______ school. A. at B. inside C. to D. for ( )153. Mr. Smith caught hold______ Bob and said, "This is a good lesson___ you. A. of / for B. for / of C. of / of D. for / for ( )154. The shop______ clothes is _______the right side _____ the street. A. of / at / beside B. for / on / at C. for / on / of D. of / in / of 第十四讲 英语词汇的转化 一、动词??名词 invent----- _______________ suggest-----____________ act-----__________ __________ collect----_______________ operate----_______________ pollute----_______________ celebrate----_______________ communicate---______________ compete---_______________ locate------ _______________ organize----_______________ recite----_______________ hesitate----_______________ invite-----_______________ decorate---_______________ attract----_________________ calculate---________________librate----________________ solve----_______________ add----_______________ describe----_______________ review----_______________ discuss---_______________ decide----_______________ develop----_______________ agree----_______________ arrange----_______________ amuse----_______________ advertise--_______________ achieve---_______________ argue----_______________ advise---- _______________ choose----_______________ practise----_______________ serve---_______________ enter-----_______________ appear----_______________ depend----_______________ sell------_______________ apologize----_______________ memorize---_______________ weigh----_______________ fly---------_______________ rob-------_______________ paint-----_______________ begin-----_______________ mean----_______________ die------_______________ breathe----_______________ speak----_______________ succeed----_______________ sit--------_______________ enjoy----_______________ believe----_______________ waste-----_______________ interview---_______________ speed----_______________ order-----_______________ love------_______________ look-----_______________ rise-----_______________ talk------_______________ excuse----_______________ cheer---_______________ repair----_______________ answer----_______________ help----__________ __________change----_______________ end----________ __________ compare----_____________ please---_______________ 二、动词??形容词 need-----_______________ die----________ _________ attract-----_______________ 60 act------_____________ compare----_______________fool-----_______________ enable----_______________ enjoy---_______________ widen------_______________ fill-----_______________ forget---________ _________ sleep------____________ heat----_______________ craze---_______________ open------_______________ welcome----_______________ empty----_______________ clear----_______________ clean------_______________ close---________ _________ crowd---_______________ lose-----_______________ please---________ __________unite----_______________ wound---_______________ break----_______________ follow---_______________ dry-----_______________ amaze---________ _________ amuse---________ _________ bore---________ _________ excite---________ _________ freeze---________ _________ frighten---________ _________ interest---________ _________surprise---________ _________ satisfy---________ _________ tire----________ _________ live---______ ______ ________ ______ worry---_______________ 三、名词??形容词 thank---_________________ help----________ __________ use----_________ __________ care-----__________ ___________ wonder----_________________ power---_________________ hope----__________ ___________ harm---________ _________ home---________________ beauty---_________________ friend-----________________ love----_________________ luck---_________________ fun------_________________ health---_________________ sun----_________________ fog-----_________________ rain-----_________________ wind---_________________ snow----_________________ cloud---_________________ sand---_________________ noise----_________________ wood---_________________ wool---_________________ gold---_________________ physics---_________________ politics---_________________ history---_________________ medicine---_______________ chemistry---______________ electricity--__________ _________ culture---_________________ nature---_________________ education--_______________ nation---_________ __________ tradition---________________ office---________________ danger---_________________ importance---______________ difference---_______________ absence---________________ dependence---______________ independence--____________ convenience---______________ favour---________________ pleasure---__________ _________ change---______________ west----______________ east------______________ south----______________ north---______________ second---______________ China---______________ Japan---__________________ Russia---_________________ Australia---____________ Canada---_________________ Asia----____________________ India---_______________ Italy----_____________ Africa---______________ America---________________ Europe---_____________ England---______________ Britain---________________ Poland---_____________ Spain----_______________ France---________________ age----___________________ enough---________________ pink----__________________ orange---__________________ yellow---________________ red----___________________ expense---________________ 四、形容词??名词 ill----________________ kind-----_________________ busy----_________________ free-----_________________ true----_________________ wide---________________ long---________________ difficult---_________________ honest---_________________ safe---_________________ high----________________ wise---_________________ German---_______________hot-----_________________ 五、同音异意词 hour---____________ be---____________ four---____________ two---_________ _________ flower---__________ hi---____________ way---____________ father---________________ no-------___________ new---___________ one---____________ wood---________________ world---___________ red-----____________ where---___________ war---______________ warn---_____________ hole---___________ weather---__________ aunt----_______________ here---_____________ hair----_____________ buy---______ ________ right---________________ their---_____________ past---______________ son---_______________ see---_________________ I-----______________ nose---______________ meet---______________ blue---________________ road---____________ through---____________ hire---_______________ eight---_______________ week---____________ 六、词义转换 61 art--- ___________ science----___________ tour----___________ piano----___________ cycle---___________ chemistry--___________ poem---___________ music---___________ secret----___________ library--___________ engine---____________ message---__________ office---____________ foreign---____________ custom--_______ ________basketball---___________ football--________business---_________ ____________act---_______ ________ visit---__________ invent---___________ calculate______________ wait---_______ ________ work---______________ teach----__________ farm---____________ speak----______________ fight----______________ play----____________ lead----____________ sing----_______________ paint---______________ own----____________heat----______________ drive---______________ write---______________ dance---___________ announce---___________ manage---___________ run----______________ cook---_______ _______graduate---___________ swim---____________win-----____________ mix----_____________neighbour---___________ post---_________ __________ ____________ know---______________nation---____________short-----_____________ active---______________ friend---_____________sight---_____________say-----_______________record-- _______ ________ 七、动词??介词 cross----____________ pass---_______________ include---____________ 八、反意词 honest---___________ like---_______ ________cover---_____________ appear---______________ usual-----___________ known---_____________fair----______________corrected---____________ able------____________ happy---______________ healthy---___________lucky----_______________ fortunate---__________ forget----______________possible--____________polite---____________ correct---____________visible---______________ 九、词类转换练习 1. They bought some __________ at the supermarket yesterday.(potato) 2. The street near my house is always crowed with cars and __________(bus). 3.I receive some Christmas ___________ from my pen pals.(card) 4.We still need _________more chairs for the meeting room.(ninth) 5. Mum made a big chocolate cake for little Kevin's __________ birthday. (six) 6. Our new flat is on the ___________ floor, and we have a good view of the park.(ten) 7. The French artist said,"It is my __________ time to visit Shanghai. "(five) 8. Let's take the lift up to the restaurant on the __________ floor.(twenty) 9.Mandy has got a lovely dog. _________ name is Oliver.(It) 10. "Would you tell __________ about your trip to Russia?" the children asked Uncle Joe.(we)07 11. A bus ____________(drive) is responsible for the safety of his passengers. 12.Wang Hai, come and meet Mr.Li, __________ (manage) of the hotel. 13.Some famous____________ are going to give lectures in our university in 1August.(science) 14.Are there any taxi ______________(serve) in the small town? 15.____________(healthy) is more important to me than money. 16.More people are getting to know the _____________(important) of environmental protection. 17.It's difficult for us to tell the _________ between these two words.(different) 18. The students had a ____________ in the English class yesterday. (discuss) 19. The young man works as a ___________ in a five-star hotel.(wait) 20. Patrick is going to be a (n) ____________ when he grows up.(engine) 21. At the_________of this century, the APEC conferences were held successfully in Shanghai.(begin) 22. It's a ___________ to have a picnic with all the family members.(pleased) 23. The young mother is singing ___________ to her baby son now.(soft) 24. Listen! The birds are singing ___________ in the woods.(beautiful) 25. The children were __________ excited when they saw the two pandas.(real) 26. It rained ___________last night and the river rose two feet.(heavy) 27. Watch ________, and you will find the difference between the two pictures.(care) 28. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour the helicopter landed ________ at last.(safe) 29.More and more foreigners are learning to __________ Chinese nowadays(speech) 30. Put some milk into the flour , break two eggs and then ________ them.(mixture) 31. I ____________ we see a film about the Anti-Japanese War.(suggestion) 32.Your job is to __________ customers well. Please keep it in mind.(service) 33.Wang Wei, the young pilot, __________ for our country.He will live in our hearts forever.(dead) 34. Shirley has done a lot for the tourists. She is really a __________ guide.(help) 35.A group of young Japanese had an __________ tour in our town last month.(enjoy) 36. I believe knowledge is more ___________ than money. (power) 62 37.The Iraq War has made thousands of children ____________.(home) 38. It is ___________ of Peter to pay so much money for clothes. (fool) 39. The situation in that country is __________. You'd better not go there.(danger) 40. To be lovely Shanghainese, we should be helpful and _________ to others.(friend) 第十五讲 英语词汇的辨析 1. be made in be made by be made of be made from This kind of bike is made ________ Shanghai. Was the bridge made _______ the workers three years ago? This kind of desk is made _____ wood. Paper is made ______ wood. 2. bring take (away) carry fetch Please _________ your bag here when you come to school tomorrow. Please help your mother _______ water. Who has ___________my schoolbag? If you don‘t have some money with you , please _______ some from your father. Please ______ your dictionary with you when you go there. 3. how far how long how soon how often ---_________ do you go to the zoo? ---I go there twice a week. ---_________ will you go to Nanjing? ---I will go there in three hours. ---_________ is it from here to your school? ---It‘s about three hours‘ walk. ---_________ will it take for a parcel to reach Nanjing?---It will take two days for it to reach Nanjing. 4. I‘m sorry. Pardon? = Beg your pardon? = I beg your pardon? Excuse me. _______ . I‘m late for school. _______ , but how can I get to the nearest shop? ---I‘ll have a meeting to attend. ---_________? ---I said I would have a meeting to attend. 5. You‘re welcome. = It‘s a pleasure.= My pleasure. = That‘s all right. = Not at all. It doesn‘t matter. = That‘s all right. = Not at all. Never mind. ---I can‘t find my mother. What shall I do? ---________,my boy! I can help you to find her. ---I‘m sorry I‘m late. ---____________________. ---Thank you very much. ---___________________. 6. Sb. + pay + money + for + sth. Sb. + spend + money / time + on + sth. = Sb. + spend + money / time + in doing sth. Sth. + cost +钱 Sth. + cost + sb. + 钱 It + take (+ sb.) + time + to do sth. This bike_______ 50 dollars. Did you ______ much money for the computer last week? The phone ________ him 2500 yuan. She ________ 300 yuan on this coat How much did you spend ________buying the ticket? She _________ 3 months writing the story last year. It ________ me 24 hours to go to Beijing by train. It ___________her 10 yuan. 7. few a few little a little She can speak ________ English , can she? You have learnt __________ English words this term , haven‘t you? There is ________ ink in my bottle. So I can lend you some. _________ students could sing the song last year , could they? Mary isn‘t ____________girl , is she? 8. join join in = take part in enter for attend enter I have an important meeting to___________. Our school sports meeting will take place next week. Have you ________ any events? Please _______ us and play together , will you? She __________ the room but saw nobody in it. He ______________ the maths contest last week. He _________________ the Christmas Party next week. 9. both A and B neither A nor B either A or B not only A but (also) B A as well as B 63 I have only one ticket here. _____you ____ your father can take it. Take it if you want. I‘m good at sports. I can play ______football ______basketball. ________Jack _______ Mary is going to Beijing tomorrow and I will see them off then. Jack _________ I plays football every day except Sunday. ______you _____he goes to school on Sunday. So you can both go to the park on Sunday. 10.arrive arrive (in) arrive (at) get (to) reach arrive here / there / home = get here / there / home When did he _________ here? Please write to me as soon as you ____________Beijing. He is too short to _________ the apples on the tree. My friends will __________the station soon. 11.say say to sb. + 句子 speak speak to sb. talk talk to sb.= talk with sb. talk about sth. = talk of sth. tell tell sth.to sb. > tell sb. sth. tell sb. to do sth. Did he _________ at the meeting? What did he _________ at the meeting? Does your parent _________ English or Chinese? Can you ________ what time it is? What did he _______ you to do just now? She __________ me, ― What will you do tonight? ‖ ---Hello,can I ________ to John? ---Sorry , he happens to be out. I‘ll _______ a story to you soon. ---What are you doing? ---We are ____________ the picture. He is __________ my mother now. I‘ll _________ the teacher about it. Please ________ it in English. 12.listen listen to hear sound Someone is singing in the room. Can you ________ hear it? The music _________ beautiful. He was ____________ the radio this time yesterday. ________! Who is playing the piano in the room? 13.see look look at watch read She is __________ today‘s newspaper. ________! The bus is coming. Can you ______ it? You‘re going to _______ TV instead of ______ a film tonight. Don‘t talk any more. ____________the blackboard , please! 14.look for find find out discovery Who __________ America first , can you tell me? I‘m ____________my watch and I‘m sure I can _______it soon. Please ____________ who has broken the window. 15.used to be / get used to + n. be used to + v. My grandparents __________live in the countryside and now they live in the city. And they _______________ living in the city now. Do you know wood can ____________make into paper. 16.drive open turn on begin fly Can you________ the car? Please _________ the door for me. When shall we__________ our meeting? I will _________ a model plane this afternoon. Don‘t forget to __________ the light when you enter the room. 17.put on wear in Look! He is ______________ a nice T-shirt today. The girl __________ a red skirt is my daughter. It‘s very cold outside. Please __________ your coat. 18.rise raise The sun _________ in the east and sets in the west. Please ________ your hands if you can answer my question. He is good at his job. Soon the manager will give his a________ . 64 The river _________ three feet after the heavy rain last night. 19.stop to do stop doing He stopped __________(cry) when he saw his mother. He stopped___________(watch) TV because the programmes were wonderful. 20.neither either so too as well She can play football and basketball __________. Tom sings well and Mary sings well , ______. = Tom sings well . ________ does Mary. I can‘t fly a plane. You can‘t fly a plane , ________. = I can‘t fly a plane. ______ can you. 21.forget forget to do forget doing leave Don‘t ________ your schoolbag when you come back from school. He ________ his watch in the classroom and had to went back to get it. He always forgets__________ (wash) his hands before meals. Don‘t forget ________ (turn) off the light when you leave the room. 22.A be familiar to B A be familiar with B The Great Wall is familiar ________ me. = I am familiar ______ the Great Wall. 23.five years old five-year-old She is a ________________ girl. = The girl is _____________. 24.such so She is _________ a clever girl that she can do it easily. There are ________ many beautiful places to visit that I don‘t want to leave China now. The problem is _______ hard that I can‘t work it out. 25.sometimes sometime some time some times I get up early in the morning , but _______ I get up late on Sunday. She has waited for her mother for ___________. I will go to visit your father ________ next week. She has been to Beijing _____________. 26.try to do try not to do not try to do try doing try not doing not try doing We must try__________(pass) our final exams. He knocked at the front door, but there was no answer. So he tried _______(knock) at the back door. He tried _________(not be) angry. He_____________(not try) to work hard. He is really a lazy boy. 27.if whether She will go there _______ it isn‘t rainy tomorrow. I want to know ________ you have been there before Do you know________ he is a student or not? He doesn‘t know _______ to go there at once. 28.in charge of in the charge of John is ____________ our English teaching. Our class is _____________ Mr Li. 29.below under above over with in on There is a plane ______ the building. There is a picture _________ the blackboard. There is a cow _________ the big tree. _______the help of the teacher , I‘m becoming more and more interested in English. Don‘t read________ the sun. It‘s bad for your eyes. Water can turn into ice when the temperature is _____________ 0? He is working _______ the street now. There‘s a river _______ the hill and there are many ships ________the river. 30.like as We could use a man ______ you. She is as clever _______her mother. ______a student, we must study hard. 31.another other + 名复= others the other the others = the rest I have four pencils. One is cheap and _______are expensive. I have three sisters. One is a teacher ,________is a worker and the third is a writer. There‘re many students here. Some are singing , some are drawing and__________are dancing. I have two pens here. One is red and ________ is blue. 65 32.look forward to + n./动名词 be eager to + do I‘m looking forward to __________(start) the new school life. He is eager to ___________(go) abroad for his further study. 33.every day everyday He goes to school on foot ____________. He does his ___________work very well. 34.search search for Please ____________ his pocket carefully. I‘m ___________ my English book now. 35.but however He studies very hard , _________he still often fails his English exams. He studies very hard._________, he still often fails his English exams. 36.be bad for be harmful to Don‘t read in bed. It is__________ to your eyes. 37.take place =be held 举行 take place = happen 发生 take the place of instead of instead Our school sports meeting will _____________ next Friday. A car accident _____________ in the street last night. He went to the cinema ____________ watching TV at home yesterday evening.. He didn‘t watch TV at home yesterday. ________ he went to the cinema. Mr Li is ill in bed. I will _____________ him to attend the meeting today. 38.live lively alive living Water is very important to ________ things She is still ________. Let‘s send him to the hospital at once. His daughter looks clever and _________ .All of us love her very much. Be quiet , please! Let‘s listen to the ________ broadcast now. 39.would rather do would like to do I ____________ stay at home watching TV instead of going out in such bad weather. She ___________to go there with you. 40.quite very He is a __________ clever student and she is ___________ a beautiful girl. 41.who / whom / whose / which / what 疑问代词 when / where / why / how 疑问副词 _________makes you think I am an excellent teacher? _________did he say that for? 42.think of 想起 / 想到 / 认为 think about 考虑(做某事的可行性) think over仔细考虑 What do you ____________it? She is _______________the problem attentively. Do you really want to go travelling with us? Please ______ it _______. 43.work on work out I‘m ___________it. I don‘t know if I can‘t _______ it ________. 44.put off put out put on put up We will have to __________ the meeting because of the bad weather. Have the firemen __________ the fire in that area? It‘s very cold outside. ____________ your coat, please! If you want to get the ticket ,_________ your hand at once. 45.take off take in take up take away take out The plane will ___________ in ten minutes. We __________ Oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Who has ____________ today‘s newspaper? I Haven‘t read it yet. When did you start to _____________ this job? It‘s cold here.Don‘t _____________ your coat. He __________ a gun from his pocket and began to fire the enemy bravely. 66 2010.9初中英语辅导测试 Name________Mark_______ (本卷满分100分 90分钟完卷) I. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内): (共20分) 1. Some students in my class want to learn to play _____ volleyball while others want to learn to play _______ piano in their spare time. A) /…/ B) the…/ C) /…the D) the…the 2. Mary returned to school happily after the ________ winter holiday. A) 22 day B) 22-day C) 22 days D) 22-days 3. How long can I ________ the book? Which of the following is wrong? A) keep B) borrow C) use D) read 4. –May I speak to Alice? – Hold on, please. A) This is Alice speaking. B) She is not here. Hang up the telephone. C) Keep it in your hand. D) Don‘t hang up the telephone. 5. Can you tell me how you made the baby ________ this morning? A) to stop crying B) stop to cry C) to stop to cry D) stop crying 6. _______ useful advice you‘ve given me! A) What B) What a C) What an D) How 7._______ you‘ve understood it, I won‘t explain it to you. Which is not right? A) Now that B) For C) Since D) As 8. She_____ be Jack‘s mother. She _____be Mary‘s. Look! She looks like Mary very much. A) can‘t…must B) mustn‘t…can C) can …mustn‘t D) must…can‘t 9. He‘s gone to Japan, _______ he? A) isn‘t B) wasn‘t C) hasn‘t D) doesn‘t 10. ____the night of last Wednesday, we had seen the film for three times. A) At B) By C) On D) In 11. There‘re 42 students in our class.20 are boys and ________ are girls. A) the others B) others C) the other D) another 12. Rose and her brothers went to Washington two days ago._____of them have been back. A) Neither B) One C) None D) Either 13. Jim is now feeling ______ to go back to school after staying in bed for a week. A) enough well B) well enough C) good enough D) enough good 14. Who taught ______ English when you were in school? I taught_____. A) your…me B) your…myself C) you…myself D) you…me 15. He likes to have _______food in _______weather. A) freezing…freezing B) freezing…frozen C) frozen…frozen D) frozen…freezing 16. Could you please ______your voice when you ____to answer the questions? A) raise…rise B) rise…raise C) rise…rise D) raise…raise 17. He wondered if I _________ here in an hour. A) wait B) will wait C) would wait D) waited 18. .Look! The rain _______. Let‘s go on having our P.E. lesson. A) is stopping B) stopped C) has stopped D) will stop 19. Tommy as well as his parents ______ in the activity and _____ a prize every term. A) join…is awarded B) join…awards C) joins…is awarded D) joins…are awarded 20.Do you know when the school sports meeting ____this term.? A) will be held B) holds C) held D) is held II. Complete the sentences with the given words box in their proper forms( 用括号中所给单词的适当形式 完成下列句子):(共6分) 1. Is anybody __________today? (absence) 2. This area has been ________ polluted since the factories was set up years ago. (serious) 3. Are there any telephone _________in the small mountain village? (serve) 4. Have you made up a _________about the problem? (decide) 5. Jane hasn‘t told the _________ of the matter. She is __________. (true , honesty) III. Rewrite the sentences as required(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词):(共10分) 1. She usually has three class in the afternoon during weekdays. (否定句) 67 She ______usually ______ three class in the afternoon during weekdays. 2. I really don‘t know how I can work out the maths problem. (保持原意思) I really don‘t know ______ _______ work out the maths problem. 3. The bicycle cost me about 300 yuan last year. (保持原意思) I _______ about 300 yuan ______the bicycle last year. 4. He usually goes to the theatre twice a month. (对划线部分提问) ______ _______does he go to the theatre? 5. When did she write the book? (改为被动语态) When ____ the book ______by her? IV. Complete the following dialogue with proper sentences in the box(选出适当的句子，完成下列对话): (共8分) A: Excuse me, are you from Britain? B: 1 A: The way you speak. 2 B: This time last year. A: That is to say you have been in China for about one year. B: 3 A: How do you like China? B: 4 . I like it very much. A: 5 . B: The people, the food and the wonderful places. A: 6 . B: No, I haven‘t. I am going there next week. 7 . A: Certainly. Take the bus over there. It will take you right there. B: 8 . A: You‘re welcome. A. It‘s great. B. Yes. But how do you know that? C. Have you ever been to the Great Wall? D. Will you go there with me? E. Thanks a lot. F. By the way, can you tell me the way to Shanghai Zoo? G. Yes, you are right. H. When did you arrive here? I. What do you like about China? V. Reading comprehension(阅读理解):(共17分) (A) Three engineers and three accountants (会计师) are traveling by train to a conference. At the station, the three accountants each buy tickets and find that the three engineers buy only a single ticket. ―How are three people going to travel on only one ticket?‖ asks an accountant. ―Watch and you‘ll see,‖ answers an engineer. They all get on the train. The accountants take their respective (各自的) seats but all the three engineers hide into a restroom (公用厕所) and close the door behind them. Shortly after the train has started, the conductor comes around collecting tickets. He knocks on the restroom door and says, ―Ticket, please.‖ The door opens just a crack (裂缝) and a single arm appears with a ticket in the hand. The conductor takes it and moves on. The accountants see this and agree it is quite a clever idea. So after the conference, the accountants decide to copy the engineers on the return trip so as to save some money. When they get to the station, they buy a single ticket for the return trip. To their surprise, the engineers buy no tickets at all. ―How are you going to travel without a ticket?‖ says one perplexed(困惑的)accountant. ―Watch and you will see,‖ answers an engineer. Whey they get on the train, the three accountants cram (挤) into a restroom and the three engineers cram into another one nearby. The train starts. Shortly afterward, one of the engineers leaves his restroom and walks over to the restroom where the accountants are hiding. He knocks on the door and says, ―Ticket please.‖ 68 True or False(判断下列句子是否符合电话留言 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示):( 5 分) 1. The engineers and the accountants go to the conference by air. 2. On their way to the conference, the engineers each buy tickets for themselves but the three accountants only buy one. 3. The engineers think it is a good idea and they want to copy the accountants. 4. It is clear that the accountants will have some trouble on the train. 5. The engineers are cleverer than the accountants. (B) Shopping Online Every year, more and more people are using the Internet to shop. That‘s because every year more and more people are discovering that shopping on the Internet is fast, easy and safe. Unlike most stores, the Internet is open 24 hours a day, 365 days of the year. You can shop at your convenience, from your home or office. Purchases (购买) made over the Internet are usually cheaper and easier. Typically the experience goes something like this: You go to the web site where you plan to make the purchase. You browse (浏览) just as if you were in a store, then you find what you are looking for. You click on a ―link‖ (连接) showing that you wish to purchase the product. You are then changed to a ―secure (可靠的) server (服务者)‖. All the information sent out from this point on is encrypted . You will be asked for your name and address… and the address you wish the purchase to be shipped (this could be a gift for someone else!) You will be asked for your credit card number. You will be given several different shopping options. You will be given an opportunity to cancel your order… or proceed with it. It‘s just that easy! The company will notify (通知) you by e-mail when the product was shopped and when you should expect to receive it. We suggest that you take the following precautions (预防) before you buy anything over the Internet: Shop with companies you are already familiar with. Make sure the companies‘ web site includes a real street address and phone number. Credit card information should only be sent out on ―secure servers‖. Answer the questions(根据短文内容回答下列问题):(12分) 1.Why are more and more people using the Internet to shop? Because shopping on the Internet is _________________________. 2.Can you shop on the Internet whenever and wherever you want? _____________________________. 3.Which is cheaper and easier to do the shopping , on the internet or in usual stores? _____________________________. 4.How will the company notify you when the product was shopped? ________________________________________. 5.What should you do before you buy anything over the Internet? We should ______________________________________. 6. Is it necessary to make sure that the companies have the real street addresses and phone numbers? ______________________________. VI. Cloze test(完型填空):(共34分) A. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语，完成短文):(共 14分) From Monday to Friday most people are busy working or studying, but in the evenings and weekends they are free to enjoy themselves. Some watch television or go to the movies, others 1 sports. This is decided by their own 2 . There are many different ways to spend our free time. Almost everyone has some kind of 3 : it may be something from collecting stamps to making model planes. Some hobbies are very 4 but others don‘t cost anything at all. Some collections are 69 worth a lot of money, others are valuable only to their owners. I know a man who has a coin collection worth several thousand dollars. A short time ago he bought a rare fifty-cent piece which 5___ him $ 250 ! He was very happy about this collection and thought the price was all right. On the other hand, my youngest brother collects match boxes. He has almost 600 of them, but I wonder 6____ they are worth any money. However, To my brother , they are quite valuable .Nothing makes him happier than to find a new match box for his collection. That‘s what a hobby means, I think. It is something we like to do in our free time just for the 7 of it. The value in dollars is not important, but the pleasure it gives us is. 1. A) look like B) take care of C) think about D) .take part in 2. A) lives B) interests C) jobs D) things 3. A) hobby B) thing C) job D) way 4. A) interesting B) exciting C) cheap D) expensive 5. A) paid B) cost C) took D) spent 6 .A) that B) if C) what D) why 7. A) money B) work C) fun D) time B. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通 顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):(共20分) Mrs. Green was 91 years old and she lived in an old People‘s Home. Every week she bought a t for the National Lottery(彩票). One day she won the first prize---twenty million pounds! The nurses didn‘t know h to tell her, so they called her doctor. ―Oh, dear me!‖ the doctor said. ―She‘s got a very w heart. The shock(震惊) could kill her. If you tell her the news suddenly, she‘ll have a heart _a_______ and drop dead. I‘ll go and tell her m .‖ The doctor sat and talked _w_____ Mrs. Green about the weather for 5 minutes. Then he said, ―Oh, by the way, there‘s a lot of news a the National Lottery prize. It‘s twenty million pounds this week.‖ Mrs. Green laughed, ―Do you know something about it? I buy a ticket every week, of course I‘ll n win, but it gives me something to think about.‖ ―Well,‖ said the doctor, ―what will you do if you win that much money?‖ ―I‘ve thought about that a lot. I‘ve got no relatives and I‘m 91 years old now. I don‘t need that much money. You‘ve been my doctor for 30 years and you‘ve always been very kind. I would g half of it t_____ you.‖ At that news, the doctor had a heart attack and dropped dead. VII. Writing :5分 Write at least 60 words about the topic "What I should do to make my dream come true". _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ 70